have fun with words by maria sarkar

8/11/2019 Have Fun With Words by Maria Sarkar

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Maria Sarkar


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Copyright Maria Sarkar

The right of Maria Sarkar to be identified as author of this work has

been asserted by her in accordance with section 77 and 78 of theCopyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced,

stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any

means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise,

without the prior permission of the publishers.

Any person who commits any unauthorized act in relation to thispublication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for

damages.

A CIP catalogue record for this title is available from the British

Library.

ISBN 978 1 84963 497 7

www.austinmacauley.com

First Published (2014)

Austin Macauley Publishers Ltd.

25 Canada Square

Canary Wharf

London

E14 5LB

Printed and bound in Great Britain


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About the author

Maria Sarkar, a graduate from the University of Hong Kong, with an

MA from the University of Grenoble, has taught English and French

in Hong Kong, India and the United Kingdom. After having

specialized in the teaching of English to speakers of other languages,

she has been teaching English to adults as well as children for the last26 years. Speaking four languages herself, she has always had a

penchant for words and feels passionate about motivating learners to

imbibe the vast spectrum of words that the English language offers.

Acknowledgements

I would especially like to thank my niece, Mubaraka, for her design of

Buz and the general layout of the chapters; my niece, Naqiya, for

typing out the chapters and her suggestions; and last but not least my

family for their help in proof-reading, editing, and overall support.


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Contents

Introduction i

1. ADJECTIVES Words that describe 9

2. SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS 15

3. NOUNS Words that name 20

4. VERBS Words that express actions and states 24

5. ROOTS, PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES 27

6. ADVERBS Words that add information about an action 31

7. ABSTRACT NOUNS Words that describe what you think and feel 35

8. ADJECTIVES Words that desribe (Feelings) 39

9. GUESSING THE MEANING OF WORDS 43

10.USING A DICTIONARY 47

11.IDIOMS 54

12.PHRASAL VERBS 61

13.COLLOCATIONS Word partners 65

14.GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS 67

15.NAUTICAL TERMS 71

16.USE IT OR LOSE IT 73
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Introduction

lexical sets

e.g. vegetables: carrot, potato

ways of talking: say, speak

single words

e.g. talk, car, lovely

parts of speech

how words are used

in a sentence

e.g. noun, verb,

adjective,

adverb

collocations

words that go together

e.g. tell a story

tell a lie

tell a joke

synonyms /

antonyms

compound words

e.g. alarm clock

speed limit

dependent prepositions

e.g. listen to (verb & preposition)

interested in (adjective & preposition)

idioms

e.g. under the weather

over the top

phrasal verbs

e.g. break up

break off

break into

[WORD

BANK]

word

families

VOCABULARY

Hey, Im Buz.Im going to be your guide on an amazing voyage of

discovery. Are you sitting comfortably? We are

embarking on a journey which will take you into the

exciting land of vocabulary. So hold on tight and here we

go!

So, what is vocabulary?Vocabulary does not only refer

to single words; it is much more than that. Have a look:

roots and derivatives

e.g. enjoy:

enjoyment

enjoyable

unenjoyable


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When you learn a new word, what is important? Number the following in order of

importance to you.

understand the meaning of the word

know which situation to use it in

know how formal or informal it is

know which words are usually used with it

be able to spell it

be able to pronounce it correctly

know if it has a positive or negative meaning

know the origin of the word

recognize and know the meaning of the root

know what part of speech it is

know its synonyms, antonyms, and other related words

Dont worry if this is a bit much! Well take it one

step at a time. Using this book, you will be able to

fill your treasure chest, allowing your word bank to

become bigger and more powerful. Youll know all

of it in no time.

We will take most of these points into consideration in this book. Each

chapter has a set target vocabulary. You will first learn the meanings of the

word and use them in the practice activities. The signal strength bars show

how easy or difficult the exercises are. By the end of each chapter you will

have acquired the target vocabulary and increased your word bank.

When you meet a new word you have two tasks to perform: you must find

out what meanings it can have, and you must learn how to use it

appropriately. Learning vocabulary is all about using the APT word, i.e. the

appropriate word.

Words, it is said, are the tools of thought. If you do nothing, you will learn

about 25-30 words a year; but with conscious effort, the skys the limit.

Dont just do the exercises hurriedly; be super-conscious of the words. They

will only become yours when you start using them. Say them aloud,

participate actively and, above all, have fun!


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Do you often make people laugh?

Does your mood change often and suddenly?

Can people depend on you?

Do you like other peoples company?Ar

eyou usually a happy person?Do you always look at the bright side of things?

Are you strong and good at sports?

Do you have good manners?

Are you kind and caring and give easily?

Are you careful to do your work properly?

Do you do what you are told?

Are you lively?

Are you very proud of how you look and of your other qualities?Do you lack confidence?

ADJECTIVESWords that describe

A

Answer the following questions. Put Y for Yes, N

for No or S for Sometimes.

1

2

3

4

56

7

8

9

10

11

12

1314

Now what about you?

Hey, let me tell you a little about what kind ofchap I am. Im a happy, cheerful and bubbly

sort of character, quite optimistic really. I am

funny and humorous, always making people

laugh at my jokes. I love sports and am pretty

athletic.

I am also sociable, reliable and generous and

have many friends who can depend on me if

they need anything. I work hard too and am

conscientious. Sometimes though I can be lazyand rather moody when I am not allowed to do

what I want.


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vain

moody

athletic

timid

polite

bubbly

obedient

sociable

cheerful

optimistic

conscientious

reliable

generous

humorous

B

If you answered yes or sometimes, which of

the following adjectives define the questions in

part A? Fill in the numbers.

C

Put the above words in the appropriate column

depending on what you think.

Words very often suggest positive

(good), negative (bad) or neutral

(neither good nor bad) meanings.

Practice

Words used todescribe people,places and things arecalled adjectives

POSITIVE NEUTRAL NEGATIVE


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Can you remember the words

and their meanings?

Think of a friend who is on allthe

sports teams at school.

h i l c

ta t

e

athletic

D

1. One who thinks s/he is very good-looking

ni

av

2. One who does everything the teacher tells her to

n b e ot

i ed

3. One who shares his favourite sweets with you

g r s uen e

o

D

Unscramble the letters to create an adjective to

describe people.

a

Further Practice


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4. One who makes you laugh

o r o us

m uh

5. One who thinks anything can be done

s i t ic p

m i t o

6. One who is always at a party on weekends

o c b ei

s a l

7. One who gets upset easily

y o

do

m

9. One who will always phone to tell you what happened

at school when you were absent

rl

i

aeb l

e


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o

o

s

10. One who talks excitedly all the time

b u

b

l yb

11. One who is always smiling

r l c ee

f uh

12. One who says please and thank-you

le

t pi

13. One who always does homework with great

care

i u n oc

c i

n t e s

4. One who will never put up his hands in class

tm

di

i

14

b u

Thank you!


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15

Which two adjectives in the list are alreadyopposites?

A useful way to increase your bank of

words is to think of opposites.

E

Can you think of the opposites of these

adjectives? For some of them, you can

use un- im- and dis-, for example, as in

unreliable, but for others youll have to

think of another word.

More to think about

There could be more than oneword that applies. If you need

help look up the dictionary.

ADJECTIVE OPPOSITE


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16

(A)

Paired words Synonyms Antonyms

assist hinder

indolent lazy

kind cruel

private confidential

victory defeat

courteous polite

abundance plenty

contract expand

sharp blunt

enigma puzzle

fresh stale

interior exterior

comprehend understand

guilt innocence

abbreviate shorten

solid hollow

Synonyms are words with the same, ornearly the same, meaning.

Antonyms are opposites.

By adding synonyms and antonyms to your word bank,

your vocabulary credit can soar easily and quickly.

A good practice to adopt is to refer to a thesaurus if you

want to find a synonym. A thesaurus is a reference bookin which words of similar meanings are grouped

together.

A

Identify and tick whether the pairs of words in

this list are antonyms or synonyms.

2

SYNONYMS ANDANTONYMS


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17

Paired words Synonyms Antonyms

endeavour try

squander waste

fiction fact

irritate soothe

Across Down

3.

6.

7.

9.

11.

12.

13.

15.

16.

Antonym for guilt

Antonym for assist

Antonym for fresh

Synonym for try

Antonym for sharp

Synonym for waste

Synonym for speed

Synonym for private

Antonym for victory

1.

2.

4.

5.

8.

10.

14.

Synonym for shorten

Synonym for lazy

Synonym for polite

Antonym for kind

Synonym for plenty

Antonym for flow

Synonym for puzzle

B

Do the crossword on the next page using the

clues below to fill in the different synonyms and

antonyms.

Practice


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1. The knife was not sharp.

2. The boy was lazy and reluctant to help around the house.

3. Robert did not like his name being shortened to Bob.

4. The lotion did not irritate my skin.

5. He tried to keep up with his brother who ran much faster than him.

6. The cake was not fresh.

7. She was wasting her talents because she had got into bad company.

8. The puzzle of the missing watch was never solved.

______________

______________

______________

______________

______________

______________

______________

______________

If you practice the skill of editing

your work, you can improve your

writing by using a better or more

appropriate word.

Even though words have a similar

meaning they cannot always be

used to replace each other. So when

you use a thesaurus you still have to

be careful to choose the right word.

C

Use another word from this chapter for the

underlined words.

Further Practice


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Sentence Synonym/Antonym /

1. We hired a private room for the party. confidential

2. Unlike her mother, she did not have a sharp tongue. had a blunt

3. She did not look fresh after her holiday. looked stale

4. The jurys verdict was that the defendant was innocent. not guilty

5. It was felt that her speech did not flow. ebbed

6. What he was saying was difficult to understand. comprehend

7. Vikram tried to help his brother with his homework. endeavoured

8. Their time there had been wasted. squandered

D

In the following sentences, check whether the

synonym or antonym can replace the underlined

words without affecting the meaning of thesentence.

More to think about


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1

1 NOUNSWords that name

Find the words for general

categories in the word

puzzle.

Z S T S C S L J S D O B M Y S S N C S O

K H L O L C E L F C L I R U X E L L D K

P S I A N A I M C B I N A S K E E O I A

Y N X C R S E U A B R S M N K R H T U Q

S Y J N N E P R R G R T S F I T U H Q X

O L D E F A N V E A J R O S R M D E I N

D F T U T P V I B C Y U S E P A A S L M

Z U F I S H E S M E J M N L Z H B L F L

L L O S E L B A T E G E V I H A F L S X

R N R A K S P F N S N N S T Q W O T B S

S N V E H I C L E S F T F P R W I X I S

S T C E S N I D A Y K S L E E U P A R Y

S J F W N F Y J M C I A C R R Q F P D A

P Y T D V Q P V H E E P S F S P I H S G

D O B J K E Z J G F H S P M X K R E K J

Whats more, some nouns can be put

together in lexical sets (categories).

E.g. Potatoes and tomatoes are

vegetables; sweaters and trousers are

clothes.

3

A

Nouns are thenames of things,people, and places.


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bluebell carnation poppy tulip daffodil buttercup

B

Name these birds.

Hint: magpie, blackbird, robin, dove,

sparrow, kestrel

C

What are these flowers?

Practice

have fun with words by maria sarkar

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