Health Business Services

HSE ESTATES

Brendan Redington

Estates Manager Quality & Standards

NZEB Application for Healthcare

• Nearly Zero-Energy Buildings, or NZEB are required under the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive.

• New buildings owned and occupied by Public Authorities after 31st December 2018 must be NZEB and from 31st December 2020 all new buildings will be required to be NZEB.

• The purpose of this seminar is to launch the NZEB specification to the public sector and designers for new buildings owned and occupied by Public Authorities which are to be completed after 31st December 2018 (i).

• The NZEB specification for Public Authorities can be applied to any new building to be owned and occupied by Public Authorities commencing design after the 1st January 2017.

• This seminar is relevant to all Public Authorities currently designing new buildings and to consultants involved in the design of new buildings. Major renovations will also be discussed at the event.

• Notes. (i). social housing will not be subject to the requirement to be NZEB by 31st

December 2018.

Part L Buildings other than Dwellings draft proposals

• Energy Performance of Buildings Directive(EPBD) • Part L Buildings other than Dwellings proposals • EPBD-NZEB: Article 9 Requirements include: • All new buildings to be “Nearly Zero Energy Buildings” by 31st Dec 2020 • Buildings owned and occupied by Public Authorities to be `Nearly Zero

Energy Buildings’ after 31st Dec 2018 • Major Renovations in Building Codes to be at Cost Optimal Level.

• Member states should take account of “the period of validity of building

permits, the length of construction and completion of building works” to avoid falling short of the NZEB target dates in the EPBD.

Part L Development

• TGD L Buildings other than Dwellings is currently under review to achieve detailed NZEB and includes Major Renovations performance requirement:

– Public Consultation –Early 2017

– Final Publication/SEAI calculation methodology NEAP-Mid 2017

– Application- apply from 2019

• NZEB Interim Specification for Public Buildings to be in place by end of 2016 to take effect for buildings commencing design in early 2017.

• Hence this performance specification with current NEAP calculation methodology available from SEAI for buildings commencing design from 1st January 2017.

• TGD L Dwellings 2011 to be amended to include NZEB Definition

EPBD Part L Development definition- Nearly Zero Energy Building

• ‘nearly zero-energy building’ means a building that has a very high energy performance, as determined in accordance with Annex I. The nearly zero or very low amount of energy required should be covered to a very significant extent by energy from renewable sources, including energy from renewable sources produced on-site or nearby;

Clause 1.3.3.3 from draft TGD Part L below needs to be changed to include healthcare

• 1.3.3.3

• These SFP values are appropriate for typical ventilated spaces intended for human occupancy. • Where specialist processes are involved or external pollution levels exceed those normally encountered • and, as a result, greater levels of filtration or air cleaning are required, higher SFPs may be • appropriate.

• In the context of this section “specialist processes” can be taken to include any activity which is not typical of the particular building use, which affects a significant area within the building, and where the resulting need for heating, ventilation or air conditioning is significantly different to that typical for the building.

• When assessing the performance of ACMV systems, areas where the existence or sizing of these systems is determined by process requirements should be excluded from the considered area, together with the plant capacity, or

• proportion of the plant capacity, that is provided to service those areas. Activities and areas in office • buildings considered to represent process requirements would include:

• - Staff restaurants and kitchens; • - Large dedicated conference rooms; • - Sports facilities; • - Dedicated computer or communications rooms.

Interim NZEB Performance Specification Calculation Methodology - Draft

• The methodology to be used for the calculation of the energy performance coefficient (EPC), carbon performance coefficient (CPC) and Renewable Energy Ratio (RER) based on the Interim NZEB.

• Performance Specification for new buildings owned and occupied by Public Authorities.

• As outlined in the Interim NZEB Performance Specification for new buildings owned and occupied by Public Authorities, the step by step methodology is as follows:

• 1. Calculate the performance of the proposed buildings in SBEM V3.5b using the Interim Public Sector

• Specification for fabric and services. This must be done manually using “table 1” from draft interim

• specification with same size and shape as actual building. This then becomes the reference building.

• 2. Calculate the performance of the actual building in SBEM V3.5b using the actual specification for fabric and services.

• 3. Compare the primary energy (kWh/m2/yr) and carbon dioxide emissions (kgCO2/m2/yr) between the building modelled with actual performance specification and the building modelled with the Interim

• Public performance specification.

• 4. Where the actual building performance specification has a primary energy performance equal to, • or • lower than the primary energy performance (kWh/m2/yr) of the same building modelled using the

• Interim Public Sector Specification it achieves the NZEB performance specification for energy i.e.

• EPC = Primary Energy of Actual Building • Primary Energy of reference building

• Must be equal to or less than MPEPC =1.0

• 5. Where the actual building performance has a carbon dioxide emissions performance equal to, • or • lower than 1.15 times the carbon dioxide performance (kgCO2/m2/yr) of the building modelled • using the Interim Public Sector Specification it achieves the NZEB performance specification for • carbon dioxide emissions.

• CPC = Primary Carbon Dioxide emissions of Actual Building • Primary Carbon Dioxide emissions of reference building

• Must be equal to or less than MPCPC =1.15

• 6. The Renewable Energy Ratio (RER) should equal 20% of the overall total energy performance

when calculated in SBEM.

TGD L-Buildings other than Dwellings- Draft Proposals

• Reference building parameters to be advanced in region of 50% to 60% improvement to achieve NZEB requirement.

• Renewable’s requirement will be included in TGD L Buildings other than Dwellings as ISO 52000 Renewable Energy Ratio (RER)-proposed 20%

• Air tightness testing to be required on all buildings. Backstop at

5m3/(hr.m2)

• Advanced services and lighting efficiencies (LENI) • Limitation of Solar Gain • Improved controls and BMS • Use of natural ventilation • Fabric backstops same as dwellings • Major Renovations to be included

TGD L Buildings other than Dwellings-The nearly zero or very low amount of energy required”

• New Backstops (W/m2K) as for TGD L-Dwellings:

– Pitched Roof 0.16

– Flat roof 0.2

– Walls 0.21

– Floors 0.21

– Windows 1.6

– Curtain walling 0.21

– Vehicle access doors 1.5

• Thermal Bridging -Use of ACDs or other certified details Default for specific junctions.

• Airtightness Backstops-5m3/(hr.m2)

• Efficient services and Building Controls

Checking Compliance using NEAP • TGD L 2008 compliance using NEAP 2008

• Reference building in NEAP used TGD L 2005 values

• New building was compared to TGD L 2005 reference building and had to achieve similar performance

• In the case of TGD L dwellings 2011 each individual building has to achieve a performance 60% better than TGD L 2005 ie. an MPEPC and MPCPC of 0.40 and 0.46

Checking Compliance using NEAP

• Proposed TGD L 2017 Compliance using NEAP 2017

• TGD L 2017 Reference building uses a set of performance parameters which represent an improvement of 50% to 60% across all buildings

• The new building will be compared to a reference building which uses these performance parameters representing a 50% to 60% improvement

• As the actual building now has to match the performance of an advanced performing reference building the MPEPC and MPCPC will be 1.0 and 1.15

Proposed performance requirements for TGD L 2017 Reference Building-Fabric

Parameter Current reference values-TGD L 2008

Proposed reference values-TGD L 2017/Public Sector Specification

Total Floor Area and Building Volume

Same as actual building Same as actual building

Opening Areas Offices and Shops –windows and pedestrian doors are 40% of the total area of exposed walls

Offices and Shops –windows and pedestrian doors are 40% of the total area of exposed walls

Walls U=0.27 W/m2K U=0.18 W/m2K

Roofs U=0.16 W/m2K U=0.15 W/m2K

Floor U=0.25 W/m2K U=0.15 W/m2K

Thermal bridging Add 16% to fabric heat loss Actual Length of Key Junctions x Advanced psi value

Air Permeability 10m3/(hr.m2) 5m3/(hr.m2) Floor area <250m2

3m3/(hr.m2) Floor area >250m2

Window U Value Solar energy transmittance

2.2 W/(m2K) 0.72

1.4 W/(m2K) 0.40

Services Parameter Current reference values-TGD L

2008 Proposed reference values-TGD L 2017/Public Sector Specification

Heating efficiency (heating and hot water)%

0.73 CoP 91% Gas Boiler

Cooling Seasonal Energy Efficiency Air conditioned building Ratio (SEER)

SEER=1.67 SEER=4.5

Lighting divide the illuminance by 100, then multiply by 3.75 W/m2 per 100 lux

65 lm/circuit watt

Occupancy Control Local Manual Switching Automated

Daylight Control Local Manual Switching Automated

Central Ventilation SFP 2 (W/(l/s)) 1.8 (W/(l/s))

Variable speed control of fans No Yes

Renewable Energy Ratio None 20% ?????

Without Renewable Energy

With Renewable Energy

Roof, Wall, Floor U values W/m2K

0.15, 0.2,0.16 0.15, 0.2,0.16

Window U values W/m2K 1.8 1.8

Air Permeability 3m3/(hr.m2) 3m3/(hr.m2)

Heating 92% Gas Boiler 92% Gas Boiler

Cooling SEER/SSEER 3.5/2.26 3.5/2.26

Central Ventilation SFP 1.5 w/(l/s) 1.5 w/(l/s)

Renewables 200m2 PV

RER 20%

Primary Energy kWh/m2/yr 180.21 142.73

CPC 0.66 0.50

EPC 0.66 0.52

Example(Use Software)

Note Primary Energy Factor =2.7 Calculations provided by Sustainable Engineering Solutions

Consideration Needs to be given to Healthcare Risks and Standards

• Infection Control Standards

• HIQA,HPSC Guidance, SARI

• HTM’s, HBN’s,Sustainability Guides for Hospitals

• Health & Safety Act.

• Risk Assessment & Controls

• Wording particular for hospital yet to be agreed and inserted

• Draft Part L needs to reference appropriate UK specific guidance for hospital as per Part B in Ireland.

• Draft Part L does state insofar as is reasonably practicable(P5 The requirement)

Challenges Ahead • Building Insulation levels:

• Draft Interim Specification for Public Sector Buildings.

• Detailed design/ calculations required

• Formal Design vetting and approval process required

• More Capital Cost/Cost Optimal data to be developed for hospitals/LCC.

• Up skilling Required

• (EXEED design, verified, maintained, excellent rating check may also be required by designers to achieve best design cost optimal! Using the principles of IS 399).

• Use iSBEM or for example IES dynamic modelling software.

Challenges ahead for hospitals • Glazing Ratio: • More vetting required re Architectural, M&E Design • Compliance with other existing standards including

Glare etc Solar Gain concerns. • Air Tightness: • Good for Aspergillosis prevention • Need to consider IAQ as most windows open 100mm • Cost Optimal/LCC appraisal to compare naturally

ventilated areas with LPHW radiators verses sealed windows and mechanically ventilated or air-conditioned?

• Less leakage and better U-Values indoor internal temperature in summer may rise.

Healthcare • New Projects currently in Design for A3.

• Some projects are in design stage and some recently completed.

• Need now to go back and redo calculations with NZEB criteria to check feasibility.

• With renewables, they must be economically viable to install and operate over the life of the plant.

• Healthcare Risks do need to be considered in hospitals i.e security and quality of supply.

Sustainability Master Planning

• Need to Master plan the site regarding energy efficiency , adjacencies, other service users.

• Look beyond the immediate site boundaries and make best use of local amenities.

• Plan layout and infrastructure strategically

Healthcare Guidance Documents • Sustainable Healthcare Building Guidelines • Health Technical Memorandum 07-02: Encode – Making

Energy Work in Healthcare)

Size/Type Healthcare

Good Practice

New / Refurbishment

Good Practice

Existing Buildings

Teaching & Specialist Hospitals

< 55

<65

General Acute Hospital

<52

<62

Community & Mental Health In

Patient Facility

<40

<50

Health Centre/Clinic

<25

<35

CHP draft calculations with assumptions

• Typical Hospital is 66% thermal & 34% Electrical

• Overall CHP efficiency 80 % efficient

• CHP 30% electrical efficiency.

• CHP 50% thermal efficiency

• Central boiler-house application26% of the hospital total load(T&E) provided by CHP.

• Central Boiler-house you have heat dump.

• New Block are stand-alone less HWS storage and higher recovery rates.

• NZEB less heat dump load in summer

• Need to co-ordinate between CHP & PV.

Challenges ahead for hospitals • Renewable: • Is 20% achievable for a large hospital site? • It must be economically viable to install?. • CHP is feasible dependent on spark gap and year round

heat dump load reqd. Don’t oversize it?. Check ESB Network requirement regarding long term paralleling.

• Is Natural Gas available locally and at the right pressure.

• Roof space required for PV and Solar thermal. Building height restriction’s, loss of top floor option for development

• Ground Source Heat Pump(dependant on ground condition’s, space and stable load. Low grade heat and supplemental heat source required).

• Air/Water Gas absorption heat pump is an Option(70 deg C).

Challenges ahead for hospitals

• Biomass probably best utilised via nearby district heating scheme. Backup boiler required.(N-Gas/Oil)

• Biomass and bio-fuel require increased storage, delivery and maintenance requirements(Energy Supply Contract).

• Concerns regarding established and reliable supply chains to maintain adequate reserves.

• With renewables obtain savings and reduce inefficiencies first before sizing plant.

• Wind again consider energy supply contract

Major Renovations

‘major renovation’ means the renovation of a building where: (a) the total cost of the renovation relating to the building envelope or the technical building systems is higher than 25 % of the value of the building, excluding the value of the land upon which the building is situated; or

(b) more than 25 % of the surface of the building envelope undergoes renovation;

Member States may choose to apply option (a) or (b).

Draft Major Renovation proposal

• Define as “more than 25% of the surface area of the building envelope undergoes renovation”

• Provide menu of measures to bring to cost optimal:

– Upgrade inefficient heating systems

– Upgrade inefficient cooling systems

– Upgrade inefficient lighting systems

Essential Requirements

• 1/Use Demand/Behaviour/Training

• 2/Monitoring & Targeting

• 3/Reduce Energy Demand

• 4/Efficient Design

• 5/Apply Sustainable Energy Sources

• 6/Efficient Use of Fossil Energy

• 7/Energy Efficient Operation & Maintenance

Costs • Performance requirements are based on cost optimal

reports published in accordance with EPBD:

• http://www.housing.gov.ie/housing/building-standards/energy-performance-buildings/energy-performance-buildings

• Table 5.3a of Non Residential Cost Optimal Report provides Initial Investment Costs for the energy related costs for different performance levels for 5 buildings(hospitals not included)We need to develop this further with the Dept and do some real live examples.

Next Steps • Public Sector Interim Specification to be issued in coming weeks for buildings

owned and occupied by Public Authorities after 31st Dec 2018

• DHPCLG meeting with OPW,DES and HSE to develop specification

• Public Consultation of TGD L and Regulatory Impact Assessment by year end/start Jan

• Non Domestic Energy Assessment Procedure to go for public consultation simultaneously

• Close of Public Consultation End of March

• Publication by mid 2017

• TGD L 2017 to apply by start of 2019

• Update HSE design team appointment specification and project briefs and compare NZEB against A3 calculation rating.

• Urgently need for cost optimal study to include hospitals.