Handout: Chapter 11 Notes

Pages 271 to 284

Rock Stress

1. Compression: BOP IT Squeezes and shortens a body of rock Near convergent plate boundaries

2. Tension: PULL IT Stretches and pulls a body of rock apart Near divergent plate boundaries

3. Shear Stress: TWIST IT Pushes parts of the body of rock in opposite

directions At transform plate boundaries

Rock Stress

Faults: A break in a body of rock along which one block slides relative to another

1. Normal Faults: form at divergent boundaries, where the crust is pulling apart

2. Reverse Faults: form a convergent boundaries, where the crust is pushed together or compressed

3. Strike-Slip Faults: form at transform boundaries, where tectonic plates grind past each other as they move in opposite directions

Mountain Ranges and Systems

1. Mountain Ranges: a series of mountains that are closely related in orientation, age, shape, and structure

• Mount Everest is part of the Great Himalaya Range

2. Mountain Systems: a group of mountain ranges that are next to each other

• The Appalachian mountain system is made up of several mountain ranges

Plate Tectonics and Mountains: Mountains are formed mainly by the collision of 2

plates.1. When oceanic crust meets continental crust

the continental crust is pushed.• The oceanic crust sinks underneath and melts

forming volcanoes.

2. When two oceanic plates collide, the more dense one sinks below the other.

• As it sinks, it melts to form volcanoes.

3. When two continents collide, the crust is pushed upwards.

• The Himalayas were formed this way when India ran into Asia. (still growing)

Types of Mountains

1. Folded Mountains• Highest mountain ranges in the world• Tectonic plates colliding squeeze rock layers

upward, folding and faulting them• Himalayas, Appalachians, Alps are

examples

Plate Tectonics Comic Book Page 13

Types of Mountains

2. Fault-Block Mountains• Crust has been stretched and broken into

large blocks • Happens where plates are being pulled

apart• Sierras, Wasatch, and Teton’s are examples

Plate Tectonics Comic Book Page 13

Types of Mountains3. Domed Mountains

• Rare type formed when magma rises and pushes up against the surface without breaking through

• A rounded mountain with a center peak• Henry Mts. In Utah, Black Hills of S.D. are

examplesHenry Mountains In Utah

Plate Tectonics Comic Book Page 13

Types of Mountains

4. Salt Domed Mountain• Astronaut view of domed mountain created when salt,

underlain with petroleum deposits was squeezed up through more dense rock layers towards the surface.

The End???