harmonic assessment in a modern transmission network …
TRANSCRIPT
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Harmonic Assessment in a Modern Transmission Network HARMONY Symposium August 2015
Christian Flytkjær Jensen Energinet.dk
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Harmonic Coordination at transmission level
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Harmonic Coordination at transmission level
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4
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 500
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
Harmonic [-]
Vol
tage
[%]
Planning level EHVPlanning level MV
MV and EHV planning levels according to IEC-61000-3-6. THDV at MV is restricted to 6% and 3% at MV and HV
Harmonic Coordination at transmission level – the planning level
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The responsibility of the TSO is:
1. Ensure that the harmonic voltage distortion level is below the planning level at all nodes where customers are connected
2. Allocate each connectee as must of the planning level as possible
Harmonic Coordination at transmission level – the planning level
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Harmonic Coordination at transmission level – a complicated task
> 2200 MW PE operated by different developers connected at the same transmission node
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Harmonic Coordination at transmission level – a complicated task
PoCPCC
HRC
EDR400 EDR220 BBG220 HRC220 HRC33
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Power quality issues on Anholt
Anholt
PoCPCC
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Measured (U(t), I(t)) Measured (U(t), I(t))
Power quality issues on Anholt
Owned and operated by Energinet.dk
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Grenå Anholt
Power quality issues on Anholt
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0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30Måling på Platformen kl. 13:06, 28 kHz sampling
Time [sec]
Cur
rent
[A]
IL1
IL2IL3
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06-400
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400Måling i Grenå kl. 13:06, 28 kHz sampling
Time [sec]
Cur
rent
[A]
IL1
IL2IL3
Grenå 220 kV – måling på søkablet Anholt 220 kV – måling på søkablet
Power quality issues on Anholt
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Grenå 220 kV Anholt 220 kV
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2x 105 Måling i Grenå kl. 13:06, 28 kHz sampling
Time [sec]
Vol
tage
[V]
UL1
UL2UL3
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2x 105 Måling på Platformen kl. 13:06, 28 kHz sampling
Time [sec]
Vol
tage
[V]
UL1
UL2UL3
Power quality issues on Anholt
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 130
50
100
150
200
250
Harmoniske [-]
Spæ
nidn
g [k
Vrm
s]
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 130
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
Harmoniske [-]
Spæ
nidn
g [%
]
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 130
50
100
150
200
250
Harmoniske [-]
Spæ
nidn
g [k
Vrm
s]
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 130
0.5
1
1.5
Harmoniske [-]
Spæ
nidn
g [%
]
Grenå 220 kV Anholt 220 kV
THDa=1.5%THDb=1.0%THDc=1.4%
THDa=1.7%THDb=1.3%THDc=1.6%
Power quality issues on Anholt
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Wound GIS voltage transformers class 0.2
Measuring challenges
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Measuring challenges
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Measuring challenges
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Measuring challenges
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0 200 400 600 800 1000 12000
20
40
60
P [M
W]
Active Power
0 200 400 600 800 1000 12000
2
4
Uh [%
]
13th order harmonc voltage T1
0 200 400 600 800 1000 12000
2
4
Uh [%
]
13th order harmonc voltage T2
0 200 400 600 800 1000 12000
2
4
Time stamp [-]
Uh [%
]
13th order harmonc voltage T3
Harmonic distortion at the PoC
Poor correlation of harmonic voltage level to production
11th order harmonic at 33 kV level
No production
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0 200 400 600 800 1000 12000
20
40
60
P [M
W]
Active Power
0 200 400 600 800 1000 12000
2
4
Uh [%
]
13th order harmonc voltage T1
0 200 400 600 800 1000 12000
2
4
Uh [%
]
13th order harmonc voltage T2
0 200 400 600 800 1000 12000
2
4
Time stamp [-]
Uh [%
]
13th order harmonc voltage T3
Harmonic distortion at the PoC
Poor correlation of harmonic voltage level to production
No production
13th order harmonic at 33 kV level
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Z2
Z1
Ubck(h)
B1
ZG
BG
Additional Harmonic Contribution (AHC)
∙ ∙
where is an amplification factor (gain factor) from 400 kV busbar to the PoC and is the combined impedance seen by the current source .
The Harmonic Voltage Distortion Level at the PoC for the hth harmonic can be calculated as:
TRI400 TRI220
GNK220
AHA220 AHA33
Landkabel Standkabel Søkabel
60-120 Mvar60-120 Mvar
120 Mvar
61,1 km 24,5 km0,5 km
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Additional Harmonic Contribution (AHC)
Additional Harmonic Contribution (AHC)
The Additional Harmonic Contribution is defined as the total increase in the magnitude of the Harmonic Voltage Distortion Level (HVDL) due to connection of the Plant to the Transmission System. The AHC includes the increase in HVDL due to:
1. Additional harmonic distortion due to harmonic voltages or currents generated and emitted by the Plant.
2. Amplification of the background harmonic voltage distortion level at the PoCcaused by an interaction between the Plant’s and the Transmission System’s harmonic impedances (for instance due to resonance)
TRI400 TRI220
GNK220
AHA220 AHA33
Landkabel Standkabel Søkabel
60-120 Mvar60-120 Mvar
120 Mvar
61,1 km 24,5 km0,5 km
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Additional Harmonic Contribution (AHC)
1 ∙ ∙
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Factors influencing the AHC – grid impedance
∙ ∙
where is an amplification factor (gain factor) from 400 kV busbar to the PoC and is the combined impedance seen by the current source .
The Harmonic Voltage Distortion Level at the PoC for the hth harmonic can be calculated as:
TRI400 TRI220
GNK220
AHA220 AHA33
Landkabel Standkabel Søkabel
60-120 Mvar60-120 Mvar
120 Mvar
61,1 km 24,5 km0,5 km
Z2
Z1
Ubck(h)
B1
ZG
BG
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• Grid impedance depends on:
• Loading
• Dispatch
• Grid configuration (n-1, n-2,..)
• Passive filter coupling
• …
Factors influencing the AHC – grid impedance
0 500 1000 15000
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
R [
]
f [Hz]
0 500 1000 1500-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
X [
]
f [Hz]
R1 vs X1 under 364 system conditions @ 400 kV
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R1 vs X1 and R0 vs X0 for 364 system conditions at the 11th harmonic f+-10% with polygons
• Grid impedance depends on:
• Loading
• Dispatch
• Grid configuration (n-1, n-2,..)
• Passive filter coupling
• …
Factors influencing the AHC – grid impedance
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1 3 5 7 11 13 23 25 300
2
4
6
8
Harmonic [-]
Am
plifi
catio
n [-
]
Uh AHA 33a3
1 3 5 7 11 13 23 25 300
5
10
15
Harmonic [-]
Am
plifi
catio
n [-
]
Uh AHA 33b3
1 3 5 7 11 13 23 25 300
2
4
6
8
10
Harmonic [-]
Am
plifi
catio
n [-
]
Uh AHA 33c3
Positive sequence amplification factor as function of harmonic frequency and ZG
Factors influencing the AHC – grid impedance
Z2
Z1
Ubck(h)
B1
ZG
BG
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Zero sequence amplification factor as function of harmonic frequency and ZG
1 3 5 7 11 13 23 25 300
1
2
3
Harmonic [-]
Am
plifi
catio
n [-
]
Uh HRC 220a
1 3 5 7 11 13 23 25 300
1
2
3
Harmonic [-]
Am
plifi
catio
n [-
]
Uh HRC 220b
1 3 5 7 11 13 23 25 300
1
2
3
Harmonic [-]
Am
plifi
catio
n [-
]
Uh HRC 220c
Factors influencing the AHC – grid impedance
Z2
Z1
Ubck(h)
B1
ZG
BG
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Factors influencing the AHC – array system
1015
20 -10
0
100
1
2
Park cable length [%]
BBG a
Harmonic [-]
Am
plifi
catio
n [-
]
1015
20 -10
0
100
1
2
Park cable length [%]
BBG b
Harmonic [-]
Am
plifi
catio
n [-
]
1015
20 -10
0
100
1
2
Park cable length [%]
BBG c
Harmonic [-]
Am
plifi
catio
n [-
]
1015
20 -10
0
100
1
2
Park cable length [%]
HRC a
Harmonic [-]
Am
plifi
catio
n [-
]10
1520 -10
0
100
1
2
Park cable length [%]
HRC b
Harmonic [-]
Am
plifi
catio
n [-
]
1015
20 -10
0
100
1
2
Park cable length [%]
HRC c
Harmonic [-]
Am
plifi
catio
n [-
]
Z2
Z1
Ubck(h)
B1
ZG
BG
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PoC to PCC amplification factors
Positive sequence amplification factor from PoC to PCC as function of harmonic frequency
1 3 5 7 11 13 23 25 300
0.5
1
1.5
2
Harmonic [-]
Am
plifi
catio
n [-
]
Uh EDR 400a
1 3 5 7 11 13 23 25 300
0.5
1
1.5
2
Harmonic [-]
Am
plifi
catio
n [-
]
Uh EDR 400b
1 3 5 7 11 13 23 25 300
0.5
1
1.5
2
Harmonic [-]
Am
plifi
catio
n [-
]
Uh EDR 400c
Z2
Z1
Ubck(h)
B1
ZG
BG
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Z2
Z1
Ubck(h)
B1
ZG
BG
PoC to PCC amplification factors
Phase resistive and reactive components of the frequency dependent impedance seen from the off-shore platform under changing configurations in the 400 kV grid.
0 200 450 900 1500 2000 25000
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
R [
]
f [Hz]
0 200 450 900 1500 2000 2500-800
-600
-400
-200
0
200
400
600
X [
]
f [Hz]
Ra
Rb
Rc
Xa
Xb
Xc
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0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200-20
0
20
40
P [M
W]
Active Power
0 200 400 600 800 1000 12000
2
4
Uh [%
]
11th order harmonc voltage T1
0 200 400 600 800 1000 12000
2
4
Uh [%
]
11th order harmonc voltage T2
0 200 400 600 800 1000 12000
2
4
Time stamp [-]
Uh [%
]
11th order harmonc voltage T3
11th order harmonic at 33 kV level
Transmission level harmonic modelling
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What is a Crossbonded Cable System?
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What is a Crossbonded Cable System?
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What is a Crossbonded Cable System?
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Transmission level harmonic modelling
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 20000
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
|Z| [
]
Frequencu [Hz]
10 Major sections5 Major sections3 Major sections
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Transmission level harmonic modelling
0 00 00 0
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Transmission level harmonic modelling
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Transmission level harmonic modelling
0 00 00 0
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Transmission level harmonic modelling
600 620 640 660 680 700 720 740 760 780 8000
0.5
1
1.5
2
Time stamp [-]
Uh [%
]
13th order harmonc voltage T3
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Transmission level harmonic modelling
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Harmonic Coordination at transmission level
Difficulties in obtaining representative AHC values lead to:• A conservative limit for each connectee is given• Complicated high voltage level harmonic coordination
-> AHC must be evaluated as a harmonic phasor for compliance evaluation
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Harmonic Coordination at transmission level
Difficulties in obtaining representative AHC values lead to:• A conservative limit for each connectee is given• Complicated high voltage level harmonic coordination
-> AHC must be evaluated as a harmonic phasor for compliance evaluation
Post
con
nect
ion
dist
ortio
n Pre connection distortion
Post connection distortion
AHC
Limit
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The PQ-sensor for CVTs
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The PQ-sensor for CVTs
• Harmonic phasors can be determine correctly (AHC)
• The harmonic sequence components can hence be determined
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45
Program covers: • All 400 kV substations
• All 220 kV substations
• Selected 132 kV and 150 kV
substations
The first Danish WA PQ-measuring system
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46
Research goals: • Determine the main source(s) of
harmonic distortion in the Danish
transmission system
• Reduce emission at the source
The first Danish WA PQ-measuring system