User Modeling In UCSDUser Model is a psychologically valid way of depicting the people who will use the systems, and whose needs and preferences will be considered when designing those systems; itshould be able to represent or in part their psychological processes, individual differences, social context, cultural factors and lifestyles, and task objectives.Types of User Model1. Psychological Theories as ser !odels"There are a number of powerful models to capture key parameters of system users. #uch models re$uire its users to be a %ognitive Psychologist; students and teachers find theminaccessible and intractable.&. Task 'nalysis and for ser !odels"Task based analysis. The evaluation of core task can lead to consideration of how users will undertake these tasks.(. %ut"down Psychological Theories as ser !odels"!odel )uman Processor *!)P+ by %ard, !oran and ,ewell 1-.(, one that can be used by designers and other computer scientists without the irrelevant complexities of a fully"fledged theory."!)P provides a simple architecture of human cognition, including perceptual and responsive components, short"term and long"term memory plus cognitive processing.MHP (Model Human Processor) Concept* photo credit: sja_engotzz"This model has always been critici/ed by a lot of Psychology experts due to the fact that it is not made for study theory but to solve common 0T issues. )owever, it is perhaps true that!)P is past its sell"by date. 'lthough it still inspires new approaches and designs.1. #implistic Psychological Theories as ser !odel"#implistic Theories combines psychological theory with system design practice with easy to understand concept."0t has two distinct features2o 3efined formally, a simplistic theory is intended to provide a powerful conceptual framework within which complex theories and research findings can be located, ando 0t has the ability to be repackaged to provide an overalldepiction that can be used by designers and practicalcomputer scientists as a guide, without re$uiring them to becomepsychologists."4e will focus on the #implex Theory *'dams and 5angdon, &66(+ as representative of the current state of knowledge about user models.Simplistic One as a Simplistic Theory"%onstructed as five /ones or modules of cognition which are partially independent of each other. 7ach module possesses both memory and local processing capacity, each of which isacting as a von ,eumann machine, allowing the overall system a level of parallel processing and autonomous self"diagnosis."Provides a simple, yet elegant, framework for the 0nteractive #ystem designer or computer scientist to apply to the solution of real"world computing problems.The Simplex One Theory with 5 components representing von eumann!s original model"#s a re$erence% here is the original von eumann Computer Model"&photo credit: Human-Computer Interaction by Serengul Smith-Atakan and oogle!comUser Models and EvaluationUsing Design Principles (euristics! "or Evaluation"3esign rules tend to give precise recommendations about specific design aspects, whereas design guidelines are low in authority and are more general in their application."3esign rules are very prescriptive about specific areas of design."#tandards tend to be imposed by a regulatory body.")ardware and software manufacturers produce commercial style guides and corporate style guides are developed by companies for their own internal use; it enhance usability of aproduct through consistency; the maintenance of 8look and feel9 across many product lines is observed.":uidelines are not prescriptive in the way that rules are, but it describes the usability concepts that help us judge designs, and gain a stronger understanding of usability as a concept.They tend to be based on more general usability principles; they cover a wide range of interface features and concepts. 5et9s now look at some of the well"known design principles21. Learnability ; we tend to learn system through understanding and generali/ing about the system as a whole when we try new features.&. Predictability ; the user needs to be aware of all options that the system allows, and be able to work out which ones they will need for their desired action.(. Consistency ; the look and feel of the system should be consistent, it allows users to easily navigate and explore new features and systems.1. Flexibility ; it is in the way a user and the system exchange information in many ways.