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HEADQUARTERS BERLIN COMMAND

Office of the AC of S , G- 2 APO 742 US For ces

G2 DIVISIO!!! BERLIN COMMAND INTELLIGENCE SUMMARY

311600 Au~ 61 - 71600 Sep 61 ( ISUI! #10 )

1. (C) SOVIET FORCES

a . Reference WISe 35. Rota~ion of Soviet dependents has thus f a r been conBidered ae 8 part of the normal seasonal pattern .

2 . (C) EAST GERMAN ARMY FORCES

8 . Reference DISC 148 . Sightings confirm the presence of a motor:;'zed r~_fle regiment in the East Berlin 81ea. ':hile suh ­ordinat~on is still unclear, it is probobly the 16th Guards Mot or­ized Rifle Regiment from Bad -Freicnwalde or the 17th Guards Motor­ized Rifle Regiment, both from the 6th Guards hlatorizcd Rifle Div ­ision .

3 . (C) GARR!SO!! SE.C1121!Y F~~CES

a . Reference D:S~ 14B~ ~t.ere is fUrther indication of reinforcement of the V B8P Hrigade, D~f0~C rOlnforcement most BSP comptmies were under stre~gth. It is prObable t::tot all companies are being increased to full strength of three 30-man platoons. It is estimtited that the 'I BSP Brigade has received a minimuill of 600 BSP personnel a~d 900 Security Alert Police since 10 August. I t is possible that the SAP reinforcements were only temporary for the Berlin border closing action .

02 BERLIN COMMAND CCMhlE~~1 This information substantiates observations made along the Sector/Sector and Sector/Zonal borders recently, and serves to explain why there has been an otherwise inexplicable mixture of SAP and asp personnel along the border .

b . Reference DISC 148. Defector reports indicat~ that B~rder Security Police will assume control of the East/West Berlin sector bordor . Since the East German regime consid~rs the sector border as a national border , control by BSP is l:gicul. The only new units reported in East Berlin are three civilian police batt ­alions formed from 1000 personnel attending police Bchool in As­cherslebcn . These units are pcrt~rm1n6 gu~rd duty on the sector border in Berlin - Mittc and Pankow ~roa .

DO·"NGRADED AT 12 YEAR n~iSHVALS nOT AUTOMATICALLY D:;CLL'.SSIPIID

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G2 DIVISIon , BERLIN COMM}.ND , INTELLIGEIICE SU1!1J.'.RY 1600 1 Sep 61

c. Referenc e WISe 35 . SAP defector reports concerning instructions and guard orders are i nteresting. Significant portions are summarized 8S follows I do not shoot a t '·iest Berlin ­ers or Americans j do not shoot at East Berliner s 1ibo have suff ­iCiently crossed into '\'lest Berlinj observe and r eport license plate numbers of Am~rican vehicl es .

4 . (C) ACCESS SITUATION

a . Railways: No Communist activity iden tifiable as deliberate attempts by the East Germans to int erfer e with railway operations hav cl occurred during the period , although some int er ­f erences f or technical r essens have occur ed. These interferences are attributable t o the fact that railway employees who defect must be replaced by others, and th8 pool for r eplacements is tipparently inadequate . Some delay in train schedules resultod from ~ n ill ­egal oct on the part of the engine crew in passing a r cd block signal . This , too, is assessed as being a techniccl matter and not harrussmont.

(1) On 2 Sep 61 , VoPo's halted a US Officer travel ­ling west on tho Autcbohn, The Officer ~V{\S Qccu3,~d of passing in a tlno passL1£ zone!! , and was requesteJ. to psy /j 10 mark fine. The captain denied t,he cha:-gc and rcquost 'd to sec a Soviet officer. A Soviet officer did not appcnr , and th, captAin was permitted to proceed .

(2) On 4 Sap 61 , 3 Americ~n w"'men from Ste to Dopt, American Embassy , Bon"), w(~re hfilt;?d by 4 E!.!st Germa n cfficinls at Marienhorn checkpo:::'nt . The East German officials demanded to see their passports , but the women r efused and diJm.!1ndcd t o Scl9 a Soviet officer . ~ Soviet officer arrived and informed them tha t they should have sho....-n their passports to tha East G\::r!nsn officials . Thcy were then allowed to prcceed , howcver, when they reachcld the Chockpoint at Helmstedt th ey r elayed th e information th~t the v ery some thing had occurred on thei r wpy into B0rlin , 2 days prior .

c . hir Corridors:

Omitted

d. Ea st Berlin :

(1) Reference WISe 35 . Traffic Obstacles a t Fried ­r ichstrasse crossinG point h~ve been roduced to two . This suggests

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G2 DIVISION. BERLIN COMMAND, INTELLIGENCE SUMt.:"RY 1600 7 Sep 61

tha t control a pparatus is becoming more efficient and 0 need for artificial means to slow truffie loss important .

(2) Reference DISC 147. U.S. milit ary vehicles ~ nd civilian vehicles continu ~ to visit East Berlin without major incid ent . Minor inte rferences ho v~ occurred but th es e have invol ­ved non -Herlin personnel who, for a ssorted rea sons , ha ve ac tually or a llegedly violut~d traffic ordinances in East Berlin . Some of th ese persons became involved in officiel relations with Eas t Germans, and in one cose, pa id a fin e contrary to ex13tin g policy ","'hieh prohibits such actions.

(3) Reference WISe 35 . Ulbricht .a llegedly sta ted tha t the mflj or portion of th e operation of "Block Enst Bf! rlin" l:!ga inst tl agerl~ssiv e n West Berlin has proba bly been Cllncluded . Communists havu attempt ed to ha r ass a nd e ven stop •. lli ad trov e l in East Berlin, but h(.Ove not pe rsist ed in a ny flction when the ?lest indica t ed it s r esolve to insist a t its rights .

(4) Refer e nce ';':ISC 35. Th~ Tar df'r Helmat r al ly h el d in ~~st Berlin during thD po riod 2-3 Seotemb~r was 0 small ­sC3 l c e x e rcis e compared to re';[:!nt yerlrs, :r ~eivod small pr3ss cov ­e r age attention , .nd h~s pa"a .... c wj.thl)ut p":'·f;l';~.pitating :- pretext fo r a tempor'.3rY D()rlin S;;!ctor/Zonel tr~,7.1 l".:st:"·iction on ~~ll i t:;l tl comm~rcial cir trf:ffic as WItS con Did r ~d possiblc in some quort .:l rs r

(5) In E~st Berlin in the vicinity of Inst Al l at ions 71 4102 e nd ";4101 , 0 c ivilian USBER offici 1 trr.nsited, in his private v eh i cle , th e area to thEt cr.s t of Biesdorf Compound, which was th~ SCGne of the 30 ~ugust detention of th e 3d Bo ttl e Group pn trol. This devclopcent is of p:'rticuler interest since th e USBER offici31 W'\S no~ only '\blo to pass throug h tho n~eo d c ~ limited by the signs I'es'~ricting foreign milit ary missions , but his pr~Ss8lJe VI,IS f ac ili t o t ed by Ellst Germ::;.n G~rrison Sueuri ty per ­sonnel , who vigorously waved him on . Since 4 September , shpllow penctrctions h t. v e been ef f ec t ed without objcctionabl~ sffec ts so f'r . It appea r s th 'l t th e dot· ntion l as t vleek e nd the result,,:,nt protest of the United States Commtnd6nt mcy well have discourngod tho E:"dlt Gcrmr.ns froe th E:i r Arbitr fl ry ncts in control of US pers­onn el in East Berlin . ~ pa trol ~rs det a ined on 7 September, how­ev e r it was th e feeling of th e pat rol that th e ir detQntion woo a mist~ke mad~ by SAP pe rsonnel who we re not informed DS to just what manner to trea t th e patrol.

e . Cnn"lls l

Omitted

f . Tclecommunic8tior.s :

Omitt ed

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G2 DIVISION , BERLIN Cmn,;.Hffi , INTELLIGENCE SUUI.\RY 1600 7 Sep 61

g . U-BahnR , S- Bnhns l

(1) Reference DISC 147 . Extensive dem~ge to S- Bohn cars from vcriou8 c~usas appenrs to be well Bstcblished . This d~mBge , attributable to irate West Berliners , will rosult in a reduct i on the number of cars in sorvice in West Derlin . This reduction could be misconstruod os on effort to deny sorvice , but it app(wrs to rc:sult from the darn3ge . Ecst Gerc1ny continues to be interested in maintnining S- B&hn servico since it is , even under reduced lond , a gr eat source of r evenue .

5. (C) ROSrILE RECONNAISSANCE :

Hostile reconnaissance potrols continue to w.~intcin Bllrveillonce of installations in iVest Borlin . hn approxim9te av~rsge of ; Soviet vehiclcs per day cnt_r West Berlin

6 . (C) REFUGEES

n . Reference DI SC 148 . 184 rcfugc8s were rl'gistered at l>brienfclde on 7 Scptem"her 1961 . Totr:..I.. .:t.;gistr tiOllS for hugust tohl some 36,855 - The grcnt ... :'7 bulk brrhej before 13 August . Th~ dnl1y <'vcrnge of regis~rntio;1 of per3C!1S "'ho croased since 1 hUgust is 112 . The aer~.t 1 movet:.::nt of refugees h a correspon ­dingly been dr"stic: lly reduced .

7. (C) POPUL"TtON ,,~TITUDES

e . Reforence DISC 147 . Discentcn t and dispnir continues unchc.nged 1n both Ellst Berli:l nnd in the East Zone . Employment in ERst Berlin is st:ll dJfficult to obtfiin . Strong opposition still exists in yout~ circles t~wHrd nrL~y rocruitmon't .

b . Reference DISC 147 . Purchasing power ~f Eqst German popul'.tion is r(:port~dly in excess of goods 8vail'.ble f:.r ,?urch'1se. Steps to r~duc the oxcess purchasing power such ~3 encour~ged s~vings are not sufficient to reduce the excess . Efforts to re ­store balanco auch as incresses in price commodities or ~age re­ductions :lre"due to thei r r1d v erse propcgonda effect, unlikely . Rumors of exchange, curr ent in E:Jst Germany plong with war scare , hAve led to ponic - buying end ho<.', r ding . The fOGd supply is not necessarily ample throughout tho Z0'fl6 . It is b.:.liovtd the Ef:st Gcrro~n Regime is onxious to i mpr ove the supply in industri~l areDS where lu r ge nUr.lbers of wor kers are concentr.<>tcd e.nd where tha d'lngcr of [Jctive opposition to the r egime is p~.rticul~rly greet .

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G2 DIVISIO:q I BERLIN COMMAND , H'l'ELLIGENCE Smf:V~RY 1600 7 Sep 61

c. Reference DISC 148 . Enst German efforts to r educ e the opportunity for East Berliners t . listen to West Garmnn TV progr~ms continue . TSHIDS of FDJ hove app~r en tly been tra ined and equipped to I);'lke r ecept ion of th Ei s O progrRms impossibl e . This is nn .,c t on t he part of th e Com~unists for complete subjugation of th e Eost Garmnn populetion .

d . Rofer(;nCcl WISe 35. While the mAjority of Ec.st Germans are r eported in a state of dispair and shock, most individu ~ 18 from ll r ril(Jd forces ond Garrison Security Forces have so far r cm:' ined rc­Ibblc , even shooting at their own cOl:!po.triots ott .::mpting to fl ee . Some few hB v e used the ir positions as border guards ~8 An oppor ­tunity to escape . Flights from a rmed services und police forc es h: ve incr e~s8d , oxcept th~t no app r eciable defec tion hLs oc~urred among E~st Ger~'n ~rmy end none from Soviet forceS6 Th~ SED is continuing to intimj,dllta ond r cgif.lont the populotion withinL·the Soviet Zon~. Opposition is ruthl essly oppressed , and authorities have been quick to support their e.c tions by " law '! (See J~1)

8 . (C) ?ROP~GAND ..

a . Reference DISC :.48. ~he sh,'l:p :r~duct ion in refugee fly-outs materifllly deprec~.f'~(;:3 E'Jst Gcn,~:!l .Jleims of abuse of the ni r corridors for this pu=pose .

b . Reference WISC 35 . ~.n"l (}unccm mt by the Soviet Union , prior to the Unconmi tted I~f tions Conf£.rencE; in BeIGr~d" , that th ey intendod to rt.!su:zIa nucl ci r te3ting hEl9 hCld considerDble impact upon Berlin . It is difficult to underst~nd why this announc cme~t was mode ~ t this tim e except insofo r as it could be considered t ~rror tlJctics to shock both th e West out of their solid'.rity llnd diseour~Jge the uncot.I.i.tH:d n"l.tions f r oD ndupt1ng C posl-tion contra=-y to thu .soviet Union. Th~.1:"t.; 15 no vis~bl(: shckening of uni ted re­solve on tbe pllrt of thd V'(;st, but the uff ae t on th e Belgr'!da con­f er une·: !!l'1jo" hlive been !:IS vms pll:nned . Conf renee cor:lI:lUnlques thus f ~r h~ve failed to censure the Soviet Union for this r ~9umption of nuclo":r testing wi th ~Jny degr eG of th e firr.:ness which the in­dividu(,l mer.:ibers hLd expressed .

c . On 26 August , the Coo:::Junist East Ge r IllFn radio bega n b C!.JI:Ii ng 0 special prop/.g~·nc~ bra'ldcllst especially :l io ed a t the US Forc~s in B~rl in. The broade~9t 8 a r e in English, and many of the COwmentaries '.re diructly a i med a t members of th e Comrnnnd. The at'ltion calls itself "0 P S, The Real Voic e o f Informa tion a nd Ed­uC~ltion", {.nd "1S :J humorous sidelight h~s a thece-song of uD 6n ' t Ftmce Me In It. The progrcQ is brondc8 at overy ev en ing a t 2345 hrs , 1380 on the nM di1 .

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02 DIVISIOK J BERLIN CDilThl ... ND . INTELLIGENCE SUMM;,RY 1600 7 5cp 61

9 . (C) OBST;CLES "liD B •. RRIERS

a . Reference DISC 148 . Nb major chRnges in the Berlin situt~tion in the post T.eek. Construction of the barbed wire fences &round West Berlin is continuing although a t this time there ore still stretches of Sector/Zon.c"l border which a r e not fenced .

02 BERLIN COMM)'1"D C01ll,~ENT : In one locality in the south of the ,l.meric.:.ln Sector in the vicinity of Buckow there is EI 60-ynrd stretch of electrical fence . There are no other reports of this type of construction elsewhere in the Berlin orea .

10. (C) NEW ~l.nRIEL IDENTIFIC."lION

Omitted

11. (C) !fE';. UNIT mEETIFIC;. TIONS

,-,Omitted

12. (C) '.IR "CTIVITY

Omitted

Omitted

14 . (C) COUNTERINTELLIGENCE

15 . (C) lHSCEJ.kNEOUS

a . D; .. raa:=.oen+' of l!llied person!'hJl:

Omitted

b . East German Proclamativns :

(1) Reference ~ISC 35. East Germany published a dccroe on 25 .. ugust which authorized limited residence to persons suspected or convict~d of threatening public order or safety . The new law gives OPl)ortunity for the regime to control its labor pool completely and is directed primarily again Dt worker groups considered un ­reliable, such as border crossers and , among farmers, those ~ho have passive:ly r.::sisted collectivization . This action increases the control instituted bt the time of the dec l ared harvest emergency published on 28 ~,ueust . (See ISUl...i 'f19)

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G2 DIVISION , BERLIN COM1!;.lm , INTELLIGE:lCE SU.1M.;RY 1600 7 Sep 61

d . News Items

Omittod

d . Soviet Visits to Bord~r

Omitted

e . DanGerous Cro'i':d ~,ctions ThreatEning US or Allied Security

Omit ted

f . ForecAst of Possible Future Commun i st t10ves

(1) Reference DISC 148 . US~REUR sourcry cla ims that very rcc',ntly Seat German official stated in private conversation that there would not bid W1lr c.,vl:r Berlin . Source a160 sta ted that both sides .re trying to suva foce . He referred to thu Sector/ Sector bord .. r of Berl in as th(; "Stato border of Berlin tl and added that East Derlin is not subject to any negotiations sinco the sit ­mltion in D,~rlin is now IInormal" Dnd the West hod not suffGr(}d from the lj iJugust bord8::' closi~.1g. This opiniCl:l is cO!1sietent with general Communist v:t.e .... th l)t th1 Four - Pow",::.' Eltatus is dcari , thnt East Derlin is the cf.pital of E~ st G",rmany , £ond thnt the Sector border is th e border of the E~st Ger~An state .

G2 BERLH: C011M.:,r;n C01-!MEKl' I Othc:;os, including iHlli Brandt , feel that flnothe r s<'Jrious Communist Bct I'oill take pluce in the near futUre in berlin . 15rf.nd t sets th0 tim€l as "sometime be:fore 17 September!!. It mDy be a coincidancG thot 17 Septemb~r is the time for the FGdl .. ral Republic eloc tions ond those in East Germany .

16. (C) SUM!l.J~Y CF SIGrlIFIC.,NT DF,7ET·OPMEt!1.b

Omi tted

DISTRlBUTI C11 , 1 - CG, BC 1 - IO/USCOB 1 - G2 , French 1 - G (Int) British 1 - US!:LM 1 - .. S3 G- 2 1 - 2d BG, 6th lnf 1 - ,d BG , 6th Inf 1 - Sp Trps I - 1st BG , 18th Inf 1 - PlI

1 - 10, DC 1 - G1 ,BC 1 - G" BC 1 - G4 , BC 4 - C2 , nc

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