harvard referencing for ed faculty 18-10-10

7/28/2019 Harvard Referencing for Ed Faculty 18-10-10

1/33

1

Compiled

by

Study SkillsUniversity of Winchester

Based on Faculty of Education Guidelines for Written Assignments, 2009

Quick route to the Reference List

(Action buttons only work if you are running the slide show.)


2/33

Authority person or persons who may exert an influence on opinionbecause of their level of expertise.

Reference List / Bibliography fully detailed references given in a list atthe end of the text. (It can also be called References if there are twoseparate lists and the one called Bibliography contains a list of read but

not cited references.) Citation referencing of an authority that has been quoted or

paraphrased in your work.

Glossary list of words, terms or acronyms relating to a specific subject

Quotation short passage of text taken from an outside source.

ReadingList list of books, journals or newspapers recommended assuitable references for a particular subject or course.

Referencing acknowledging the authority from which the quotation hascome, at the point at which the quotation has been made.


3/33

Extensive use of abbreviations is not encouraged, but this iswhat they mean if you come across them:

Ibid (in the same place) Used to indicate that the reference citedis the same as the one immediately preceding it.

Loc Cit (the place cited) The same work and the same locationwithin it.

Op Cit (the work already referred to) A source already referredto but may cause ambiguity if there is more than one previoussource.

Sic (thus) Use this if the item you have quoted has a mistake in it

that should not be attributed to you. Vide supra (see above) Means refer to what has gone.


4/33

The verbatim or non-verbatim copying orparaphrasing, without acknowledgement, frompublished or unpublished material attributable to, orwhich is the intellectual property of another,

including work of other students (University ofWinchester Academic Misconduct Policy, 2008:2).

This means:

Copying from another students essay

Copying large sections of text from books or the internet

without referencing the author.Paraphrasing (that is rewriting in your own words) large

sections of text from books or the internet withoutreferencing the author.

Forgetting to add an authority to a quotation.


5/33


6/33

Summarising A summary of the authors main ideas or argument

written in your own words, usually from an entirechapter or book rather than from a specific quotation.

Paraphrasing Referring indirectly to the authority, writing in your ownwords, a close interpretation of the authors argument

and usually from a specific quotation. Short quotation

A direct quotation of less than 40 words incorporated intothe main text, identified within quotation marks.

Long quotation A direct quotation of 40 words or more, standing alone,

separated from the main body by a clear line space andindented. No quotation marks required.


7/33

The Citation

This is placed at the point of the quotation.

It is the minimum amount of information requiredto find the full reference in the -

Reference List This is the full list of references you have included

in your written submission.

It contains specific information presented in a

conventional format . The information about the source enables a reader

to find the source.

Any reference which cannot be readily sourced must be supplied in

an appendix: policy documents, business plans, schedules, etc


8/33


9/33

Paraphrasing is like summarising in that you use yourown words to explain the authoritys idea. However, theparaphrase is usually a re-write of a direct quotation andthus you should include the page number from whichyou have paraphrased the quotation.

Steiner (1983, p.12-13) identifies strategic planning as a

process which determines principal objectives and lays

down tactical plans in order to ensure that strategies are

appropriately implemented.

It is very important that you reference the authority when

summarising or paraphrasing or you may be considered to be

plagiarising work.


10/33

Why paraphrase instead of using a directquotation?

You may find you use less words whenparaphrasing. If you use a direct quotation youmay have to explain its relevance.

Too many direct quotations can make thewriting stilted. Your own writing will besparsely scattered between quotations. There is

little opportunity for you to develop yourargument and establish your style.

The direct quotation may not stand alone andmake sense without considerable explanation.


11/33


12/33

Short quotations of no more than 40 words shouldappear in the main body of the text. If no name ismentioned in the main body then it must beincluded in the reference:

PUNCTUATION POINT

The date and page number can be written 1996, p.289 or 1996:289, but beconsistent and use only one of the two options.

The authors also noted that this fits with the notion that thesubjective experience of memory is an attribution orinference (Kelley and Jacoby, 1996, p. 289).


13/33

Longer quotations should be written indented and withoutquotation marks and separated from the main body of text by

a clear line space, above and below. Long quotations arediscouraged. Paraphrase or summarise in preference.

Loss of identify can be considered in two particular ways. For example, as Kaminsky

writes:

Thus, loss of identity is concerned with the stripping of the victim of all his/her known

possessions which might be physical, but which are more often to do with his/her beliefs

and feelings and all those things that matter.

If the villain, the evil, represents loss of identity rather than sinking intothe animal within, the weaponrys horror lies in its impersonality in suchfilms asRosemarys Baby, White Zombie andInvasion of theBodysnatchers. The victim, apparently, has not been physically harmed in one sense alive, in another sense though his body has not been defiled,his mind and identity have been taken, a horror perhaps even more to befeared (1974, p.139).

PUNCTUATION POINT

Use a comma or colon at the end of the main body before starting the

quotation. Single line spacing is acceptable for the long quotation.


14/33

If diagrams or illustrations have been copied,scanned or re-drawn from published work, theseshould be referenced as for a direct quotation.

(Tiggywinkle, 2005, p.97)

(Atherton, 2009)

There is no page number for theabove reference as its source is a

website


15/33

If there are more than two authors, then the surname of the firstauthor only should be given, followed by et al.. In thebibliography, all names must be acknowledged and written infull. The first time this reference is used, all authors must bequoted at the point of citation, but thereafter et al. should be used.

We have to remember that a statistically significant Fvalue [] allows us to reject the null hypothesis (Hintonet al. 2004:156).

PUNCTUATION POINT

Where sections of text have been omitted within the quotation, then aspace followed by [] then another space must be inserted at the pointof omission. There is no need to insert [] at the beginning or end of aquotation.


16/33

You can omit sections from a quotation as mentioned onthe previous slide. You should not edit quoted textunless, by extracting it from the main text, there is nowsome ambiguity. When you change or add a word whichis your own, you must enclose it in square brackets.

[We] are concerned with not only the rich and the clever.We want to extend choice to every person (Simon,1991:51).

[Lynne Reder] argued that if FOK judgments were basedon explicitly retrieved information, then one mightexpect that the time needed to make these judgmentswould be at least as long than the time needed toretrieve information (Dunlosky and Metcalfe, 2009:65).


17/33

If the work is from a newspaper with no author, then the

newspaper should be quoted. If the work is from a reputable website, then name the website.

(Do not include the URL.)

If the work has no author and no date, think carefully as towhether to include it.

Even before the Civil War, people were saying that darniron horse is gonna change the world (Crazy Star Gazette,1855, p.1).

Numbers in slum and squatter settlements will double in 25 years,and the average age of slum dwellers is decreasing.(WorldBank,1999).

PUNCTUATION POINT

At the end of a line, do not split the name of the source from its date andpage number as shown above. Use Ctrl + space between these elements

to keep them together.


18/33

If you refer to a person who is quoted in someoneelses work, then you must cite the author of thequotation at the point of reference and the sourcecited. You will find the date for the author cited at theback of the book .

Try not to do this too often or find the original workand quote from this if possible.

Amongst the concerns about freedom to access of

information is that which involves access to personalhealth records People could misunderstand the results of

predictive tests, either by causing unnecessary alarm orcreating false security that in turn brings about

inadvisable lifestyle changes (Swailes, 2001 cited in

Brooks et al. 2004:417).


19/33

These are references to cited documentspresented at the end of the text.

They should be listed in alphabetical order

according to the authors name and then bydate (earliest first).

Websites without authors should be includedin the same list.

If more than one item has been publishedduring a specific year, by letter thus 1999a,1999b.


20/33

Book

Contribution in a book

Book with no author

Article in a journal Article in a newspaper

Video, DVD, Film

Broadcast

Web pages Electronic journals

Podcast

Conference paper

Government document

Blog*

Dance live performance*

Music Score*

Plays performance*

For these andother examples

not listed, pleasecontact

studyskills


21/33

Brooks, I., Weatherston, J. and Wilkinson, G.(2004)The International Business Environment.

Harlow:Prentice-Hall

Houseman, G. Graves, L. Martins, P. (2002) LostFor Words. Sydney:Campion

Smith, J. (1997) The End is Nigh.2nd edn.London:Longman

Surname, Init. (date)Title.Edition if not first.Place of pub:Publisher

Back to Bibliography Index


22/33

Demaine, J. (ed)(1999)Education Policy andContemporary Politics.Basingstoke:Macmillan

Burchfield, R. W. (ed)(2004)Fowlers Modern EnglishUsage.3rd edn.Oxford:Oxford University Press

Where the book is edited, write ed or eds (ifthere is more than one):



23/33

Sociological Theories: race and colonialism(1980)Paris: UNESCO

Occasionally a book with have no author, butan authorless book with no date may not be avalid source.



24/33

Latimer, P. (1993)Alcoholism in hospital: the case forBenzodiazepinesin: Holland, T., Frazer, P., Elliot, F.(eds)(1995)

Treatment and Care.(pp 52-78). London:

Open University Press

The author of the chapter, the title of thechapter, the author or editor of the book andthe title of the book must be included, also the

pages of the chapter:



25/33

Spellman, B. A. & Bjork, R. A. (1992)Whenpredictions create reality: Judgments of learningmay alter what they are intended to assessPsychological Science,3,315-316

Aitkin, D. (1990)How research came to dominatehigher educationOxford Review of Education,17,(3), pp235-248

Surname, Init. (date)Title of ArticleJournal , Volume, (Part No), Page nos

Notice that the title of the journal is initalics, but not the title of the article:



26/33

Mesure, S. (2005)Stuart Rose may at last be deliveringat M&SThe Independent, Tuesday 11 October,p69g

Torvill, M. (2004)Thin is not a happy stateThe Globe,Monday 26 April,p9a

Surname, Init. (date)Title of ArticleNewspaper.Day, Date,Page nos Colno.

Notice that the volume number is replacedby the day and month of the date:



27/33

Party Post(1952)FilmDirected by Arle YungerUSA:Glow Worm Pictures

Streetwise(2001)DVDLondon: Talecast Videos

27

Title of Production(date)Material designationDirectoroptional,

Production place: Organisation

For film, the date should be the year of releasein the country of production:



28/33

Douglas, M. (2004)The worlds biggest Ceilidh band

[online]Yorkshire-Folk-ArtsAvailable from:http://www.yorkshire-folk-arts.com/info/archive/big_ceilidh.html [Accessed 3

June 2004]

Worldbank(1999) Cities Alliance for Cities without Slums[online] WorldbankAvailable from :http://www.worldbank.org/html/fpd/urban/map/html. [Accessed 14 October, 2005]

Author/Editor (date)Title [online]. (Edition) Place of publication,

Publisher if known. Available from: URL [Date accessed]

http://www.yorkshire-folk-arts.com/info/archive/big_ceilidh.htmlhttp://www.yorkshire-folk-arts.com/info/archive/big_ceilidh.htmlhttp://www.worldbank.org/html/fpd/urban/map/htmlhttp://www.worldbank.org/html/fpd/urban/map/htmlhttp://www.worldbank.org/html/fpd/urban/map/htmlhttp://www.worldbank.org/html/fpd/urban/map/htmlhttp://www.yorkshire-folk-arts.com/info/archive/big_ceilidh.htmlhttp://www.yorkshire-folk-arts.com/info/archive/big_ceilidh.htmlhttp://www.yorkshire-folk-arts.com/info/archive/big_ceilidh.htmlhttp://www.yorkshire-folk-arts.com/info/archive/big_ceilidh.htmlhttp://www.yorkshire-folk-arts.com/info/archive/big_ceilidh.html


29/33

Doctor WhoEpisode 1,Series 2 Genesis of the Daleks

(1975)BBC115 April, 18:30 hrs

Newsnight(2007)BBC2October 24, 22:00 hrs

Number and title of the episode should begiven, including the title of the series,transmitting organisation, channel and the fulldate and time of transmission:

Title of Series Episode No, Title of Episode(date)Transmitting

OrganisiationChannelFull date and time of transmission



30/33

Iheanacho, I.(2009)Analysing Aspirin [online]BMJPodcastAvailable from:http://podcasts.bmj.com/bmj/2009/11/06/analysing-aspirin[Accessed 10 November, 2009]

Podcasts can come from one of two sources, either from a

broadcast channel or from an internet website.

Title of SeriesEpisode No, Title of Episode(date)Transmitting

OrganisiationChannelFull date and time of transmission

Author/Editor (date)Title [online](Edition) Place of publication,

Publisher if known Available from: URL [Date accessed]

Nightwaves Arts and Ideas Podcast Van Gogh Letters(2009)

BBC Radio 3 October 19, 23:00 hrs

http://podcasts.bmj.com/bmj/2009/11/06/analysing-aspirinhttp://podcasts.bmj.com/bmj/2009/11/06/analysing-aspirinhttp://podcasts.bmj.com/bmj/2009/11/06/analysing-aspirinhttp://podcasts.bmj.com/bmj/2009/11/06/analysing-aspirinhttp://podcasts.bmj.com/bmj/2009/11/06/analysing-aspirin


31/33

Peabody, M. (1997) Lost Villages: study of southern England heritage sitesSocial History [online] 3(17) pp39-42Available from:http://engsochis.ac.uk/guides/social.htm#electronic[Accessed 19May 2003]

Moore, D., Zabrucky, K., Evans, N. (1997) Metacomprehension andComprehension Performance in Younger and Older Adults Educational

Gerontology [online] 23(5)pp467-475 Available from:http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0360126970230506 [Accessed 28 January2009]

Author (date)Title Journal [online]Volume (issue) pagesLocationwithin host,Available from: URL[Date accessed]

http://engsochis.ac.uk/http://engsochis.ac.uk/


32/33

Wilson, T., (2004)Retention: a holistic approach.Paperpresented at theRetention in HE Conference,London:Hartwell,15-27orKermani, H. and James, H. (1996) Fadeout in Family Literacy:

the attrition problem in family literacy programs.Paperpresented at the AERA Annual Meeting, New York, March1996

Surname, Init. (contributing author), (Year of publication)Title of contribution.Followed by In:Init. Surname, of editor or proceedings (if applicable) followed by

ed. Title of conference including data and place of conference,Place of

publication: Publisher, page nos of contribution



33/33

UNICEF (2004)Humanitarian Action ReportNew York:UNAIDS/UNICEF/USAID

Name of issuing body (Year of publication)Title of publicationPlace of

publication: PublisherReport no (where relevant)


harvard referencing for ed faculty 18-10-10

Documents