TESOL 2009

DEBORAH HEALEYdhealey@uoregon.edu

http://www.deborahhealey.com/

The Beginnings… from Vision to Reality and Beyond

A teacher trainer’s perspective

Different perspectives

CALL teacher training since 1984 Teacher, administrator, techie and tech coordinator,

doctoral student

TESOL, ELI, Yemen, elsewhere in the worldDistance education to Iraq

Diffusion of innovations

http://riccistreet.net/port80/charthouse/present/diffusion.htm

1984 TESOL Summer Meeting:Computer Concepts for ESL Students

Programming in BASIC “Real reality” Task-based learning Western writing

Using Vic-20s

1. A foreign student may enter the university if he or she meets any of the following criteria: The student has a TOEFL over 550. The student has a TOEFL over 500 and wants to be an undergraduate.

The student has a TOEFL of at least 450, wants to be an undergraduate, and has completed 15 hours with a B average.

Write a program that will check whether a person may enter the university. The program should print out

YOU MAY ENTER THE UNIVERSITY orYOU MAY NOT ENTER THE UNIVERSITY THIS TERM

2. Modify the program above. Have the program print out the person’s name, then whether he/she may or may not enter the university, then say why— TOEFL is too low, or not enough credits, or grades are too low.

 Watch out for the GOTO statements on this one! You will need a lot of them.

1984 NAFSA Region I

Beyond Programmed Learning: What else to do with computers in the classroom Applications Simulations Games

CP/M, AppleDOS

CAMEL

Yemen 1985-1988

Student enthusiasmTeachers …

Grammar Mastery Word-processing – MacWrite, Bank Street Writer

1987 TESOL Workshop for Newcomers to CALL

With Claire Bradin, Ellen Smith in 1987; others later

The things we thought teachers needed to know…

1989 TESOL Introduction to CALL

The first thought teachers had was about teaching grammar with computers, then maybe vocabulary

Word-processing (Bank Street Writer)Quest (simulation)Decision Maker (discussion tool)Crossword Creator (teacher tool)

1996 TESOL PCI on the Internet

Email using Pine – a command-line interface

Mailing lists – TESL-LNetscape for news and browsingSlower speed: Gopher and Lynx

Ron Corio, Jim Duber, Tom Robb, Tim Rushing, Maggie Sokolik

1998-2003 Oregon K-12 schools

Around 2001 - Elementary school, Oregon coast Apple IIe’s, little software, no training

ESL students the least well served by technology in K-12 schools

Constraints Concerns about Internet safety Need to teach to the test

WebQuests as a good solution

2007 TESOLNewcomers’ Orientation to CALL

http://www.deborahhealey.com/tesol2008/newcomers.htmlNeeds assessmentTeacher resources – Internet and softwareSocial webLab – one-computer classroom – individual

use

Susanne McLaughlin and Deborah Healey

Oregon-Iraq Distance Education Project

Reminder of enormous disparitiesPower outages; Internet outages; lack of

repair facilities; lack of resources for classrooms for most

Decades of neglectProject-based learning, one-computer

classroom were new concepts for manyhttp://aei.uoregon.edu/de/iraqelt/

Roles of Computers and Teachers

Roles of Computers and Teachers

Typologies help us understand

Robert Taylor – tutor, tool, tutee for CAI (1980)John Higgins – magister and pedagogue (1987

and earlier) for CALL programsMacey Taylor & Laura Perez– knower of the

right answer, workhorse, stimulus (1989)Mark Warschauer – behavioristic,

communicative, integrative CALL (1996+)Stephen Bax – restricted, open (now),

integrative (“normalized” – in the future) CALL (2003)

ICT4LT Module 1.4: Introduction to CALL

Graham Davies: “While presentation features such as full-colour graphics, sound and video have improved in leaps and bounds there has been an increasing tendency to neglect features such as discrete error analysis, feedback and branching. The trend today seems to be towards a point-and-click-let's-move-on-quick approach”

Overview of 25 Years

Constant movement from innovators => early adopters

=> early majority => late majority Email, word-processing, and the web

=>Web 2.0+=>ubiquitous computing

Constants over 25 years

Teachers want what’s best for their studentsTeachers have constraints

Time to learn Safe space to practice Resources

Training, access to appropriate material, equipment, learning space, support

Systematic barriersmandated syllabi, testing, “no noise”

It’s a cycle

ignorance toboggans into know

and trudges up to ignorance again

(ee cummings, One Times One, 1944:39)