hanging separately: why china and africa are unable to meet as equals
DESCRIPTION
Slide deck for a talk given at Coffman Memorial Union, University of Minnesota to the local Great Decisions chapter.TRANSCRIPT
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Hanging SeparatelyWhy China and Africa are unable to meet as equals
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China and Africa GDP, 1960-2012
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China and U.S. GDP, 1960-2012
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China-Africa Interactions Pre-1950
Zheng He(1371-1433)
Muslim Eunuch, commander of Nanjing, fleet admiral, diplomat, mariner.
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Zheng He’s voyages, 1405-1433
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Parallel Histories
Pre-Colonial
Colonial
Independence
Imperial
Colonial Influence
1912 Revolution
1949 Revolution
Africa China
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1911 Independence Flag
Red: Han
Yellow: Manchus
Blue: Mongols
Hui (Muslims): White
Black: Tibetans
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Colonialism, 1898
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Colonialism, 1920
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Colonialism, 1936
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Colonialism, 1945
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Six Decades of PRC-Africa Relations
50s-60s“One China”, UN votes, diplomatic recognition
70s-80sSino-Soviet conflicts, “One China”, domestic focus
90s-00s“Brand” management, rapid growth, secure supply chain
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Independence, by decade
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African Nations(Ordered by first recognition of the PRC)
Egypt
Morocco
Algeria
Sudan
Guinea
Ghana
Mali
Somalia
Democratic Republic of Congo
Tanzania
Uganda
Kenya
Burundi
Tunisia
Congo, Brazzaville
Central African Republic
Zambia
Benin
Mauritania
Equatorial Guinea
Ethiopia
Nigeria
Cameroon
Sierra Leone
Rwanda
Senegal
Mauritius
Togo
Madagascar
Chad
Burkino Faso
Guinea Bissau
Gabon
Niger
Gambia
Botswana
MozambiqueSão Tomé and Príncipe
Comoro Islands
Cape Verde
Seychelles
Liberia
Libya
Djibouti
Zimbabwe
Angola
Côte d'Ivoire
Lesotho
Namibia
Eritrea
South Africa
Malawi
South Sudan
Swaziland (never recognized)
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The Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence
1. mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity2. mutual non-aggression3. non-interference in each other's internal affairs4. equality and mutual benefit5. peaceful coexistence.
Originally set forth by Premier Zhou Enlaito the Indian delegation in 1953-1954
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Six Decades of PRC-Africa Relations
50s-60s“One China”, UN votes, diplomatic recognition
70s-80sSino-Soviet conflicts, “One China”, domestic focus
90s-00s“Brand” management, rapid growth, secure supply chain
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UN recognizes PRC, 1971
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Nixon visits Beijing, 1972
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[The guiding principle of Chinese diplomacy in the 1980s changed from] “ideological idealism to pragmatic idealism and from unconditional internationalism to a priority of national interest."
—He WenpingChinese Africanist
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Six Decades of PRC-Africa Relations
50s-60s“One China”, UN votes, diplomatic recognition
70s-80sSino-Soviet conflicts, “One China”, domestic focus
90s-00s“Brand” management, rapid growth, secure supply chain
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The Party(Communist Party of China)
18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China
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Hu Jintao’s “Four Nos”
1. no hegemonism2. no power politics3. no military alliances4. no arms races
1997 ASEAN Summit
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Trade between Africa and China 1995-2008
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Egypt
Free Officers’ Revolt, 1952Mubarak deposed, 2011
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Sudan
Independence, 1956Coup d'état, 1969Coup d'état, 1971
1972, civil war hiatusCoup d'état, 1989
South Sudan separates, 2011
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Burkina Faso
Formerly Upper VoltaIndependence 1984
Coup d'état, 1987
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Ghana
Independence 1957Coup d'état, 1966
Various coups 1966-1981Elections 1992
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Kwame Nkrumah and Mao Zedong
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Nigeria
Independence 1960Variosu coups, civil war,
1966-1970Military junta, 1970, coups,
juntaElections 1999
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“Chinese citizens found in oil installations will be treated as thieves. The Chinese government by investing in stolen crude places its citizens in our line of fire.”
—Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta (MEND)
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Equatorial Guinea
Independence 1968Coup d'état, 1979
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Tanzania
Independence 1961Merge with Zanzibar, 1964
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Angola
Independence 1975Ceasefire, 2002Elections 2008
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South Africa
Independence 1931Transition to Republic, 1961
First universal elections, 1994
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Zimbabwe
Formerly South RhodesiaDeclaration of independence,
1964“Zimbabwe Rhodesia”, 1979
Elections, 1980Transition to Republic, 1961
First universal elections, 1994
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“It is possible to build an unequal relationship, the kind of relationship that has developed between African countries as colonies. The African continent exports raw material and imports manufactured goods, condemning (it) to underdevelopment”
—President Thabo Mbeki, South Africa, 2006
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Further Resources