hdpe 101 alliance annual meeting performance ......astm f2620 standard practice for heat fusion...
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Alliance Annual MeetingDecember 6th 2017HDPE 101 Performance Characteristics, Features and CasesPeter Dyke, Murray Sullivan
SPECIAL THANKS
Jimmy Dang, PE
SPECIAL THANKS
Murray Sullivan
Alliance Membership
LEAK-FREE CONVEYANCE
6
LEAK FREE SYSTEM
CORROSION RESISTANT
REDUCED MAINTENANCE
LONG SERVICE LIFE
TOUGH/DUCTILE/FLEXIBLE
Why Use HDPE?
SUPERIOR SEISMIC RESISTANCE
RECENT EARTHQUAKES: IMPLICATIONS FOR U.S. WATER UTILITIES (#4408, 2012)
JOHN EIDINGER G&E ENGINEERING SYSTEMS INC., OAKLAND, CA 94611
CRAIG A. DAVIS LOS ANGELES DEPARTMENT OF WATER & POWER
Water Research Foundation
WRF IS THE WORLD'S LARGEST AND MOST WELL-RESPECTED RESEARCHORGANIZATION DEVOTED TO DRINKING WATER RESEARCH …..….HELPSWATER UTILITIES, PUBLIC HEALTH AGENCIES AND OTHER PROFESSIONALORGANIZATIONS....
Concepcion, Chile 2010• History of quakes w/ significant damage
8.8 earthquake• 3000 pipelines severely damaged• Essbio began replacing pipelines in 2001
HDPE Pipes survived while other systems did not
• Water System: 1700 line breaks in 1700 km• CBD leveled, Extensive liquefaction • New HDPE lines did not fail. All nearby pipelines failed• 170 km PE gas lines all survived
FOUR 6.0 QUAKES IN 15 MONTHS 2010-11
CHRISTCHURCH, NZ
HDPE PIPES SURVIVED ALL 4 QUAKES
• Fault displacement up to 260 vertical feet (O’Rourke)• Shaking lasted 3 – 5 min w/ 10 – 25 cm, world axis shift• Most Pipe failures caused by pulled joints• 600 million times more
powerful than Hiroshima
9.0 EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI
TOHUKU PREF, JAPAN
NO HDPE FAILURES
• THOUSANDS OF DEATHS
• BILLIONS IN DAMAGE
• SEVERE PIPE DAMAGE
Water Research FoundationCommon Denominators
NO reported HDPE failures
NAPA CA 2014
US SEISMIC PERFORMANCE
6.0 Earthquake caused 132 bell and spigot Breaks……Napa Sanitation had many miles of HDPE and NO HDPE failures
Napa does not use HDPE
THIRD PARTY VERIFICATIONCORNELL UNIVERSITY
• Dr. Thomas O’Rourke
Expert: - geotechnical engineering- earthquake engineering; - construction technology, - authored over 350 publications
IF IT WORKS IN A QUAKE………
SEISMIC FLEXIBILITY
4’ Shift
35’ PIPE
Large Scale Fault
Rupture Simulation
Four foot fault event
16” DR 11
SEISMIC FLEXIBILITY
The experimental evidence confirms… HDPEpipelines… accommodate severe deformationassociated with earthquake-induced groundrupture……Cornell Report
HIGH PERFORMANCE WATER PIPE
“SEISMICALLY RESISTANT”
HDPE IN THE NEWS
HDPE IN THE NEWS
HDPE IN THE NEWS
HDPE IN THE NEWS
Corporate Use
De Halve Maan: Enough beer to fill 12,000 bottlesan hour is flowing in a 2 mile HDPE beer mainunder the medieval streets of Bruges, Belgium
BEER MAIN
De Halve Maan: Enough beer to fill 12,000 bottlesan hour is flowing in a 2 mile HDPE beer mainunder the medieval streets of Bruges, Belgium
Fusion
CORROSION FREE
HIGH PERFORMANCE WATER PIPE
DIP w/ HDPE Wrap
Photo by Chuck Seal
Flexible
SURGE IS ADDITIVE
HDPE AND SURGE
670 psi up to 335 psi DR7
0
100
200
300
400
500
Pres
sure
(psi)
1.5 X
2.0 X
e.g. DR11
ENGINEER’S PACKAGE
Bead Removal
Situational
Bead Removal
Pipe Gets Hot
1. PE has Higher Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (ɑ) than other Piping Materials2. PE Has Lower Modulus of Elasticity than other Piping Materials3. PE Thermal Expansion ≈ 1 in/10°F/100 ft
Piping Material Coeff. Thermal
Exp/Cont, (α) in/in-oF
ElasticModulus
(E)psi
Stressσ=αEΔT
psi
Carbon Steel 6.1 x 10-6 29 x 106 177ΔTStainless Steel 9.1 x 10-6 28 x 106 255ΔTPolyethylene 80 X 10-6 0.065 x 106 5.2ΔT
Force to Required to Prevent Thermal Expansion?
• PE 4710 resin recognized from 4” to 65” for Potable Water use.
• Pipe and fittings are considered leak free
• Safety Factor Change
• Working pressures are recognized to 335 psi.
• Enhanced surge capability • 1.5 times pressure for regular surges and • 2 times pressure class for occasional surges
C906-15 an American National StandardC 906-15
AWWA C-901 Standard for ½” – 3” water serviceAWWA C-906 Standard for 4” – 65” water serviceAWWA M-55 Design and Installation of HDPE Pipe
Standards, Notes & GuidelinesAWWA
ASTM ASTM F714 Standard Spec for HDPE Pipe based on Outside DiameterASTM D3035 Standard Spec for HDPE Pipe based on Controlled Outside DiameterASTM F2620 Standard Practice for Heat Fusion (Butt Fusion) of HDPE PipeASTM D3350 Standard Spec for PE Plastic Pipe and Fittings MaterialsASTM F1055 Standard Spec for Electrofusion Type Polyethylene Fittings
PPI Handbook of Polyethylene Pipe, 626 pages, www.plasticpipe.orgPPI EF Manual 2015 <12”PPI TN-34 Guidellines for EF couplingsPPI TN-41 High Performance HDPE for Municipal WaterPPI TN-44 Long Term Resistance of HDPE to DisinfectantsPPI TN-49 Service Tubing GuidelinesPPI TN-54 Squeeze Off Guidelines
NSF
Plastic Pipe Institute
NSF/ANSI 61 Standard for Drinking Water Components – Health EffectsNSF/ANSI 14 Standard for Plastics Piping System Components and Related Material
PPI – plasticpipe.org
Handbook of Polyethylene Pipe Material PropertiesPipe and FittingsSpecs and TestingDesignUndergroundJoiningHDD, Lining, Bursting
Alliance for PE PipeResources
RT 132 Transmission Main Replacement
– Towns of Cambridge and White Creek NY
– Phase I - 5700’– Replacing 8” Steel with 12”
HDPE– Open Cut, Drilling– Butt Fusion, ElectroFusion
Trench Width Requirements
Nominal Pipe Size Trench Width<3" 12"
3 - 24" OD + 12">24" OD + 24"
e.g. 10” IPS needs
22” Trench
10 + 12 = 22” min(24” bucket typ.)
ASTM D2321
Greenlee Marker Balls – Spaced Every 20’ – 1’ Above Pipe
Nominal Pipe Size Max Particle Size2 - 4" 1/2"6 - 8" 3/4"
10 - 15" 1">= 16" 1.5"
e.g. 10” IPS permitsMax 1” particle size
ASTM D2321
HDPE Embedment Requirements
Embedment
Pipe Laying
Horizontal Directional Drilling• Controlled borepath horizontal drilling• Used for crossing rivers, lakes, roads, etc., and where open cut is
not feasible or cost effective• ASTM F 1962; PPI Handbook, 2nd Ed., Ch. 12• PPI BoreAid Software – www.plasticpipe.com
FixedPositionReelPipeCoil
PipeStraightener/Rerounder
DirectionalBoringMachine
Bore-Aid
Installation Loads• Bore path curvature generally controlled by drill rod• Pipe pulling load depends on
– friction between pipe and ground at entry– pipe to bore hole friction– weight of pipe / buoyancy (air vs. water filled)– frictional drag due to slurry
Under I-5
Sliplining
• Pull, push, or push/pull new PE into deteriorated main
• Pressure: insertion renewal• Non-pressure: sliplining
Sliplining
Gouges
Pipe Bursting Defined?The breaking of an existing pipe, expanding the broken pipe shards into the surrounding soil ………
while simultaneously pulling in the new HDPE line
Pipe Bursting Benefits
• Installs a new seamless pipe
• Ability to upsize• Eliminates up to 85% of excavation • Follows the path of the existing
utility
• Less disturbance to traffic patterns • Often more cost effective than
open trench replacement • Proven technology with 70,000,000
feet installed worldwide
Key Pipe Bursting Benefit
20% - 40% less costly
Depth of Cover• A minimum of 4 foot of cover
should be used when upsizing 1 size
• Greater cover should be used if upsizing more than one size
• Or, do the math yourself: Head is 3” larger in Dia. then add upsize inches
• Head + upsize = X
X * 10” = proper cover depth
Impact Zone Formula
• Head + upsize = X
X * 10” = proper cover depth
HOST
PRIMARY
80%
SECONDARY
e.g. 1 Upsize w/ 6” Host Pipe and 8” HDPE.
Head = 3” + 2” = 5” 5 x 10” = 50” vertical impact
Host Materials• Cast Iron• Clay tile• PVC
• Concrete• Reinforced
Concrete• Asbestos Cement
• Ductile Iron • Steel
IPBA Project Classification
Class Depth of Pipe
Existing Pipe
Diameter
New Pipe Diameter Options
Burst Length
Class A <12 ft 4” – 12”Size for Size to 1 upsize
0 – 350 ft
Class B >12 ft < 18 ft 12” – 20” 2 upsizes 350 – 450 ft
Class C > 18 ft 20” – 36” 3 or more upsizes > 450 ft
Upsizing
Soil Conditions
Pneumatic Bursting Job Site Layout
Pneumatic Burst
Bursting Setup – Push out rod
Attach Tooling/Pipe
Pull Back
Shuttle Rods
Equipment Selection
• High tonnage static pull back force
Ø 38 ton (2” – 6” pipe)Ø 58 ton (2” – 8” pipe)Ø 80 ton (3” – 12” pipe)Ø 100 ton (3” – 18” pipe)Ø 125 ton (4” – 20” pipe)Ø 175 ton (6” – 32” pipe)
Static Pipe Bursting Systems
• Ductile SlitterØDuctile ironØSteel
In the Field
Operational Video
Double Blade Set vs Cast Iron Valve