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TRANSCRIPT
Handbook for Preparation
of Graduate Dissertations,
Projects, and Theses
College of Graduate Studies Main Campus
Revised October 2007
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Table of Contents
Table of Contents 2
Introduction 4
General Directions 4
General Formatting 5
Font Style and Size 5 Spacing 5 Margins 5 Title 5 Page Numbering 6
Organization of Document 6
Title Page 7
Abstracts 8
Charts, Graphs, Tables, Photographs, & Maps 9
Electronic Submission 10
Steps for ETD Submission 10
Copies 11
Paper Specifications 11
For LaTeX Users 11
Submission Deadlines & Requirements 12
Dissertation Microfilming Requirement 13
Copyrighting Your Document 14
Personal Copies 15 Appendix A - Examples of Title and Signature Pages 16 Sample Dissertation Title Page 17 Sample Project Title Page 18 Sample Thesis Title Page 19 Sample College of Education Project/Thesis Title Page --Required Format 20 Sample College of Education Dissertation Title Page--Required Format 21 Sample College of Health Science and Human Service Project/Thesis Title Page 22 Sample College of Health Science and Human Service Dissertation Title Page 23 Sample College of Engineering Project Signature Page --Required Format 24 Sample College of Engineering Thesis Signature Page --Required Format 25 Sample College of Engineering Dissertation Signature Page --Required Format 26
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Appendix B - Examples of 27 Sample Abstract Page 28 Sample Copyright Page 29 Sample Table of Contents Page 30 Sample Chapter First Page 31
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Introduction
Your dissertation, thesis, or project represents a significant contribution to knowledge in
your particular discipline. Accordingly, it is important to ensure that its presentation meets
certain standards and requirements in order that it will enjoy the widest possible dissemination
and readership. The purpose of this handbook is to set down the requirements which will insure
that these standards are met and that your document will be acceptable to the College of
Graduate Studies, the Carlson Library, and Pro Quest/UMI Dissertations Publishing in the case
of dissertations.
General Directions
In an effort to provide greater access to your work, we encourage you to participate in the
electronic submission program available through the OhioLINK Electronic Thesis and
Dissertations (ETD) Center. This Handbook will assist you in the submission process whether
you elect to submit your completed document electronically or through printed copies.
If someone other than you is composing your document, be certain that they have a copy
of this handbook and are familiar with its instructions. Sample pages are included in the
appendices of this document. Check to make sure that the word processing software you intend
to use can handle the margin, page-numbering, and other requirements outlined in this handbook;
checking the software’s capabilities before you begin writing can save a great deal of time at the
end of the process. Finally, for students preparing a dissertation, please review the information
in the Proquest/UMI “Publishing Your Doctoral Dissertation” booklet available on the College
of Graduate Studies’ Web-site. This booklet also contains required forms that you must
complete and submit with your dissertation. Also, please check the College of Graduate Studies
Web-site to see a listing of forms and be sure that you have submitted all those required for your
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for your program and degree requirements. If you have any questions, please contact your
advisor or the College of Graduate Studies Office.
General Formatting
As matters of style and form for projects, theses and doctoral dissertations vary from one
discipline to another, specific formatting requirements are determined by your committee and/or
department. While the College of Graduate Studies requires no particular style, a consistent
style should be used throughout the entire document. The College of Graduate Studies
recommends the following “best practice” guidelines.
Font: The text font and text size used in your dissertation, thesis or project should be one chosen for ease in reading. 12-point or larger is recommended for readability. A serif font is recommended. Examples of acceptable text fonts include Book Antiqua, Century Schoolbook, Courier, Garamond, and Times New Roman. Times New Roman, being preferred. (Common sans serif fonts are Arial and Helvetica) Other styles need to be presented to the College of Graduate Studies for approval; script styles are not acceptable.
Spacing: All textual materials should be double-spaced; long quotations (usually forty words or more) and footnotes may be single-spaced.
Margins: It is important that all pages have a margin of one inch (1") at the top except the first page of each chapter which should have a two inch (2") margin at the top. See the Sample First Page of Chapter page on page 31. The margins of all other pages should be as follows:
Bottom margin 1”
Right margin 1”
Left margin 1 ½”
These margins are important in order to allow space for binding and trimming of the final volume. Please note that holes or other perforations will not be permitted in any of the margins.
Title: Please do not use all capital letters for your title. Portions of all CAPS in the title are appropriate for acronyms, proper nouns, first letter, etc. Whenever possible, use full
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proper names of people, organisms, places, etc. Try to special out abbreviations for specialized vocabulary, and use word substitutes for formulas, symbols, superscripts, subscripts, Greek characters, etc. Be sure to include all appropriate accents and diacritical marks.
Page Numbering: All pages must be present and numbered in the proper sequence. Do not use periods, brackets, hyphens, etc. before or after page numbers. The title page is page one (i) of the document; however, the page number is not printed on this page. If a copyright page is included in your document, it should immediately follow the title page. It will be page two (ii) of your document. However, the page number is not printed on this page. Other preliminary pages such as acknowledgments, table of contents, etc., should be numbered separately using lower case Roman numerals (ii, iii, iv, v, etc.). The preliminary pages begin the numbering at page ii or iii (depending on whether or not a copyright page is included). For engineering students this may begin at page iv due to the college required signature page. The lower case Roman numerals on all pages of the preliminary material (other than the title page and copyright page) are placed in the center of the page and spaced ¾ ” from the bottom edge. The first page of each chapter should be numbered at the center of the page ¾ ” from the bottom edge. Arabic numerals are to be used. The first page of the first chapter will be numbered page one (1) with an Arabic numeral. All other pages of the document’s body including plates, blueprints, appendices and bibliography references must be numbered consecutively with Arabic numerals (1, 2, 3, etc.—please use the same font style as your text). The page numbers should be placed either in the top center or top right side of the page and spaced at least ¾” from the edge of the page , or it will also be acceptable to print all page numbers centered at ¾ ” from the bottom edge of the page.
Additional Information: For more detailed information, refer to the style manual(s) appropriate for your discipline. Manuals of style are available in Carlson Library and the Bookstore. It is also recommended that you examine a few of the recent dissertations, theses, and projects from your department before proceeding.
An acceptable copy of a project, thesis or dissertation must be legible, appropriately
formatted, written in good quality English grammar, printed on one side only (no double-sided
copies will be accepted), and in suitable condition for binding. The College of Graduate
Studies reserves the right to require the author to make appropriate changes and to refuse
any document that is not suitable for binding.
Organization of Document
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The document will normally consist of the following sections, which should be arranged
in the sequence indicated below. Different style manuals and departments will have slightly
differing requirements as to document order. These differing requirements normally will be
accepted; however, when they differ from the list below, please include a short note with your
submitted document indicating the source and reason for deviation.
1. Title page*
2. Copyright page* (optional)
3. Abstract* (As appropriate - all dissertations require an abstract. Authors of
master’s theses and projects should check with their respective department or
college for requirements.)
4. Dedication page* (optional)
5. Acknowledgments* (optional)
6. Table of Contents*
7. List of Tables* (generally required if more than three tables)
8. List of Figures* (generally required if more than three figures)
9. Preface (optional)*
10. Document text (body of thesis, project, or dissertation)
11. Bibliography or References
12. Appendices (if necessary)
* The above pages which are followed by an asterisk are referred to as preliminary pages.
Title Page
All documents must have a title page and must be signed by the advisor or committee
chairperson and the College of Graduate Studies. The signatures certify the final approval of
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your document. Please note that a special title page format is required by the Judith Herb
College of Education and the College of Health Science and Human Service. The College of
Engineering requires a signature page in addition to the title page. Sample pages for the Judith
Herb College of Education and the College of Health Science and Human Service as well as the
College of Engineering signature pages are included in the appendices of this document.
• Provide signature lines for the advisor and the College of Graduate Studies.
• Make sure the advisor's name is typed under the signature line. Similarly, the College
of Graduate Studies should be typed under the appropriate signature line.
• Title pages may include names and signatures of other committee members. These
should have signature lines and typed names as with the advisor and the College of
Graduate Studies.
• The title page text should be double-spaced. Single spacing is allowed for the title
and the section which begins “Submitted as partial . . .” if needed to accommodate
more than two signature lines (see the Sample Judith Herb College of Education Title
Page—Required Format as an example of this).
• The date at the bottom of the title page should be only the month and year (Example:
December 1999) that the degree will be awarded. Please do not use commas,
brackets, etc.
• In addition to the title page with signatures, a title page with only typed names (no
signatures) must be submitted with all dissertations.
Abstracts
The abstract should contain a concise statement of the problem, procedure or methods
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utilized, results obtained and a short conclusion. It should be double spaced and the format
shown in the sample page of the appendices should be used.
• The abstract page should show only the month and year in which the degree will be
awarded, match the date on the title page, and be formatted similarly to the title page.
• All Doctoral dissertations require an abstract. There is no longer a word limit on your
abstract, however, as ProQuest/UMI will continue to publish print indices and these
require word limits of 350 words for dissertations, your abstract will be truncated if it
exceeds this word limit. Please see the additional guidelines for preparing your
abstract available in the Proquest/UMI “Publishing Your Dissertation” booklet
available on the College of Graduate Studies Web-site.
• Theses and projects in the Judith Herb College of Education typically require an
abstract.
• Abstract requirements for theses and projects in other colleges and departments vary.
Generally, an abstract of not more than 150 words should accompany the manuscript.
If unsure about whether an abstract should be part of your document, be certain to check with
your advisor.
Charts, Graphs, Tables, Photographs, and Maps
Please note the following guidelines for using illustrative material in your manuscript:
• Illustrative material drawn or computer-generated in black will reproduce
satisfactorily whereas colors will appear as slightly varying shades of gray.
• Lines on a graph should be identified by labels or symbols rather than colors.
• Shaded areas, such as countries on a map, will have better contrast if cross-hatching
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is used instead of color.
• Photographs should be professional-quality black and white.
• Appropriate permission letters must be included for any copyrighted materials in the
document that exceed “fair use.”
• Charts, graphs, and maps that are larger than the standard 8 ½” x 11” page size may
be used in your manuscript. These items may be included in a pocket at the end of
the document.
Electronic Submission
An ETD (electronic thesis or dissertation) is an electronic document that explains the
research of a graduate student. In general, it is the same product as a paper thesis or dissertation,
simply in electronic form. The ETD is different, however, as it provides a technologically
advanced medium for expressing your ideas. Due to the numerous benefits of an electronic
thesis or dissertation (ETD), the College of Graduate Studies at the University of Toledo
strongly encourages all students to use this medium for expressing your ideas.
Steps for ETD Submission
• Complete your paper and secure approval from committee.
• Convert your paper to a PDF file. If you need assistance converting your document
to a PDF, please contact Wade Lee in the library at 419.530.4490.
• Submit your paper to the OhioLINK ETD Center.
• Deliver one hard copy of the paper (with original signed title page) to the College of
Graduate Studies. This copy is sent to the Library for binding and processing for the
University Archives. Please be sure your hard copy meets the requirements outlined
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in this document.
Additional information and a submission tutorial are available on the library website. It
is strongly recommended that you review the information available on this site before you begin
writing your document.
Number of Copies
The number of copies (unbound) indicated below must be submitted to the College of
Graduate Studies, unless filing electronically.
• Master's Project - 2 originals (Note: College of Engineering Master’s Projects should
be submitted directly to the department)
• Master's Thesis – 2 originals
• Doctoral Dissertation – 2 originals and 1 copy
Paper Specifications
The paper requirement for both the original and all copies submitted to the College of
Graduate Studies is white, at least twenty-four (24) pound, acid-free, 8 ½” x 11” paper. The
paper must be of good quality; a texture or quality feel to the paper must be present. Please do
not use erasable papers. There are many brands of paper that meet these specifications. The UT
Print Shop, copy shops, and most office supply stores can supply such paper if told the
specifications above. To insure the highest print contrast and quality, the document should be
printed on a laser printer.
For LaTeX Users
To facilitate uniform graduate documents, a “thesis document” style file has been written
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for students who use the LaTeX system of document preparation. This file satisfies all
University of Toledo College of Graduate Studies requirements for dissertations, projects, and
theses as set forth in this handbook. LaTeX users are encouraged to use this style file. Note that
this file is not relevant for students who use Microsoft Word.
The LaTeX “thesis document” style file automatically generates the exact title page,
abstract page, table of contents, list of figures, and list of tables (if necessary) required by the
Graduate College. In addition to a number of other features, this style file can also generate
three optional pages: an acknowledgment page, a dedication page, and an epigraph page. The
page numeration and margin specifications of the required (and optional) preliminary pages and
those of the document’s text also are automatically generated to conform to the Graduate College
requirements.
A copy of the style file and supporting documents can be obtained by contacting Regina
Stambaugh in the Department of Economics 419.530.5156 or [email protected].
Submission Deadlines and Requirements
Projects, theses and dissertations must be submitted in paper and electronic format to the
College of Graduate Studies by noon on the last day of classes for the term. (The Intellectual
Protection and Patent Sign-Off Form must also be submitted at this time.) College offices may
have submission deadlines prior to the graduate college deadline as well. For example, the
Judith Herb College of Education requires all theses, projects, and dissertations be submitted to
the associate dean at least four weeks prior to the submission deadline of the College of Graduate
Studies. Please check with your college office in order to allow sufficient time for processing.
To protect your documents while they are being processed at the College of Graduate
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Studies, please submit your documents in a strong, heavy manila envelope(s) or in a similarly
sturdy box(es) that allows little room for movement of your unbound documents. Do not secure
document with binder clips. The College of Graduate Studies will examine your document to
ensure that standards of form, written quality, and organization are met. You will be notified via
email if changes or corrections need to be made. Once the document is approved and the degree
has been awarded, the College of Graduate Studies will forward two copies of all documents
(one copy for those submitting electronically) to the Library for binding. The University Library
keeps two copies of all dissertations, theses, and projects from UT graduates: one can be checked
out, and the other is permanently stored in the archives. Students wishing to retain extra copies
of their document should retain these copies and submit only the additional cover sheets (with
original signature) to the College of Graduate Studies for signature by the Graduate Dean. A
maximum of five cover pages will be signed.
Dissertation Microfilming Requirement
The University of Toledo, as part of its obligation to disseminate research results,
requires all Ph.D. dissertations be microfilmed. In order to satisfy this requirement, one copy of
the dissertation will be sent to Proquest/UMI Dissertation Publishing and will be returned to the
student by the College of Graduate Studies. UMI Dissertation Publishing will prepare a master
negative microfilm of the manuscript, store the negative in their film vault, create a digital
version of the text in Adobe PDF, and mount it on their website, ProQuest Digital Dissertations.
Finally, Proquest/UMI will publish the citation and abstract in the appropriate paper and online
sources. For students submitting electronically, the OhioLINK ETD Center will submit your
dissertation to UMI. The cost for microfilming is the obligation of the author. The current
charge for microfilming can be obtained by contacting the College of Graduate Studies. You
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may also wish to register the copyright for your dissertation (See section below on Copyrighting
Your Document). If your document is being copyrighted, a copyright page should be included in
the document.
In order for the dissertation to be microfilmed, the author must certify that any
copyrighted materials used in the document that exceed "fair use", is with the written permission
of the owner(s). Copies of permission letters must be submitted with the Pro Quest/UMI
Dissertation Agreement Form. If permissions are not supplied, copyrighted materials will not be
reproduced. For assistance and for a sample permission letter, please refer to the ProQuest/UMI
“Publishing Your Doctoral Dissertation” booklet.
Copyrighting Your Document
Your document is automatically copyrighted once it is in a tangible form. While this
automatic copyright is expected to be understood and honored by readers, one may wish to
include a copyright page (after the title page and before the abstract) as part of one’s document
to ensure copyright protection. This action does not, however, serve to register one’s copyright;
registration of copyright is a formal process which takes place through the U.S. Copyright
Office. “Registration of copyright provides a public record and is usually a prerequisite for any
legal action” (p. 299), of the 2001 Publication Manual of the American Psychological
Association (6th ed.).
Registering the copyright to your project, thesis, or dissertation is optional. Registering
the copyright for one’s dissertation can be arranged through ProQuest/UMI for an additional
charge.
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Personal Copies
Arrangements for bound, personal copies of one’s dissertation, thesis, or project can be
made with Rocket Copy located on the second floor of the Student Union, call 419.530.4606.
Copies of dissertations can also be ordered through Proquest/UMI.
Information in this document was taken in part from:
ProQuest/UMI’s “Publishing Your Doctoral Dissertation with UMI Dissertation Publishing”
http://gradschool.utoledo.edu/pdfs/ProQuest%20UMI%20Dissertation%20Publishing%20Agree
ment.pdf
Virginia Tech's ETD Web Site - http://etd.vt.edu/
University of Cincinnati’s ETD Web Site – http://www.etd.uc.edu/ETDCenter.aspx
University of Toledo Libraries’ Web Site - http://www.cl.utoledo.edu/serv/etd.html
Other Useful Web-Sites:
University of Toledo, College of Graduate Studies - http://gradschool.utoledo.edu/
OhioLINK ETD Center - http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/
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Appendix A
Examples of
Title and Signature Pages
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Sample Dissertation Title Page
A Dissertation
Entitled
Your Title
By
Student Name
Submitted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for
the Doctor of Philosophy in ….
Advisor: Your advisor’s name
College of Graduate Studies
The University of Toledo
Month & Year degree being awarded
NOTE: The title page is page (i) of the document; however, the page number is not printed on this page.
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Sample Project Title Page
A Project
Entitled
Your Title
By
Student Name
Submitted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for
The Master of ……….
Advisor: Your advisor’s name
College of Graduate Studies
The University of Toledo
Month & Year degree being awarded
NOTE: The title page is page (i) of the document; however, the page number is not printed on this page.
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Sample Thesis Title Page
A Thesis
Entitled
Your Title
By
Student Name
Submitted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for
The Master of ……….
Advisor: Your advisor’s name
College of Graduate Studies
The University of Toledo
Month & Year degree being awarded
NOTE: The title page is page (i) of the document; however, the page number is not printed on this page.
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Sample Judith Herb College of Education Project/Thesis Title Page—Required Format
A Project or Thesis
Entitled
Your title
By
Student Name
Submitted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for The Master of Education in ….
Advisor: Your advisor’s name Type Name of Committee Member Type Name of Committee Member (if thesis) Judith Herb College of Education College of Graduate Studies
The University of Toledo
Month & Year degree being awarded
NOTE: The title page is page (i) of the document; however, the page number is not printed on this page.
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Sample Judith Herb College of Education Dissertation Title Page—Required Format
A Dissertation
Entitled
Professional Commitment as a Factor
In Institutional Loyalty
by
Student Name
Submitted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for The Doctor of Philosophy Degree in…
Advisor: Your Advisor’s name here Type Name of Committee Member ________________________________________________ Type Name of Committee Member ________________________________________________ Type Name of Committee Member Judith Herb College of Education College of Graduate Studies
The University of Toledo
Month and Year degree is awarded NOTE: The title page is page (i) of the document; however, the page number is not printed on this page.
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Sample Title Page for HSHS project or thesis
A Project or Thesis
Entitled
How to Write a Thesis for the College of Health Science and Human Service at
The University of Toledo in Ten Easy Lessons
By
Excellent Student
Submitted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for The Master of Science degree in
Exercise Science
___________________________________ Advisor: Your Advisor’s name
___________________________________ Type Name of Committee Member
___________________________________
Type Name of Committee Member
___________________________________ College of Health Science and Human Service
___________________________________ College of Graduate Studies
The University of Toledo
Month and Year degree is awarded
NOTE: The title page is page (i) of the document; however, the page number is not printed on this page.
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Sample Dissertation Title Page for HSHS
A Dissertation
Entitled
How to Write a Dissertation in Ten Easy Lessons
By
Excellent Student
Submitted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for
The Doctor of Philosophy degree in
Counselor Education
___________________________________
Advisor: Your Advisor’s name
___________________________________ Type Name of Committee Member
___________________________________ Type Name of Committee Member
___________________________________ Type Name of Committee Member
___________________________________ College of Health Science & Human Service
___________________________________ College of Graduate Studies
The University of Toledo
Month and Year Degree is Awarded
NOTE: The title page is page (i) of the document; however, the page number is not printed on this page.
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Sample College of Engineering Project Signature Page—Required Format The University of Toledo
College of Engineering
I HEREBY RECOMMEND THAT THE PROJECT PREPARED UNDER MY SUPERVISION BY Insert Your Name ENTITLED Project Title BE ACCEPTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF Master of Science in Discipline Engineering ______________________________________________________________
Project Advisor: Advisor’s Name
Recommendation concurred by ___________________________________________ _____________________ Department Chairman Date ______________________________________________________ Dean, College of Engineering NOTE: This is considered page ii; however, the page number is not printed on this page.
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Sample College of Engineering Thesis Signature Page—Required Format The University of Toledo
College of Engineering
I HEREBY RECOMMEND THAT THE THESIS PREPARED UNDER MY
SUPERVISION BY Insert Your Name
ENTITLED Title of Thesis BE ACCEPTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF Master of Science in Discipline Engineering ______________________________________________________________
Thesis Advisor: Advisor’s Name
Recommendation concurred by ___________________________________________ Committee member 2 ___________________________________________ Committee member 3 ___________________________________________________________________ Dean, College of Engineering NOTE: This is considered page ii; however, the page number is not printed on this page.
Committee
On
Final Examination
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Sample College of Engineering Dissertation Signature Page—Required Format
The University of Toledo
College of Engineering
I HEREBY RECOMMEND THAT THE DISSERTATION PREPARED UNDER MY SUPERVISION BY Insert Your Name ENTITLED Title of Dissertation BE ACCEPTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN ENGINEERING ______________________________________________________________
Dissertation Advisor: Advisor’s Name
Recommendation concurred by ___________________________________________ Committee member 2 ___________________________________________ Committee member 3 ___________________________________________ Committee member 4 ___________________________________________ Committee member 5 ___________________________________________________________________ Dean, College of Engineering NOTE: This is considered page ii; however, the page number is not printed on this page.
Committee
On
Final Examination
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Appendix B
Examples of
Abstract Page,
Copyright Page,
Table of Contents Page,
Chapter First Page
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Sample Abstract Page
An Abstract of
Your Title
Your Name
Submitted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for
The Master of ……..
The University of Toledo
Month & Year degree being awarded*
The text of one’s abstract should begin in this relative position on the same page as the above
heading. Dissertations must have an abstract. As noted earlier, abstract requirements for
master’s theses and projects vary by college and department. Please check with your advisor if
you have any questions about whether or not an abstract is required for your document.
*The date on your abstract should match and be formatted similarly as the date on the
title page. Use the month and year in which your degree will be awarded; not the date you did
your defense. Do not use commas.
NOTE: Preliminary pages should be numbers separately using lower case Roman numerals (ii, iii, iv, v, etc.) The
preliminary pages begin the numbering at page ii or iii (depending on whether or not a copyright page is included).
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Sample Copyright Page
Copyright © 2006
This document is copyrighted material. Under copyright law, no parts of this document
may be reproduced without the expressed permission of the author.
__________________________________
Note: The copyright page should be considered page (ii) but will not have a page number printed on it.
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Sample Table of Contents Page
Table of Contents
Abstract ii
Acknowledgments iii
Table of Contents iv
*Note that all preliminary pages (dedication, etc.) other than title page and copyright page are included in the table of contents. See section Organization of Document
List of Figures v
List of Tables vi
I. Title of Chapter 1 1
II. Title of Chapter 2 5
III. Title of Chapter 3 10
IV. Title of Chapter 4 15
First Subheading of Chapter 4 21
Second Subheading of Chapter 4 30
V. Title of Chapter 5 35
VI. References (Bibliography) 40
VII. Appendix title 45
iv
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Sample Chapter First Page
Chapter One
Title of Chapter One
Text begins here.
Margin: Note that the chapter title begins at least two inches down from the top of the
page. The text should begin at one inch from the top of the page on all other chapter pages.
Page numbering: Note that the page number should be an Arabic numeral at the bottom
center of the first page of each chapter. On all other pages of each chapter (including
illustrations, tables, etc.), the page number will be at the top center or top right of the page. It is
also acceptable to print all page numbers centered at ¾ ” from the bottom of the page. This
difference is easily accomplished with most word processing software; check the User’s Manual
provided with your software.
NOTE: The first page of the first chapter will be numbered page one (1) with an Arabic numeral.
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