have a chance to operate a real accelerator at cern
TRANSCRIPT
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Have a chance to operate a real accelerator at CERN
17/2/2020 JUAS practical work – A.Gilardi, W. Farabolini
Antonio Gilardi - Wilfrid Farabolini
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• Introduction
• Nuclear Irradiation
• Plasma lens
• X-Band ACS
• Proposed activity
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• Introduction
• Nuclear Irradiation
• Plasma lens
• X-Band ACS
• Proposed activity
3
Detector
CLEAR
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Accelerator overview
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Accelerator overview
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CLIC – Compact Linear Collider
6
Innovative concept!
Two different beam:Probe beam Feed RF power in the ACcelerating Structure (ACS) Test beam To carry out experiment!
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7
CLIC – Compact Linear Collider
17/2/2020 JUAS practical work – A.Gilardi, W. Farabolini
Innovative concept!
Two different beam:Probe beam Feed RF power in the ACcelerating Structure (ACS) Test beam To carry out experiment!
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CLIC – Compact Linear Collider
17/2/2020 JUAS practical work – A.Gilardi, W. Farabolini
Innovative concept!
Two different beam:Probe beam Feed RF power in the ACcelerating Structure (ACS) Test beam To carry out experiment!
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• CTF3 has addressed and solved the vastmajority of CLIC issues related to drivebeam generation, power production andtwo-beam acceleration.
Test are needed (CTF3)
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First beam – June 2003 Last beam – December 2016
• CTF3 has addressed and solved the vastmajority of CLIC issues related to drivebeam generation, power production andtwo-beam acceleration.
Test are needed (CTF3)
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• CTF3 has addressed and solved the vastmajority of CLIC issues related to drivebeam generation, power production andtwo-beam acceleration.
A new machine is needed (CLEAR) tomaintain local testing capability at CERNfor CLIC instrumentation and high-gradientstructure testing with beam (alongside withother non-CLIC activities).
Test are needed (CTF3)
11
First beam – June 2003 Last beam – December 2016
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DRIVE BEAM LINAC
COMBINERRING
DELAY LOOP
CLEX
CERN Linear Electron Accelerator for Research (CLEAR)
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DRIVE BEAM LINAC
COMBINERRING
DELAY LOOP
CLEX
Approved December 2016
The CLEX experimental hall is 41 m long.
13
Web site http://clear.web.cern.ch
https://clear.web.cern.ch/sites/clear.web.cern.ch/files/documents/CLEAR_proposal.pdf
CERN Linear Electron Accelerator for Research (CLEAR)
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DRIVE BEAM LINAC
COMBINERRING
DELAY LOOP
CLEX
Approved December 2016
CLEAR is a user facility at CERN, running in parallel with the
main CERN accelerator complex, with the primary goal of
enhancing and complementing the existing accelerator
R&D and testing capabilities at CERN. The CLEX experimental hall is 41 m long.
CERN Linear Electron Accelerator for Research (CLEAR)
14
Web site http://clear.web.cern.ch
https://clear.web.cern.ch/sites/clear.web.cern.ch/files/documents/CLEAR_proposal.pdf
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…Not exhaustive list…
15
CLEAR program
Several experiments:
CLIC structure wake-field measurements
Wake-field monitors
CLIC BPMs
Nuclear irradiation tests
Cherenkov diffraction
Plasma lens
THz radiation
Electro-Optical BPMs
Impedance measurements
X-Band ACS
Bunch length studies
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…Not exhaustive list…
Key point:
o Flexibility
o Easy and fast access
o Location
Find synergies with other potential partners
(project/groups within and outside CERN)
16
CLEAR program
Beam parameters Range
Energy 60 – 220 MeV
Energy Spread < 1 MeV (FWHM)
Bunch Charge 10 pC –30 nC
Bunch Length 0.2 ps – 10 ps
Normalized emittances 3 mm to 30 mm
Micro-bunch spacing 1.5 GHz (Laser) 3.0 GHz (Dark current)
Several experiments:
CLIC structure wake-field measurements
Wake-field monitors
CLIC BPMs
Nuclear irradiation tests
Cherenkov diffraction
Plasma lens
THz radiation
Electro-Optical BPMs
Impedance measurements
X-Band ACS
Bunch length studies
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START
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• Introduction
• Nuclear Irradiation
• Electronic irradiation test
• Medical irradiation test
• Plasma lens
• X-Band ACS
• Proposed activity
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Two main branches: 19
Nuclear irradiation
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Very energetic Electron
facility for Space Planetary
Exploration missions in
Radiative environments
Electronic test
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Nuclear irradiation
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Two main branches:
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Very energetic Electron
facility for Space Planetary
Exploration missions in
Radiative environments
Electronic test
Medical test
Very High Energetic Electron
for medical application
21
Nuclear irradiation
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Two main branches:
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Basic idea
22
Medical irradiation test
Photon
Protons - Electron
ProtonsX-rays
X-rays (4 MeV)Photon
X-rays (20 MeV)Photon
Electrons (4 MeV)Protons (150 MeV)
Do
se (
a.u
.)
Depth (cm)0 15
https://indico.cern.ch/event/754093/L. Bottura(1), E. Felcini(1,2) et al.
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The experimental campaign is done scanning:
• the beam energy
• the particle
• the longitudinal position
23
Medical irradiation test
15𝟎 𝐌𝐞𝐕 𝐕𝐇𝐄𝐄
15 𝐌𝐞𝐕 𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐫𝐨𝐧
Do
se (
a.u
.)D
ose
(a.
u.)
Depth (cm)
Depth (cm)
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The experimental campaign is done scanning:
• the beam energy
• the particle
• the longitudinal position
24
Medical irradiation test
15𝟎 𝐌𝐞𝐕 𝐕𝐇𝐄𝐄
15 𝐌𝐞𝐕 𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐫𝐨𝐧
Do
se (
a.u
.)D
ose
(a.
u.)
Depth (cm)
Depth (cm)
𝟏𝟓 𝐌𝐞𝐕 𝐩𝐡𝐨𝐭𝐨𝐧
Do
se (
a.u
.)D
ose
(a.
u.)
Depth (cm)
Depth (cm)
𝟏𝟓𝟎 𝐌𝐞𝐕 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐭𝐨𝐧𝐬
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The experimental campaign is done scanning:
• the beam energy
• the particle
• the longitudinal position
25
Medical irradiation test
15𝟎 𝐌𝐞𝐕 𝐕𝐇𝐄𝐄
15 𝐌𝐞𝐕 𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐫𝐨𝐧
Do
se (
a.u
.)D
ose
(a.
u.)
Depth (cm)
Depth (cm)
𝟏𝟓 𝐌𝐞𝐕 𝐩𝐡𝐨𝐭𝐨𝐧
Do
se (
a.u
.)D
ose
(a.
u.)
Depth (cm)
Depth (cm)
𝟏𝟓𝟎 𝐌𝐞𝐕 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐭𝐨𝐧𝐬
200 MeV VHEE150 MeV protons
Do
se (
a.u
.)
Depth (cm)
Do
se (
a.u
.)
Depth (cm)
VHEE dose is quite
insensitive to
inhomogeneities
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• Introduction
• Nuclear Irradiation
• Plasma lens
• X-Band ACS
• Proposed activity
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Compact radial focusing device
• Passing the beam inside the conductor
• Observed gradients > 300 T/m (1000 T/m last run)
27
Plasma lens
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Compact radial focusing device
• Passing the beam inside the conductor
• Observed gradients > 300 T/m (1000 T/m last run)
28
Plasma lens
Goal: drive a current through a
uniform plasma. The magnetic field
leads to linear focusing. Plasma is
created by a high-voltage discharge
in the gas.
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Results published in Phys. Rev. Letters
https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.194801
29
Plasma lens Demonstrated linearity in terms of emittance, in
active plasma lens and explained linear/nonlinear
behavior linked to Gas species in plasma.
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ArgonHelium
Results published in Phys. Rev. Letters
https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.194801
30
Plasma lens Demonstrated linearity in terms of emittance, in
active plasma lens and explained linear/nonlinear
behavior linked to Gas species in plasma.
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• Introduction
• Nuclear Irradiation
• Plasma lens
• X-Band ACS
• Proposed activity
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Former CLIC ModuleOngoing experiments:
• Wake-Field monitors
• Wake-field kicks
X-Band ACS
32
Principle:
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Introduction to the problem
Well known effect, the WAKEFIELD
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Well known effect, the WAKEFIELD
eBunch
Ideal trajectory
Real trajectory
34
Introduction to the problem
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Well known effect, the WAKEFIELD
What make it worse:
• Pipe aperture
• High charge
• Beam offset
eBunch
Ideal trajectory
Real trajectory
35
Introduction to the problem
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Our goal is to estimate the transverse Wakefield kick
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Experimental setup
36
WFM
CLIC ACCELERATINGSTRUCTURE
GIRDER
BEAMSCREEN
Ideal trajectory
Real trajectory
BEAM
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Experimental setup
37
WFM
CLIC ACCELERATINGSTRUCTURE
GIRDER
BEAMSCREEN
Ideal trajectory
Real trajectory
BEAM
WFM
CLIC ACCELERATINGSTRUCTURE
GIRDER
BEAMSCREEN
BEAM
Ideal trajectory
Real trajectory
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Proposed activity:
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Proposed activity:
• CLEAR photocathode characterisation• Quantum Efficiency • Bunch length measure• Energy measurements
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CLEAR photocathode characterisation
Quantum Efficiency
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“it is the ratio between the number
of charge carriers collected and the number
of photons hitting the device's
photoreactive surface”
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CLEAR photocathode characterisation
Bunch length measureOperating principle: - bunch pass at zero crossing in a deflecting cavity,- bunch head experiences a transverse kick downward, bunch tail upward, - bunch transverse size is then downstream measured on a beam profile monitor,-Power phase shifter allows to vary the bunch length via the velocity bunching structure.
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CLEAR photocathode characterisation
Energy measurements
Alignment screencamera
Movable stage Charge monitor
collimators
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CLEAR photocathode characterisation
All this is for on point of the photocathode(Even in a random position)
What we would like is to have something like:
.
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CLEAR photocathode characterisation
All this is for on point of the photocathode(Even in a random position)
What we would like is to have something like:
.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .4417/2/2020 JUAS practical work – A.Gilardi, W. Farabolini
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CLEAR photocathode characterisation
All this is for on point of the photocathode(Even in a random position)
What we would like is to have something like:
Many free parameters:
• Spot size• Laser Energy• Step size• GUN setup• ACS setup• ….• ….
.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .4517/2/2020 JUAS practical work – A.Gilardi, W. Farabolini
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Back up slides
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Contest (Strange beam contest)
1, 2, 3… bunches with transverse space separation
Beam size 37 x 33 mm
Fishy beam
3 bunches of various charge and emittance
Valentine’s day beam Octupolar fields beam shape
25
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CLIC & high-gradient X-bandFormer CLIC Module
Present experiments:
• Wake-Field monitors
• Wake-field kicks
• CLIC cavity BPMs
Possible tests:
• RF kicks
• Breakdown kicks
• RF effect on WFMs
• Stability & reliability runs
XBAND Power source will be connected
R. Corsini
9
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Many activities planned (most ongoing)
Two main goals:
1) Consolidate and improve beam instrumentation for
CLEAR
2) Diagnostics R&D
Direct applications to CERN accelerator complex &
potential for future applications
Electro-Optical monitors
Beam Instrumentation R&D
New digital camera
Old analog camera
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Medical irradiation test
Unfocussed
Focussed
(d=3cm)
Focussed
(d=10cm)
Unfocussed
Focussed
(d=10cm)
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Scientific program
• Radiation hardness test on different commercial device• ESA collaboration, SEU studies at high e- energy for JUICE mission• Contact with NASA
charge
monitor camera
collimatorsmovable
stagealignment
screen
JUICE mission(ESA)
Radiation hardness ofelectroniccomponentsfor space
missions
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Electronic irradiation test
Main tests:
• Only wiht dark current
• With laser beam
17/2/2020 JUAS practical work – A.Gilardi, W. Farabolini
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• First tests in sub-THz region, demonstrated use as bunch length diagnostics
• Characterization of beam-produced THz radiation from transition radiation (TR) screen + shadowing studies, using THz camera
• Bunch length diagnostics for CLEAR • Close to be operational - Teflon conical Cherenkov diffraction
radiator, 4 frequency detection bands.
• High power THz from different sources • Tested so far: diamond, TR screens, Teflon, gratings, metamaterials
THz studies
TR screen
eBunch TR screen
THz camera
Shadowing length (f)
Radiated EM field
Radiated EM field
Actual Shadowing setup
1417/2/2020 JUAS practical work – A.Gilardi, W. Farabolini
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Very energetic Electron facility for Space Planetary Exploration missions in harsh Radiative
environmentsBeam line already developed and tested in
CALIFES
• Improved diagnostics, stability and energy range (60 -
220 MeV)
Scientific program
• ESA collaboration
• Used also for test of AWAKE spectrometer screen
• Interest for detector electronics
(Uppsala/ATLAS - wireless communication)
• Several medical applications as VHEE
• Contact with NASA
(pencil beams)
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Twiss parameter measure
Horizontal beam size as function of quadrupole current Vertical beam size as function of quadrupole current
Screen quadrupoleDrift Drift
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Alignment of the beam inside quadrupoles
Quads Off Horizontal focusing quad onBeam offset in both axis
Vertical focusing quad onHorizontal beam offset
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