hazardous earth - climate · there is a shortage of clean water as it is contaminated by water from...
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Hazardous Earth - climate Global atmospheric circulation
Match up the correct sentences below. Use Figure 1, which shows the distribution of solar radiation, to help
The sun heats the Earth’s surface unevenly -
insolation
TO the areas of low pressure and therefore transfer heat away
from the equator.
The differences in temperature cause These loops have warm rising air which creates a low pressure
belt and cool falling air which creates a high pressure belt
Winds blow FROM the areas of high
pressure
(the solar radiation that reaches that reaches the Earth’s
surface) is greater at the equator than at the poles.
Winds are part of global atmospheric
circulation loops (called cells).
the Hadley, Ferrel and Polar cells.
There are three cells in each hemisphere differences in air pressure.
Complete the key and label the diagram below that shows Global Circulation Cells and how they are formed:
Figure 1
Global atmospheric circulation (cont’d)
Heat is also transferred by ocean currents
Ocean currents are large scale movements of water that transfer heat energy from warmer to cooler regions.
Complete the flow diagram below to show heat is transferred:
There are different climate zones around the world
The pressure belts caused by global atmospheric circulation cause variations in climate. Draw a climate graph
for an arid (dry) area (mark this onto your map) and a climate graph for a tropical area
Arid area – climate
graph
Atmospheric pressure – high and low pressure explained.
Highlight the key text from the diagram. Can you then
draw the diagrams from memory?
Tropical area – climate
graph
Polar area – what happens here?
Natural climate change
The Earth’s climate is always changing
Define: climate change:
The Quaternary period is the most recent geological time period, spanning from
around 2.6 million years ago to the present day. Describe the climate for each
of the periods below:
Before the quaternary period:
During the Quaternary period:
There are natural causes of climate change. Summarise each of these
causes:
Orbital changes also known as Milankovitch cycles
1Eccentricity
2. Axial tilt
3. Precession
Volcanic activity
1.
2.
3.
Solar output
1.
2.
3.
Asteroid collisions
1.
2.
3.
Evidence for natural climate change comes from many sources. Summarise
each of these in no more than words:
Tree rings
Ice cores
Historical records
Milankovitch cycles
Did you know: Between 1550 and 1850 the UK experienced a
“Little Ice Age”. In some winters the River Thames froze and the
ice was thick enough for people to walk across the river.
Climate change – human activity
Climate may have been changing long before humans roamed the Earth but in the last 150 years or
so human activities have begun to change it too.
The natural Greenhouse Effect is essential for keeping our planet warm
Label the diagram below to explain how the Green House effect works
Climate change could have serious impacts on people
Cover the diagram below. How many examples can you remember?
Human activities are making the
greenhouse effect stronger. Summarise
in no more than 12 words how we are
adding greenhouse gases to the
atmosphere:
Farming –
Industry –
Energy –
Transport -
There is some evidence that Human Activity is causing climate change. Complete the diagram
below and remember to include specific details (e.g. gases):
Human activity
and climate change
Summary:
Summary:
Summary:
Summary:
Climate change predictions
Data about climate change can be used to make predictions. Describe
the projected changes to global temperature shown on the graph below
(remember to use data):
What is the IPCC and what do they do?
There is lots of uncertainty about future climate change – why is this?
Tropical Cyclones
Tropical cyclones are areas of intense low pressure (remember those –
found in tropical areas). Low pressure brings heavy rain and strong
winds. With a cyclone (also known as hurricanes and typhoons) the
strong winds spiral around the centre.
Describe the distribution of tropical cyclones using the diagram above.
Tropical Cyclones (continued)
The formation of a tropical cyclone. Read the statements below
and match them to the correct location on the diagram
Warm moist air moves over the
ocean
Condensation releases air in the
atmosphere making the air lighter
The warmed air continues to rise
with moist air from the ocean
taking its place creating more wind
Water vapour rises into the
atmosphere
As the water vapour rises it cools,
condenses and forms into liquid
droplets
Tropical Cyclones (continued)
The features of a tropical cyclone. Tropical cyclones are
circular in shape, hundreds of km’s wide and they usually last for 7
– 17 days. Use the space below to draw, label and annotate the key
features of a tropical cyclone.
Tropical cyclones -impacts
Tropical cyclones try really hard to have an impact.
When a tropical cyclone hits land, it causes physical hazards. Complete the table below to link the
hazard with the effects:
Physical
hazards
Impacts on people Impacts on the environment
High winds
– at over
250km/hr
are strong enough to completely destroy
buildings and leave people homeless
can uproot trees and completely destroy
woodland habitats
Intense
rainfall
landslides can deposit sediment in rivers
and lakes which can kill fish and other
wildlife
Storm
surges
there is a shortage of clean water as it
is contaminated by water from the storm
surge
Coastal
flooding
Landslides
Tropical storm - intensity
Figure 20
Tropical cyclones –preparation and responses
Some countries are more vulnerable to the impacts of tropical
cyclones for different reasons. Complete the table below:
Physical vulnerability – Geographical location and site
1.
2.
3.
Economic vulnerability
1.
2.
Social vulnerability
1.
2.
3.
4.
Tropical cyclones –strategies to prepare and respond effectively
Complete the table below:
For
eca
stin
g
Eva
cuat
ing
Defe
nces
FED
Tropical cyclones – named examples
The impacts of a tropical cyclone depend on how a country prepares for and responds to the event. Wealthier, most developed countries e.g. the
USA tend to be better prepared so they can respond quickly. Summarise the details of the case studies
Developed country:
Name:
Location:
Date:
Developing country:
Name:
Location:
Date:
Forecasting
Forecasting
Warning and evacuation
Warning and evacuation
Defences
Defences
Impacts on the environment
Impacts on the environment
Impacts on people
Impacts on people