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November 2015www.efectis.com
HARMONISATION OF FIRE SAFETY
ENGINEERING IN EUROPE : A DREAM?
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1. ABOUT EFECTIS
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EFECTIS GROUP
1 Holding (Saint-Aubin)
6 subsidiaries:
• EFECTIS France
• EFECTIS Nederland
• EFECTIS Era Avrasya
• EFECTIS Iberia
• EFECTIS USA
• EFECTIS Outlab
180 persons with 80% engineers
4 fire testing laboratories :
• Laboratory of Bleiswijk (The Netherlands)
• Laboratory of Gebze (Turkey)
• Laboratory of Maizières-lès-Metz (France-57)
• Laboratory of Les Avenières (France-38)
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EFECTIS : FIRE SPECIALIST AND EXPERT
NUCLEAR RAILWAY TUNNEL
SHIPWAY INDUSTRY BUILDINGS
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2. PRESCRIPTIVE AND NATIONAL REGULATIONS
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HISTORICAL PRESCRIPTIVE NATIONAL REGULATIONS
Regulation requires a minimum level with means to be
satisfied:
• 8m between buildings
• EI30 for doors
• R60 for building stability if more than 3 storeys
• 1.40m width of evacuation if more than 20 persons
• Corridor max 20m long
• Room linings Cs2d0
• 2% of Natural SHEVS
Easy to define and to control
Difficult to justify when not applied
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FIRE SAFETY IN EUROPE
CPD : Construction Product Directive (86/106/CEE -21 december 1988 )
Essential requirements
Harmonisation of testing
« Product » performance
CE marking
CPR : Construction Product Regulation (2013) - (N° 305/2011 – 9 March
2011) for performance assessment
European Safety level and requirements ?
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NATIONAL REQUIREMENTS
Different national safety levels in Europe
• Quantification ?
Different national fire safety strategies
• Passive
• Active
• FireFighters
Different scopes of application frame of FSE
• Open (free use)
• Closed (strict, controlled..)
How to harmonize : PBC and FSE ?
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3. FIRE SAFETY ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES
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FIRE SAFETY ENGINEERING : ISO/TC92/SC4 DEFINITION
The application of engineering principles, rules and expert judgement
based on a scientific appreciation of the fire phenomena, of the
effects of fire, and of the reaction and behaviour of people, in order
to:
save life, protect property and preserve the environment and
heritage;
quantify the hazards and risk of fire and its effects;
evaluate analytically the optimum protective and preventative
measures necessary to limit, within prescribed levels, the
consequences of fire
One definition many applications
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FIRE SAFETY ENGINEERING : SCOPE OF APPLICATION
Aim of use ?
• Design
• Verification of performance of product/system/construction
Control ?
• Step of validation
• Third party
• Qualification of engineers
• Qualification of tools
• Qualification of users
• Standardisation of data
• ..
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PROCESS OF APPLICATIONDesign
scenarios
Methods
Operator
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FSE : SEVERAL SKILLS TO BE MANAGED
Ignition Fire propagation
Smokepropagation
Fire compartmentation
Structural behaviour
Egressconditions
Fixed Extinguishing system
Fire fightingConditions and strategy
Several scientific skills to be managed : the result of a team
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FSE NEEDS TESTING
Standard Test
R&D tests
Ad hoc tests
Large scale tests
In situ tests
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FSE NEEDS TO INCLUDE FIRE FIGHTING CONDITIONS
Performance assessment of Intervention
Improvement of fire fighting conditions
Evolution of fire (high kinetics of fires)
• Evolution of means (profesional /
volonteers)
• Regions
• Adaptation of firefighting means to risks
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FSE NEEDS PROFESSIONAL REFERENCES (MODELLERS)
Training
Validation
Years of experience
Result of a team
Independence design / performance assessment
WHAT TYPE OF CONTROL ?
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FSE NEEDS OF RESEARCH
Combustion (effluents, models)
Connexion beween elements/ products / protection
Egress model and interaction with fire/smoke spread
Thermal and mechanical properties of materials
Fire behaviour plaster board partition
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FSE NEEDS FIRE INVESTIGATIONS
Understanding the effect
Understanding the limit
Knowing what comes from unbelievable and goes to
possible
Understanding the global approach of the fire safety
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FIRE INVESTIGATION
Unbelievable does not mean impossible
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FSE NEEDS FIRE STATISTICS
International : ISO TR 17755-1 « Fire safety – Overview of national fire
statistics practices » 2014
European : Report on Comparison of European fire statistics – 2011
German : Workgroup 14 „Fire Safety Systems“ of the Association for the
promotion of German Fire Safety – 2015
French : new process of use of statistics within specific national group.
First example on Car Parks.
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FSE NEEDS STANDARDIZATION
Design fire Scenarios
Design fires
Criteria
Effluents production rate
Methodology
…
Courbes standard de développement NFPA
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
0 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800
Temps (s)
Déb
it c
alo
rifi
qu
e (k
W)
Ultra rapide
Rapide
Moyenne
Lente
What about the life of the building…
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4. EUROPEAN STANDARDIZATION GROUP : CEN TC 127 WG8
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WHY A WG8 FOR FSE AT CEN LEVEL
ISO development and initatives
New EU countries need help to update their regulation
SFPE introduces « FIRE SAFETY ENGINEERS » certification for Europe
Hotel union introduces « Safe hotel » in europe
So
Need to highlight the objectives
Reinforce the work peformed
Need to prepare the future ourselves, and not from the others
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EUROPEAN FSE GUIDELINES :CEN TC 127 WG8
How to satisfy the needs of national regulators to
develop and provide Performance based codes ?
How to use the current European testing and product
standards for generating data within an FSE approach ?
How to satisfy a national safety level ?
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TC127/WG8 OBJECTIVES
Long term objectives• HARMONIZE THE FSE APPROACH IN EUROPE (SERVICES FREE CIRCULATION)
• ASSIST REGULATORS OF EU MEMBER STATES FOR MOVING TO PERFORMANCE BASED CODES
Mid Term objectives• PRODUCE TECHNICAL REPORTS FOR ASSISTING REGULATORS AND FSE USERS OR CONTROLLERS
• BE THE MAIN MEMBER ON ISO/TC92/SC4 WITH A EUROPEAN POINT OF VIEW
• MODIFY THE STANDARDS TESTS TO BE AN INPUT DATA FOR FSE USERS
Short term objectives• UNDERSTAND THE SITUATION IN EUROPE
• REVIEW OF GENERAL ISO/TC92/SC4 STANDARDS TO BE ADAPTED TO EU SITUATION
• INCLUDE THE RECENT INITIATIVES
• INTRODUCE SCIENTIFIC APPROACH ON EXAP AND EXTENDED TO NATURAL FIRE CONDITIONS
General review:• TC’S LIAISON
• SFPE EUROPE’S LIAISON
• ISO TC92 SC4 LIAISON
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SITUATION IN EUROPE : BENEFEU UPDATED 15 YEARS AFTER
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
MUCH WORK LITTLE WORK MATURE NO ANSWER
CHANGES TO REGULATIONWhat areas of FSE do you consider to be most mature and reliable so as to form the
basis of regulatory compliance?
SS1 - Fire initiation & development
SS2 - Smoke propagation
SS3 - Compartmentation & stability
SS4 - Detection, activation &suppression
SS5- Fire service intervention
F
P
ES
I
CH
DK
SW
FI
B
L P
I
CH
DK
FI
B
DK
FI
P
DK
N
FI
NL
F
P
ES
DK
SW
IC
N
FI
NL
B UK
IR
IC
N
NL
D
F
UK
SW
NL
A
D
L
F
P
ES
I
CH
UK
N
NL
B
D
L
F
ES
I
UK
SW
IC
A
B
D
L
I
UK
IR
A
D
A
ES
IR
IC
N
IR
SW
IC
A
CH
IR
CH
L
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SITUATION IN EUROPE : BENEFEU UPDATED 15 YEARS AFTER
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
YES NO NO ANSWER
EDUCATION AND TRAINING ON FSEWhat are the available sources of education and training which incorporate FSE in your country?
Bachelor level
Masters level
Continuous professional development
UK
SW
N
P
CH
UK
IR
DK
SW
IC
N
D
P
CH
UK
IR
SW
IC
N
A
D
F
P
ES
I
CH
DK
IC
FI
NL
A
D
F
ES
I
FI
NL
A
F
ES
I
DK
FI
NL
IR
B
LB
L
B
L
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SITUATION IN EUROPE : BENEFEU UPDATE 15 YEARS AFTER
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Nu
mb
er
of
afi
rmati
ve a
nsw
ers
EDUCATION AND TRAINING ON FSEIs there educational support available to professionals in the fire safety area?
SS1 - Fire initiation &
developmentSS2 - Smoke propagation SS3 - Compartmentation
& stability
SS4 - Detection,
activation & suppression
SS5 - Fire service
intervention
P
I
UK
IR
DK
IC
N
D
P
I
UK
IR
DK
IC
N
D
P
UK
IR
DK
IC
N
A
D
I
UK
IR
DK
IC
N
D
I
UK
IR
DK
IC
N
D
UK
IR
DK
IC
N
A
D
P
UK
IR
DK
IC
N
D
P
UK
IR
DK
IC
N
D
P
UK
IR
DK
IC
N
A
D
UK
IR
DK
IC
N
UK
IR
DK
IC
N
A
UK
IR
DK
IC
N
P
UK
IR
DK
IC
N
P
UK
IR
DK
IC
N
P
UK
IR
DK
IC
N
A
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EN ISO 13 943 : VOCABULARY : VERSION 2014
Terminology is an obstacle to the FSE harmonization and development
• Scientific terminologies
• Fire Safety Engineers terminologies
• Authorities / firefighters terminologies (prevention, intervention)
EN ISO 13 943 is not adapted
Initiatives are existing in many countries (Germany, France, ..)
How to consolidate for a European vision?
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CEN-ISO LINKS
CEN TC127 WG8 ISO TC92 SC4
ISO 23932 FSE general principles
Transformation into EN ISO 23932
EN specific to building
occupancies in European context
Car parks
Stations and airports
Cultural heritage buildings
…
Development of certification
guidance
For companies
For practitioners
ISO 16730verification and validation
Various standardized tools available:- Fire risk analysis- Evacuation- Analytical and numerical
modelling tools- Structural assessment
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CONCLUSION : HARMONIZATION IS A CONCRETE GOAL
Member states of Europe increase their knowledge on FSE each year
Member states of Europe voted unanimously for an official WG at CEN TC127
All member states of Europe have experienced in FSE application
CEN TC127 WG8 shall include all European initiatives (from member states, from CEN
TC’s, from other European association / organization)
Based on international works, based on the work performed in CEN, performance based
code is the only way to for European fire safety harmonization, if FSE becomes a
common practice with European rules.
Performance based codes should then include relationship with national prescriptive
codes!
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5. THE NETHERLANDS : AN EXAMPLE OF IMPROVEMENT IN FSE
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IMPROVEMENTS FROM THE NETHERLANDS
New regulation published in 2012
IFV reasearch and development on Firefighters intervention conditions
Fire investigation practice with a dedicated scientific publication
Fire Safety Engineering trainings and courses
Fire Safety Engineering Book for national harmonization
Fire Safety Application : example of DHV building