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OTHM Ltd Professional HD4

Information Systems andTechnologies

MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS- SESSION 1

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Learning Objectives

At the end of this session students will be ableto:

Understand what a system is and specifically aninformation system ISEvaluate systems within a T&H context and specificallyto identify any feedback and control loops.Show the resources that are necessary for an IS tooperate.

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Information Systems Framework

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Information Systems Framework

Foundation Concepts. Fundamental behavioral, technical,business, and managerial concepts about the components and rolesof information systems.Information Technologies. Major concepts, developments, andmanagement issues in information technology this is hardware,

software, networks, data resource management, and many Internetbased technologies.Business Applications. The major uses of information systems for the operations, management, and competitive advantage of abusiness, including electronic business, commerce, collaborationand decision making using the Internet, intranets, and extranets.Development Processes. How business professionals andinformation specialists plan, develop, and implement informationsystems to meet business opportunities.Management Challenges. The challenges of effectively andethically managing information technologies, strategies, and securityat the end user, enterprise, and global levels of a business.

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What is an IS?

System is a group of interrelated or interacting elementsforming a unified whole, ORA group of interrelated components working together toward a common goal by accepting inputs andproducing outputs in an organised transformationprocess (dynamic system).Information Systems can be any organised

combination of people, hardware, software,communications networks, and data resources thatcollects transforms, and disseminates information inan organisation.

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Components of an Information System

Three basic interacting components:InputProcessing (transformation process)Output

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Control and Feedback

The system concept becomes even more useful byincluding two additional components: Feedback is data about the performance of a system Control involves monitoring and evaluating feedback to

determine whether a system is moving toward theachievement of its goal.

A system with feedback and control components issometimes called a cybernetic system, that is: Self-monitoring Self-regulating

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Other System

CharacteristicsSystem exists and functions in an environment containing other

systems. If a system is one of the components of a larger system, it is a subsystem, and the larger system is its

environment.Several systems may share the same environment. Some of

these systems may be connected to one another by means of a shared boundary, or interface.

System that interacts with other systems in its environment is anopen system .

System that has the ability to change itself or its environment inorder to survive is an adaptive system.

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Components of an IS

Network ResourcesCommunications Media and Network Support

System Activities

Control of System Performance

Storage of Data Resources

Input of

Data

Resources

Processing

Data into

Information

Output of

Information

Products

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People Resources

End Users (also called users or clients) arepeople who use and information system or theinformation system it produces. Most of end

users in business are knowledge workers, thatis, people who spend most of their timecommunication and collaborating in teams andworkgroups creating, using, and distributinginformation.IS specialists are people who develop andoperate information systems. They includesystem analysts, software developers, systemoperators, and other managerial, technical, andclerical IS personnel.

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Hardware Resources

Hardware resources include all physical devicesand materials used in information processing. Itincludes not only machines, such as computersand other equipment, but also all data media,that is tangible objects on which data arerecorded.

Examples of hardware resources in computer based information systems are: Computer systems Computer peripherals.

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Software Resources

Software resources include all sets of information processinginstructions; not only programs, which direct and controlcomputer hardware but also the sets of informationprocessing instructions called procedures that people need.

Examples of software resources are: System software, such as an operating system program,

which controls and supports the operations of a computer system.

Application software, which are programs that direct

processing for a particular use of computers by end users. Procedures, which are operating instructions for thepeople who will use an information system.

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Data Resources Data can take many forms, including traditional alphanumeric data,

text data and audio data. The data resources of information systems are typically organised,

stored, and accessed by a variety of data resources management

technologies into: Databases that hold processed and organised data. Knowledge bases that hold knowledge in a variety of forms such as

facts, rules and case examples about successful businesspractices.

Data are raw facts or observations, typically about physicalphenomena or business transaction.Information is data that have been converted into a meaningful anduseful context for specific end users.

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Network Resources

Telecommunications technologies and networkslike the Internet, intranets, and extranets havebecome essential to the successful electronicbusiness and commerce operations of all types of organisations and their computer basedinformation systems.

Network resources include: Communications media. Network support, meaning that many

hardware, software and data technologies areneeded to support the operation and use of acommunications networks.

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Input of Data Resources

Data about business transactions and otherevents must be captured and prepared forprocessing by the input activity.

Once entered data can be transferred onto amachine readable medium such as a magneticdisk until needed for processing

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Processing of Data intoInformation

Data are typically subjected to processing activitiessuch as calculating, comparing, sorting, classifyingand summarising.

These activities organise, analyse, and manipulatedata, thus converting them into information for endusers.

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Storage of Data Resources

Storage is the information system activityin which data and information are retainedin an organised manner for later use.

Stored data are commonly organised intoa variety of data elements and databases.

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Control of SystemPerformance

An information system should producefeedback about its input, processing, outputand storage activities.

This feedback must be monitored andevaluated to determine if the system ismeeting established performance standards.

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Documents