has innovation in inhalation drug delivery run out of steam?

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Has innova)on in inhala)on science run out of steam? www.inhala(onasia.org © Copyright Inhala(on Asia 2014 Philippe Rogueda I 3 Innova)on in Inhala)on 10 July 2014

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Has innovation in inhalation drug delivery run out of steam? Slides presented at the Chiesi I3 innovation seminar, 10 July 2014 at Celtic Manor Resort, Wales, U.K.

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Page 1: Has innovation in inhalation drug delivery run out of steam?

Has  innova)on  in  inhala)on  science  run  out  of  steam?  

www.inhala(onasia.org  ©  Copyright  Inhala(on  Asia  2014  

Philippe  Rogueda              I3  -­‐  Innova)on  in  Inhala)on  -­‐  10  July  2014  

Page 2: Has innovation in inhalation drug delivery run out of steam?

Disclaimer  This  presenta(on  contains  the  personal  opinions  and  thoughts  of  the  presenter  and  does  not  necessarily  represent  the  opinion  of  Inhala(on  Asia  nor  of  any  employer  or  company  or  society  associated  with  whom    the  presenter  might  be  or  has  been  associated.  

Page 3: Has innovation in inhalation drug delivery run out of steam?

A  lack  of  innova)on?  GSK’s  Breo  Ellipta®  efficacy  for  asthma  undis(nguished  from  Advair®  

     Pink  Sheet,  30  June  2014    

COPD  is  currently  the  4th  leading  cause  of  death  worldwide,  predicted  to  rise  to  be  the  3rd  leading  cause  of  death  by  2030    

Global  ini7a7ve  for  chronic  obstruc7ve  lung  disease  (GOLD)  2013    (www.goldcopd.org)  

 Only  2  new  drugs  to  treat  asthma  in  15  years  –  antagonists  to  leukotriene  and  monoclonal  an(bodies  against  immunoglobulin  E  

The  global  asthma  report  2011  (www.globalasthmareport.org)  

 pMDIs  s(ll  command  ~  50  %  of  the  global  inhalers  market  

Data  IMS  database  July  2014  

Page 4: Has innovation in inhalation drug delivery run out of steam?

Par)cle  engineering  Late  90’s:  the  par(cle  engineering  gold  rush:  

 Inhale,  AirX,  BPD,  Prosonix,  NextBreath,  Mannkind  

2 µm

Crystalline  budesonide  

Pulmospheres  2009  

Pulmospheres  2013  

Pulmosols   SAXS   BPD  

Page 5: Has innovation in inhalation drug delivery run out of steam?

Par)cle  engineering  We  were  promised  new  and  outstanding  DPIs,  we  got  Exubera!  

“The  key  to  innova(on  is  the  execu(on”  

Page 6: Has innovation in inhalation drug delivery run out of steam?

Par)cle  engineering  To  this  day,  TOBI  PodHaler  is  the  only  commercialised  engineered  par(cle  DPI  on  the  market  

 Approved  22  March  2013,  with  patents  already  expired  (2013/2014)  

Tobramycin  yearly  sales  (top  5  EU  markets)  1Q13-­‐1Q14    779,849  units:    377,658  DPI        402,191  Nebules  

   USD  73.5  M:  30.35  DPI        43.2  Nebules  

   Typically,  DPI  costs  USD  80  per  unit.  Nebules  are  genericised.      MIMS  july/aug  2014:  

 TOBI  nebules  56  ampoules  £1187.20    TOBI  podhaler  56  capsules  £447.50  

Page 7: Has innovation in inhalation drug delivery run out of steam?

Par)cle  engineering  

Afrezza,  inhaled  insulin,  Mannkind  

Approved  by  FDA  27  June  2014  

Page 8: Has innovation in inhalation drug delivery run out of steam?

Why  don’t  innova)ons  translate  into  products?  pMDIs  S(ll  going  strong  despite  the  Montreal  Protocol,  despite  the  advent  of  DPI,  despite  all  odds!    No  new  API:  formoterol,  arformoterol,  levalbuterol,  albuterol,  salbutamol,  salmeterol,  budesonide,  ciclesonide,  flu(casone,  mometasone,  aclidinium,  (otorpium,  ipatropium,  indacaterol,  vilanterol…and  their  combina(ons!...    Market  figures  (IMS  data  top  5  markets  UK,  De,  Sp,  Fr,  It;  1Q13-­‐1Q14)  

Product  

Sere(de   pMDI   DPI  

USD  635,275,062   USD  981,158,809  

Spiriva   HandiHaler   Respimat  

USD  990,104,515   USD  157,573,605  

Page 9: Has innovation in inhalation drug delivery run out of steam?

Why  don’t  innova)ons  translate  into  products?    

What  expecta(ons  should  we  have  for  innova(on  in  inhala(on  drug  delivery?    Science  vs.  Investment                    Incremental  vs.  game  changing                      Visible  vs.  Hidden        

The  only  visible  innova)ons  are  the  products    

Devices  are  more  visible  than  formula)ons    

Clinicians  only  want  new  molecules    

Investors  want  tangible  dreams!  

Page 10: Has innovation in inhalation drug delivery run out of steam?

1858  1st  Inhaler  

1864  1st  Nebuliser  

Medihaler  1st  pMDI  1956  

1987  Montreal  Protocol  

Turbohaler  2000  

Exubera  2006  

1999  Relenza  1995  

Airomir  1st  HFA  pMDI  

Spinhaler  1st  DPI  1973  

Inhala)on  Drug  Delivery  Timeline  

Page 11: Has innovation in inhalation drug delivery run out of steam?

hup://www.inhala(onreport.com/2009/09/27/baule-­‐of-­‐the-­‐mdi-­‐and-­‐dpi-­‐patent-­‐trends/  

Signs  of  innova)on:  US  patents  and  applica)ons  

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Signs  of  innova)on:  granted  US  patents  

0  

5  

10  

15  

20  

25  

30  

35  

1994   1996   1998   2000   2002   2004   2006   2008   2010   2012   2014  

pMDI  

DPI  

nebules  

nasal  

Page 13: Has innovation in inhalation drug delivery run out of steam?

Signs  of  innova)on:  nasal  publica)ons  

474  hits  retained:  255  USA,  46  UK,  37  De    Top  3  Journals:  Annals  of  allergy,  Asthma  &  Immunology  Allergy  and  asthma  proceedings  American  journal  of  rhinology  and  allergy  

 No  pharmaceu(cal  sciences  journal  

15  16  19  26  22  

12  14  19  22  

33  

19  25  

18  21  18  20  

33  

64  67  57  

4  

1994  

1995  

1996  

1997  

1998  

1999  

2000  

2001  

2002  

2003  

2004  

2005  

2006  

2007  

2008  

2009  

2010  

2011  

2012  

2013  

2014  

Page 14: Has innovation in inhalation drug delivery run out of steam?

Signs  of  innova)on:  DPI  publica)ons  

780  hits  retained:  202  USA,  142  UK,  48  De    Top  3  Journals:  Respiratory  medicine  J.  aerosol  medicine  The  journal  of  asthma  

8  

21  27  

40   39  

54  47  

41   41  

59  

26  

42  

54  

41  

52   56   58  65  

9  

Page 15: Has innovation in inhalation drug delivery run out of steam?

Signs  of  innova)on:  pMDI  publica)ons  

556  hits  retained:  198  USA,  110  UK,  30  De    Top  3  Journals:  Respiratory  medicine  J.  aerosol  medicine  The  journal  of  asthma  

3  12   9   8   8  

17  

29  

16  27  

33  43  

56  44  

57  

40   39  

21  

40  32  

20  

2  

1994  

1995  

1996  

1997  

1998  

1999  

2000  

2001  

2002  

2003  

2004  

2005  

2006  

2007  

2008  

2009  

2010  

2011  

2012  

2013  

2014  

Page 16: Has innovation in inhalation drug delivery run out of steam?

Visible  innova)on:  devices  

Single  dose  inhalers  15  dry  powder  

3  nasal  (2  launched)  1  HFA  

Page 17: Has innovation in inhalation drug delivery run out of steam?

Has  anyone  heard  of  the  Swinghaler?  Mep(n  Swinghaler    launched  in  Japan  July  2014  Procaterol  DPI  for  COPD  Otsuka  Co.  Japan  

Page 18: Has innovation in inhalation drug delivery run out of steam?

Visible  innova)on:  devices  

Diskus:  14  Parts  

Turbuhaler:  14  Parts  

Breezhaler:  10  Parts  

DirectHaler:  2  Parts  

Twincer:  4  Parts  

Dose  One:  3  Parts  

Page 19: Has innovation in inhalation drug delivery run out of steam?

The  price  of  innova)on  

£0.05  per  dose  for  Ventolin  £0.11  per  dose  for  Flixo)de  £0.3      per  dose  for  Sere)de  £0.48  per  dose  for  Serevent  £.93      per  dose  for  Revlar  Ellipta  

£3 $0.3

Page 20: Has innovation in inhalation drug delivery run out of steam?

Performance  improvement:  pMDI  vs  DPI  The  Montréal  protocol  had  unintended  consequences:  

 -­‐opened  the  way  for  DPIs    -­‐spurred  improvement  in  pMDI  performance  …  the  silent  innova(on  

FPF  %   pMDI   DPI  

Advair   SX  37.8  ;  FP  39.1   SX  16.7  ;  FP  21.8  

Symbicort   FFD  54.1  ;  BUD  51.4   FFD  20.7  ;  BUD  23.1  

Flixo(de   32.7   36.9  

Pulmicort   17.7   40.7  

Beclomethasone   26.8   24.3  

Spiriva   -­‐-­‐-­‐   22-­‐29  

Page 21: Has innovation in inhalation drug delivery run out of steam?

Performance  improvement:  engineered  par)cles  Par(cle    engineering  raised  the  bar  for  DPI  performances  and  led  to  improved  DPI  blends    Devices  drive  performance  improvement  drama(cally    

FPF  %   Engineered   Blend  

Prosonix  -­‐  FP   6  (t=0)  5.2  (t=4weeks)  

7  (t=0)  3.2  (t=4weeks)  

Prosonix  -­‐  BUD   16.5  (t=0)  16.6  (t=4weeks)  

13.7  (t=0)  10.7  (t=4weeks)  

iSperse  -­‐  undisclosed   65.1%  @  60  L/min  

67.3%  @  28.3  L/min  

Diskus   Respira  

Advair  @4kPa   FP  21.8  SX  16.7  

FP  70  SX  78.2  

References:  private  data  and  M.R.  Feddah  et  al.  J.Pharm.Pharm.Sci  3(3):317-­‐324  (2000);  H.R.  Chapman  et  al.  Int.J.COPD  6:335-­‐363  (2011);  W.Y.  Tarsin  et  al.  316:131-­‐137  (2006);Poster  “Novel  dual-­‐chamber  dry  powder  inhaler  for  combina(on  therapy,  M.J.  Donovan,  A.  Gibbons,  H.D.C.  Smyth,  J.  Pappo.  

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What’s  next?  Vaccina(on    Personalised  medicines    Non  medicinal  therapies    Therapies  for  non  caucasians?    Asian,  South  American  and  Indian  markets?    An  actual  take  off  of  engineered  par(cles  and  efficient  devices?  

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