hawke’s bay regional council · hbrc, napier and hastings 10 july to 02 september 2013 watercare...

Hawke’s Bay Regional Council

Napier and Hastings

Continuous Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Summary Report

10 July to 02 September 2013

Prepared for


By

Air Quality Department

HBRC Publication No. 4509Report No. RM13-08

HBRC, Napier and Hastings 10 July to 02 September 2013

Watercare Services Ltd i

Continuous Ambient Air Quality Monitoring


A report for


159 Dalton Street

Napier 4110

New Zealand

02 October 2013

Watercare Services Ltd

52 Aintree Avenue

Airport Oaks

PO Box 107 028

Airport Oaks

MANUKAU

Ph 09 539 7600

Fax 09 539 7601

Author Peer Reviewer

Kath McLeod Jonathan Taylor

Senior Air Quality Technician (KTP) Air Quality Technician (KTP)

Watercare Services Ltd Watercare Services Ltd


Watercare Services Ltd ii

DISCLAIMER

This report or document "the report" is given by Watercare Services Limited “Watercare” solely for the benefit

of Hawke’s Bay Regional Council “HBRC” as defined in the contract or terms and conditions between Watercare

and HBRC, and is strictly subject to the conditions laid out in that contract or terms and conditions. This report

may not be reproduced, except in full.

Neither Watercare nor any of its employees makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal

liability or responsibility for use of the report or its contents by any other person or organisation.


Watercare Services Ltd iii

Table of Contents

Page

1 Summary ..................................................................................................... 1

2 Introduction ................................................................................................ 2

3 Ambient Air Quality Guidelines and Standards ............................................. 3

3.1 New Zealand Environmental Performance Indicators ..................................... 4

4 Site Description ........................................................................................... 5

5 Methods ....................................................................................................... 8

5.1 Quality Assurance .................................................................................... 8

5.2 Carbon Monoxide ..................................................................................... 8

5.3 Nitrogen Oxides ....................................................................................... 8

5.4 Sulfur Dioxide .......................................................................................... 9

5.5 Ozone ..................................................................................................... 9

5.6 Particulate Matter ..................................................................................... 9

5.7 Meteorological Parameters ........................................................................ 9

6 Results ....................................................................................................... 10

6.1 Site Performance..................................................................................... 10

6.2 Carbon Monoxide (CO) ............................................................................. 11

6.3 Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) ............................................................................ 18

6.4 Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) ................................................................................ 26

6.5 Ozone (O3) ............................................................................................. 32

6.6 Particulate Matter as PM10 ........................................................................ 38

6.7 Meteorological Parameters ....................................................................... 47

6.7.1 Ambient Temperature and Relative Humidity ....................................... 47

6.7.2 Wind Speed and Direction .................................................................. 52

7 Instrument History .................................................................................... 58

8 References ................................................................................................. 60


Watercare Services Ltd iv

Tables

Page

Table 1: AAQG (2002) and NES ............................................................................ 3

Table 2: Environmental Performance Indicators for Air Quality ................................. 4

Table 3: Site Performance – 10 July to 02 September 2013 .................................... 10

Table 4: CO Statistics and Exceedences – 11 July to 02 September 2013 ................. 11

Table 5: NO2 Statistics and Exceedences – 12 July to 02 September 2013 ................ 18

Table 6: SO2 Statistics and Exceedences – 12 July to 02 September 2013 ................ 26

Table 7: O3 Statistics and Exceedences – 10 July to 02 September 2013 .................. 32

Table 8: PM10 Statistics and Exceedences – 11 July to 02 September 2013 ............... 38

Table 9: PM10 Exceedences Summary – 11 July to 02 September 2013 .................... 39

Table 10: Ambient Temperature Statistics – 10 July to 02 September 2013 ................ 47

Table 11: Relative Humidity Statistics – 10 July to 02 September 2013 ..................... 47

Table 12: Wind Statistics – 10 July to 02 September 2013 ....................................... 52

Figures

Page

Figure 1: Map of Napier and Hastings Air Quality Monitoring Sites ............................. 7

Figure 2: HBRC, Napier and Hastings: CO (1-hour averages) ................................... 12

Figure 3: HBRC, Napier and Hastings: CO (8-hour rolling averages).......................... 13

Figure 4: HBRC, Napier: CO Pollution Rose (1-hour averages) .................................. 14

Figure 5: HBRC, Hastings: CO Pollution Rose (1-hour averages) ............................... 15

Figure 6: HBRC, Napier and Hastings: CO Diurnal Variation (1-hour averages) ........... 16

Figure 7: HBRC, Napier and Hastings: CO Comparison of EPI Categories (1-hour

and 8-hour averages) ............................................................................ 17

Figure 8: HBRC, Napier and Hastings: NO2 (1-hour averages) .................................. 19

Figure 9: HBRC, Napier and Hastings: NOx as NO2 (1-hour averages) ....................... 20

Figure 10: HBRC, Napier and Hastings: NO2 (24-hour averages) ................................ 21

Figure 11: HBRC, Napier: NO2 Pollution Rose (1-hour averages) ................................ 22

Figure 12: HBRC, Hastings: NO2 Pollution Rose (1-hour averages) ............................. 23

Figure 13: HBRC, Napier and Hastings: NO2 Diurnal Variation (1-hour averages) ......... 24

Figure 14: HBRC, Napier and Hastings: NO2 Comparison of EPI Categories (1-hour

and 24-hour averages) .......................................................................... 25

Figure 15: HBRC, Napier: SO2 (1-hour averages) ..................................................... 27

Figure 16: HBRC, Napier: SO2 (24-hour averages) ................................................... 28

Figure 17: HBRC, Napier: SO2 Pollution Rose (1-hour averages)................................. 29

Figure 18: HBRC, Napier: SO2 Diurnal Variation (1-hour averages) ............................. 30


Watercare Services Ltd v

Figure 19: HBRC, Napier: SO2 Comparison of EPI Categories (1-hour and 24-hour

averages) ............................................................................................ 31

Figure 20: HBRC, Hastings: O3 (1-hour averages) .................................................... 33

Figure 21: HBRC, Hastings: O3 (8-hour rolling averages) .......................................... 34

Figure 22: HBRC, Napier and Hastings: O3 Pollution Rose (1-hour averages) ............... 35

Figure 23: HBRC, Hastings: O3 Diurnal Variation (1-hour averages) ............................ 36

Figure 24: HBRC, Hastings: O3 Comparison of EPI Categories (1-hour and 8-hour

averages) ............................................................................................ 37

Figure 25: HBRC, Napier and Hastings: PM10 (1-hour averages) ................................. 40

Figure 26: HBRC, Napier and Hastings: PM10 (24-hour averages) ............................... 41

Figure 27: HBRC, Napier: PM10 Pollution Rose (1-hour averages) ............................... 42

Figure 28: HBRC, Hastings: PM10 Pollution Rose (1-hour averages) ............................. 43

Figure 29: HBRC, Napier and Hastings: PM10 Diurnal Variation (1-hour averages) ........ 44

Figure 30: HBRC, Napier and Hastings: PM10 Comparison of EPI Categories (1-hour

and 24-hour averages) .......................................................................... 45

Figure 31: HBRC, Napier and Hastings: PM10 Diurnal Variation (1-hour averages) ........ 46

Figure 32: HBRC, Napier and Hastings: Ambient Temperature (1-hour averages) ......... 48

Figure 33: HBRC, Napier and Hastings: Ambient Temperature (24-hour averages) ....... 49

Figure 34: HBRC, Napier and Hastings: Ambient Temperature Diurnal Variation (1-

hour averages) ..................................................................................... 50

Figure 35: HBRC, Napier and Hastings: Relative Humidity (1-hour averages) ............... 51

Figure 36: HBRC, Napier and Hastings: Wind Speed (1-hour averages) ....................... 53

Figure 37: HBRC, Napier and Hastings: Wind Direction (1-hour averages) ................... 54

Figure 38: HBRC, Napier and Hastings: Wind Rose (1-hour averages) ......................... 55

Figure 39: HBRC, Hastings: Wind Rose (1-hour averages) ......................................... 56

Figure 40: HBRC, Napier and Hastings: Wind Speed Diurnal Variation (1-hour

averages) ............................................................................................ 57


Watercare Services Ltd Page 1 of 60

1 Summary

This report contains ambient air quality results for Hawke’s Bay Regional Council (HBRC)

at the Napier and Hastings ambient air quality sites. The continuous parameters were

monitored from 10 July to 02 September 2013. The parameters monitored for this report

at the Napier and Hastings sites were:

Carbon Monoxide (CO) at both sites

Nitrogen Oxides (NO and NO2) at both sites

Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) at Napier

Ozone (O3) at Hastings

Particulate Matter as PM10 at both sites

The monitoring was conducted by Watercare, on behalf of HBRC. Monitoring was set up

to measure key air pollutants associated with adverse effects on people’s health and

forms part of HBRC’s national environmental standard requirements.

The Napier site was located in the suburb of Marewa and the Hastings was located in

Saint Leonards. The sites were both near major roads and residential areas. At the time

of the monitoring the sites would have primarily been affected by domestic heating and

vehicle emissions.

Ambient air quality monitoring at Napier and Hastings in Hawke’s Bay for the period of 10

July to 02 September 2013 showed that:

For Napier:

There were no exceedences of the National Environmental Standard or

Ambient Air Quality Guideline for CO, NO2, SO2 or PM10.

Valid data was greater than 96% for all parameters.

The predominant winds came from the west-northwest.

PM10 24-hour average concentrations had 3.9% in the “alert” EPI category

(>66% of 50µg/m3).

For Hastings:

There were no exceedences of the National Environmental Standard or

Ambient Air Quality Guideline for CO, NO2 or O3.

There were six exceedences of the National Environmental Standard and

Ambient Air Quality Guideline for PM10.

Valid data was greater than 98% for all parameters except O3 (79%) due to a

sample flow fault.

The predominant winds came from the southwest to west-southwest.

CO 8-hour average concentrations had 0.2% in the “alert” EPI category

(>66% of 10mg/m3).

O3 8-hour average concentrations had 7.1% in the “alert” EPI category

(>66% of 100µg/m3).

PM10 24-hour average concentrations had 11.1% in the “action” EPI category

(>50µg/m3) and 20.4% in the “alert” EPI category (>66% of 50µg/m3 and

<50µg/m3).



The maximum and average CO, NO2 and PM10 concentrations were higher at the

Hastings site than at the Napier site.

The average CO concentrations at Hastings were twice as high as Napier

The morning peak concentrations for CO and SO2 occurred an hour earlier than NO2

and PM10.

The morning peak concentrations occurred an hour earlier at Hastings.

The afternoon peak concentrations occurred an hour earlier at Napier.

The majority of the pollutants came from the main wind directions for the site.

Hasting had lower ambient temperature, higher humidity and lower wind speeds

than Napier.

2 Introduction

HBRC commissioned Watercare to conduct continuous monitoring of carbon monoxide

(CO), oxides of nitrogen (NO and NO2), sulfur dioxide, ozone particulate matter as PM10

and meteorological parameters at the HBRC Napier and Hastings sites in Hawke’s Bay.

The monitoring was carried out to examine the ambient air quality within the area.

This report presents a summary of data from 10 July to 02 September 2013. Monitoring

was undertaken during winter so pollutant concentrations due to home heating emissions

could also be observed along with vehicle emissions and any other ambient interactions.

For the reporting period the gaseous instruments have been adjusted for span and zero

instrument drift using the results from automatic and manual calibrations. All data in this

report has been validated. Quality assurance checks have been carried out to ensure that

invalid and calibration data are not reported.

This report presents:

a summary of ambient air quality guidelines and standards

an overview of the relevant guideline and standards

monitoring site descriptions

an overview of the methods used to monitor parameters

site performance

comparison to the relevant ambient air quality guidelines and standards

data summary and statistics

analyser instrument history



3 Ambient Air Quality Guidelines and Standards

The measurements of air quality made at Napier and Hastings can be compared with

various air quality guidelines or standards. The Ministry for the Environment (MfE)

National Environmental Standards (NES) for air quality superseded the Ambient Air

Quality Guidelines (AAQG) 2002 in some areas. These limits are listed in Table 1.

Table 1: AAQG (2002) and NES

Contaminant Averaging Period MfE AAQG MfE NES

Carbon Monoxide

(CO)

1-hour 30mg/m³ No standard

8-hour 10mg/m³ 10mg/m³ with 1

exceedence per year

Nitrogen Dioxide

(NO2)

1-hour 200µg/m³ 200µg/m³ with 9

exceedences per year

24-hour 100µg/m³ No standard

Sulfur Dioxide (SO2)

1-hour 350µg/m3

350µg/m³ with 9

exceedences per year

570µg/m³ with no

allowable exceedences

24-hour 120µg/m3 No standard

Ozone (O3)

1-hour 150µg/m³ 150µg/m³ with no

allowable exceedences

8-hour 100µg/m³ No standard

Particulates (PM10)

24-hour 50µg/m3 50µg/m³*

Annual 20µg/m3 No standard

*One allowable exceedence for the Napier airshed and three allowable exceedences for the Hastings airshed.



3.1 New Zealand Environmental Performance Indicators

In order to provide guidance on when improvement should be required, the MfE has

provided Environmental Performance Indicators (EPI) for air quality, as set out in

Table 2. These indicators can act as both indicators of poor air quality and goals which

policy can work towards achieving.

Table 2: Environmental Performance Indicators for Air Quality

Category Maximum Measured

Value Comment

Action Exceeds guideline Completely unacceptable by national and international

standards

Alert Between 66% and

100% of the guideline

Warning level, which can lead to guidelines being

exceeded if trends are not curbed

Acceptable Between 33% and


A broad category, where maximum values might be of

concern in some sensitive locations, but are generally

at a level which does not warrant dramatic action

Good Between 10% and


Peak measurements in this range are unlikely to affect

air quality

Excellent Less than 10% of the

guideline

Of little concern. If maximum values are less than a

tenth of the guideline, average values are likely to be

much less



4 Site Description

Site Name Napier Site ID AQGLH009

Address

1A Taradale Road

Marewa, Napier

Hawke’s Bay

Site Class Traffic Peak

Site Coordinates (NZTM) E1620318 N5428456

Description

The monitoring site was located on the corner at the intersection of Hyderabad Road

(SH2) and Taradale Road (SH50) in Marewa, Napier (Figure 1). The site was situated at

the edge of a council reserve along Hyderabad Road. The site is adjacent to residential

properties with light industry and commercial properties to the west. The local

topography is flat to the south with Hospital Hill to the north.

The equipment was owned and operated by Watercare. The site was commissioned 09

July 2013 and decommissioned 02 September 2013. Valid reported data started from

10 July 2013 (as defined below). The ambient air quality monitoring station location

was selected by Hawke’s Bay Regional Council.

Pollutants

(inlet height at 3m)

CO (11/07/13), NOx (12/07/13) SO2 (12/07/13),

and PM10 (11/07/13)

Weather Parameters

(mast height at 6m)

Wind, Ambient Temperature and Relative Humidity

(10/07/13)

Site Location



Site Name Hastings Site ID AQGLH010

Address

531 Heretaunga Street West

Saint Leonards

Hastings

Site Class Traffic Peak

Site Coordinates (NZTM) E1622903 N5430322

Description

The monitoring site was located on the eastern corner of Heretaunga Street West and

Tomoana Road on the border of Saint Leonards and Hastings suburbs (Figure 1). The

site was situated at the road side corner of the car park. Heretaunga Street West is one

of the main arterial roads and the site is north of the CBD surrounded by light

commercial properties. The local topography is flat with multi-storey buildings.

The equipment was owned and operated by Watercare. The site was commissioned 09

July 2013 and decommissioned 02 September 2013. Valid reported data started from

10 July 2013 (as defined below). The ambient air quality monitoring station location

was selected by Hawke’s Bay Regional Council.

Pollutants

(inlet height at 3m)

CO (11/07/13), NOx (12/07/13) O3 (10/07/13),

and PM10 (11/07/13)

Weather Parameters

(mast height at 6m)

Wind, Ambient Temperature and Relative Humidity

(10/07/13)

Site Location



Figure 1: Map of Napier and Hastings Air Quality Monitoring Sites

Napier

Hastings



5 Methods

This section provides the methodology and processes used in the measurement of CO,

NO2, SO2, O3, PM10 and the meteorological parameters

5.1 Quality Assurance

All monitoring services undertaken by Watercare were in accordance with the MfE ‘Good

Practice Guide for Air Quality Monitoring and Data Management’ (GPG) 2009. Watercare

is accredited by International Accreditation New Zealand (IANZ) for the following relevant

methods:

AS 3580.7.1 – 2011: Determination of carbon monoxide – Direct-reading

instrumental method.

AS 3580.5.1 – 2011: Determination of oxides of nitrogen – Direct-reading


AS 3580.4.1 – 2008: Determination of sulfur dioxide – Direct-reading


AS/NZS 3580.9.11 – 2008: Determination of suspended particulate matter – PM10

beta attenuation monitors.

All pollutant results in this summary report have been validated and calculated to

standard temperature (0°C) and pressure (1atm). The instruments continuously measure

the parameters allowing data to be analysed and reported from 10-minute data points to

a variety of average periods, including 1-hour, 24-hour and one year. Watercare

provided the following monitoring services:

Instrument operation, calibration and maintenance:

This included monthly visits and the use of automatic alternate day calibration

systems for all continuous gas monitors. This ensured that the requirements of

the relevant Australian Standards for weekly calibration of continuous analysers

were met.

Data logging, daily polling, checking, validation, peer review and reporting:

This encompassed the entire data quality assurance process ensuring that the

final data set reported is correct and valid data capture is achieved. Data was

logged onsite and download at regular intervals during the day via a wireless

router to Watercare’s data management and reporting software. Subsequently,

the data is checked, validated and reported in line with the GPG.

5.2 Carbon Monoxide

Measurements were made in accordance with AS 3580.7.1 – 2011 using an Ecotech

model 9830B at Napier and an API model 300EM at Hastings. The instruments are

infrared absorption gas analysers which continuously measures carbon monoxide.

5.3 Nitrogen Oxides

Measurements were made in accordance with AS 3580.5.1 – 2011 using an API model

200E at both sites. The instruments are chemiluminescence gas analysers which

continuously measures nitrogen oxides.



5.4 Sulfur Dioxide

Measurements were made in accordance with AS 3580.4.1 – 2008 using an API model

T100 at Napier. The instrument is an ultraviolet fluorescence gas analyser, which

continuously measures sulfur dioxide.

5.5 Ozone

Measurements were made in accordance with AS 3580.6.1 – 2011: Determination of

ozone – Direct-reading instrumental method using an API model 400E at Hastings. The

instrument is an ultraviolet photometric gas analyser, which continuously measures

ozone.

5.6 Particulate Matter

Measurements were made in accordance with AS/NZS 3580.9.11 – 2008 using a Thermo

model FH62-C14 at Napier and a Thermo model 5014i at Hastings. The instruments are

Beta Attenuation Monitors (BAM), which continuously measures particulate matter.

5.7 Meteorological Parameters

Measurements were made with reference to AS 3580.14 – 2011: Meteorological

monitoring for ambient air quality monitoring applications and Watercare’s quality

system. All parameters were measured using a Vaisala model WXT520.



6 Results

This section provides the site performance and an overview of the results for CO, NO2, SO2,

O3, PM10 and the meteorological parameters.

6.1 Site Performance

The MfE GPG 2009 suggests that it is difficult to reach anything close to 100% valid data for

long-term monitoring. As such site performance has been evaluated against a target of

95%. The per cent of valid data is defined as the per cent of valid data following quality

assurance adjustments.

Valid data was excellent (greater than 95%) for almost all parameters monitored except for

O3 at Hastings. Table 3 shows overall site performance for the reporting period.

Table 3: Site Performance – 10 July to 02 September 2013

Site Parameter Averaging

Period

Valid Data

(%) Site Notes

Napier

CO 10 min 98 -

NO2 10 min 97 -

SO2 10 min 97 -

PM10 10 min 96 -

Met 10 min 100 -

Hastings

CO 10 min 98 -

NO2 10 min 98 -

O3 10 min 79

Sample flow was blocked – Data was

invalidated from 21/07/13 00:10 to

01/08/13 12:30 at the scheduled

site visit

PM10 10 min 99 -

Met 10 min 100 -



6.2 Carbon Monoxide (CO)

Table 4 presents a statistical summary of validated CO 1-hour and 8-hour averages that

have been calculated from 10-minute averages. There were no exceedences of the air

quality standards or guidelines listed in Table 1. The results of CO measured from 11 July to

02 September 2013 are shown graphically in Figure 2 to Figure 7. The CO maximum 1-hour

average concentrations occurred on different days at the two sites. On average CO

concentrations at Hastings were twice as high as CO concentrations at Napier.

At Napier the 1-hour CO concentrations were predominantly from the west-northwest

(Figure 4) and CO concentrations were less than 5mg/m³. At Hastings the 1-hour CO

concentrations were predominantly from the southwest to west-southwest (Figure 5) and

CO concentrations were greater than 5mg/m³ from the west-southwest to west-northwest.

From the diurnal variation (Figure 6) the average CO concentrations were elevated in the

morning, likely due to traffic, and in the evening, likely due to domestic heating and calm

conditions. At Napier the morning peak was from 08:00 to 11:00 and the evening peak was

from 17:00 to 23:00. At Hasting the morning peak was from 07:00 to 10:00 and the higher

evening peak was from 18:00 to 02:00. The Hastings CO concentrations were higher than

Napier especially during morning and evening.

CO concentrations measured at Napier were in the excellent” to “good” EPI categories for

both 1-hour and 8-hour averages (Figure 7). CO concentrations measured at Hastings were

in the “excellent” to “acceptable” EPI categories for 1-hour averages and “excellent” to

“alert” EPI categories for 8-hour averages.

Table 4: CO Statistics and Exceedences – 11 July to 02 September 2013

CO

(mg/m3)

Napier Hastings

CO 1-hour

average

CO 8-hour rolling

average

CO 1-hour

average

CO 8-hour rolling

average

Maximum 3.6

(18/07/13 02:00)

2.0

(19/07/13 22:00)

10.1

(16/07/13 22:00)

7.1

(17/07/13 01:00)

Average 0.5 0.5 1.0 1.0

Minimum 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1

Exceedences

NES Not Applicable Nil Not Applicable Nil

AAQG Nil Nil Nil Nil



0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

11-Jul 21-Jul 31-Jul 10-Aug 20-Aug 30-Aug

CO

Concentr

ation (

mg/m

3)

Date

Napier Hastings

HBRC, Napier and Hastings

CO – 1-hour Averages


Figure 2: HBRC, Napier and Hastings: CO (1-hour averages)



0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12


CO

Concentr

ation (

mg/m

3)

Date

Napier Hastings


CO – 8-hour Rolling Averages


Figure 3: HBRC, Napier and Hastings: CO (8-hour rolling averages)

NES = 10mg/m3



HBRC, Napier

CO Pollution Rose – 1-hour Averages


Figure 4: HBRC, Napier: CO Pollution Rose (1-hour averages)



HBRC, Hastings

CO Pollution Rose – 1-hour Averages


Figure 5: HBRC, Hastings: CO Pollution Rose (1-hour averages)



0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

CO

Concentr

ation (

mg/m

3)

Time

Napier Hastings


CO Diurnal Variation –1-hour Averages


Figure 6: HBRC, Napier and Hastings: CO Diurnal Variation (1-hour averages)



Napier 1hr Napier 8hr Hastings 1hr Hastings 8hr

Site

Action 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

Alert 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.2%

Acceptable 0.0% 0.0% 0.1% 1.6%

Good 0.4% 13.2% 6.2% 37.2%

Excellent 99.6% 86.8% 93.7% 61.0%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Dis

trib

ution (

%)


CO Distribution of EPI Categories


Figure 7: HBRC, Napier and Hastings: CO Comparison of EPI Categories (1-hour and 8-hour averages)



6.3 Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)

Table 5 presents a statistical summary of validated NO2 1-hour and 24-hour averages that


quality standards or guidelines listed in Table 1. The results of NO2 measured from 12 July

to 02 September 2013 are shown graphically in Figure 8 to Figure 14. The NO2 maximum 1-

hour average concentrations occurred on different days at the two sites (Table 5). On

average NO2 concentrations were higher at Hastings at than at Napier.

At Napier the 1-hour NO2 concentrations were predominantly from the west-northwest

(Figure 11) and NO2 concentrations were greater than 50µg/m³ from the east-northeast to

east. At Hastings the 1-hour NO2 concentrations were predominantly from the southwest to

west-southwest (Figure 12) and NO2 concentrations were greater than 40µg/m³ from all

directions.

From the diurnal variation (Figure 13) the average NO2 concentrations were elevated in the

morning and were elevated higher in the evening, likely due to traffic and calm conditions.

At Napier the morning peak was from 09:00 to 11:00 and the evening peak was from 16:00

to 19:00. At Hasting the morning peak was from 08:00 to 10:00 and the evening peak was

prolonged from 17:00 to 22:00. The Hastings NO2 concentrations were higher than Napier

especially during the evening.

NO2 concentrations measured at Napier were in the “excellent” to “good” EPI categories for

both 1-hour and 24-hour averages (Figure 14). NO2 concentrations measured at Hastings

were in the “excellent” to “acceptable” EPI categories for both 1-hour and 24-hour

averages.

Table 5: NO2 Statistics and Exceedences – 12 July to 02 September 2013

NO2 (µg/m3)

Napier Hastings

NO2 1-hour

average

NO2 24-hour

average

NO2 1-hour

average

NO2 24-hour

average

Maximum 53.8

(19/07/13 10:00)

28.1

(18/07/13)

79.7

(25/07/13 18:00)

34.2

(15/08/13)

Average 16.6 16.4 21.6 21.6

Minimum 0.1 7.8 0.2 7.2

Exceedences

NES Nil Not Applicable Nil Not Applicable

AAQG Nil Nil Nil Nil



0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

12-Jul 22-Jul 01-Aug 11-Aug 21-Aug 31-Aug

NO

2Concentr

ation (

µg/m

3)

Date

Napier Hastings


NO2 – 1-hour Averages


Figure 8: HBRC, Napier and Hastings: NO2 (1-hour averages)



0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900


NO

xas N

O2

Concentr

ation (

µg/m

3)

Date

Napier Hastings


NOx as NO2 – 1-hour Averages


Figure 9: HBRC, Napier and Hastings: NOx as NO2 (1-hour averages)



0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50


NO

2Concentr

ation (

µg/m

3)

Date

Napier Hastings


NO2 – 24-hour Averages


Figure 10: HBRC, Napier and Hastings: NO2 (24-hour averages)



HBRC, Napier

NO2 Pollution Rose – 1-hour Averages


Figure 11: HBRC, Napier: NO2 Pollution Rose (1-hour averages)



HBRC, Hastings

NO2 Pollution Rose – 1-hour Averages


Figure 12: HBRC, Hastings: NO2 Pollution Rose (1-hour averages)



0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

NO

2Concentr

ation (

µg/m

3)

Date

Napier Hastings


NO2 Diurnal Variation –1-hour Averages


Figure 13: HBRC, Napier and Hastings: NO2 Diurnal Variation (1-hour averages)



Napier 1hr Napier 24hr Hastings 1hr Hastings 24hr

Site

Action 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

Alert 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

Acceptable 0.0% 0.0% 0.2% 2.0%

Good 31.6% 94.1% 47.4% 94.1%

Excellent 68.4% 5.9% 52.3% 3.9%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Dis

trib

ution (

%)


NO2 Distribution of EPI Categories


Figure 14: HBRC, Napier and Hastings: NO2 Comparison of EPI Categories (1-hour and 24-hour averages)



6.4 Sulfur Dioxide (SO2)

Table 6 presents a statistical summary of validated SO2 1-hour and 24-hour averages that


quality standards or guidelines listed in Table 1. The results of SO2 measured from 12 July

to 02 September 2013 are shown graphically in Figure 15 to Figure 19. The SO2 maximum

1-hour average concentrations of 14.9µg/m3 occurred on 19 July 2013 at 19:00 (Table 6).

At Napier the 1-hour SO2 concentrations were predominantly from the west-northwest

(Figure 17) and SO2 concentrations were less than 15µg/m³.

From the diurnal variation (Figure 18) the average SO2 concentrations were elevated in the

morning and were elevated higher in the evening, likely due to traffic and calm conditions.

At Napier the morning peak was from 08:00 to 11:00 and the evening peak was from 16:00

to 20:00.

SO2 concentrations measured at Napier were low and in the “excellent” EPI category for

both 1-hour and 24-hour averages (Figure 19).

Table 6: SO2 Statistics and Exceedences – 12 July to 02 September 2013

SO2 (µg/m3) Napier

SO2 1-hour average SO2 24-hour average

Maximum 14.9 (19/07/13 19:00) 4.9 (19/07/13)

Average 2.5 2.5

Minimum 0.0 0.5

Exceedences

NES Nil Not Applicable

AAQG Nil Nil



0

5

10

15

20

25

30


SO

2Concentr

ation (

µg/m

3)

Date

Napier

HBRC, Napier

SO2 – 1-hour Averages


Figure 15: HBRC, Napier: SO2 (1-hour averages)



0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

12/07/2013 22/07/2013 01/08/2013 11/08/2013 21/08/2013 31/08/2013

SO

2Concentr

ation (

µg/m

3)

Date

Napier

HBRC, Napier

SO2 – 24-hour Averages


Figure 16: HBRC, Napier: SO2 (24-hour averages)



HBRC, Napier

SO2 Pollution Rose – 1-hour Averages


Figure 17: HBRC, Napier: SO2 Pollution Rose (1-hour averages)



0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

SO

2Concentr

ation (

µg/m

3)

Date

Napier

HBRC, Napier

SO2 Diurnal Variation –1-hour Averages


Figure 18: HBRC, Napier: SO2 Diurnal Variation (1-hour averages)



Napier 1hr Napier 24hr

Site

Action 0% 0%

Alert 0% 0%

Acceptable 0% 0%

Good 0% 0%

Excellent 100% 100%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Dis

trib

ution (

%)

HBRC, Napier

SO2 Distribution of EPI Categories


Figure 19: HBRC, Napier: SO2 Comparison of EPI Categories (1-hour and 24-hour averages)



6.5 Ozone (O3)

Table 7 presents a statistical summary of validated O3 1-hour and 8-hour averages that


quality standards or guidelines listed in Table 1. The results of O3 measured from 10 July to

02 September 2013 are shown graphically in Figure 20 to Figure 24. The O3 maximum 1-

hour average concentrations of 78.4µg/m3 occurred on 04 August 2013 at 07:00 (Table 7).

At Hastings the 1-hour O3 concentrations were predominantly from the southwest to west-

southwest (Figure 22) and O3 concentrations were greater than 60µg/m³ from all directions.

From the diurnal variation (Figure 23) the average O3 concentrations began to elevate in the

morning and decrease with the sunset around 17:30. At Hastings the late morning to

afternoon peak was from 10:00 to 18:00, likely due to the morning traffic related

compounds and calm conditions.

O3 concentrations measured at Hastings were in the “excellent” to “acceptable” EPI

categories for 1-hour averages and “excellent” to “alert” EPI categories for 8-hour averages

(Figure 24).

Table 7: O3 Statistics and Exceedences – 10 July to 02 September 2013

O3

(µg/m3)

Hastings

O3 1-hour average O3 8-hour rolling average

Maximum 78.4

(04/08/13 07:00)

73.8

(15/07/13 05:00)

Average 40.4 40.3

Minimum 2.9 4.8

Exceedences

NES Not Applicable Nil

AAQG Nil Nil



0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

120


O3

Concentr

ation (

µg/m

3)

Date

Hastings

HBRC, Hastings

O3 – 1-hour Averages


Figure 20: HBRC, Hastings: O3 (1-hour averages)



0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

120


O3

Concentr

ation (

µg/m

3)

Date

Hastings

HBRC, Hastings

O3 – 8-hour Rolling Averages


Figure 21: HBRC, Hastings: O3 (8-hour rolling averages)

AAQG = 100µg/m3




O3 Pollution Rose – 1-hour Averages


Figure 22: HBRC, Napier and Hastings: O3 Pollution Rose (1-hour averages)



0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

O3

Concentr

ation (

µg/m

3)

Time

Hastings

HBRC, Hastings

O3 Diurnal Variation –1-hour Averages


Figure 23: HBRC, Hastings: O3 Diurnal Variation (1-hour averages)



Hastings 1hr Hastings 8hr

Site

Action 0.0% 0.0%

Alert 0.0% 7.1%

Acceptable 37.5% 59.9%

Good 46.9% 27.5%

Excellent 15.6% 5.5%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Dis

trib

ution (

%)

HBRC, Hastings

O3 Distribution of EPI Categories


Figure 24: HBRC, Hastings: O3 Comparison of EPI Categories (1-hour and 8-hour averages)



6.6 Particulate Matter as PM10

Table 8 presents a statistical summary of validated PM10 24-hour averages that have been

calculated from 10-minute averages. There were six exceedences of the ambient air quality

standards and guidelines listed in Table 1 at Hastings. The results of PM10 measured from 11

July to 02 September 2013 are shown graphically in Figure 25 to Figure 31. The PM10

maximum 24-hour average concentrations occurred on different days at the two sites. On

average PM10 concentrations were higher at Hastings than at Napier. At Hastings the PM10

concentrations were below 62µg/m3 for 95 per cent of the monitoring period while Napier

was below 33µg/m3.

At Napier the 1-hour PM10 concentrations were predominantly from the west-northwest

(Figure 27) and PM10 concentrations were greater than 100µg/m³ from the east and west-

northwest. At Hastings the 1-hour PM10 concentrations were predominantly from the

southwest to west-southwest (Figure 28) and PM10 concentrations were greater than

100µg/m³ from the east-northeast, east-southeast, west-southwest to west-northwest and

north-northwest.

From the diurnal variation (Figure 29) the average PM10 concentrations were elevated in the

morning, likely due to traffic, and in the evening, likely due to domestic heating and calm

conditions. At Napier the morning peak was from 10:00 to 11:00 and the evening peak was

from 17:00 to 22:00. At Hasting the morning peak was from 08:00 to 10:00 and the

evening peak was higher and prolonged from 19:00 to 02:00. The Hastings PM10

concentrations were higher than Napier from 19:00 to 09:00.

PM10 concentrations measured at Napier were in the “good” to “alert” EPI categories for 24-

hour averages (Figure 30). PM10 concentrations measured at Hastings were in the “good” to

“action” EPI categories for 24-hour averages.

Table 8: PM10 Statistics and Exceedences – 11 July to 02 September 2013

PM10 (µg/m3) Napier Hastings

PM10 24-hour average PM10 24-hour average

Maximum 39 (01/08/13) 78 (18/07/13)

95 percentile 33 62

Average 20 28

Minimum 7 7

Exceedences

NES Nil 6

AAQG Nil 6

The six PM10 exceedences listed in Table 9 shows that there were three exceedences on

three consecutive days. The exceedences occurred on different days of the week and five

out of six occurred during July. The 10-minute calm conditions (winds less than 0.5m/s)

greater than 25% for every day .The daily pattern of these exceedences (Figure 31) shows

that the elevated PM10 concentrations occurred in the evenings from 19:00.



Table 9: PM10 Exceedences Summary – 11 July to 02 September 2013

Date Day PM10 (µg/m³) Calm (%)1

16/07/2013 Monday 64 25.0

17/07/2013 Tuesday 74 45.8

18/07/2013 Wednesday 78 47.9

24/07/2013 Tuesday 56 31.9

27/07/2013 Friday 61 27.1

01/08/2013 Sunday 51 33.3

1Based on 10-minute time-based



0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400


PM

10

Concentr

ation (

µg/m

3)

Date

Napier Hastings


PM10 – 1-hour Averages


Figure 25: HBRC, Napier and Hastings: PM10 (1-hour averages)



0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100


PM

10

Concentr

ation (

µg/m

3)

Date

Napier Hastings


PM10 – 24-hour Averages


Figure 26: HBRC, Napier and Hastings: PM10 (24-hour averages)

NES = 50µg/m3



HBRC, Napier

PM10 Pollution Rose – 1-hour Averages


Figure 27: HBRC, Napier: PM10 Pollution Rose (1-hour averages)



HBRC, Hastings

PM10 Pollution Rose – 1-hour Averages


Figure 28: HBRC, Hastings: PM10 Pollution Rose (1-hour averages)



0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

PM

10

Concentr

ation (

µg/m

3)

Date

Napier Hastings


PM10 Diurnal Variation – 1-hour Averages


Figure 29: HBRC, Napier and Hastings: PM10 Diurnal Variation (1-hour averages)



Napier 24hr Hastings 24hr

Site

Action 0.0% 11.1%

Alert 3.9% 20.4%

Acceptable 54.9% 37.0%

Good 41.2% 31.5%

Excellent 0.0% 0.0%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Dis

trib

ution (

%)


PM10 Distribution of EPI Categories


Figure 30: HBRC, Napier and Hastings: PM10 Comparison of EPI Categories (1-hour and 24-hour averages)



0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

PM

10

Concentr

ation (

µg/m

3)

Date

16/07/2013

17/07/2013

18/07/2013

24/07/2013

27/07/2013

01/08/2013


PM10 Exceedence Diurnal Variation – 1-hour Averages


Figure 31: HBRC, Napier and Hastings: PM10 Diurnal Variation (1-hour averages)



6.7 Meteorological Parameters

6.7.1 Ambient Temperature and Relative Humidity

The ambient temperature (Table 10) on a daily basis had an average of 10.6°C at Napier

and 9.9°C at Hastings. The daily ambient temperature ranged from 1.7 to 19.9°C at Napier

and -0.4 to 20.8°C at Hastings. These are graphical displayed in Figure 32 to Figure 34 with

July temperatures lower than August.

From the diurnal variation (Figure 34) the average ambient temperatures were elevated

from 10:00 to 18:00. The Napier ambient temperatures were higher than Hastings

especially during the morning and evening.

Daily relative humidity (Table 11) was the highest on the 04 August 2013 and the lowest on

14 August 2013 at both sites. The Hastings relative humidity levels were higher than

Napier. The 1-hour relative humidity graphs are displayed in Figure 35.

Table 10: Ambient Temperature Statistics – 10 July to 02 September 2013

Ambient

Temperature

(°C)

Napier Hastings

1-hour average 24-hour average 1-hour average 24-hour average

Maximum 19.9

(08/08/13 15:00)

14.8

(08/08/13)

20.8

(08/08/13 15:00)

13.5

(07/08/13)

Average 10.6 10.6 9.9 9.9

Minimum 1.7

(17/07/13 05:00)

6.2

(15/07/13)

-0.4

(17/07/13 07:00)

5.6

(15/07/13)

Table 11: Relative Humidity Statistics – 10 July to 02 September 2013

Relative

Humidity (%)

Napier Hastings

1-hour average 24-hour average 1-hour average 24-hour average

Maximum 92.6

(23/07/13 06:00)

90.9

(04/08/13)

93.4

(23/07/13 08:00)

90.2

(04/08/13)

Average 74.6 74.5 75.4 75.3

Minimum 36.6

(14/08/13 13:00)

51.2

(14/08/13)

31.2

(24/08/13 14:00)

51.4

(14/08/13)



-5

0

5

10

15

20

25


Am

bie

nt

Tem

pera

ture

(°C)

Date

Napier Hastings


Temperature (1-hour average)


Figure 32: HBRC, Napier and Hastings: Ambient Temperature (1-hour averages)



0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20


Am

bie

nt

tem

pera

ture

(°C)

Date

Napier Hastings


Ambient Temperature (24-hour average)


Figure 33: HBRC, Napier and Hastings: Ambient Temperature (24-hour averages)



0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Am

bie

nt

Tem

pera

ture

(°C)

Date

Napier Hastings


Ambient Temperature Diurnal Variation – 1-hour Averages


Figure 34: HBRC, Napier and Hastings: Ambient Temperature Diurnal Variation (1-hour averages)



0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100


Rela

tive H

um

idity (

%)

Date

Napier Hastings


Relative Humidity (1-hour average)


Figure 35: HBRC, Napier and Hastings: Relative Humidity (1-hour averages)



6.7.2 Wind Speed and Direction

The average wind speed (Table 12) was 1.6m/s at Napier and 1.5m/s at Hastings. The

strongest hourly wind was 7.3m/s at Napier and 5.4m/s at Hastings. The wind was

higher in August 2013 than in July 2013. The wind graphs are displayed in Figure 36 to

Figure 39.

From the diurnal variation (Figure 40) the average wind speeds peaked in the afternoon.

At Napier the peak was from 10:00 to 17:00 and at Hasting the peak was from 11:00 to

18:00. The Napier wind speeds were higher than Hastings from 05:00 to 15:00 and from

19:00 to 03:00.

Table 12 presents a wind speed and wind direction summary during the monitoring

period. Winds predominantly came from the west-northwest at Napier and from the

southwest to west-southwest at Hastings. Calm phases (winds less than 0.5 m/s)

occurred for 12.0% of the monitoring period at Napier and 10.0% at Hastings.

Table 12: Wind Statistics – 10 July to 02 September 2013

Wind

Average

Wind Speed

(m/s)

Maximum

Speed Wind

(m/s)

Main Wind

Direction(s) Calm (%)

Napier 1.6 7.3

(11/07/13 02:00) WNW 12.0

Hastings 1.5 5.4

(21/08/13 17:00) SW-WSW 10.0



0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10


Win

d S

peed (

m/s

)

Date

Napier Hastings


Wind Speed 1-hour average


Figure 36: HBRC, Napier and Hastings: Wind Speed (1-hour averages)



0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400


Win

d D

irection (

°)

Date

Napier Hastings


Wind Speed 1-hour average


Figure 37: HBRC, Napier and Hastings: Wind Direction (1-hour averages)



HBRC, Napier

Wind Rose 1-hour average


Figure 38: HBRC, Napier and Hastings: Wind Rose (1-hour averages)



HBRC, Hastings

Wind Rose 1-hour average


Figure 39: HBRC, Hastings: Wind Rose (1-hour averages)



0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Win

d S

peed (

m/s

)

Date

Napier Hastings


Wind Speed Diurnal Variation – 1-hour Averages


Figure 40: HBRC, Napier and Hastings: Wind Speed Diurnal Variation (1-hour averages)



7 Instrument History

Napier

Instrument Date Unit ID Make and Model Planned Maintenance Service Information Technician

Gas Analyser – Carbon Monoxide

11/07/2013 10028477 Ecotech 9830B Six-Monthly Maintenance Commissioned Manoj Sharma

01/08/2013 10028477 Ecotech 9830B Monthly Maintenance Recalibration Jonathan Harland

02/09/2013 10028477 Ecotech 9830B Monthly Maintenance Decommissioned Manoj Sharma

Gas Analyser – Nitrogen Oxides

12/07/2013 10028345 API 200E Six-Monthly Maintenance Commissioned Manoj Sharma

01/08/2013 10028345 API 200E Monthly Maintenance Recalibration Jonathan Harland

02/09/2013 10028345 API 200E Monthly Maintenance Decommissioned Manoj Sharma

Gas Analyser – Sulfur Dioxide

12/07/2013 10072198 API T100 Six-Monthly Maintenance Commissioned Manoj Sharma

01/08/2013 10072198 API T100 Monthly Maintenance Recalibration Jonathan Harland

02/09/2013 10072198 API T100 Monthly Maintenance Decommissioned Manoj Sharma

Particulate Monitor – BAM

11/07/2013 10028318 Thermo FH62C14 Six-Monthly Maintenance Commissioned Manoj Sharma

01/08/2013 10028318 Thermo FH62C14 Monthly Maintenance Recalibration Jonathan Harland

02/09/2013 10028318 Thermo FH62C14 Monthly Maintenance Decommissioned Manoj Sharma

Meteorological Sensor

09/07/2013 10028381 WTX520 Six-Monthly Maintenance Commissioned Joao Pinheiro

02/09/2013 10028381 WTX520 Monthly Maintenance Decommissioned Manoj Sharma

Air Quality Location

09/07/2013 H009 HBRC Annual Maintenance Commissioned Manoj Sharma

02/09/2013 H009 HBRC Monthly Maintenance Decommissioned Manoj Sharma



Hastings

Instrument Date Unit ID Make and Model Planned Maintenance Service Information Technician

Gas Analyser – Carbon Monoxide

11/07/2013 10028349 API 300EM Six-Monthly Maintenance Commissioned Manoj Sharma

01/08/2013 10028349 API 300EM Monthly Maintenance Recalibration Jonathan Harland

02/09/2013 10028349 API 300EM Monthly Maintenance Decommissioned Manoj Sharma

Gas Analyser – Nitrogen Oxides



16/08/2013 10028472 API 200E Call out Recalibration Bhupesh Kaushal


Gas Analyser – Ozone




Particulate Monitor – BAM

11/07/2013 30000807 Thermo 5014i Six-Monthly Maintenance Commissioned Manoj Sharma

01/08/2013 30000807 Thermo 5014i Monthly Maintenance Recalibration Jonathan Harland

02/09/2013 30000807 Thermo 5014i Monthly Maintenance Decommissioned Manoj Sharma

Meteorological Sensor

09/07/2013 10028382 WTX520 Six-Monthly Maintenance Commissioned Joao Pinheiro

02/09/2013 10028382 WTX520 Monthly Maintenance Decommissioned Manoj Sharma

Air Quality Location

09/07/2013 H010 HBRC Annual Maintenance Commissioned Manoj Sharma

02/09/2013 H010 HBRC Monthly Maintenance Decommissioned Manoj Sharma



8 References

New Zealand Ministry for the Environment (2009). Good-practice Guide for Air Quality

Monitoring and Data Management. MfE, Wellington, New Zealand.

New Zealand Ministry for the Environment (2009). Ambient Air Quality Guidelines. MfE,

Wellington, New Zealand.

New Zealand Government (2011). Resource management (National Environmental

Standards for air quality) amendment regulations 2011. Wellington, New Zealand.

Standards Australia (2008). AS 3580.4.1 – 2008. Determination of sulfur dioxide – Direct-

reading instrumental method. Standards Australia, Sydney, Australia.

Standards Australia (2011). AS 3580.5.1 – 2011. Determination of oxides of nitrogen –

Direct-reading instrumental method. Standards Australia, Sydney, Australia.

Standards Australia (2011). AS 3580.6.1 – 2011. Determination of ozone—Direct-reading

instrumental method. Standards Australia, Sydney, Australia.

Standards Australia (2011). AS 3580.7.1 – 2011. Determination of carbon monoxide –

Direct reading instrumental method. Standards Australia, Sydney, Australia.

Standards Australian/New Zealand (2008). AS/NZS 3580.9.11 – 2008. Determination of

suspended particulate matter – PM10 beta attenuation monitors. Standards Australia,

Sydney, Australia.

Standards Australia (2011). AS 3580.14–2011 Meteorological monitoring for ambient air

quality monitoring applications. Standards Australia, Sydney, Australia.

hawke’s bay regional council · hbrc, napier and hastings 10 july to 02 september 2013 watercare...

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