harry truman & integration of u.s. military and federal government july 26, 1948 signed...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Harry Truman & Integration of U.S. Military and Federal Government July 26, 1948 Signed Executive Order 9981 integrating the United States Military](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649ef55503460f94c092b5/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
![Page 2: Harry Truman & Integration of U.S. Military and Federal Government July 26, 1948 Signed Executive Order 9981 integrating the United States Military](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649ef55503460f94c092b5/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Harry Truman & Integration of U.S. Military and Federal Government
• July 26, 1948 Signed Executive Order 9981 integrating the United States Military
![Page 3: Harry Truman & Integration of U.S. Military and Federal Government July 26, 1948 Signed Executive Order 9981 integrating the United States Military](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649ef55503460f94c092b5/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Jackie Robinson• Born Cairo, GA• First African
American during the Modern Era to play Baseball in the Major League.
![Page 4: Harry Truman & Integration of U.S. Military and Federal Government July 26, 1948 Signed Executive Order 9981 integrating the United States Military](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649ef55503460f94c092b5/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: Harry Truman & Integration of U.S. Military and Federal Government July 26, 1948 Signed Executive Order 9981 integrating the United States Military](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649ef55503460f94c092b5/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: Harry Truman & Integration of U.S. Military and Federal Government July 26, 1948 Signed Executive Order 9981 integrating the United States Military](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649ef55503460f94c092b5/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
The Origins of the Movement
• Supreme Court had declared segregation LEGAL (Plessy v. Ferguson, 1896 – “Separate but Equal”)– Jim Crow Laws in the South– De Facto Segregation in the North (by
custom and tradition)
![Page 7: Harry Truman & Integration of U.S. Military and Federal Government July 26, 1948 Signed Executive Order 9981 integrating the United States Military](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649ef55503460f94c092b5/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Churches Get Involved
• African American churches played a key role in the movement (became a place for forums, planning meetings, organizing volunteers for campaigns, etc.)
• Martin Luther King, Jr. led the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
![Page 8: Harry Truman & Integration of U.S. Military and Federal Government July 26, 1948 Signed Executive Order 9981 integrating the United States Military](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649ef55503460f94c092b5/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Non-Violent Protests
Sit-insMarches
Freedom Rides
![Page 9: Harry Truman & Integration of U.S. Military and Federal Government July 26, 1948 Signed Executive Order 9981 integrating the United States Military](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649ef55503460f94c092b5/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
• Student organization that led many of the sit-ins
• More aggressive (but not violent) because they were younger, had no families to support, and could take more risks
![Page 10: Harry Truman & Integration of U.S. Military and Federal Government July 26, 1948 Signed Executive Order 9981 integrating the United States Military](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649ef55503460f94c092b5/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: Harry Truman & Integration of U.S. Military and Federal Government July 26, 1948 Signed Executive Order 9981 integrating the United States Military](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649ef55503460f94c092b5/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Freedom Riders
• Teams of African Americans and white Americans traveled to the South to integrate bus terminals
• Met with violence• Made the national news and shocked
many Americans
![Page 12: Harry Truman & Integration of U.S. Military and Federal Government July 26, 1948 Signed Executive Order 9981 integrating the United States Military](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649ef55503460f94c092b5/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Group Work
Complete the document based question packet in groups of 3 or 4.
![Page 13: Harry Truman & Integration of U.S. Military and Federal Government July 26, 1948 Signed Executive Order 9981 integrating the United States Military](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649ef55503460f94c092b5/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Major Court cases• Plessy v. Ferguson• Established the doctrine of “Separate but
Equal” that allowed segregation.
![Page 14: Harry Truman & Integration of U.S. Military and Federal Government July 26, 1948 Signed Executive Order 9981 integrating the United States Military](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649ef55503460f94c092b5/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Major Court Cases• Brown v. Board of Education• Established that the policy of “Separate but
equal” was unconstitutional.• Overturned Plessy decision!
![Page 15: Harry Truman & Integration of U.S. Military and Federal Government July 26, 1948 Signed Executive Order 9981 integrating the United States Military](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649ef55503460f94c092b5/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Little Rock, Arkansas - 1957• Governor Orval
Faubus• Central High School• Refused to allow
African American students in.
![Page 16: Harry Truman & Integration of U.S. Military and Federal Government July 26, 1948 Signed Executive Order 9981 integrating the United States Military](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649ef55503460f94c092b5/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Eisenhower & Little Rock, Arkansas• President Eisenhower sent U.S.
troops to Little Rock (Central High School) to enforce the law.
![Page 17: Harry Truman & Integration of U.S. Military and Federal Government July 26, 1948 Signed Executive Order 9981 integrating the United States Military](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649ef55503460f94c092b5/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: Harry Truman & Integration of U.S. Military and Federal Government July 26, 1948 Signed Executive Order 9981 integrating the United States Military](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649ef55503460f94c092b5/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: Harry Truman & Integration of U.S. Military and Federal Government July 26, 1948 Signed Executive Order 9981 integrating the United States Military](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649ef55503460f94c092b5/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Martin Luther King’s “Letter from a Birmingham Jail”
• The letter he wrote from jail explained why victims of segregation, violent attacks, and murder found it difficult to be patient.
![Page 20: Harry Truman & Integration of U.S. Military and Federal Government July 26, 1948 Signed Executive Order 9981 integrating the United States Military](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649ef55503460f94c092b5/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
“I Have a Dream Speech”
![Page 21: Harry Truman & Integration of U.S. Military and Federal Government July 26, 1948 Signed Executive Order 9981 integrating the United States Military](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649ef55503460f94c092b5/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
JFK’s Assassination
• Kennedy was a supporter of Civil Rights Legislation.
• After his death, President Lyndon Johnson felt that, in order to honor JFK’s memory, he needed to get Kennedy’s legislation passed
![Page 22: Harry Truman & Integration of U.S. Military and Federal Government July 26, 1948 Signed Executive Order 9981 integrating the United States Military](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649ef55503460f94c092b5/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
The Civil Rights Act of 1964
• Gave the federal government broad power to stop racial discrimination in the segregation in public places and in the workplace.
![Page 23: Harry Truman & Integration of U.S. Military and Federal Government July 26, 1948 Signed Executive Order 9981 integrating the United States Military](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649ef55503460f94c092b5/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
The Voting Rights Act of 1965
• Civil Rights Act did little to guarantee the right to vote
• The Voting Rights Act of 1965 gave the attorney general the right to send federal examiners to register qualified voters (resulted in 250,000 new African American voters)
![Page 24: Harry Truman & Integration of U.S. Military and Federal Government July 26, 1948 Signed Executive Order 9981 integrating the United States Military](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649ef55503460f94c092b5/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
1947 –
1948 –
1954 –
1963 –
1963 –
1964 –
1965 –
Jackie Robinson was the first African American to play for a major league baseball team
President Truman issued an executive order to integrate to US government and armed forces
Brown v. Board of Education – Supreme Court ruled that segregation in public schools was unconstitutional
MLK was arrested in Birmingham, AL. He wrote his “Letter from a Birmingham Jail” to address fears that white religious leaders had that he was moving too fast
MLK delivers his famous “I Have a Dream” speech
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Voting Rights Act of 1965