hc-- 1 nwacc business & industry workforce development institute welcome hearing conservation...

HC-- 1 NWACC Business & Industry Workforce Development Institute

WELCOME

HEARING CONSERVATION

CORPORATE SAFETY TRAINING

29 CFR 1910.95


REGULATORY STANDARDTHE GENERAL DUTY CLAUSE

FEDERAL - 29 CFR 1903.1

EMPLOYERS MUST: Furnish a place of employment free of recognized hazards that are causing or are likely to cause death or serious physical harm to employees. Employers must comply with occupational safety and health standards promulgated under the Williams-Steiger Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970.

OSHA ACT OF 1970


29CFR - SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS

1910 - INDUSTRIAL SAFETY

95 - OCCUPATIONAL NOISE EXPOSURE

APPLICABLE REGULATIONS

DANGER

HEARINGPROTECTION

REQUIRED



CONTENTS OF 29 CFR 1910.95:

a. A-Weighted Sound Level Determination b. Permissible Noise Exposures c. Program Requirements d. Monitoring Requirements e. Employee Notification f. Observation of Monitoring g. Audiometric Testing Program h. Audiometric Testing Requirements i. Hearing Protectors j. Hearing Protector Attenuation



CONTENTS OF 29 CFR 1910.95:

k. Training Program l. Access to Information and Training Materials m. Recordkeeping n. Appendices A - Noise Exposure Computation B - Estimating Hearing Protection Attenuation C - Audiometric Measuring Instruments D - Audiometric Test Rooms E - Acoustical Calibration of Audiometers F - Age Correction Calculations For Audiograms G - Monitoring Noise Levels H - Availability of Referenced Documents

(Continued)


GENERAL PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS

Establish a Written Program

Conduct Audiometric Testing

Address Noise Exposure Standards

Conduct Regular Program Evaluations

Conduct Work Area Noise Surveillance

Conduct Hearing Conservation Training

Control Hazards Using Ear Protectors as a Last Resort

Ensure Proper Selection of Noise Exposure Equipment

ALL EMPLOYERS MUST:HEARINGPROTECTIONPROGRAM


TRAINING REQUIREMENTS

Training Must Establish Proficiency in use of Protectors. Explain The Operation, Capabilities, and Limitations. Training Must be Conducted Prior to Job Assignment. Explain The Reason Hearing Protection is Needed. Explain Why a Hearing Protector has been Selected. Explain Proper Maintenance and Storage of Protectors. Explain Inspection, and Proper Wear. Explain The Nature, Extent and Effects of Noise Hazards. Provide Explanation of Why Engineering Controls are not in Use.

THE EMPLOYER MUST PROVIDE TRAINING:


REQUIRED WHEN THERE IS A:

Program Related Injury. Change in Job Assignment. New Hazards or Equipment. New Hazard Control Methods. Failure in the Safety Procedures. Reason to Doubt Employee Proficiency.

RETRAINING REQUIREMENTS

HEARINGPROTECTIONPROGRAM


PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION

DEDICATION PERSONAL INTEREST MANAGEMENT COMMITMENT

IMPLEMENTATION OF A HEARING CONSERVATION PROGRAM REQUIRES:

NOTE:

UNDERSTANDING AND SUPPORT FROM THE WORK FORCEIS ESSENTIAL, WITHOUT IT THE PROGRAM WILL FAIL!



Establish responsibility. Establish a corporate policy and develop rules. Conduct a noise survey of the facility. Determine appropriate noise control measures. Eliminate noise hazards where possible. Conduct employee training. Provide protection where hazard elimination is not possible. Perform inspections and maintenance. Periodically audit the program. Modify policies and rules as appropriate.

DEVELOPMENT SEQUENCE:

Continued



The initial goal should be to reduce or eliminate noise

hazards by:

1. Elimination or substitution of noise producing sources.

2. Insulating equipment to lower noise levels.

3. Implementation of administrative controls.

4. Implementation of engineering controls.

5. Issuance of hearing protection equipment.

6. Providing training and procedures.

DEVELOPMENT SEQUENCE:

Continued


1. Noise Exposure Monitoring

2. Engineering and Administrative Controls

3. Audiometric Evaluation

4. Use of Hearing Protection Devices

5. Training and Motivation

6. Recordkeeping

7. Program Evaluation

KEY PROGRAM ELEMENTS

KEY PROGRAM ELEMENTS INCLUDE:


NOISE EXPOSURE MONITORING

Define Survey Goals Characterize the Hazard Accurately - Area Surveys - Noise Dosimetry - Engineering Surveys Ensure Results are Representative Identify Affected Employees Evaluate Specific Noise Sources Prioritize Noise Control Efforts

KEY PROGRAM ELEMENTS(Continued)


ENGINEERING AND ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROLS

Reducing Reverberation and Echo's Reducing Structure-borne Vibrations Initiate Physical Changes at the Noise Source Modify or Replace of Equipment Physical Changes in the Transmission Path Examples Include: - Sound Absorbing Material - Mufflers on Noise Sources - Acoustical Enclosures and Barriers - Vibration Mounts and Proper Lubrication



AUDIOMETRIC EVALUATION

Should be Performed: 1. Pre-employment 2. Prior to Initial Work Assignment 3. Annually if the Employee Stays in the Same Job 4. At Reassignment Out of a Noisy Job 5. At the Termination of Employment

Employees Who are Not Noise Exposed can be Tested to Provide a Comparison Group to Determine the Overall Effectiveness of the Program. The Two Groups should Show the Same Amount of Audiometric Change if the Program is Effective.



AUDIOMETRIC EVALUATION (Continued)

Must be administered with calibrated equipment

Testing must have acceptable background sounds levels

The same type of audiometer should be used year to year

Only accredited technicians should be used

Standardized testing methods should be used

An Audiologist or Physician should supervise testing




TYPES OF HEARING PROTECTION DEVICES

Ear Muffs (Circumaural)

Semi-Inserts (Semi-Aural)

Inserts (Aural)

Each type hasadvantages anddisadvantages


TRAINING AND MOTIVATION

Employees “are” the program Job-specific training is essential Annual recurrent training recommended Active employee participation is essential Training is essential to employee motivation Training needed for: - Managers - Supervisors - Affected employees - Maintenance personnel


SAFETY


RECORDKEEPING

Purpose of the examination Specific equipment used and calibration dates Name of the tester Date and time of the test Auditory history information The hearing threshold values obtained Tester’s judgment of the subject’s response reliability Record of any refitting, reissuing, or retraining Tester’s comments, if any



RETENTION OF RECORDS

Noise exposure measurement records - 25 years Audiometric test records - Duration of employment

SAFETYRECORDS



PROGRAM REVIEW & EVALUATION

Noise surveys (area and personal) Job hazard analysis assessments. Employee surveys. Review of results of facility evaluations. Analysis of trends in injury/illness rates. Up-to-date records of logs of noise hazard improvements

tried or implemented. Before and after surveys/evaluations of job/worksite noise

protection changes.

EVALUATION TECHNIQUES INCLUDE:


WRITTEN PROGRAM

WRITTEN PROGRAMS MUST BE:

DEVELOPED IMPLEMENTED CONTROLLED JOB SPECIFIC UNDERSTANDABLE SUFFICIENTLY DETAILED PERIODICALLY REVIEWED


THE SUPERVISOR’S ROLE

CONSIDER THE FOLLOWING:

1. GET INVOLVED IN THE HAZARD ASSESSMENTS.

2. OBTAIN ASSISTANCE (IF NEEDED) FROM EXPERTS IN THE FIELD OF CONCERN.

3. COMPLETE THE PAPERWORK (WORK ORDERS, POLICY CHANGES, ETC.) TO MAKE CORRECTIVE ACTIONS.

4. ATTEND THE SAME TRAINING AS YOUR WORKERS.

5. FOLLOW-UP ON THE ACTIONS YOU TOOK.


WORK INVOLVING:

Chain saws Construction Lawn mowing Sand blasting Jack hammers Spray painting Musical performances Grinders, lathes, saws Manufacturing operations Exposure during maintenance duties

HEARING PROTECTION SITUATIONS


PRINCIPLES OF HEARING

EARCANAL

EARDRUM

OUTER EAR - MIDDLE EAR - INNER EAR

COCHLEA

HAMMERANVILSTIRRUP

AUDITORYNERVE

EUSTACHIANTUBE


THE COCHLEA AND THE INNER EAR

A fluid filled sound reception chamber Contains thousands of tiny hair cells The cells respond to sound waves made in the fluid The cells pass the sensation on to the auditory nerve

PRINCIPLES OF HEARINGContinued



SENSORI-NEURAL HEARING LOSS

Noise-induced hearing loss Damages the hair cells or auditory nerves If the noise is stopped hair cells can bounce back Damage can be temporary



SENSORI-NEURAL HEARING LOSS

If the noise continues hair cells can’t bounce back Damage can be permanent!



NOISE MEASUREMENT

Decibel (dB) - A unit of measurement for sound pressure 085 Decibels (dB) is max for the average workday 140 Decibels (dB) is max for impulse or impact noise

No exposures in excess of 140dB peak sound pressure level are permitted. Impulsive or impact noise is considered to be those variations in noise levels at intervals of greater than one per second. Where the intervals are less than one second, it should be considered continuous. Source: ACGIH



NOISE MEASUREMENT (Continued)

Sound is measured in two ways:

1. Frequency

2. Intensity

Frequency

Intensity



FREQUENCY: The pitch -- how high or low the sound is. Expressed in cycles per second (CPS). Most people can hear pitches between 20 CPS and 20,000 CPS.



INTENSITY: The loudness of sound. Expressed in units called decibels (dB). the more dB’s, the louder the sound. One decibel in the smallest unit of sound a person can hear.



NOISE REDUCTION RATING (NRR): A single number measure of the amount of attenuation of sound that a hearing protection device will reduce outside sound to. Expressed in units of decibels (dB).

85dB

45dB

NRR 40dB


The TLV is the upper limit of noise as measured in decibels averaged over an eight hour work day to which an average healthy person may be repeatedly exposed on an all-day, everyday basis without suffering adverse hearing loss.

American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienist (ACGIH).

THRESHOLD LIMIT VALUE




THRESHOLD SHIFT

Hearing loss caused from noise can raise your “hearing-threshold” -- the degree of loudness at which you first begin to hear sound. Two types of shifts can occur:

1. Temporary threshold shift

2. Permanent threshold shift



TEMPORARY THRESHOLD SHIFT

Most of the loss occurs in the first two hours Workers may not hear sound under 40db after work Hearing “returns” within two hours after exposure stops The loss can become permanent with long exposure

NOISE



PERMANENT THRESHOLD SHIFT

Usually no physical signs Early signs may be tinnitus, ringing, muffling of sound Hearing no longer “returns” within two hours The loss starts in high frequencies and may spread

NOISE


WORK SOURCES & FACTORS AFFECTING HEARING:


Age Pitch Loudness Surroundings Type of machines Position of source Length of exposure Previous ear trouble Distance from source Think about your personal work habits!


HOME SOURCES & FACTORS AFFECTING HEARING:


Chain saws Race tracks Air hammers Trap shooting Starting pistols Musical groups Stereo systems Mowing the lawn Think about your personal lifestyle!


HOW LOUD IS LOUD?


SOURCE DECIBELS

Rocket launching pad 180db Jet plane 140db Gunshot blast 140db Jackhammer 130db Automobile horn 120db Sandblasting 112db Rock music 110db Chain saw 100db Lawnmower 090db



SOURCE DECIBELS

Alarm clock 080db Busy traffic 075db Vacuum cleaner 070db Normal conversation 065db Dishwasher 060db Average home 050db Quiet office 040db Whisper at 5 feet 030db Average threshold of hearing 015db

HOW LOUD IS LOUD?



EXTREMELY HIGH, LOUD NOISE

Can cause “Traumatic Hearing Loss”

- May be caused by a single exposure to loud noise

- Less common than other types of hearing damage Can cause other effects in the work place

- Contributes to poor communication at work

- Unpleasant sound may cause fear, anger etc.

- Noise may cause fatigue or distractions



WHEN IS NOISE TOO LOUD?

You have to raise your voice to be heard. You can’t hear someone less than 2 feet away from you. Speech sounds muffled after you leave a noisy area. You have ringing in your ears after exposure to noise.

- American Speech-Language-Hearing Association


HEARING DEVICE SELECTION

AN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENIST SHOULD BE CONSULTED

REGARDING THE TYPE OF HEARING PROTECTION TO BE

USED WITH YOUR OPERATION! THE FOLLOWING ARE GENERAL

GUIDELINES ONLY!


TYPES OF HEARING PROTECTION DEVICES

Ear Muffs (Circumaural)

Semi-Inserts (Semi-Aural)

Inserts (Aural)

Each type hasadvantages anddisadvantages

HEARING DEVICE SELECTIONContinued


EAR MUFFS (CIRCUMAURAL)

Surround the ear to reduce sound Very effective at reducing sound One size usually fits everyone Can be expensive Cleaning can be time-consuming Bulk can be a problem Can be uncomfortable in hot conditions Can be attached to: - Helmets - Bump caps - Hard hats



SEMI-INSERTS (SEMI-AURAL)

Insert partially into the ear Snug fit is essential Moderately effective at reducing sound Do not always effectively seal ear canal One size fits all Large variety of shapes Cleaning is simple Bulk is not a problem Comfortable in hot conditions



INSERTS (AURAL)

Training is essential to proper use Insert into the ear Snug fit is essential Moderately effective at reducing sound Do not always effectively seal ear canal Large variety of shapes Cleaning is simple Bulk is not a problem Comfortable in hot conditions



INSERTS (Available in three forms)

Premolded Inserts - which may be universal- fitted or sized.

Custom Molded Inserts - which are either fabricated at a factory from an impression taken of the ear canal or designed so that the impression itself becomes the final device.

User Molded Inserts - which may be reusable or disposable, expand in the ear canal to form a seal after they are rolled and inserted.


Continued


SELECTION CONSIDERATIONS

Will they effectively reduce sound levels? Comfort - will the users wear them? Cost Ease of use and repair Sizing and fitting ranges Dielectric considerations Training and skill for use Durability and life expectancy Anthropometric considerations Availability of replacement parts Size, weight, pressure, adjustability


Continued


SELECTION CONSIDERATIONS

Visibility Pilferability Storage shelf life Climatic susceptibility Susceptibility to abuse Hygienic considerations Will the users like them? Susceptibility to alteration Confined space considerations Work environment susceptibility Compatibility with other equipment


Continued


Do a fit test to ensure proper seal. Receive proper training in its use. Provide proper care for equipment. Ensure hazard levels are known. Review noise exposure limits. Receive annual and recurrent training. Select correct hearing protection devices.

HEARING DEVICE CHECKLIST:INSPECTIONCHECKLIST

Follow local policies and procedures. Wear only approved hearing protection devices. Wear only devices on which you have received training.

INSPECTION AND CARE OF HEARING PROTECTION EQUIPMENT

Continued


Develop a detailed inspection policy. Document each inspection. Inspect all components before use. Tag as unusable, damaged equipment. Inspect equipment before each use (without exception). Separate damaged equipment from serviceable equipment. Consider the effects on equipment stored for long periods. Remove contaminated equipment from service immediately.

Continued

INSPECTION CONSIDERATIONS:


INSPECTIONCHECKLIST


Read the manufactures guidelines first! Disassemble (if needed) in accordance with procedures. Scrub devices in detergent and warm water. Rinse to remove detergent. Air-dry, do not dry rubber under heat or sunlight. Never use solvents to clean plastic or rubber.

Continued

CLEANING AND DISINFECTING CONSIDERATIONS:


Protect from sunlight, heat, cold, moisture and chemicals! Place devices in individual sealable plastic bags

STORAGE CONSIDERATIONS:

hc-- 1 nwacc business & industry workforce development institute welcome hearing conservation...

Documents

training program

hearing protectors

audiometric testing

reason hearing protection

cfr safety

written program

monitoring requirements

training materials