HANDBOOK OF

CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS

Second Edition

Edited by

JAMES P. LANDERS

CRC Press Boca Raton New York London Tokyo

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Handbook of capillary electrophoresis I edited by James P. Landers. -- 2nd ed. p. em.

Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8493-2498-X 1. Capillary electrophoresis. I. Landers, James P. [DNLM: 1. Electrophoresis, Capillary--methods. QU 25 H236 1996]

QP519.9.C36H35 1996 574.19'285--dc20 DNLM/DLC for Library of Congress 96-22998

CIP

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52 HAN HD H784

I

J

DEDICATION

~o my parents for their guidance in the early years and my wife and children for their contmuous encouragement and boundless support.

CONTENTS

I. MODES

Chapter 1 Introduction to Capillary Electrophoresis Robert P. Oda and James P. Landers

Chapter 2

••• •• •••••••••••• • ••• • ~- ••••••••••••••••••• •••• 0 •• •••• • ••••• •• •••••••••• 1

Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography .... ............ .......... ............. ...... ... .. ... ...... ..... . ... ... .. 49 Jeffrey R. Mazzeo

Chapter 3

Capillary Electrophoresis Separation of Enantiomers by Cyclodextrin Array Chiral Analysis ........... ........ ......................... .. ...... .......... .. ............. ...... .... .. ............ .... ........ .. ... ... .... 75 Andras Guttman

Chapter 4

Capillary Isoelectric Focusing ................ ..... .... ...... ..... ................................ ..... ... .. .... ........ 101 Roberto Rodriguez-Diaz, Tim Wehr, Mingde Zhu, and Vikorya Levi

Chapter 5

Theory and Practice of Capillary Electrochromatography .. ... ......... ... ... .......... ..... ........ ... 139 Monika M. Dittman and Gerard P. Rozing

II. ANALYTE

Chapter 6

Capillary Ion Electrophoresis ... .... ......... ....... .. .... .......... .. .. ......... ....... .. ... . ..... .... . . .. . . . ..... .... . 155 William R. Jones

Chapter 7

Analysis of Small Organic Molecules by Capillary Electrophoresis .... ...... ............ ..... .. . 189 Kevin D. Altria

Chapter 8

Capillary Electrophoresis of Peptides ................................................................ ....... ....... 213 Tom van de Goor, Alex Apffel, John Chakel, and William Hancock

Chapter 9

Capillary Electrophoresis of Proteins .. ...... ...... .... . ..... ... ........ .... .... .. ...... ... ...... .. ........ .... ..... 259 Tom Pritchett and Frank A. Robey

Chapter 10

Carbohydrate Analysis by Capillary Electrophoresis ...... .. ............... ....... .... ... .. ... . .. .... .. ... 297 Joseph D. Olechno and Judith A. Nolan

Chapter 11

Separation of DNA by Capillary Electrophoresis ............................................................ 347 Kathi J. Ulfelder and Bruce R. McCord

III. ESSENTIAL ASPECTS OF CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS

Chapter 12 Optical Detection Techniques for Capillary Electrophoresis .................. .. ........ .. ........... . Stephen L. Pentoney, Jr. and Jonathan V. Sweedler

Chapter 13 Electrochemical Detection in Capillary Electrophoresis Carsten Haber

Chapter 14

379

425

Data Analysis in Capillary Electrophoresis Bart J. Wanders

....... ... ....................... .. .. .. .... .. .......... .. ...... .... .. 449

Chapter 15 Effects of Sample Matrix on Capillary Electropohoretic Analysis . ..... .. .. .............. ... ...... 457 Zak K. Shihabi

Chapter 16 On-Line Sample Preconcentration for Capillary Electrophoresis .... .. ... ........ .. ................ 479 Dean S. Burgi and Ring-Ling Chien

IV. APPLICATIONS

Chapter 17 . Capillary Electrophoresis for the Analysis of Single Cells: Electrocherrucal, Mass Spectrometric, and Radiochemical Detection ...... ..................... ...................... ...... .. 495 Franklin D. Swanek, Sandra S. Ferris, and Andrew G. Ewing

Chapter 18 Capillary Electrophoresis for the Analysis of Single Cells: Laser-Induced Fluorescence Detection ............. ........................ .... ................. ... .... ... ............................... .. 523 Sheri J, Lillard and EdwardS. Yeung

Chapter 19 Capillary Gel Electrophoresis for Large Scale DNA Sequencing: Separation and Detection ....................... ... .................. .. ............... ..... .... ... ........... · .... ........ . 545 Norman J, Dovichi

Chapter 20 Capillary Electrophoresis for the Analysis of Drugs in Biological Fluids ..................... 567 Robert P. Oda, Matt E. Roche, James P. Landers, and Zak K. Shihabi ·•

Chapter 21 Use of Capillary Electrophoresis for Binding Studies Frank A. Robey

Chapter 22

591

Immunoassays and Enzyme Assays Using Capillary Electrophoresis ............. ............... 611 Nicole M. Schultz, Li Tao, Donald J. Rose, Jr., and Robert T. Kennedy

Chapter 23 Clinical Applications of Capillary Electrophoresis . . ............ ... .. ... ... ..... ........ .. ... .. ... ......... 639 Robert P. Oda, Valerie J. Bush, and James P. Landers

V. SPECIALIZED ASPECTS OF CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS

Chapter 24 Capillary Surface Modification in Capillary Electrophoresis ...... ..... ............. ........ .... ...... 675 Ann M. Dougherty, Nelson Cooke, and Paul Shieh

Chapter 25 Improved Capillary Electrophoretic Separations Associated with Controlling Electroosmotic Flow . . . .. . .. . . . .. . .. . .. . . . .. . . . .. . .. . . . .. . .. .. . .. . . . .. . .. .. . .. . . . . . .. . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . . . . . 717 Cheng S. Lee

Chapter 26 Continuous Separations by Electrophoresis in Rectangular Channels ............. .... .. .... ..... 741 Peter F. Gavin and Andrew G. Ewing

Chapter 27 Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography-Capillary Electrophoresis ......... .. .. .. ............ 765 Dorothea J. Jeffery, Thomas F. Hooker, and James W. Jorgenson

Chapter 28 Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry ................................................................. 791 Joanne C. Severs and Richard D. Smith

Chapter 29 Microfabricated Devices for Performing Capillary Electrophoresis .. ... ...... .... ....... ... .. .... 827 Stephen C. Jacobson and J. Michael Ramsey

Chapter 30 Fraction Collection with Micro-Preparative Capillary Electrophoresis .. ........ .... .. .. ........ 841 Michael A. Strausbauch and Peter J, Wettstein

Appendix 1 Calculations for Practical Use .................... ......... ............................................................. 865

Appendix 2 Troubleshooting . . . .. . . . .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. . .. . . . . . . . . 873

Appendix 3 Separation Conditions for Classes of Analytes .... .. ...... ....... ............. .................... .. .......... 877

Index ........... ................................................. ... ............................................... ..... ............... 885