hc #2: challenging jim crow civil unrest objective… summarize the incidents of civil disobedience...
TRANSCRIPT
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HC #2: Challenging
Jim Crow Civil Unrest
Objective…Summarize the incidents of civil
disobedience that challenged segregation and the federal governments reaction to the fight against desegregation.
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MLK’s background…• PHD- Boston U.- Theology• 1957 - Founder of SCLC • Philosophy: Nonviolent
Civil disobedience • Nobel Prize in 1968• Assassinated April, 1968
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Civil disobedience…• Historically used to rebel against unfair laws. • Protests are confrontational, but non-violent
The influence of Walter Rauschenbusch on King…
The influence of Gandhi on King…
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SCLCSouthern Christian
Leadership Conference• Organized black churches to conduct
nonviolent protests in order to obtain civil rights reform.
Dr. MLK leading local CRs workers in a prayer
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Montgomery, Ala. 1955
Rosa Parks refuses to give up her bus seat
Fingerprinting Rosa Parks
Rosa Parks going to jail
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Edgar Daniel "E.D." Nixon
-Leader of the MIA-Encourages Rosa Parks to
fight the arrest
Arrest record…
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Dr. MLK - Spokesperson Montgomery Bus Boycott
The Montgomery Bus Boycott
“We are here this evening for serious business …. we are determined to apply our citizenship to the fullest of its means.”
- MLK
The principles of the boycott…
- Non-violence - Christian love - Unity
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MLK & Abernathy being booked by Montgomery, ALA police. The civil rights leaders had been indicted for their
roles in the MBB. King & Abernathy's homes were firebombed during the boycott.
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The Montgomery Bus Boycott• Lasts 381 days• Effects 42,000 African Americans• Montgomery Improvement Assoc. (MIA) coordinates
20K rides per day for ride • MLK & E.D. Nixon arrested and found guilty of
“hindering business”
Empty buses…Bus revenue drops by 67%
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The Supreme Court ruled busing segregation illegal Dec, 1956
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Significance of the MBB…• MLK becomes a national figure• Gave the CR movement momentum• The SCLC is founded & galvanizes the
non-violence tactic
The Rosa Parks bus at the Henry Ford Museum in Dearborn, Mich.
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The Little Rock Crisis (1957)
“I had thought - we'd all thought - that once we got the Brown case, the thing was going to be over. You see, we were always looking for the one case to end all of it.” -Thurgood Marshall, 1977
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The Little Rock Crisis (1957)• A Federal judge orders LR schools to desegregation• LR school board complies• Gov. Faubus defied the order• DDE federalizes AK National Guard• Sends in the 101st Airborne to enforce the law
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DDE meets with Arkansas Gov.
Faubus, Sept., 1957
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The Little Rock Nine
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1960-1961: Sit-InsGreensboro, Nashville, Atlanta
• CORE & SNCC• Sit- in segregated diners in the South… Activism• Refuse to leave until served…hurts business profit….
Powerful method of protest.
The Greensboro Four
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SNCC (pronounced Snick)
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee...
• 1960 – Black college students• Youth branch SCLC - Gives Black youth a voice in CRs• More militant• SNCC activist strategies…
- Direct confrontation
- Mass action
- Civil disobedience
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SNCC membership posters for SNCC…
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