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CHAPTER 19: EMERGING

ADULTHOOD PSYCHOSOCIALDEVELOPMENT

EriksonIntimacy

Friendship

Romance

Emotional Development

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Psychosocial Dev. in Emerging Adulthood is

Characterized by Diversity

Young adults have more freedom to choose their

own paths

The route to being settled takes longer

Between 18-27 the average worker changes jobs eight

times, spends five + years unmarried, when marries has

a 50% chance of divorcing, and conceives one or two

children

Self-esteem tends to rise with the highest gains for those

living away from home attending college; those still

living at home or a single parent showed the least (but

still more positive than high school)

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Identity Achievement

Emerging adults are typically reaching identity

achievement after greater exploration of

vocational, ethnic, gender identity

Most identify with more specific ethnic groups Have friends of many different ethnic backgrounds but

tend to gravitate more toward own ethnic background

in romantic relationships

Many work in various jobs further articulating what the

want/dont from work life

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Eriksons 6th Stage

Intimacy v. Isolation

Emerging adults seek someone with whom to share their

lives in an enduring and self-sacrificing commitment.

Without this commitment, risk aloneness and isolation

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Intimacy

Need for affiliation, affection, interdependence,

communication, belonging, and love may come from

friends, lovers, spouse, or all three

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Friends

Researchers show friends are excellent buffers againststress, a guide toward self-awareness, and to providejoy - CHOSEN

Choosing Friends (Gateways to Attraction)

Physical attractiveness Apparent availability Absence of exclusion criteria Frequent exposure

Gender Differences

Men tend to share activities and interests and talk moreabout external matters Female friendships ten to be more intimate & emotional -

more self-disclosing

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Development of Love

Personal preferences, mutual interactions,developmental stages, gender differences,socioeconomic forces, and historical/cultural contexts allplay into love

Gateways of attraction important

Marrying later (most 20-30 are not married) and divorcingmore often

In 1/3 of countries love doesnt lead to marriage

In U.S. expected to fall in love several times until they areable financially and emotionally, to be independent fromparentswhich is pushing the marriage date later

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Sternbergs Dimensions of Love

Three distinct aspects of love:

Passion, Intimacy, Commitment

Often occur developmentally in that order

7 forms of love

Most in America say looking for consummate love

(which has all three)

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.santarosacounselingcenter.com/images/triangularlove.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.santarosacounselingcenter.com/Educational.html&h=600&w=700&sz=67&hl=en&start=2&usg=__FZzb17M6iMmxd3uuViuGs-tvub0=&tbnid=zoSRFAipQ_IVyM:&tbnh=120&tbnw=140&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dsternberg%2Blove%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Denhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.santarosacounselingcenter.com/images/triangularlove.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.santarosacounselingcenter.com/Educational.html&h=600&w=700&sz=67&hl=en&start=2&usg=__FZzb17M6iMmxd3uuViuGs-tvub0=&tbnid=zoSRFAipQ_IVyM:&tbnh=120&tbnw=140&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dsternberg%2Blove%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den

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Cohabitation

Living together in a committed sexual relationship but

are not formally married

Beliefs about cohabitation to marriage transition are

often inaccurate Tend to be less happy, healthy, and satisfied with financial

status than married folks

Divorce rates are somewhat higher for those who have

cohabited first

Statistics may start to change as more cohabitate

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What makes relationships work?

Compatibility

Homogamy & Heterogamy

Social Homogamyincreases commitment

Social Exchange Theory

Conflict

Level of emotional sensitivity during conflict Fighting

Fair Demand/withdraw interaction is a destructive pattern

7 positive for every one negative

Constructive communication

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Linked Lives

Families are still VERY essential in the life of an

emerging adult

Parents continue to be crucial (even more so than

previous generations)While greater independence is important, families play

a supportive presence with finances, guidance/support,

and sometimes with grandchildren

Financially, receives cash from parents in terms of

tuition, medical care, food, and material support

Non-material support with laundry, moving, repairs, if a

parent free childcare.