Harnessing gender equality within NDC process for accelerating developmental outcomes

Mainstreaming gender within the NDC process: entry points and ways forward

RATIONALE

Areas or sectors where women are referenced within national climate change priorities

• Out of 161 NDCs submitted, as of April 2016, 40% countries made at least one reference to gender equality or women.

• A critical oversight in the INDC process becomes an opportunity for enhancing the NDC by 2020

Source: Gender Equality in National Climate Action: Planning for Gender-Responsive Nationally Determined Contributionshttps://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/librarypage/womens-empowerment/gender-equality-in-national-climate-action--planning-for-gender-.html

IN-DEPTH GENDER ANALYSIS

• Helps to better understand gender differentiated impacts of climate change within key climate related sectors, to inform policy

• Supports engagement of relevant stakeholders to take into account different needs and opportunities to improve interventions

Challenges: - Lack of sex-disaggregated data and

information in relevant climate sectors- Need for more sufficient budget

allocation to implement gender-responsive actions identified in the planning process

- Better institutional coordination among actors at both horizontal and vertical levels involved in the NDC process

Entry points to integrate gender within NDCs to inform gender analysis

- Assess institutional gender equality frameworks and coordination mechanisms

- Integrate gender equality into climate change policy and planning instruments and processes

- Examine capacity building needs of institutions and non-state actors

- Sex-disaggregated data and indicators

- Dedicated financial resources

Multidimensional, integrated approach ensures gender equality is considered systematically and in a mutually reinforcing manner

Governance

PlanningPolicy

NDC = PLATFORM /

DRIVER

Dual leadership

1. Climate change unit/Ministry of Environment

2. National gender institution

EcuadorGOVERNANCE ON GENDER–RESPONSIVE NDC

Content:

1. Network for Governance on Gender and Climate Change

2. Capacities for Governance

3. Consultation Process

1. Network for Governance on Gender and Climate Change

NDC Gender Strategy

CLIMATE CHANGE

GOVERNANCE

GENDER MECHANISM

TECHNICAL SUPPORT

WOMEN`s ORGANIZATIONS

11 Government Institutions

AME Ecuadorian Municipal AssociationCONGOPE Consortium of provincial governments

Interinstitutional Committee on Climate Change

Presidency Vice-presidency

Ministry of the Environment

National Agenda for Equality

GENDER ACTION PLAN

AcademicsCooperationNGOs

Technical Table on Gender& Climate Change

Strategic Alliances

Strategic Alliances

NDC-SP

NAPAdaptation

4 NCBUR

NMPMitigation

MRVFinancing

Vulnerability Index

2. Capacities for Governance

✓Integrating gender into climate change policies

✓Institutional support on gender actions

✓Active role for transformingstereotypes and gender roles

✓Contributing to women empowerment and new masculinities

✓Commitment with gender equality

Building capacities with technical personnel:

3. Consultation Process

Equal gender participation

30 workshops

ActorsFrom June to December 2018 there were 30 participatory

workshops for the 11 Adaptation and Mitigation sectors

More tan 1000 actors from around 150 public and private sector, civil

society, cooperation and academia.

ECUADOR`S NDC

Gender Mechanism

TECHNICAL TABLE

Academia and NGOs (18)

NATIONAL ENCOUNTERWomen from national organizations

Gender Mechanism

THANK YOU!!

María Inés Rivadeneira

Gender Specialist, NDC-SP

ines.rivadeneira@ambiente.gob.ec

ECUADOR

Mainstreaming Gender into Planning in the NDC process in GhanaBy Sabia Kpekata: Climate Change and Gender Focal Point

Department of Gender , Ghana

Ghana’s Context: Gender & the NDCs

▪Ghana submitted its nationally determined contributions (GH-NDCs) to the UNFCCC in September 2015 before COP 21 held in Paris in

December the same year

▪Ghana’s NDC is anchored on the anticipated 40-year long-term development, GSGDA, NCCP and many other national policies

▪Ghana’s submitted NDCs contain gender as a focused action

▪There was a priority action on gender and the vulnerable with a priority option on building resilience for such groups placing emphasis

on technology and capacity building which will be of benefit to men, boys, girls and women

ROLE OF EPA, IN MAINSTREAMING GENDER IN THE NDC PLANNING PROCESS IN GHANA

• The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is an agency under Ghana’s Ministry of Environment,

Science, Technology and Innovation (MESTI). Under the NDCs, the EPA has responsibility for

managing the gender component of the NDC support Programme in coordination with the

Ministry of Gender, Children & Social Protection.

• The EPA also leads efforts for the development of the NDC Implementation plan and the

Monitoring, Reporting and Verification (MRV) tool.

ROLE OF MOGCSP IN MAINSTREAMING GENDERIN THE NDC PROCESS IN GHANA

• The Ministry of Gender, Children & Social Protection(MoGCSP) on the other hand has

responsibility for coordinating and tracking progress on all climate change and gender related

initiatives related to the NDCs.

• As part of this mandate, they are tasked to operationalise a gender and climate change sub-

committee under the National Climate Change Steering Committee.

Integrating gender considerations into the NDC planning process

Ghana’s current draft national NDCs Implementation Plan captures Gender issues under Chapter 13 under the title ‘Gender and the vulnerable’. The focus of this section is to enhance the resilience of women and the vulnerable in NDCs actions through;

❖ Strengthening coordination and collaboration on gender and climate change issues;

❖ Promoting gender climate change nexus research to facilitate evidence-based policy action

❖ Institutionalising capacity building on gender and climate change towards NDC planning and implementation.

These key actions are currently being captured in the Sectorial plans being developed

Integrating gender considerations into the NDC planning process

❖To further facilitate the integration of Gender into the NDC planning process, Ghana conducted gender analysis on its Agriculture and Energy sectors with the view of understanding how these sectors are gender responsive regarding the NDCs actions that were submitted from these sectors

KEY FINDINGS

❖Ghana’s climate change policies such as the National Climate Change Policy (NCCP), the National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy as well as policies in the energy and agriculture sectors recognised the importance of Gender Equality in achieving climate goals

❖The gender analysis found strong variations regarding the climate change and gender responsiveness of policies, strategies and plans in the agriculture and energy sectors. Among the two sectors; the Agriculture sector policies are more gender responsive compared to the ones in the energy sector.

❖Weak coordination on climate change and gender related actions;

Integrating gender considerations into the NDC planning process

❖Women’s participation and representation in decision making spaces in the energy and agriculture sectors is woefully inadequate.

❖Women do not have satisfactory access to technical knowledge on agriculture (including information on climate smart agricultural practices) due to numerous barriers to accessing information and profiting from extension services and training.

❖Technical capacity gaps in the public sector to develop and implement gender sensitive climate action; Climate change and its gender dimensions are relatively new concepts. thus, key staff in the Agriculture, Energy and other related sectors have inadequate relevant capacity for the effective mainstreaming of gender and climate change into these sectors

❖Inadequate sex disaggregated data for effective planning, monitoring and evaluation of gender sensitive climate action. The gap in sex disaggregated data is higher for the energy sector compared to the agriculture sector

Recommendations & Opportunities Identified for Integrating Gender Considerations

• Sectorial plans at national and sub national levels that is currently being developed. This will provide an entry point for Integrating gender equality considerations, as well as recognize women’s role as agents of change and key actors within climate action

❖Continuous advocacy and sensitization on the implementation of the National Gender Policy since this document mandates all sectors to have gender effectively mainstreamed into their planning and budgeting.

• Conduct an assessment on the Strategic National Energy Plan II (SNEP), that is under review and extended from 2020 to 2030, to ensure the SNEP data collection tool makes provisions for sex-disaggregated data. This will provide the basis for the Ministry of Energy to better coordinate with Ministry of Gender, Children and Social Protection (MoGCSP) and the Ghana Statistical Service (GSS) to institutionalize the production and analysis of gender statistics in the energy sector in line with the draft

five-year Strategic Plan on Gender Statistics (2018-2022).

• Similarly, it was recommended to create a data hub for the collection of sex-disaggregated data on the nature and impacts of climate change interventions in the energy and agriculture sectors. The hub can potentially be located within the Environmental Protection Agency’s data hub

STRENGTHENING THE ROLE OF WOMEN AS AGENTS OF CHANGE

• Involve women in all climate change efforts

• Improve women’s land rights

• Interventions for women should be context specific

• Increasing women’s participation in in climate action related decision making.

• Increase women’s access to climate information including climate smart practices and technologies

CHALLENGES

• Weak coordination on Gender and Climate change issues as the concept is relatively new

• Low representation of women in decision making positions

• Inadequate sex disaggregated data for planning

• Inadequate technical capacity among relevant staff in the area of gender and climate change

• Lack of gender sensitive indicators for monitoring

WAY FORWARD

• Development of a country specific Manual / tool kit on gender and climate change

• Capacity building for actors in the climate change space at the centralised and decentralised level

• Operationalise a gender and climate change coordination framework at all levels

• Establish a data hub to facilitate the collection and use of sex disaggregated data

THANK YOU

recabarsg.ccc@gmail.com

Climate Change

Act of 2009

Magna Carta of

Women

Philippine

DRRM Act

Feedback

MAGNA CARTA OF WOMEN of 2009

• Gender mainstreaming was adopted as the strategy to promote and fulfill

women’s human rights and eliminate gender discrimination in their systems,

structures, policies, programs, processes, and procedures.

• 5% GAD budget should be allocated by government agencies annually

CLIMATE CHANGE ACT OF 2009 as amended in

2012 • Created the Climate Change Commission (CCC) mandated to incorporate a

gender-sensitive, pro-children and pro-poor perspective in all climate change and

renewable energy efforts, plans, and programs of the national government and local

government units

• One of the Commissioners of the CCC should be a woman.

• The People’s Survival Fund shall take into account projects responsive to gender-

differentiated vulnerabilities, among other consideration

PHILIPPINE DISASTER RISK REDUCTION

MANAGEMENT ACT of 2010• Emphasizes that DRR and CC measures should be gender responsive.

Institutionalizes gender analysis in early recovery and post disaster needs

assessments;

• Requires head of Local Gender and Development Offices to be a member

of the Local Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Councils to ensure

that gender concerns and special needs of women are addressed

GENDER & CLIMATE CHANGE LAWS

Enabling Policies & Institutional Mechanisms

Gender empowerment

in climate action

G

Nurture national &

local capacities on

gender and CC

N

Enable evidence

collection &

knowledge

management

E

Engendering adaptation &

mitigation options in NDC

E

Developing the

Climate Change &

Gender M&E toolkit

D

Recognizing

successes &

challenges

R

Philippine case: Gender Mainstreaming Process in CC

Challenges

1. Lack of gender audit tools to monitor and evaluate gender mainstreaming in climate actions

2. A gender-disaggregated database on the relevant aspects of Philippines’ climate change work

33

Gender Assessment and Monitoringof Mitigation and Adaptation (GAMMA)Gotelind Alber, GenderCC

Gender Assessment and Monitoring of Mitigation and Adaptation (GAMMA)

GAMMA I:Institutional setting & policy

framework(Scorecards, 8 indicators)

GAMMA II:Qualitative assessment of climate

change programme(portfolio screening)

GAMMA III:Analysis of selected policies and

measures(Gender Impact Assessment)

Recommendations to policy-makers

GAMMA I: Institutional settings and policy framework

• Key questions: Are institutions and procedures able to address climate change and integrate the gender dimension?

• Methodology: Interviews with key persons, based on eight indicators and scorecards

1. Climate change integration into

planning, consideration of gender

issues

2. Mainstreaming of climate change

and gender into policies &

institutions

3. Budgeting and finance for gender-

responsive climate policies &

measures

4. Institutional capacity on climate

change & gender

5. Collection and use of data and

climate information

6. Integration of socio-economic

aspects

7. Awareness among key actors and

communication

8. Participation

INDICATOR 1: CLIMATE CHANGE INTEGRATION

INTO PLANNING, AND CONSIDERATION OF

GENDER ISSUES

Is the government incorporating gender into policy making and decision making (gender mainstreaming) in general?

Are climate change initiatives routinely subject to gender analysis or gender impact assessment, and modified, if necessary?

Are specific actions in place to address gender inequalities related to climate change, or to address the specific vulnerabilities, needs and capacities of women? If yes or partly, please specify.

GAMMA I: Examples of scorecards

INDICATOR 2: MAINSTREAMING OF GENDER INTO

CLIMATE CHANGE RELATED INSTITUTIONS AND

POLICIES

Are institutions and policy-makers responsible for gender equality and/or gender mainstreaming involved in developing and implementing climate policies, e.g. as part of cross-departmental climate change bodies or mechanisms?

Is there a Gender Action Plan that involves specific actions to mainstream gender into climate policy, with responsibilities, deadlines and deliverables?

Is there a Gender Focal Point or a Gender Team as part of the governmental body in charge of climate policy?

GAMMA II: Screening of the portfolio of policies

• Key question: Does the climate action programme cover the policies that address priority issues from a gender perspective?

• Methodology: Comparison of action programme with a broad portfolio of possible policies and measures, prioritised from a gender perspective

1. Spatial planning, settlements

and buildings

2. Mobility, transport and transport

infrastructure

3. Energy supply and demand

4. Consumption and waste

management

5. Agriculture / fishery / food

security

6. Biological diversity

7. Disaster Risk Reduction

8. Economic & business activities

9. Human health

10. Tourism

11. Water regime & management

12. Coastal erosion & flooding

Criteria and gender aspects analysed in portfolios

Mitigation

1. Effectiveness to reduce GHG emissions

2. Environmental & social co-benefits or adverse

impacts

3. Potential gender aspects: Improving access to

services and infrastructures; benefits for health,

body, safety; easing care activities; enhancing

decision making power; potential for cost/time

savings.

Adaptation

1. Effectiveness to reduce vulnerabilities

2. Environmental & social co-benefits or adverse

impacts

3. Potential gender aspects: Addressing underlying

causes of vulnerability; enhancing the resilience

of the most vulnerable groups, improved basic

infrastructures and services

GAMMA III: Assessment of specific policies

• Key question: Can the policy or action beimproved in order to contribute to genderequality?

• Methodology: Estimate the effects of the implementation of the policy on gender equality and gender relations, using with guiding questions along gender dimensions

1. What is the current situation in

the relevant field of action?

2. What does the policy seek to

achieve (intended impacts),

what are the activities?

3. What might be unintended

impacts?

4. What are the estimated impacts

on gender relations?

5. How could the policy be

improved?

GAMMA III: Gender Dimensions as spotlightsto detect gender impacts

1. Representation and participation in decision-making

2. Needs for, access to, and control over, resources (food, housing, time, space, services, infrastructures, technologies)

3. Education

4. Care economy

5. Formal, “productive“ economy and income

6. Body, intimacy, health, safety

7. Rights and access to justice

8. Androcentrism and symbolic order

GAMMA III: Examples for assessment questions

Needs for, and access to resources

● Does the policy contribute to better access for all to energy and transport services, water etc.?

● Does it contribute to improving food security?

● Are there gender-specific consumption patterns that need to be considered?

Care economy

● Does the policy acknowledge care work and its value for society?

● Does it relieve women from household chores or does it rather increase time and efforts for family care?

● Does it accommodate coping with day-to-day duties such as shopping, food provision, using public services, managing the waste etc.?

● Does it contribute to the redistribution of care work?

Perspectives

• GAMMA is applied in 14 pilot cities in India, Indonesia, Mexico and South Africa

• GenderCC developed a national version of GAMMA

• GAMMA national is currently tested in Indonesia and South Africa

Thank you

GenderCC-Women for Climate Justice

Global network of women’s organisations, gender experts and activists working for gender & climate justice

www.gendercc.net