Topic:-

Submit to: Madam Ayesha ShafiqSubmitted By 12-807 12-810 12-827 12-884 12-887

Department: B.S( I.T)Topic:

Wireless in E-HealthTopic:-

E-Health in WirelessAbstract

Most conventional medical systems use fixed wired LAN, cable, and other land line systems to transmit medical data or operations. As wireless technology becomes increasingly pervasive, e-health professionals are considering wireless networks for their mobile medicine systems with the advent of e-health care, a wide range of technologies can now be applied to provide medical care products and services.Keywords:-: Healthcare; e-health; internet; medical errors; healthcarecosts; access to healthcare; health information.

Introduction:-Definition:- a new term needed to describe the combined use of electronic communication and information technology in the health sector, and the use in the health sector of digital data transmitted, stored and retrieved electronically for clinical, educational, and administrative purposes, both at the local site and at a distance.Applications:-Many healthcare applications require reliable monitoring of patients such as those in aHospital or nursing home. Although it is fairly simple to monitor patients using one of several wireless LANs (Local Area Networks) in and out of a facility (Figure ), the coverage of wireless networks is not comprehensive on every square meter of a facility.This could result in time and location-dependent dead-spots with unpredictable wireless coverage.Currently in a typical nursing home in USA, a patient is observed by a nurse or staff one to few times an hour. However, if a patient is having a heart attack while being in the bathroom alone, the required help may not come in time

One such challenge is how to provide better healthcare services to an increasing number of people using limited financial and human resources. The current an demerging wireless technologies could improve the overall quality of service for patients in both cities and rural areas.Also, these technologies can reduce the stress and strain on healthcare providers while enhancing peoples productivity, retention and quality of life, and also reduce the overall cost of healthcare services in the long-term. It is well known that many medical errors occur due to a lack of correct and complete information at the location and time it is needed, resulting in wrong diagnosis and drug interaction problems. Although, wireless technologies cannot eliminate all medical errors, some of the informational-errors can certainly be avoided by the anytime-anywhere access to medical information.* The use of location tracking, intelligent devices, user interfaces, body sensors and Short-range wireless communications for patient monitoringMobile and wireless technologies can be effectively utilized by matching infrastructure capabilities to healthcare needs. These include the following:* The use of instant, flexible and universal wireless access to increase the accessibility of healthcare providers* The use of reliable communication among medical devices, patients, healthcare providers and vehicles for effective emergency management.In the long term, affordability, portability, and reusability of wireless technologies for patient monitoring and preventive care will also reduce the overall cost of healthcare services.Evolution of the use of wireless in E Health:

In 1999 at Holle and Zahlmann a four phase strategy is proposed .

economic aspects are discussed Boric-Lubecke and Lubecke (2002).

In 2002 at Pattichis different applications are presented: 1 Tele cardiology. 2 Tele radiology. 3 Tele psychology.

An implementation of pervasive computing technologies in an assisted care facility can be found in in Stanford (2002).

Wireless in healthcare has several issues:

The introduction of wireless technologies is very preliminary as even healthcare requirements and challenges have not been identified

The unique capabilities of wireless and mobile infrastructure have not been utilized.

The applications and solutions are limited to using a single type of wireless network, thus restricting the access and coverage.

The introduction of wireless and mobile technologies is very fragmented and limited to a few simple cases

Functional Components

A.Sensors and Processing Units 1) Medical Sensors: 2) Environmental Sensors: 3) Central Transceiver Unit and Central Base StationB. Services for the monitoring system 1) Hospital Services2) Cloud Storage Services3) Emergency Response Services4) Real Time Health Advice and Action (ReTiHA)5) Parent Monitoring Services:

SECURITY AND PRIVACYIn this section we have discussed about the various security threats to this e-health monitoring system. As the system is concerned with the condition of human health and prescriptions are made online by the doctor, we need to consider rigid security measures. This is required in order to secure the patients health and to assure whether the patient is receiving proper medical guidance. If the patients profile is compromised or a prescription is uploaded by any unauthorized person other than the doctor, this can have a deleterious effect on the patient. Hence the following aspects of end-to-end security are to be considered to ensure that there are no loopholes in thesecurity of the system.

ConfidentialityIt is a necessity to keep the health record of the patient confidential such that the privacy of the patient is ensured.

While the health record is sent and received between the doctor and the patient, no other person can be allowed to eavesdrop on this exchange in an unauthorized manner. In our architecture, we have kept a provision for some trusted people (family members) to access the patient profile

The system allows these trusted people to access the database with a private key shared and approved by the patient.

These data are sent to the cloud fromdevices through HTTPS connection to obviate any kind of security threats regarding confidentiality.

USE CASESIn this section, we have discussed a few of the real life applications of our system. There are many real life scenarios, where the system can prove to be efficient and useful. We have mentioned two of such cases and the systems function in the same.Doctor FinderB. Location information for Emergency Response Team

Emerging Trends in Electronic HealthCare

The January 2011 ITU-T Technology Watch Report on Standards and e-Health described some specific trends in e-health:-

Electronic health records:

Remote healthcare and diagnostics:

Mobile Health TechnologyGenomic medicine

Mobile E-health Technologies:

ITU statistics suggest that almost 6 billion people have mobile phone subscriptions4. The 21st century reality is that the majority of the worlds population, nearly 90% of the world, is plugged in via cellular telephony.

USC doctors implant game-changing wireless device in heart patient:-

USC is the first medical center in Southern California, post-Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval, to implant a new wireless device for heart failure patients. The device is designed to reduce readmissions to the hospital and empower patients to be involved in their own health information.Shavelle used this device and got good results.

Conclusion:The contributions of this paper include the following:-1 Identifying healthcare applications with most potential for wireless technologies.2 Deriving requirements and networking infrastructure for several healthcare applications.3 Design of wireless infrastructure for current and future healthcare applications.

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