Hawaii Water Audit Validation Effort (WAVE) Program Update

August 29, 2018Kahului, HI

Hawaii W.A.V.E.

• Water

• Audit

• Validation

• Effort

Overview

• Act 169, SLH 2016, Requirements

• Hawaii WAVE Program

• County‐owned audit results

• Large‐capacity/WMA systems update

• Next steps

Act 169, SLH 2016, Relating to Water Audits

• Act 169 helps to implement the Commission’s Water Conservation Plan (2013)

• Requires Commission to implement water audit program

• Commission will provide technical assistance & training at no cost to the utility (i.e., FREE!)

• Affects ~100 public water systems• 1st County‐owned• 2nd Large capacity (serving population ≥ 1000) or within designated water management areas

• Annual validated audits are due to the Commission on July 1

Act 169, SLH 2016, Relating to Water Audits

• Phase 1 County water audits due July 1, 2018

• Phase 2 Large Capacity & WMA water audits due July 1, 2020

• AWWA water audits must be Level 1 Validated

Act 169, SLH 2016, Relating to Water Audits

• Act 169 authorizes $600,000 federal and $100,000 private funding

• U.S. Environmental Protection Agency / Hawaii Department of Health / Hawaii Community Foundation

• Contract with Water Systems Optimization, Inc. to assist Commission

Regulatory Background

AWWA Methodology 

Basic Reporting

No Requirement

Water Loss Reporting Requirements

AWWA Methodology& Third Party Validation 

Determine Loss Volumes

Evaluate Economics

Implement Interventions

• AWWA water audit

• Apparent & Real Loss volumes

• breakdown of types of leakage

• sources of Apparent Loss

• costs of losses

• costs of intervention strategies

• leak detection

• repair time improvement

• pressure management

• cost effective!

Distinguish Types of Leaks

Water Loss Control Program

Benefits of Water Loss Control

Water Money Data

AWWAWater Balance

Water Supplied100

Authorized Consumption

90

Billed Authorized Consumption

80

Billed Metered Consumption75

Revenue Water80

Billed Unmetered Consumption5

Unbilled Authorized Consumption

10

Unbilled Metered Consumption8

Non‐Revenue Water20

Unbilled Unmetered Consumption2

Water Losses10

Apparent Losses3

Unauthorized Consumption1

Customer Metering Inaccuracies1

Systematic Data Handling Errors1

Real Losses7

Apparent Losses Real Losses

Types of Water Loss

Hawaii WAVE is a Water Audit Training and Technical Assistance Program

WAVE 1: Outreach & Introductory workshops

WAVE 2: Follow‐up conference calls

WAVE 3: Outreach & Intermediate workshops

WAVE 4: Follow‐up conference calls

Phase 1 County‐owned Public Water Systems

• WAVE 1: Conducted five 2‐day workshops in 4 counties• Day 1: Introduction to water audits, AWWA Water Audit Spreadsheet, data review

• Day 2: Identification of system boundaries, sources of water supplied, customer meter records, practice audits

• Trained 32 individuals from four county water departments• Delineated 45 discrete sub‐systems

• Kauai – 9• Oahu – 5• Maui – 10• Hawaii – 21

Phase 1 County‐owned Public Water Systems

• WAVE 2: Completed follow‐up teleconferences, data and validation review, received completed audits on time from all counties, technical memos

• WAVE 3: Completed workshops February‐March 2018; “official” audit preparation

• WAVE 4: Completed validation calls and evaluated supporting documentation

• All inaugural water audits submitted by July 1, 2018

Real Loss Results

Summary of Real Loss Performance Indicators by County (CY2017)

CountyCount of 

System AuditsTotal Rate of Real 

Loss (MGD)

Total Cost of Real Losses 

($/yr)

Real Losses per Service Connection 

(gal./con/day)

Real Losses per Mile of Main 

(gal/mile/day)

Cost of Real Losses per Mile of Main ($/mile/yr)

Hawaii 16 4 $1,786,451 214 4,566 $1,863Honolulu 4 16 $2,352,716 97 8,077 $1,210Kauai 6 1 $347,117 61 3,148 $938Maui 9 3 $1,338,185 79 3,738 $1,751Total 35 24 $5,824,469 101 5,970 $1,443* Audits presenting unrealistic results have been removed from this summary.

Wave 4 Normalized Real Loss Results by County

Apparent Loss Results

Summary of Apparent Loss Performance Indicators by County (CY2017)

County

Count of System Audits

Customer Metering 

Inaccuracy (%)

Total Rate of Apparent Loss 

(MGD)

Total Cost of Apparent 

Losses ($/yr)

Apparent Losses per Connection per Day 

(gal/con/day)

Cost of Apparent Losses per Connection per Year 

($/con/yr)Hawaii 16 5% 1.4 $1,856,551 68 $91Honolulu 4 2% 3.1 $5,249,221 19 $32Kauai 6 2% 0.3 $539,910 14 $28Maui 9 6% 2.2 $3,510,310 60 $97Total 35 ‐ 7 $11,155,991 29 $47* System audits presenting unrealistic results have been excluded from this summary

Wave 4 Apparent Loss Results by County

Common Opportunities Phase 1 County‐owned PWS

Data Management

Real Loss Recovery

Apparent Loss Recovery

• Regular master meter volumetric testing and calibration• Customer meter testing program development• Billing database auditing ‐ detailed review of underlying raw consumption 

data

• Data management refinements will likely take priority over loss recovery• Pressure surveys to assess opportunities to modify pressure and mitigate 

transients• Comprehensive leak detection surveys to proactively find leaks for repair 

• Customer meter testing program development

Hawaii WAVE is a Water Audit Training and Technical Assistance Program

WAVE 1: Outreach & Introductory workshops

WAVE 2: Follow‐up conference calls

WAVE 3: Outreach & Intermediate workshops

WAVE 4: Follow‐up conference calls

Phase 2 Large Capacity & WMA Public Water Systems

• 51 PWS in four counties• Kauai – 4• Oahu – 30• Maui – 6• Lanai – 1• Molokai ‐5• Hawaii ‐ 5

Phase 2 Large Capacity / WMA Public Water Systems

• WAVE 1: Conducted eight 1‐day workshops on all islands Feb. –Apr. 2019

• 48 PWS represented• 77 individuals trained

• WAVE 2: Validation follow‐up calls Apr. – Jul. 2019

• 41 PWS validation calls completed• 25 follow‐up documents completed• Awaiting “practice audit” results

Phase 2 Hawaii WAVE Program Activity Q1 2018 2018 2018 2018

Q1 2019 2019 2019 2019

Q1 2020 2020

WAVE 1 Large Cap / WMA – Workshops

WAVE 2 Large Cap / WMA – Teleconferences

WAVE 3 Large Cap / WMA – Workshops

WAVE 4 Large Cap / WMA – Teleconferences

Schedule: Phase 2 Large Capacity & WMA Public Water Systems

Lessons & Challenges – Phases 1 & 2• Early outreach to industry is important – communication is key for buy‐in• Support from utility upper management critical• Utility audit team should include management, ops, engineering, billing/finance, IT

• Practically no source meter testing / meter installation quality control• We’re here to help: utilities are apprehensive• Large‐capacity PWS includes non‐utilities: school & hospital campuses; national parks

• AWWA water audit not ideally‐suited for non‐utility PWS• Military PWS not participating

Determine Loss Volumes

Evaluate Economics

Implement Interventions

• AWWA water audit

• Apparent & Real Loss volumes

• breakdown of types of leakage

• sources of Apparent Loss

• costs of losses

• costs of intervention strategies

• leak detection

• repair time improvement

• pressure management

• cost effective!

Distinguish Types of Leaks

Water Loss Control Program

Common Opportunities Phase 1 County‐owned PWS

Data Management

Real Loss Recovery

Apparent Loss Recovery

• Regular master meter volumetric testing and calibration• Customer meter testing program development• Billing database auditing ‐ detailed review of underlying raw consumption 

data

• Data management refinements will likely take priority over loss recovery• Pressure surveys to assess opportunities to modify pressure and mitigate 

transients• Comprehensive leak detection surveys to proactively find leaks for repair 

• Customer meter testing program development

Water Loss Control Benefits

Leak Detection

Meter Management Pressure Management

Data Management

Find leaks so you can repair them.

Make sure you are billing for allthe water you deliver.

Repair or replace large and smallcustomer meters with an optimal

schedule.

Increase or reduce pressure whereneeded. Decrease the frequency 

and intensity of transients.

Water LossHydraulic Understanding

Refined understanding of system hydraulics. 

Asset ManagementTarget assets for repair or

replacement

Opportunities for Project Implementation

• Hawai‘i DOH DWSRF loans• Bureau of Reclamation WaterSMART grants• Hawai‘i Rural Water Association• Rural Community Assistance Corporation• Utility hui to leverage resources• USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service programs??

Next Steps

• Continue to implement water audit program, monitor trends and review PWS steps to improve DVG and address system losses

• Motivate utilities to improve DVG and control water loss• Update briefing to Water Loss Control Committee• Pacific Water Conference 2020• Reevaluate Act 169 requirements

Mahalo

Questions?

Benefits of Water Loss Control

• Conserve water and energy

• Improve sustainability

• Defer source development

• Build credibility with ratepayers & stakeholders

Opportunities for Project Implementation

• Hawai‘i DOH DWSRF loans

• Bureau of Reclamation WaterSMART grants

PHASE 2 LARGE CAPACITY PWS AND PWS IN WATER MANAGEMENT AREAS POP SVC

117 Hawaiian BeachesHawaiian Beaches Water Company, Inc. 3430 1065

135 WaikoloaHawaii Water Service Company

12100 2446

146 Hawaii Volcanoes Nat.Park U.S. Dept. of Interior 3374 76156 Hawaiian Shores Hawaiian Shores Association 1310 450163 Kaupulehu Kaupulehu Water Company 1760 390204 Kapalua Kapalua Water Co., Ltd. 4200 555

205 KaanapaliHawaii Water Service Company 8000 700

222 Haleakala National Park National Park Service 1200 17229 Kualapuu Waiola O Molokai 500 172230 Hoolehua Dept of Hawaiian Home Lds 1900 460231 Maunaloa-Kaluakoi Waiola O Molokai/MPU 1000 358237 Lanai City Pulama Lanai 3000 1700239 Kalaupapa NHP National Park Service 110 138240 Hawaii Nature Center Hawaii Nature Center 75 3245 Kipu Waiola O Molokai 80 20248 Kawela Plantation Kawela Homeowners Assn. 520 156260 Kipahulu National Park Service 2000 4

303 Kunia VillageKunia Village Title Holding Corp. 650 138

304 Hawaii Country Club Hawaii Country Club 400 2306 Waimano Ridge Department of Health 400 52309 Waialua Sugar Pump 2 Dole Food Co., Inc. 400 120312 The Queen's Medical Center The Queen's Medical Center 3400 1314 St. Stephen's Diocesan Center Roman Catholic Church,HI 45 8

315 Kahuku Air BaseKahuku Water Association, Inc. 75 25

319 Kamehameha Schools Kamehameha Schools 4000 65320 Mililani Memorial Park Mililani Memorial Park 100 1324 Punahou School Punahou School 4000 10

325 Laie Water Company Laie Water Company 5577 700

326 Dillingham RanchNorth Shore Water Company, LLC 100 58

328 Kipapa Acres C.P.R. Kipapa Acres C.P.R. 43 15330 Sheraton Hotels Kyo-ya Co., Ltd. 2830 3337 Aliamanu US Army Dir of Public Wks 7513 545338 Dillingham Airfield Dept. of Transportation 1800 12341 Fort Shafter US Army Dir of Public Wks 8213 418

345 Schofield Barracks US Army Dir of Public Wks4055

8 1841346 Tripler Army Medical Cntr US Army Dir of Public Wks 5693 83348 Waiawa Correctional Facility Dept. of Public Safety 444 12354 Camp Stover NAVFAC Hawaii 595 200355 Barbers Point NAVFAC Hawaii 5256 1117

356 Marine Corps Base Hawaii U.S. Marine Corps1590

0 2555357 NCTAMS EASTPAC NAVFAC Hawaii 6470 186

360 Joint Base Pearl Harbor-Hickam NAVFAC Hawaii6523

0 7619

368 WaiaholeHawaii Housing Finance & Development Crp 300 104

370 Palehua Solar Observatory Gill Ewa Lands, LLC 50 7

371 Poamoho EstatesPoamoho Water Association, Inc. 50 13

372 Woodlands at Nuuanu Woodlands at Nuuanu AOAO 48 18

373The Queen's Medical Center West Oahu Potable The Queen's Medical Center 800 5

417 Gay & Robinson Gay & Robinson, Inc. 999 325425 Kokee State Park DLNR State Parks 2000 93428 Princeville Princeville Utilities Co., Inc 1698 1103430 PMRF U.S. Dept. of the Navy 1200 185

AWWA Water Audit MethodologyThe water balance and water loss control benefits

Methods: AWWA Water Balance

WaterSupplied

Authorized Consumption

WaterLosses

ApparentLoss

RealLoss

Non‐RevenueWater

BilledConsumption

UnbilledConsumption

RevenueWater

6053    25

Water Balance

Water Supplied100

Authorized Consumption

90

Billed Authorized Consumption

80

Billed Metered Consumption75

Revenue Water80

Billed Unmetered Consumption5

Unbilled Authorized Consumption

10

Unbilled Metered Consumption8

Non‐Revenue Water20

Unbilled Unmetered Consumption2

Water Losses10

Apparent Losses3

Unauthorized Consumption1

Customer Metering Inaccuracies1

Systematic Data Handling Errors1

Real Losses7

Performance Indicators

Volumes Values ValidityReal & Apparent Losses

Real & Apparent Losses per Connection per Day… per Connection per Day per PSI

Infrastructure Leakage Index

Cost of Real LossesCost of Apparent Losses

Data Validity Grades & Score

Performance Indicators – Percentages

Water Supplied: 1000Authorized Consumption: 900

Water Loss: 100

Water Loss (%): %10

Water Supplied: 800Authorized Consumption: 700

Water Loss: 100

Water Loss (%): %14

Year 1 Year 2

Performance Indicators – Infrastructure Leakage Index

Unavoidable Real Losses

Current Annual Real Losses

Current Annual Real LossesILI =

Unavoidable Annual Real Losses

Level 1 Water Audit Validation What is does and what it doesn’t 

Level 1 Validation 

Goals: quality and consistency

1. Review audit methodology and input determinations

2. Verify Data Validity Grade selections 

Guidance manual: Water Research Foundation 4639

Level 1 Validation Quality Matters

inaccuracy & uncertainty in 

inputs 

inaccuracy & uncertainty in 

results  

• Instruments

• Databases

• People

• Missing information

Sources of error:

Level 1 Validation 

Goals: Confirm interpretation of methodologyIdentify evident errorsAssign appropriate data validity grades

Outcomes:Appropriate data validity gradesRecommendations for further validation

Limitations: Does not correct errors in raw dataDoes not study instrument performance

Level 1 Validation Documentation

― People – auditor and validator

― Initial performance indicators

― Validated performance indicators

― Recommended changes (audit inputs, data validity grades)

― Remaining questions

― Recommendations for further validation

― Overall impression

Water Loss Control Benefits

Leak Detection

Meter Management Pressure Management

Data Management

Find leaks so you can repair them.

Make sure you are billing for allthe water you deliver.

Repair or replace large and smallcustomer meters with an optimal

schedule.

Increase or reduce pressure whereneeded. Decrease the frequency 

and intensity of transients.

Water LossHydraulic Understanding

Refined understanding of system hydraulics. 

Asset ManagementTarget assets for repair or

replacement

Thank YOU!