Happy Monday!Bellwork: October 26

Write the following question and your answers on a bellwork page.

In what organelle does transcription occur in the

cell?

In what organelle does translation occur?

Science Fact of the Day:Fingernails grow four times as fast as toenails.

Let’s get ready!• Title: DNA Mutations•Date: 10-26-15• Essential Question: What effect will a mutation have on the body?•Fold your mutation paper in half hot dog style and glue it in on the left side of the page. Leave some room at the bottom

Think about it:What happens if our DNA gets

messed up?

Do you know of any diseases caused by genetic mutations?

Mutations: changes in the genetic material caused by mistakes during replication, transcription, or due to environmental factors (radiation)

Sickle Cell AnemiaColor Blindness

Crystal clear underwater vision!Crystal clear underwater vision

Resistance to HIV

In other words mutations are changes in DNA

How big is DNA?

Two major types of mutations:

Point Mutations (substitutions) A mutation that changes a single base

Frameshift Mutations An insetion or deletion that affects the entire amino acid sequence

Normal DNA Phe Tyr Ala Arg

DNA

mRNA

Silent:

DNA

mRNAPhe Tyr Ala Arg

Even though a base changes, it does not cause a change in the amino acidsPo

int M

utati

onMutations only “matter” if they change the amino acid sequence. Ex. Wicked Bible

Missense:

DNA

mRNAPhe Tyr Gly Arg

A base change causes a change in one amino acidPo

int M

utati

on

Nonsense:

DNA

mRNAPhe Stop Ala Arg

A base change causes an early stopPo

int M

utati

on

Insertion:

DNA

mRNAPhe Iso Cys Thr

A base is added and causes a change in all the amino acids after itFr

ames

hift

Mut

ation

Deletion:

DNA

mRNAPhe Leu His

A base is deleted and causes a change in all the amino acids after itFr

ames

hift

Mut

ation

Genetic Mutations: Your Name1. Copy the chart below.2. Write your name in the first box.3. Put a box around each codon.4. Fill in the rest of the start by doing the mutation. 5. Put a box around each codon after the mutation.

Name: T I F F A N Y J O Y J O N E S

Insertion (add a base into the sequence)

T I F F A N Y Z J O Y J O N E S

Deletion (take a base away)

T I F F A N J O Y J O N E S

Substitution (take out a base and put a different one in its place

T I F F A N Z J O Y J O N E S

Quick WriteWhich is more likely to have

a bigger effect on an organism, a point mutation

or frameshift mutation? Explain why.

Use the remainder of class to start on your homework (due tomorrow).

The amino acids can be abbreviated to only the first 3 letters.