Q4 a)HEALTH CARE SERVICESMALAYSIA VS UK

By Wan Awatif

Health care service in UK

• Run by the National Health Service (NHS).• Predominantly by the public sector with the funds from

general taxation and national insurance contributions.• 11.5 % of the population -supplementary private medical insurance.• The NHS is free at the point of delivery.• Charges would be on prescription drugs, ophthalmic services

and dental services. • Exemptions, :for children, elderly, and the unemployed.

Health care service in MALAYSIA

• Run by 2 system : public and private sector.• Mainly by public sector.• 4 years including 2 years of HO and 2 years

government service with public hospitals = public sector.

• Public covers ; hospitals, health centre, 1M clinic.

• Private sector = mainly in urban areas.

MALAYSIA UK

SECTOR Public/governmentprivate

NHSprivate

To whom: Public: Malaysian citizen (subsidize)Foreigners (need to be paid)Private : individually, fee-service

NHS : permanent residents which covered scotland, northern island, wales and england

Funding Government :subsidiesPrivate : insurance or own fund- Profit oriented

NHS : general taxation, governmentPrivate :insurance**NHS – provider & purchaser

GPs Private sector Primary care which is governed by the NHS. Could be for free or patient need to pay under insurance.

MO/specialist Majority in public sectorSome in private

Most of them would work with the NHS

MALAYSIA UK

Primary care Majority -Health clinic as it cheaper and more facilitiesGP – expensive, lack of facilities

**referrals

Done by the GPs – under NHS >>> free of charge.-Able to do more investigation as it is being paid by the NHS**referrals

foreigners Foreigners employed are charged with different rates

Foreigners can benefit from the NHS provided that they hold a valid visa issued for a minimum duration of 6 months

Transport cost Transport costs are not covered

covered for people with low income

Payment Payments in government clinics are standardized

Co-payments are according to specific age group

Government budgets Every year Budgets on NHS 3year cycle

The benefits of NHS

• anyone can receive the medical care they need, regardless of their age, circumstances or financial situation

• free of charge to most UK residents• receive advice from a pharmacist or the NHS

Direct telephone helpline

Care available• Unwell>>> the medical practitioner >> offer

the treatment options• Eg:. Can choose which of three local hospitals

the pt desire., female or male doctor, or see a practitioner able to speak your native language such as Urdu and request a home or water birth.

Fig. 6 Life expectancy at birth (both sexes) compared -2002 Infant Mortality Rate Under 5 mortality Rate (per 1000 live birth) (per 1000 live birth) 2002 2002MAL 8 MAL 8 UK 5 UK 7 Table 6. Comparison of mortality indicators of selected nations. (source: UNDP 2004