handbook- climate change, disaster risk management and adaptation (bangla)

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Rjevqy cwieZ©b (Climate Change) ‡Kvb RvqMvi Mo Rjevqyi `xN©‡gqv`x I A_©c~Y© cwieZ©b‡K Rjevqy cwieZ©b ejv nq| Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi d‡j c„w_exi evqygÛ‡ji ZvcgvÎv, evqyPvc, evZvm BZ¨vw` m~P‡Ki cwieZ©b nq I cieZ©x‡Z c„w_exc„‡ô Zvi cÖfve N‡U| Aek¨ Rjevqy cwieZ©b ej‡Z B`vwbs mg‡qi gvbweK Kvh©μ‡gi Kvi‡Y Rjevqyi †h cwieZ©b N‡U, Zv‡KB Rjevqy cwieZ©b ejv nq|

Rjevqy Awf‡hvRb (Climate Change Adaptation) Rjevqy cwieZ©bkxjZv I cwieZ©b †nZz (ev AbywgZ) ÿqÿwZ wKsev Su~wK I wecbœZv jvN‡ei cÖwμqv, ÿqÿwZ †gvKv‡ejvi Rb¨ mÿgZv m„wói cÖwμqv Ges D™¢zZ cwiw¯’wZi my‡hvM wb‡q M„wnZ Kvh©vejx‡K Awf‡hvRb nq|

Rjevqy cÖkgb (Climate Change Mitigation)‡h c×wZ‡Z ev cÖwμqvq Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi KviY Z_v MÖxYnvDR M¨vm wbM©gY n«vm Kiv nq, †mB c×wZ ev cÖwμqv‡K Rjevqy cÖkgb ejv nq|

abx wek¦ (Annex 1 Parties)wk‡ívbœZ †`kmg~n hviv Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi Rb¨ `vqx, Zv‡ì‡K abx wek¦ ejv nq| BDGbGdwmwmwmÕi fvlvq G‡ì‡K A¨v‡b· Iqvb cvwU©R ejv nq| hy³ivóª, hy³ivR¨, Rvcvb I BD‡ivcxq BDwbqbfz³ †`k¸‡jv n‡jv A¨v‡b· Iqvb cvwU©R|


cwifvlv cwiwPwZ3Annex 1 Parties

BCCSAPCDMP

COPCRACPP

CPPIBCSO

CSDDWSDAE

DDMCDER

DMBDMC

DMICDMIN

DNADoEDoFDoLDRREWSFAO

FFWCGoBHFA

HRRPICT

LACCLDRRFMDTFM & EMoEFMoFL

MoFDMMoUNGOPCVARRAPSOD

UDMCUNFCCCUZDMCWCDRR

Rich Countries (USA, Canada, UK, Japan and EU CountriesBangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action PlanComprehensive Disaster Management ProgrammeConference of PartiesCommunity Risk AssessmentCyclone Preparedness ProgrammeCyclone Preparedness Programme Implementation BoardCivil Society OrganisationCommittee for Speedy Dissemination of Disaster Related Warning / SignalsDepartment of Agricultural ExtensionDistrict Disaster Management CommitteeDisaster Emergency ResponseDisaster Management BureauDisaster Management CommitteeDisaster Management Information CentreDisaster Management Information NetworkDisaster Needs AssessmentDepartment of EnvironmentDepartment of FishariesDepartment of LivestockDirectorate of Relief and Rehabilitation Disaster Risk ReductionEarly Warning SystemFood and Agricultural OrganisationFlood Forecasting and Warning SystemGovernment of BangladeshHyogo Framework of ActionHousehold Risk Reduction ProgrammeInformation Communication TechnologyLivelihood Adaptation to Climate ChangeLocal Disaster Risk Reduction FundMulti-Donor Trust FundMonitoring and EvaluationMinistry of Environment and ForestryMinistry of Fisharies and LivestockMinistry of Food and Disaster ManagementMemorandum of UnderstandingNon-Government OrganisationParticipatory Community Based Vulnarability AssessmentRisk Reduction Action PlanStanding Order on DisasterUnion Disaster Management CommitteeUnited Nations Framework Convention on Climate ChangeUpazilla Disaster Management CommitteeWorld Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction

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1.1.3 AvenvIqv I Rjevqyi g‡a¨ cv_©KÄvenvIqv I Rjevqyi msÁv †_‡K Avgiv Rvb‡Z cvijvg, AvenvIqv n‡jv ¯^ímg‡qi evqygÛjxq Ae¯’v, Ab¨w`‡K Rjevqy n‡j `xN©mg‡qi evqygÛjxq Ae¯’v| AvenvIqv wba©vwiZ nq GKwU wbwÏ©ó ¯’v‡bi Rb¨, Ab¨w`‡K Rjevqy wba©vwiZ nq GKwU e„nr GjvKvi Rb¨| AvenvIqv I Rjevqy ywUiB cwieZ©b N‡U, Z‡e AvenvIhvi cwieZ©b cwieZ©b Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi Dci wbf©ikxj| AvenvIqv cwieZ©b `ªæZ N‡U I djvdj cwijwÿZ nq (‡hgb evsjv‡`‡ki 6 FZzi êwkô¨), Ab¨w`‡K Rjevqy cwieZ©b Lye axiMwZ‡Z ev AwZ my²fv‡e N‡U, djvdj cÖvq AcwieZ©bxq _v‡K ev ZviZg¨ Lye GKUv cwijwÿZ nq bv|

1.2 Rjevqy cwieZ©bMZ `k nvRvi eQi ‰ewk¦K Rjevqy †gvUvgywU w¯’wZkxj wQj Ges Avgiv RvbZvg eQ‡ii †Kvb mg‡q †Kvb ai‡Yi AvenvIqv weivR

1.1 AvenvIqv I RjevqyAvgiv mevB Rvwb, Rjevqy I AvenvIqv ci¯úi m¤úwK©Z GKwU welq| Z‡e Rjevqy I AvenvIqvi g‡a¨ wKQz mv`„k¨ I êmv`„k¨ Av‡Q| GB mv`„k¨ I êmv`„k¨¸‡jv‡K Rvb‡Z I eyS‡Z Avgiv cÖ_‡g AvenvIqv I Rjevqyi msÁvq wK ejv n‡q‡Q, †mw`‡K GKevi bRi †è|

1.1.1 AvenvIqvAvgv‡ì Rxe‡bi mKj †ÿ‡ÎB AvenvIqvi cÖfve Av‡Q| D`vniY¯îƒc, Avgv‡ì Rxeb RxweKv wbf©i K‡i e„wócvZ, ZvcgvÎv, evZv‡mi Pvc I Av`ª©Zvi Dci| †hgb, MÖx¯§Kv‡ji AvenvIqvq ZvcgvÎv _v‡K cÖLi, evZv‡mi Av`ª©Zv _v‡K ï¯‹ I Mig| Ab¨w`‡K el©vKv‡j ¸wo ¸wo e„wó nq, Avevi cÖej el©‡Y Nievwo, gvV-cÖvšÍi eb¨vq †f‡m hvq, Ab¨w`‡K kxZKv‡ji AvenvIqvq Avgv‡ì‡K kxZvZ© K‡i †Zv‡j, ‡gvUv Kvco †Pvco c‡o kixi‡K Mig ivL‡Z nq| A_©vr Avgiv G‡KK mgq G‡KK iKg AvenvIqv cvB| GB Ae¯’v ‡Kb N‡U? GB cÖ‡kœi DËi Luy‡R †`Lvi Av‡M Avgiv †R‡b wbB, AvenvIqv ej‡Z wK †evSvq|

AvenvIqvi msÁvq ejv n‡q‡Q, AvenvIqv n‡jv †Kv‡bv ¯’v‡bi ¯^ímg‡qi evqygÛjxq Ae¯’v (evqy cÖevn, Zvc, Pvc, e„wócvZ, Av`©ªZv)| mvaviYZt GKw`‡bi Ggb ‡iKW©‡KB AvenvIqv e‡j| Avevi KL‡bv KL‡bv †Kv‡bv wbwÏ©ó GjvKvi ¯^í mg‡qi evqy gÛjxq Ae¯’v‡KI AvenvIqv ejv nq|

AvenvIqvi msÁv †_‡K Avgiv Rvb‡Z cviwQ, †Kvb ¯’v‡bi evqygÛjxq Ae¯’v †hgb evqy cÖevn, Zvc, Pvc, e„wócvZ, Av`ª©Zvi ¯^ímg‡qi ‡iKW©‡K AvenvIqv ejv nq; A_©vr †Kvb ¯’v‡bi ZvcgvÎvi hLb †ewk _v‡K, ZLb evZv‡mi Av`ª©Zv ï®‹ n‡q hvq, ZvB Mig jv‡M; hLb ZvcgvÎv Kg _v‡K, ZLb evZv‡mi Av`ª©Zv AwZwi³ †fRv _v‡K, ZvB kxZ jv‡M, Avevi MigKv‡j e„wó n‡j ZvcgvÎv evZv‡mi Av`ª©Zvi ï®‹ZvI n«vm cvq, ZvB MigI wKQzUv n«vm cvq| A_©vr ZvcgvÎvi ¯^ímg‡q cwieZ©‡bi d‡j AvenvIqviI cwieZ©b N‡U|

1.1.2 RjevqyAvgiv ¯’vbxq ch©v‡q †h AvenvIqvi mv‡_ cwiwPZ Zv mgMÖ c„w_exi Rjevqy eë¯’vi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z| mg¯Í c„w_exi Rjevqy cwieZ©b †mŠiRM‡Zi GKwU RwVj cÖwμqv hvi mv‡_ A‡bK wKQzi m¤úK© ev †hvMmvRm Av‡Q, †hgb mvMi-gnvmvMi, cvnvo-ce©Z, gnv‡`kxq f~cÖK…wZ, †giæ AÂj BZ¨vw`| †h‡nZz Avgiv êwk¦K Rjevqy eë¯’vi Awe‡”Q`¨ Ask †m‡nZz Rjevqy cwieZ©b gv‡bB ¯’vbxq AvenvIqvi cwieZ©b| Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi d‡j †h‡nZz AvenvIqvi cwieZ©b N‡U, ZvB Avgiv GLb ‡R‡b wbB, Rjevqy Kv‡K e‡j?

Rjevqyi msÁvq ejv n‡q‡Q, Rjevqy ej‡Z wbwÏ©ó ¯’v‡bi `xN© mg‡qi, mvavibZt 20-30 eQ‡ii AvenvIqvi wewfbœ Ae¯’v (evqygÛjxq Ae¯’v) Gi MocoZv wnmve‡K †evSv‡bv nq| mnRfv‡e ej‡j Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi, 20-30 eQ‡ii AvenvIqvi Mo‡K Rjevqy e‡j| Rjevqy mvavibZt e„nr GjvKvi Rb¨ wbY©xZ n‡q _v‡K|

“Climate is what we expect and Weather is what we get”Òhv Avgiv cÖZ¨vkv Kwi Zv n‡jv Rjevqy Ges Avgiv hv cvB †mUv n‡jv AvenvIqvÓ


cÖ_g Aa¨vqRjevqy cwieZ©b I Awf‡hvRb

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Ki‡e| wKQz e¨wZμg Qvov GB fv‡eB P‡j AvmwQj eQ‡ii ci eQi hv Abygvb Kiv †hZ Ges hv wQ‡jv †gvUvgywU w¯’wZkxj| GB ai‡Yi cwiw¯’wZ we‡ePbvq Avgiv Avgv‡ì mviv eQ‡ii Rxeb RxweKvi w`bcwÄ ˆZix KiZvg Ges AvenvIqvi Dci wbf©i K‡iB Avgiv Avgv‡ì †ckvMZ Kv‡Ri cwiKíbv KiZvg| GB cwiw¯’wZ wbix‡ÿ Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi msÁvI wbiƒcb Kiv n‡q‡Q| Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi msÁvq ejv n‡q‡Q, Ò‡Kvb RvqMvi Mo Rjevqyi `xN©‡gqv`x I A_©c~Y© cwieZ©b‡K Rjevqy cwieZ©b ejv nq|Ó

wKš‘ mv¤úªwZK mg‡q gvby‡li ˆZix wewfbœ iKg Kg©Kv‡Ûi dj †hgb KjKviLvbvi †auvqv, hvbevn‡bi †Zj I M¨v‡mi †auvqv, MvQ †K‡U †djv BZ¨vw` wek¦‡K μgvMZ Dò K‡i Zzj‡Q Ges Rjevqyi A_©c~Y© cwieZ©b‡K A¯^vfvweK cwieZ©‡bi w`‡K GwM‡q wb‡”Q| ‰ewk¦K DòZv e„w× gv‡b evqygÛ‡ji ZvcgvÎv μgvMZ e„w× cvIqv| Avi GB NUbvwU ªæZ NU‡Q| G Kvi‡Y eZ©gvb mg‡q, eZ©gvbKv‡j, mvgvwRK I ivR‰bwZK `„wó‡KvY †_‡K, Rjevqy cwieZ©b ej‡j mviv c„w_exi B`vwbs mg‡qi gvbweK Kvh©μ‡gi Kvi‡Y Rjevqy cwieZ©b‡K †evSvq| A_©vr gvby‡li Kg©KvÛRwbZ Kvi‡Y Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi d‡j c„w_exi evqygÛ‡ji ZvcgvÎv, evqyPvc, evZvm BZ¨vw` m~P‡Ki cwieZ©b nq I cieZ©x‡Z c„w_exc„‡ô Zvi cÖfve N‡U|

Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi mvgvwRK I ivR‰bwZK „wófw½i msÁv †_‡K Avgiv Rvb‡Z cvijvg, Rjevqy cwieZ©b ej‡Z B`vwbs mg‡qi gvbweK Kvh©μ‡gi Kvi‡Y Rjevqyi †h cwieZ©b N‡U, Zv‡K Rjevqy cwieZ©b ejv nq| A_©vr gvbyl wb‡Ri Kg©KvÛ cwiPvjbvi gva¨‡g cÖwZwbqZ GKUz GKUz K‡i AvenvIqv‡K KjywlZ Ki‡Q, A_©vr AvenvIqv cwieZ©‡bi djvdj‡K cÖfvweZ Ki‡Q| hvi d‡j RjevqyI cÖfvweZ n‡”Q| Gi d‡j Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi djvdj AwZmy², cÖvq AcwieZ©bxq I †Zgbfv‡e cwijwÿZ nq bv, wee„wZwU wg_¨v n‡q hv‡”Q|

eZ©gv‡b AvenvIqv I Rjevqy weÁvbxiv Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi djvdj cwieZ©bkxj I cwijwÿZ nevi welq, Ggb Z_¨ DcvË M‡elYv †_‡K †c‡q‡Qb| ‡hgb, Rjevqy weÁvbx‡ì g‡Z, c„w_ex‡K gvby‡li emevm Kivi Dc‡hvwM ivL‡Z n‡j 20-30 eQ‡i fzc„‡ôi Mo ZvcgvÎv n«vm ev e„w× 1 wWMÖx ‡mjwmqvm Gi g‡a¨ _vKv cÖ‡qvRb| wKš‘ we‡klÁMY ej‡Qb, 1990 †_‡K 2100 mv‡ji g‡a¨ we‡k¦i ZvcgvÎv 1.1 wWMÖx †mjwmqvm †_‡K 6.4 wWMÖx †mjwmqvm ch©šÍ e„w× cv‡e|

1.2.1 Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi KviYcÖvK…wZK wbqvgK I gvbweK Kg©Kv‡Ûi d‡j mvavibZ Rjevqyi cwieZ©b N‡U| cÖvK…wZK wbqvgK g~jZt cÖvK…wZK wbq‡g Rjevqy cwieZ©b‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i, Ab¨w`‡K evqygÛ‡j cÖvK-wkívqb hyM †_‡K wkívqb Kg©Kv‡Ûi d‡j wbM©Z MªxYnvDR M¨vm (wRGBPwR) I A¨v‡ivm‡ji NbZ¡ e„w×‡K Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi gvbweK Kg©KvÛ wnmv‡e cwiMwYZ Kiv n‡”Q| MÖxYnvDR M¨vm wnmv‡e Kve©b WvB A·vBW, wg‡_b, bvBUªvm A·vBW I I‡Rvb‡K we‡ePbv Kiv nq|

Ò g~jZt Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi cÖavb KviY n‡”Q MÖxYnvDR M¨vm (wRGBPwR) wbM©gb| DbœZ ivóª¸‡jv MZ yBÕk eQi a‡i G M¨vm Drcv`b Ki‡Q| Zv‡ì A_©‰bwZK Dbœq‡bi †cQ‡b †h cwi‡ekMZ ÿwZ n‡q‡Q, †h Kve©b WvB A·vBW, wg‡_b Drcbœ n‡q‡Q, †mUv evqygÛ‡j AvU‡K †M‡Q| hy³ivóª, KvbvWv, hy³ivR¨, BD‡ivc, A‡÷ªwjqv, Rvcv‡bi g‡Zv ‡`k¸‡jvi `yBÕk eQ‡ii `vn‡bi d‡j êwk¦K Rjevqyi cwieZ©b n‡”Q|Ó

AvBwcwmwm, 2001 Gi wi‡c©v‡U ejv n‡q‡Q, Ebwesk kZvãx‡Z DËi †giæi ZvcgvÎv e„w×i nvi MZ 1000 eQ‡ii g‡aï †h‡Kvb kZvãxi †P‡q me‡P‡q †ewkgvÎvq wQj| cwimsL¨v‡b †`Lv †M‡Q, fzc„‡ôi Mo ZvcgvÎv cÖwZeQi 0.6 +Ñ0.2 wWMÖx †mjwmqvm e„w× †c‡q‡Q (MÖvd-1), we‡k¦i A‡bK RvqMvq MÖx¯§Kvj e„w× Ges wek¦e¨vwc kxZKvj n«vm †c‡q‡Q|

1.2.2 Rjevqy cwieZ©b PμB‡Zvg‡a¨ Avgiv †R‡bwQ, Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi KviY MÖxYnvDR M¨v‡mi (Kve©b WvB A·vBW, wg‡_b, bvBUªvm A·vBW, I‡Rvb BZ¨vw`) wbM©gY, A_©vr Kve©b WvB A·vBW, wg‡_b, bvBUªvm A·vBW, I‡Rvb BZ¨vw` Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi wbqvgK wnmv‡e KvR K‡i| MÖxYnvDR M¨vm n‡jv evqygÛ‡ji cÖvK…wZK Dcv`vb, hv m~h©iwk¥‡K (warmth) a‡i †i‡L c„w_exi f‚¯Íi‡K gvby‡li Rxebavi‡Yi Dc‡hvMx (15 wWMÖx †mjwmqvm) cÖvq K‡i iv‡L| GB cÖwμqv‡K MÖxYnvDR B‡d± ejv nq| ‡giæ AÂ‡ji eid L‡Ûi †iKW© cixÿv K‡i Rvbv hvq, c~‡e© Kgc‡ÿ cÖvq 10 †KvwU ev 1 wgwjqb eQi a‡i c„w_exi Rjevqy ïaygvÎ VvÛv ch©vq ev Zzlvi hyM I Mig ch©vq ev AvšÍtZzlvi hyM- GB `yB Ae¯’vq cwiμgY K‡i‡Q| eZ©gv‡b c„w_ex AvšÍtZzlvi hyM ch©v‡q i‡q‡Q| wKš‘ we‡klÁMY cixÿv K‡i †c‡q‡Qb, 1970 mvj †_‡K c„w_ex †hfv‡e DËß n‡q‡Q, †mUv ïaygvÎ cÖvK…wZK wbqvgK ev KviY w`‡q e¨vLv Kiv hvq bv| gbyl¨ Kg©KvÛ †hgb ‰Re R¡vjvbxi eënvi I j¨vÛ wK¬qvwis (land clearing) Gi d‡j MZ 200 eQ‡i evqygÛ‡j AwaK MÖxYnvDR M¨vm Rgv n‡q‡Q, hvi d‡j c„w_ex AwaK cwigv‡Y Zvc a‡i ivL‡Q (trapping more heat) Ges c„w_exi f‚¯Í‡ii ZvcgvÎv e„w× cv‡”Q|

Qwe‡Z e¨vLv Kiv n‡q‡Q t (1) m~h© †_‡K cÖwZ eM©wgUv‡i 343 IqvU ZvcgvÎvi †mŠi wewKiY evqygÛ‡j cÖ‡ek Ki‡Q; (2) MÖxYnvDR †f` K‡i c„w_ex‡Z G‡m †mŠiwewKi‡Yi cÖK…Z gvÎv n‡”Q cÖwZ eM©wgUv‡i 240 IqvU; (3) wKQz †mŠiwewKiY evqygÛ‡j I fzc„‡ô cÖwZdwjZ n‡q cÖwZ eM©wgUv‡i 103 IqvU ZvcgvÎvq gnvKv‡k wd‡i hv‡”Q; (4) cÖwZ eM©wgUv‡i 168 IqvU ZvcgvÎvq †mŠikw³i wKQz Ask fzc„&‡ô †kvwlZ n‡”Q Ges f~c„ô‡K Dßß K‡i Zzj‡Q; (5) MÖxYnvDR M¨vm¸‡jv wKQz AwZ‡e¸Yx iwk¥ ‡kvlY K‡i Ges wKQz gnvKv‡ki w`‡K cÖwZdwjZ K‡i| GB NUbvi Kvi‡YB f~c„ô I Uªv‡cvwùqvi Dßß nq; (6) cÖwZ eM©wgUv‡i 240 IqvU ZvcgvÎvq wKQz AwZ‡e¸bx iwkœ evqyÛj †f` K‡i I gnvKv‡k nvwi‡q hvq|


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Dc‡ii Qwe‡Z e¨vL¨v Kiv n‡q‡Q, m~h© †_‡K ‡mŠiwewKiY N‡U; †mŠiwewKi‡Yi wKQz Ask MÖxYnvDR M¨v‡mi ¯Íi †f` K‡i f~c„‡ô Av‡m| f~c„ô wKQz wewKiY ‡kvlY K‡i Ges wKQz Ask MÖxY nvDR M¨v‡mi ¯Í‡i cÖwZdwjZ K‡i A_©vr wdwi‡q †`q| Avevi MÖxYnvDR M¨v‡mi ¯Íi wKQz AwZ‡e¸bx iwk¥ †kvlY K‡i Ges wKQz Ask gnvKv‡k †diZ cvVvq| g~jZt MÖxYnvDR M¨v‡mi ¯Í‡i AwZ‡e¸bx iwk¥ †kvlY Kiv Ges cÖwZdwjZ Kivi NUbvB f~c„ô‡K Dßß Kivi wbqvgK wnmv‡e KvR K‡i, Rjevqy cwieZ©bI GB NUbvi Kvi‡Y N‡U _v‡K|

weÁvbx‡ì g‡Z, Rjevqyi GB cwieZ©b Lye †ewk gvÎvq NU‡j gvby‡li ˆ`bw›`b Rxebhvc‡b Gi cÖfve cÖKU n‡q D‡V, A_©vr gvby‡li ‰`bw›`b Rxebhvcb ûgwKi gy‡L c‡o| wKš‘ eZ©gv‡b †hfv‡e f~c„‡ôi ZvcgvÎv †hfv‡e e„w× cv‡”Q, Zv‡Z 2100 mv‡ji c~‡e© we‡k¦i ZvcgvÎv 1.4 wWMÖx †mjwmqvm ‡_‡K 5.8 wWMÖx †mjwmqvm ch©šÍ e„w× cv‡e|Ó A_©vr eZ©gv‡b c„w_exi ZvcgvÎv A¯^vfvweK nv‡i e„w× cv‡”Q, hvi d‡j Rjevqyi ¯^vfvweK cwieZ©b e¨vnZ n‡”Q, hvi d‡j c„w_ex‡Z gvby‡li emevm‡hvM¨Zvi cwi‡ekI webó n‡”Q|

1.3 Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi cÖfvec„w_exi ZvcgvÎv e„w× †c‡j 5wU NUbv Avewk¨Kfv‡e NU‡e| ‡hgb, (1) `wÿY †giæ, ce©‡Zi P‚ov I wngev‡n †h eid Av‡Q; Zv M‡j hv‡e| hvi d‡j DRvb †_‡K Avmv cvwbi cwigvY evo‡e Ges wewfbœ AÂ‡j Nb Nb eb¨v n‡e| 2007 mv‡j GKB eQ‡iB Avgv‡ì †`‡k `yBevi eb¨v n‡qwQ‡jv| GB fqvenZv AviI e„w× cv‡e| Avevi ce©Z I wngev‡ni eid †kl n‡q †M‡j b`x¸‡jv ïwK‡q hv‡e, d‡j †Kv‡bv cvwb cvwb cvIqv hv‡e bv| el©vKv‡j DRv‡bi cvwb dzwi‡q hvevi ci kxZKv‡j cvwbi NvUwZ †`Lv †`‡e, d‡j Liv-AvμvšÍ GjvKvi cwigvY evo‡e| (2) mgy‡`ªi DcwifvM Mig n‡q wb¤œPvc I N~wY©S‡oi msL¨v e„w× cv‡e| wb¤œPvç‡j N~wY©S‡o iƒcvšÍwiZ n‡q R‡jv”Qvm e„w× cv‡e| (3) wKQz wKQz AÂ‡j mgy‡`ªi cvwb ev®ú n‡q AwZwi³ †gN I e„wó n‡e| (4) wewfbœ AÂ‡j el©vKv‡j Zzgyj e„wó‡Z eb¨v I kxZ †gŠmy‡g Liv n‡e Ges (5) mgy‡`ªi cvwb †e‡o †M‡j †Rvqv‡ii cvwbi D”PZv evo‡e Ges R‡jv”Q¡v‡mi cwigvY †e‡o hv‡e|

‡h‡nZz êwk¦K Rjevqy wm‡÷g Dò n‡”Q †m‡nZz ¯’vbxq AvenvIqvqI cwieZ©b n‡”Q| AwaKvsk †ÿ‡Î G cwieZ©b axiMwZ m¤úbœ Ges mn‡R †evaMg¨ bq| Z‡e nq‡Zv 10 eQi ev ZviI AwaK mgq a‡i GwU Avgv‡ì bR‡i Avm‡Q| Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi d‡j evsjv‡`‡k †h cwieZ©b¸‡jv NU‡Q †m¸‡jv n‡jvt

Rjevqy cwieZ©bRwbZ Dc‡iv‡jøwLZ NUbv¸‡jvi g‡a¨ wKQz NUbv ^í‡gqv‡` I wKQz NUbv xN©‡gqv`x e¨vcK cÖfve m„wó K‡i gvby‡li Rxeb I RxweKv‡K SzuwKc~Y© I wecbœ K‡i Zzj‡e|

evsjv‡`k Rjevqy cwieZ©b †KŠkjcÎ I Kg©cwiKíbv, 2009 G wb‡¤œv³ SzuwK I wecbœZvi K_v D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Qt

evsjv‡`‡k AviI †ewk MwZi evqycÖevn I R‡jv”Q¡vmmn †cŠb‡cŠwbK I gvivZ¡K MÖx®§gÛjxq N~wY©So evo‡e, hv DcK~jxq AÂ‡ji e¨vcK ÿwZmvab Ki‡e| M½v-eª²cyÎ-‡gNbv AeevwnKvmn mviv‡`‡k AviI fvwi I AwbqwgZ e„wócvZ evo‡e| hvi d‡j b`xi cvwbcÖev‡ni D”PZv evo‡e hv †ewoeuva †f‡½ ev Dc‡P kni I MÖvgvÂ‡ji we¯ÍxY© GjvKv cøvweZ Ki‡e; b`xfvO‡bi NUbv evo‡e, d‡j wecyj cwigvY Nievwo I K…wlRwg b`xi Zj‡`‡k wejxb n‡e Ges b`xi Zj‡`‡k cwj Ae‡ÿcb evo‡e hvi gva¨‡g cvwb wb®‹vkb cÖwμqv eÜ n‡q bZzb bZzb GjvKv Rjve× n‡q hv‡e| wngvj‡qi wngevn M‡j wM‡q MigKv‡j AwZwi³ cvwbcÖev‡ni m„wó n‡q eb¨v †W‡K Avb‡e Ges cieZ©x‡Z wngevn miæ ev wejyß nevi ci DRv‡bi cvwbcÖevn n«vm cvevi Kvi‡Y b`x¸‡jv g‡i hv‡e Ges jeYv³Zv evo‡e I AwaK GjvKv †bvbvμvšÍ n‡q co‡e| Abve„wó I AwbqwgZ e„wócvZ evo‡e hv we‡klZ †`‡ki DËi cwðgvÂ‡j Liv evwo‡q †`‡e| mgy`ªc„‡ôi D”PZv evo‡e hvi d‡j DcK~jxq wb¤œf~wg Zwj‡q hv‡e, &DcK~jxq b`x I f~Mf©¯’ cvwbi ¯Íi †bvbvμvšÍ n‡q hv‡e, my‡cq cvwbi msKU m„wó n‡e, cÖvY‰ewPÎ¨ mg„× wek¦HwZn¨ my›ìe‡bi aŸskcÖwμqv evo‡e Ges †cvìv‡ii g‡a¨ Rje×Zv m„wó n‡q K…wlLv‡Z wech©q †b‡g Avm‡e| Zvc`vn I Av`ª©Zv evo‡e, d‡j e¨vwa I Rxebyevnx cZ‡½i cÖ‡Kvc e¨vcKfv‡e evo‡e|


AwZe„wó Abve„wó AwaK nv‡i ZvcgvÎv e„w×

eb¨v `xN©w`b a‡i Kyqvkv”Qbœ _vKv AkvšÍ mgy`ª, mvB‡K¬vb

D‡jøwLZ cÖwZwU cwieZ©‡bi d‡j K…wl (dmj, Mevw`cï, grm¨) Lv‡Z ¸iæZi ÿwZi m¤¢vebv i‡q‡Q| K…wlLv‡Z †`‡ki 60 kZvs‡kiI †ewk gvbyl Rxeb-RxweKvi Rb¨ cÖZ¨ÿ I c‡ivÿfv‡e K…wli Dci wbf©ikxj, Zv‡ì Rxeb I RxweKv ûgwKi gy‡L co‡e| AwaKnv‡i eb¨v, DcK~jxq AÂ‡j jeYv³Zv e„w× I Livi mv‡_ ZvcgvÎv e„w× I e„wócv‡Zi cwiewZ©Z aib hy³ n‡q dm‡ji Pvlvev` I djb Kwg‡q †`‡e| AvBwcwmwmÕi Avk¼v Abyhvqx, 2050 mvj bvMv` evsjv‡`‡k av‡bi Drcv`b 8 kZvsk I M‡gi Drcv`b 32 kZvsk n«vm cv‡e (1990 mvj‡K wfwË eQi a‡i)|

K…wl QvovI Ab¨vb¨ Lv‡Z wb‡¤œewY©Z cÖwZwμqv¸‡jv m„wó n‡et

wbivc` cvbxq R‡ji msKU e„w× cv‡e| we‡klZt †`‡ki DcK~jxq AÂj I LivcÖeY DËi-cwðgvÂ‡j evsjv‡`‡ki bvix I wkïiv mvavibZ cvwb msMÖ‡ni `vwq‡Z¡ cvjb K‡i _v‡K| Zv‡ì Dci cvwb msK‡Ui gvivZ¡K cÖfve co‡e| †ewk cwigvY †bvbvcvwb cv‡bi d‡j ¯^v¯’¨SuywKI evo‡e, Gÿ‡Î Mf©eZx bvix‡ì ¯^v¯’¨SuywK AviI †ewk cÖej n‡q DV‡e| AwaK nv‡i b`xfvOb I DcK~jxq GjvKvi jeYv³Zv e„w×i d‡j jÿ jÿ gvbyl ev¯‘Pz¨Z n‡q co‡e| Gme gvbyl Awfevm‡b eva¨ n‡q knig~Lx n‡e Ges knivÂ‡ji ew¯Í‡Z AvkÖq MÖnY Ki‡e| hw` mgy`ªc„ô eZ©gvb Abygv‡bi †P‡qI ‡ewk ùxZ nq Ges Aciw`‡K DcK~jxq †cvìvi¸‡jv AviI kw³kvjx Kiv bv nq A_ev bZzbfv‡e wbg©vY Kiv bv nq, Zvn‡j 2050 mvj bvMv` 60-80 jÿ gvbyl ev¯‘Py¨Z n‡e Ges miKvi‡K G‡ì `vwqZ¡ MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e| G cwieZ©b¸‡jvi d‡j `wi`ª‡ì Lv`¨ wbivcËv, RxweKv I ¯^v¯’¨ ûgwKi gy‡L co‡e| Pi I mgy`ªZx‡i emevmKvix Rb‡Mvôx (‡hgb †R‡j cwievi) evsjv‡`‡ki `wi`ªZg‡ì g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg| Zviv I b`xM‡f© Rwg nviv‡bv Rb‡Mvôx gvivZ¡Kfv‡e ÿwZMÖ¯’ n‡e| bvix cÖavb cwievimn mviv‡`‡ki Pig `wi`ª cwievi¸‡jv Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi KviY Pig `y‡f©v‡Mi g‡a¨ co‡e| Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi d‡j cvwbevwnZ I evqyevwnZ †iv‡Mi cÖ‡Kvc evovi Avk¼v i‡q‡Q| AwaK Zvc I †fRv AvenvIqv Ges AcÖZzj cvwb wb®‹vkb I m¨vwb‡Ukb eë¯’vq e¨vK‡Uwiqv, ciRxex I Rxevbyevnx cZ½ `ªæZ eskwe¯Ívi Ki‡Z cv‡i| Gi d‡j Pig `wi`ª I m‡e©v”P wec`vcbœ Rb‡Mvôxi ¯^v‡¯’ï AviI †ewk AebwZ NU‡e Ges Pig Amy¯’Zvi cÖ‡Kvc e„w× cv‡e|

1.3.1 axiMwZi `y‡h©vM SuywK I wec`vcbœZv Rjevqy we‡klÁMY ej‡Qb, Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi d‡j fzc„‡ôi ZvcgvÎv e„w× cv‡e, mgy`ªc„‡ôi D”PZv e„w× cv‡e, ce©Zk„‡½i eid M‡j hv‡e, ¯’vbxq e„wócv‡Z cwieZ©b Avm‡e, DcK~jxq AÂ‡j jeYv³Zv e„w× cv‡e, Rxe‰ewP‡Î¨‡i ÿwZ n‡e I cwi‡ek cÖwZ‡ek `ye©j n‡e, eb¨v-Livi cÖeYZv e„w× cv‡e| GB ai‡Yi Avc`¸‡jv ax‡i ax‡i Av‡m, hv Rvbv I †evSvi Rb¨ mgq cvIqv hvq, A_©vr NUbvwU `xN©mgq a‡i ax‡i ax‡i N‡U, nVvr K‡i N‡U bv, ZvB GB ai‡Yi NUbv¸‡jv‡K axiMwZi NUbv ev Slow Onset ejv nq|

AvBwcwmwmÕi PZz_© g~j¨vqb cÖwZ‡e`‡b Abygvb Kiv n‡q‡Q †h, †gŠmygx e„wócv‡Zi cwigvY evo‡e hv fviZ, †bcvj, fzUvb I Pxb †_‡K evsjv‡`‡ki ga¨ w`‡q cÖevwnZ b`x¸‡jvi cvwb cÖev‡ni D”PZv evwo‡q †`‡e| wngvj‡qi wngevn¸‡jvi eid M‡j hvevi Kvi‡Y cvwb cÖev‡ni GB D”PZv `xN©‡gqv‡` AviI evo‡e| AvBwcwmwm AviI mZK© K‡i w`‡q‡Q †h, êwk¦K Dòvq‡bi Kvi‡Y mgy`ªc„‡ôi D”PZv 0.18 †_‡K 0.79 wgUvi ch©šÍ evo‡Z cv‡i| Gi d‡j DcKzjxq †e‡o †h‡Z cv‡i, f~Mf©¯’ cvwbi ¯Íi I `wÿYvÂ‡j we¯Í…Z b`x¸‡jv jeYv³ n‡Z cv‡i| e„wócv‡Zi cwigvY evo‡e Ges e„wó AwbqwgZ n‡q hv‡e e‡j Abygvb Kiv n‡q‡Q| Gi d‡j †`‡ki AwaKZi ï¯‹ GjvKv DËi-cwðgvÂ‡j †cŠb‡cŠwbK I Zxeª Livi m¤¢vebv i‡q‡Q|

1.3.2 `ªæZMwZi `y‡h©vM SzuwK I wec`vcbœZvcÖvK…wZK `y‡h©vM †hgb mvB‡K¬vb-N~wY©So-R‡jv”Q¡v‡mi msL¨v, gvÎv I ZxeªZv e„w× cv‡e| ‡cvKv-gvKo RwbZ AmyL-wemyL, WvBwiqv I GBPAvBwfÕi SuywK e„w× cv‡e| wbivc` cvwbi mieivn K‡g Avm‡e, Ab¨w`‡K knivÂ‡j cvwbi Pvwn`v e„w× cv‡e| Rxebnvwb, A_©‰bwZK I cÖvwZôvwbK ÿwZ mvwaZ n‡e| Kg©ms¯’vb wewNœZ n‡e, ev¯‘Py¨wZ I Af¨šÍixY ¯’vbvšÍi e„w× cv‡e| K…wl, cvwb, †hvMv‡hvM, ¯^v¯’¨, AeKvVv‡gv, A_©bxwZ I y‡h©vM eë¯’vcbv LvZ ÿwZMÖ¯’ n‡e|

mvB‡K¬vb, N~wY©So, f~wgK¤ú, R‡jv”Qv‡mi g‡Zv Avc`¸‡jv Z¡wiZ MwZ‡Z ev nVvr Av‡m, GB Avc`¸‡jv‡K Avmvi Av‡M Rvbv I †evSvi Rb¨ ‡Zgb †Kvb mgq cvIqv hvq bv, ZvB GB ai‡Yi Avc`¸‡jv‡K `ªæZMwZi NUbv ev Rapid Onset ejv nq|

1.4 `y‡h©v‡Mi mv‡_ Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi m¤úK© I cv_©K¨m~nRjevqy cwieZ©b ewn©f~Z y‡h©vM, Rjevqy cwieZ©bRwbZ y‡h©vM Ges y‡h©vM ewn©f~Z Rjevqy cwieZ©bRwbZ cÖfve m¤ú‡K© DcwiwjøwLZ wP‡Î aviYv cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q‡Q| Rjevqy cwieZ©b ewn©f~Z `y‡h©vM, †hgb f~wgK¤ú n‡jv †m¸‡jv hv c„w_exi f~c„‡ôi MV‡bi cwieZ©‡bi Kvi‡Y msNwUZ n‡q _v‡K| Rjevqy cwieZ©bRwbZ `y‡h©v‡Mi KviY wnmv‡e Avgiv B‡Zvg‡a¨ gbyl¨ Kg©KvÛ †_‡K MÖxYnvDR M¨v‡mi wbM©g‡Yi KviY‡K wPwýZ K‡iwQ| Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi d‡j GKw`‡K eb¨v, Liv, N~wY©So, R‡jv”Q¡v‡mi g‡Zv `y‡h©vM¸‡jv m„wó nq, Ab¨w`‡K `y‡h©vM bq wKš‘ y‡h©v‡Mi KviY wnmv‡e f~c„‡ôi ZvcgvÎv e„w×, e„wócv‡Zi ZviZg¨, mgy`ªc„‡ôi D”PZv e„w× I wngev‡ni eid M‡j hvIqv‡K wPwýZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| Rjevqy Awf‡hvRb I y‡h©vM SzuwK eë¯’vcbv Gi g‡a¨ GB mv`„k¨ I êmv`„k¨¸‡jv we‡ePbvq †i‡L Kg©cwiKíbv cÖYqb I ev¯Íevqb Kiv cÖ‡qvRb|

`ªæZMwZi `y‡h©vM SzuwK I wecbœZvmg~nmybvgx, mvB‡K¬vb, eb¨v, f~wgK¤ú, Av‡MœqwMwii AMœyrcvZ,

U‡b©‡Wv, N~wY©So, R‡jv”Q¡vm

axiMwZi `y‡h©vM SzuwK I wecbœZvmg~nf‚c„‡ôi ZvcgvÎv e„w×, mgy`ªc„‡ôi D”PZv e„w×, ce©Zk„‡½i wngev‡ni eid M‡j hvIqv, e„wócv‡Zi cwieZ©b, Liv,

giæKiY cÖeYZv

Rjevqy cwieZ©b ewn©f‚Z `y‡h©vM(f‚wgK¤ú)

Rjevqy cwieZ©b RwbZ `y‡h©vM (eb¨v, Liv, NywY©So, R‡jv”Q¡vm)

`y‡h©vM ewn©f~Z Rjevqy cwieZ©bRwbZ cÖfve (ZvcgvÎv, e„wócv‡Zi ZviZg¨, mgy`ªc„‡ôi D”PZv e„w×, wngev‡ni

eid M‡j hvIqv)

`y‡h©vM SuywK n«vm

Rjevqy Awf‡hvRb


Awf‡hvRb I `y‡h©vM SuywK eë¯’vcbv Kvh©μg mg~‡ni g‡a¨ m¤úK© I cv_©K¨ t

`xN©‡gqv`x wμqv ev Kg©m~wP

Rjevqy cwieZ©b AwbðqZv Av‡jvPbv

Awf‡hvR‡bi 5wU ¯Í¤¢

Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi KviY ¸‡jv‡K cÖfvweZKiY (MÖxYnvDR M¨vm wbM©gY, meyR kw³i eënvi DrmvwnZKiY)

AwbðqZv I cwiewZ©Z cwiw¯’wZ‡K †gvKv‡ejv Kiv (bZzb SzuwK, AvenvIqv, Rjevqy I fwel¨Z m¤¢ve¨ wec`vcbœZv we‡kølY)

`y‡h©vM SzuwK eë¯’vcbv †KŠkj

`y‡h©vM SuywK eë¯’vcbvq G ai‡Yi †Kvb Kg©m~wP _v‡K bv|

`y‡h©vM SuywK eë¯’vcbvq G ai‡Yi †Kvb Kg©m~wP _v‡K bv|

Awf‡hvRb †KŠkj

AvšÍ©RvwZK ch©v‡q mg‡SvZv ˆZix (UNFCCC, IPCC, HFA) AvÂwjK I RvZxq ch©v‡q A¨vW‡fv‡Kmx wb¤œgvÎvq Kve©b wbM©gY meyR kw³i (Green Energy) eënvi DrmvwnZKiY

cwiw¯’wZ I Z_¨-DcvË hvPvB-evQvB I we‡kølY weÁv‡bi mv‡_ cÖPwjZ Áv‡bi mgš^q KiY wcwfwmG AwbðqZv‡K †gvKv‡ejv Kivi Rb¨ `xN©‡gqv`x cwiKíbv MÖnY

1.5 K…wl‡Z Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi cÖfveK…wlLv‡Z †`‡ki 60 kZvs‡kiI †ewk gvbyl Rxeb-RxweKvi Rb¨ cÖZ¨ÿ I c‡ivÿfv‡e K…wli Dci wbf©ikxj, Rjevqy cwieZ©b †hgb f~c„‡ôi ZvcgvÎv e„w×, ce©Z k„‡½i wngev‡ni eid M‡j hvIqv, mgy`ªc„‡ôi D”PZv e„w× cvIqvi Kvi‡Y Zv‡ì Rxeb I RxweKv ûgwKi gy‡L co‡e| K…wl (dmj, Mevw`cï, grm¨) Lv‡Z ¸iæZi ÿwZi m¤¢vebv i‡q‡Q| AwaKnv‡i eb¨v, DcK~jxq AÂ‡j jeYv³Zv e„w× I Livi mv‡_ ZvcgvÎv e„w× I e„wócv‡Zi cwiewZ©Z aib hy³ n‡q dm‡ji Pvlvev` I djb Kwg‡q †`‡e| AvBwcwmwmÕi Avk¼v Abyhvqx, 2050 mvj bvMv` evsjv‡`‡k av‡bi Drcv`b 8 kZvsk I M‡gi Drcv`b 32 kZvsk n«vm cv‡e (1990 mvj‡K wfwË eQi a‡i)|

M‡elYvi cÖvß Z_¨ †_‡K Rvbv hvq, †hme eQ‡i evsjv‡`‡ki K…wl Drcv`b e¨vnZ n‡q‡Q, †mB eQi¸‡jvq †Kvb bv †Kvb Rjevqy ZvwoZ `y‡h©vM Avgv‡ì Drcv`b bó K‡i‡Q (‡ebmb I †K¬, 2002)| Avgiv Av‡iv †`wL, RvZxq Av‡qi cÖe„w×i nvi H eQi¸‡jv‡ZB c~e©vci eQi¸‡jvi Zzjbvq †ek LvwbKUv Kg n‡q‡Q| GB ev¯ÍeZv †_‡K wkÿv wb‡q fwel¨‡Zi Lv`¨ wbivcËv †ÿ‡Î Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi wel‡q ms‡e`bkxj n‡Z n‡e|

evqygÛ‡j Kve©b-WvB-A·vBW M¨v‡mi NbZ¡ †e‡o †M‡j Ñ hv wKbv Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi cÖavb AbyNUK Ñ MvQcvjv I k‡mï Rb¨ mvavibfv‡e †mwU mnvqKB nevi K_v| wKš‘ Rjevqy cwiewZ©Z n‡j we‡k¦i Mo ZvcgvÎv GKB mv‡_ evo‡e| weÁvbwfwËK M‡elYv ej‡Q, Mo ZvcgvÎv eZ©gv‡bi Zzjbvq 2μ †mjwmqvm ev ZviI †ekx evo‡j km¨`vbvi Drcv`b wecyjfv‡e e¨vnZ n‡e (Kwig I Abïv, 1998)|

Mo ZvcgvÎv evo‡j Zv gvwUi ˆRe Kve©‡bi ¶q cÖeYZv evov‡e (Kwig I Abïv, 1998)| K…wl weÁvbx‡ì msÁvbyhvqx G ai‡bi msK‡U †`‡ki †ekxifvM K…wlRwgB ûgwKi gy‡L c‡o‡Q| Rjevqy cwieZ©b GB SuzwK‡K Drcv`b SzuwK‡Z cwiYZ Ki‡e| G‡`‡ki †ewkifvM gvbyl K…wlK‡g©i Dci wbf©ikxj| Rjevqy cwieZ©bRwbZ mgm¨vq K…wl e¨vcKfv‡e ¶wZMÖ¯Í n‡e| †h‡nZz fwel¨‡Z RbmsL¨v eZ©gv‡bi Zzjbvq †e‡o hv‡e, K…wl chy©`¯Í n‡j Zv `vwi‡`ªï we¯Í…wZ NUv‡Z cv‡i| AvksKv Kiv n‡q‡Q †h, K…wl‡Z bZzb Kg©ms¯’v‡bi e`‡j Rjevqy-ZvwoZ †eKviZ¡I †`Lv w`‡Z cv‡i|

1.5.1 DcK~jxq AÂ‡ji K…wl‡Z Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi cÖfvecÖvq 12 jvL DcK~jxq †R‡j cwiev‡ii Rxeb wecbœ n‡q co‡e Ges mviv‡`‡k gv‡Qi mieivn n«vm cv‡e| ‡ewoeuva †f‡½ ev Dc‡P I MÖvgvÂ‡ji we¯ÍxY© GjvKv cøvweZ n‡q ‡`‡ki cÖvq 17 kZvk DcK~jxq K…wlRwg I Nievwo RjgMœ n‡e I `xN©Kvjxb Rjve×Zv m„wó n‡e| K…wlRwgi jeYv³Zv e„w× cv‡e Ges K…wl Drcv`b e¨vnZ n‡e|

DcK~jxq AÂ‡j †`‡ki GK PZz_©vsk gvbyl evm K‡i| DcK~jxq AÂj cøvweZ n‡j GB gvbyl¸‡jv ev¯‘Pz¨Z n‡e Ges mviv‡`‡k Qwo‡q co‡e| DcK~jxq wb¤œf‚wg Zwj‡q hv‡e, DcK~jxq b`x I f~Mf©¯’ cvwbi ¯Íi †bvbvμvšÍ n‡q hv‡e, my‡cq cvwbi msKU m„wó n‡e, cÖvY‰ewPÎ¨ mg„× wek¦HwZn¨ my›ìe‡bi aŸskcÖwμqv evo‡e Ges †cvìv‡ii g‡a¨ Rje×Zv m„wó n‡q K…wlLv‡Z wech©q †b‡g Avm‡e|

mgy‡`ªi DcwiZ‡ji ùxwZ NU‡j me‡P‡q †ewk ¶q¶wZ n‡e DcK~jxq K…lK‡ì| DcK~jxq GjvKvi b`x¸‡jvq jeYv³Zv Avbyf~wgKfv‡e DRv‡bi w`‡K evo‡Z _vK‡e| jeYv³ GjvKv †`‡ki wfZ‡i eû`~i ch©šÍ we¯Í…Z n‡e| je‡Yi cÖ‡Kv‡c cÖPwjZ K…wl Zxeªfv‡e ¶wZMÖ¯’ n‡e| `w¶Y-cwð‡gi eû GjvKvq cÖPwjZ †ev‡iv av‡bi Avev` Kiv hv‡e bv| DcK~jxq GjvKvi b`x‡Z jeY AbycÖ‡ek Kivq b`xi cvwb w`‡q †mP †`qv hv‡e bv, d‡j ïK‡bv †gŠmy‡gi dmj Drcv`b j¶¨bxq ch©v‡q K‡g hv‡e (nvweeyjøvn I Abïv, 1998; wmBwRAvBGm, 2006)| †gŠmywg evqycÖevn kw³kvjx nIqvi d‡j ‡h‡nZz eo eb¨vi cyb‡cŠwbKZv I e¨vwßKvj (¯’vwqZ¡) DfqB evo‡e, D”Pdjbkxj Avgb Pv‡li Rb¨ Zv mgm¨v m„wó Ki‡e| av‡bi †¶Z eb¨vi cvwb‡Z Wy‡e _vK‡j bZzb KwP Pvivi Rb¨ Zv mnbxq bq, d‡j Avg‡bi Drcv`b A‡bKUv Kg n‡e| Gai‡bi eb¨v Nb Nb n‡j gnvwec` Ñ we‡kl K‡i Lv`¨ Drcv`‡bi wePv‡i| †`‡ki `w¶b-cwðgvÂ‡j Rjve×Zvi cÖfve cÖwZeQi evo‡Q, bZzb bZzb GjvKv Rjve× n‡q K…wli Rb¨ Aby‡cv‡hvMx n‡q co‡Q| wKQz wKQz GjvKvq weMZ AvU eQ‡iI K…wlR Drcv`b m¤¢e nqwb| Rjevqy cwieZ©b I mgy`ªZ‡ji ùxwZ Rjve×Zvi cÖ‡Kvc evwo‡q Z‡zj AvμvšÍ GjvKvq dm‡ji m¤¢vebv bó Ki‡e (Avn‡g` I Abïv, 2007)|


Awf‡hvRb †KŠkj

5wU mÿgZv Dbœqb wfwËK Awf‡hvRb cwiKíbv MÖnY

Avc`, Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi wbqvgKmg~‡ni e„w× Ges fwel¨‡Z msNwUZ n‡Z cv‡i Ggb m¤¢ve¨ `y‡h©vM¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© IqvwKenvj Kiv Rb‡Mvôx‡K `y‡h©vM SuywK eë¯’vcbv †KŠk‡ji Av‡jv‡K cÖ¯‘Z Kiv

NvZmwnòz RxebhvÎv wbwðZ Kivi j‡ÿ¨ eb¨v, mvB‡K¬vb, Liv, jeYv³Zv BZ¨vw` cwiw¯’wZi Rb¨ Awf‡hvRb Kg©m~wP ev¯Íevqb û‡Mv †d«gIqvK© Ae A¨vKkb AbymiY `y‡h©vM SuywK eë¯’vcbvi Av‡jv‡K SzuwK cÖkg‡bi Rb¨ Rb‡Mvôx‡K mwμqKiY

Rb‡MvôxwfwËK cÖkgb Kvh©μg ¯’vbxq I RvZxq miKv‡ii Kvh©μ‡gi mv‡_ m¤úK© ¯’vcb cÖwkÿY I AbycÖvwYZKiY cÖvK…wZK m¤ú` eë¯’vcbvi Rb¨ bxwZ cwiKíbv I A¨vW‡fv‡Kmx bvixi A_©‰bwZK ÿgZvqb

`y‡h©vM SzuwK eë¯’vcbv †KŠkj

`y‡h©vM SuywK n«vm t gvbe, mvgvwRK, ‡fŠZ, Avw_©K I cÖvK…wZK c~uwR wfwËK mÿgZv AR©b

`y‡h©vM SuywK eë¯’vcbvi Rb¨ _v‡K mgwš^Z cÖ¯‘wZ †KŠkj RvZxq ch©v‡q gš¿Yvjq I wefvMmg~n ¯’vbxq KwgwU AvMvg mZK©Zv cÖ`vb eë¯’v

cÖkgbwfwËK `y‡h©vM SuywK eë¯’vcbv †KŠkj RvZxq ch©v‡q gš¿Yvjq I wefvMmg~n ¯’vbxq ch©v‡q ¯’vqx Av‡`k I KwgwUmg~n

Rb‡MvôxwfwËK cÖkgb Kvh©μg ¯’vbxq I RvZxq miKv‡ii Kvh©μ‡gi mv‡_ m¤úK© ¯’vcb cÖwkÿY I AbycÖvwYZKiY

Awf‡hvR‡bi 5wU ¯Í¤¢

RxebhvÎvi 5wU c~uwR ev m¤ú`wfwËK DbœqY / Kg©cwiKíbv

cwieZ©‡b AskMÖnY (AeKvVv‡gv Dbœq‡b c~e©cwiKíbv, Rjevqy mwnòz km¨ Drcv`b cwiKíbv cÖYqb, mvgvwRK ebvqb, RvZxq I ¯’vbxq ch©v‡q cÖkgb Kg©m~wP ev¯Íevqb)

Rjevqy SuywKi mv‡_ Lvc LvB‡q †bqv (Avc` I `y‡h©v‡Mi mgq RxebhvÎvi SuywK m¤ú‡K© wkÿvMÖnY)

m¤ú` MVb /c~uwR ‰Zix (gvbem¤ú`, AeKvVv‡gv Dbœqb, cÖvK…wZK m¤ú` eë¯’vcbv, Avw_©K m¤ú`)

‡UKmB RxebhvÎv welqK Av‡jvPbv

ZvrÿwbK wμqv ev Kg©m~wP

AwfÁZvwfwËK Kg©KvÛ

1.5.5 wej AÂ‡ji K…wl‡Z Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi cÖfveμgvMZfv‡e wej fivU Kivi Kvi‡Y Pjbwejmn Ab¨vb¨ we‡ji Dci wbf©ikxj gvby‡li Rxeb I RxweKv μgvMZ ÿwZMÖ¯’ n‡”Q| we‡kl K‡i Liv Ges we‡ji mv‡_ ms‡hvM b`x-bvjv¸‡jvi cvwb cÖevn n«vm cvIqv wKsev ïwK‡q hvIqvi Kvi‡Y wej¸‡jv‡Z cvwb mieivn n«vm †c‡q‡Q, d‡j wej¸‡jv gvby‡li `L‡j P‡j hv‡”Q Ges wej¸‡jv fivU n‡q hv‡”Q| d‡j we‡ji Ici wbf©ikxj gvby‡li we‡kl K‡i grm¨Rxex‡ì Rxeb I RxweKv ûgwKi gy‡L c‡o‡Q| Ab¨w`‡K we‡ji gv‡Qi †h êwPÎ¨, †mUvI aŸsmcÖvß n‡”Q|

1.6 Rjevqy Awf‡hvRb I cÖkg‡bi †ÿÎmg~nAwf‡hvRb n‡”Q `ªæZ cv‡ë hvIqv cwi‡ek I cwiw¯’wZi mv‡_ mwVKfv‡e Lvc LvB‡q †bqv| A_©vr Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi Kvi‡Y cwi‡ek I cwiw¯’wZi †h `ªæZ cwieZ©b NU‡Q Zvi mv‡_ RbMY I cÖwZ‡ek eë¯’vi Kvh©Kifv‡e Lvc LvB‡q †bqv| Z‡e Wt Avnmvb DwÏb Gi g‡Z, BDGbGdwmwmwmÕi KvVv‡gvq ÔDbœqbÕ, we‡kl K‡i †UKmB Dbœq‡bi welqwU D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| †mKvi‡Y Awf‡hvRb ej‡Z ïay ÿwZ †g‡b wb‡q Zvi mv‡_ ïay gvwb‡q †bqv bq, Dbœqbkxj †`‡ki Rb¨ we‡eP¨ n‡e, SuywK †gvKv‡ejv K‡iI DË‡ivËi mg„w×i m¤¢vebv‡K Kv‡R jvMv‡bv| G Kvi‡Y Dbœqbkxj †`‡ki bxwZ ‡KŠk‡j Rjevqy cwieZ©bRwbZ ÿwZi †gvKv‡ejv Dbœqb avivevwnKZvq ÔAwf‡hvRbÕ ‡KŠkj‡K AšÍ©fz³ Kiv cÖ‡qvRb|

1.6.1 Rjevqy Awf‡hvR‡bi msÁvRjevqy cwieZ©bkxjZv I cwieZ©b †nZz (ev AbywgZ) ÿqÿwZ wKsev Su~wK I wecbœZv jvN‡ei cÖwμqv, ÿqÿwZ †gvKv‡ejvi Rb¨ mÿgZv m„wói cÖwμqv Ges D™¢zZ cwiw¯’wZi my‡hvM wb‡q M„wnZ Kvh©vejx‡K Awf‡hvRb ejv nq| A_©vr Rjevqy cwieZ©bkxjZv I cwieZ©‡bi ‡cÖwÿ‡Z mg‡qi mv‡_ mv‡_ gvby‡li Ges cÖvK…wZK m¤ú‡ì ms‡e`bkxjZv cwieZ©b Kivi j‡ÿ¨ Awf‡hvRb GKwU cÖwμqv gvÎ, hv KL‡bvB GKwU djvdj‡K wPwýZ K‡i bv|

Awf‡hvRb cÖwμqvq GKwU wecbœ Rb‡Mvôx weiæ× cwiw¯’wZ‡Z myweavRbKfv‡e Kv‡R jvwM‡q DË‡ivËi SuywK n«vm K‡i Ges ÿqÿwZ KvwU‡q IVvi mÿgZv μgvMZfv‡e evwo‡q I my‡hvM m„wói gva¨‡g †UKmB Dbœq‡bi c_ myMg K‡i| Awf‡hvRb cÖwμqv ïaygvÎ wU‡K _vKv wKsev gvwb‡q wb‡q Avc` c~e©eZ©x Ae¯’vq wd‡i Avmvi D‡Ï‡k¨ M„wnZ ev m¤úvw`Z nq bv, eis Avc`-c~e©eZ©x Ae¯’vi †P‡q DË‡ivËi DbœZZi Ae¯’v‡b †cuxQv‡bvi D‡Ï‡k¨ Awf‡hvRb cÖwμqv nv‡Z †bqv hvq|

Awf‡hvRb cÖwμqv ZvB wcQbg~Lx bq, eis Zv me©`v fwel¨‡Zi Dbœq‡bi Bw½Z enb K‡i|

1.6.2 Rjevqy Awf‡hvR‡bi cÖKvi‡f`KvVv‡gvMZ Awf‡hvRb (Structural Adaptation) t GB cÖwμqvq eZ©gv‡b cÖhyyw³¸‡jvi wKQzUv Dbœqb I m¤úªmvi‡Yi gva¨‡g Awf‡hvwRZ nIqv eySvq| †hgb, eb¨vi Rb¨ evwo DuPz Kiv, gReyZ KvVv‡gv w`‡q evwo ˆZix Kiv BZ¨vw`|

A-KvVv‡gvMZ Awf‡hvRb (Non-Structural Adaptation) t A‡bK †ÿ‡Î Rxeb P”P©v I eënv‡i cwieZ©‡bi gva¨‡gB Lvc LvIqv‡bv ev Awf‡hvwRZ nIqv m¤¢e| G ai‡Yi Awf‡hvRb‡K A-KvVv‡gvMZ Awf‡hvRb ejv nq| †hgb, SuywKc~Y© ¯’vb †_‡K Ab¨Î P‡j wM‡q ev †ckv cwieZ©‡bi gva¨‡g Awf‡hvwRZ nIqv hvq|

wbe„wËg~jK Awf‡hvRb (Anticipatory Adatation) t Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi cÖwZK~j cÖfve cwijwÿZ nIqvi Av‡MB Awf‡hvRb eë¯’v MÖnY Kiv n‡j Zv‡K wbe„wËg~jK Awf‡hvRb ejv nq| †hgb, eb¨vi Av‡MB ïK‡bv Lv`¨ msMÖn I msiÿ‡bi eë¯’v Kiv|cÖwZwμqvg~jK Awf‡hvRb (Reactive Adaptation) t Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi ÿwZKi cÖfvemg~n cwijwÿZ nIqvi ci †h Awf‡hvRb

1.5.2 e‡i›`ª AÂ‡ji K…wl‡Z Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi cÖfvee‡i›`ª AÂj A_©vr evsjv‡`‡ki cwðgvÂj Ggwb‡ZB LivcÖeY| Rjevqy cwieZ©bRwbZ Livi Kvi‡Y ïK‡bv (iwe) †gŠmy‡gi K…wl Kv‡R Zxeª †bwZevPK AwfNvZ †b‡g Avm‡e| Mg I AvDk Drcv`b e¨vcK nv‡i K‡g hv‡e| GQvov evsjv‡`‡ki e„nËi ivRkvnx I Kzwóqv AÂ‡ji e¨vcK GjvKvq †ev‡iv av‡bi cÖ‡¯^`b G‡ZvUvB evo‡e †h Liv cÖebZv gvSvix †_‡K Zxeª AvKvi avib Ki‡e| †m‡Pi cÖ‡qvRb G‡ZvUvB evo‡e †h f~-Mf©¯’ Rjvav‡ii DcwiZj μgkt wbgœgyLx n‡e Ges eZ©gv‡b cÖPwjZ ¯^í MfxiZvi †m‡Pi cv¤ú¸‡jv fwel¨‡Z Kvh©KvwiZv nvwi‡q †dj‡e| f~-Mf©¯’ cvwb cÖvwßi mv‡c‡¶ ¶z`ª I cÖvwšÍK Pvlxi c‡¶ jvfRbK Dcv‡q Liv †gvKv‡ejv K‡i †ev‡iv Avev` m¤¢e n‡e bv| Gi †bwZevPK cÖfve ïaygvÎ cÖvwšÍK Pvlx‡ì DciB bq, mvgwMÖK Lv`¨ wbivcËvi DciI co‡Z eva¨|

1.5.3 Pi AÂ‡ji K…wl‡Z Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi cÖfve‡`‡ki cÖavb cÖavb b`x I †gvnbv wN‡i K‡qK kÕ Pi Avevmb I K…wli Rb¨ AZ¨šÍ m¤¢vebvgq GjvKv| b`xfvOb I Ab¨vb¨ y‡h©v‡M wbt¯^ n‡q hvIqv gvby‡li Rb¨ GKwU AvkÖq¯’j GB Pi¸‡jv| cÖvq 7 jvL gvbyl GB Pi¸‡jvq emevm I RxweKv wbe©vn K‡i|

wngvj‡qi wngevn M‡j hvIqv I mgy`ªc„‡ôi D”PZv e„w× cvIhvi d‡j AwaKvsk PiB fvO‡bi gy‡L co‡Q Ges ax‡i ax‡i Pi¸‡jv b`xe‡ÿ wejxb n‡q hv‡”Q| el©vKv‡j cvwbi D”PZv e„w× cvIqvi d‡j AwaKvsk Pi †Rvqv‡i Zwj‡q hvq I P‡ii K…wl ÿwZMÖ¯’ nq, nuvm-gyiwM Mevw` cï gviv hvq| Ab¨w`‡K DRv‡bi Zxeª †¯ªv‡Zi m‡½ ˆRe Dcv`vb bv Avmvq P‡ii K…wlRwg μgkt De©iZv nvivq Ges evjygq giæØx‡c cwiYZ nq|

GQvovI M‡elYvq †`Lv †M‡Q, el©v †gŠmy‡gi e„wócvZ evo‡j b`x‡Z cvwb cÖevn evo‡e Ges †mB mv‡_ evo‡e gvSvwi †_‡K eo eb¨vi †cŠbtcywbKZv| AvksKv Kiv n‡”Q †h, Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi d‡j NbNb eo cøveb NU‡Z †`Lv hv‡e| Av‡iv AvksKv Kiv n‡”Q †h, †h‡Kv‡bv `ywU eo eb¨vi gaëZx© mgqKvj μgk: Kg‡Z _vK‡e| Ab¨w`‡K, kxZKvjxb ¶xYgvÎvi e„wó Av‡iv K‡g hvIqv Ges ZvcgvÎv e„w×RwbZ ev®úxfeb †e‡o hvIqvq Liv cÖeYZv evo‡e| Rjevqy cwieZ©bRwbZ Livi Kvi‡Y ïK‡bv (iwe) †gŠmy‡gi K…wl Kv‡R Zxeª †bwZevPK AwfNvZ †b‡g Avm‡e|

1.5.4 nvIo AÂ‡ji K…wl‡Z Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi cÖfvenvIo Avgv‡ì †`‡ki ¯^Zš¿ I Abb¨ cÖwZ‡ek AÂj| mybvgMÄ, †bÎ‡Kvbv, wK‡kviMÄ †_‡K ïiæ K‡i eªv²Yevwoqv ch©šÍ we¯Í…Z G AÂ‡ji AwaevmxMY HwZn¨MZfv‡eB eb¨vi mv‡_ Lvc LvB‡q wb‡q‡Qb| wKš‘ Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi weiƒc cÖfv‡e GwcÖj-‡g gv‡m Zxeª AvMvg eb¨ †`Lv †`qvi Kvi‡Y cÖwZeQiB †ev‡ivmn MÖx®§Kvjxb dmj bó n‡”Q, Nievwo I emZwfUv bó n‡”Q| ïay †ev‡iv bq, nvI‡oi eb¨vq Avgb dmj cy‡ivcywi webó nq, Mevw`cï I nuvm-gyiwM gviv hvq|

AvksKv Kiv n‡”Q †h, Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi d‡j nvIo AÂ‡ji cÖwZ‡e‡kI Zxeª †bwZevPK cÖfve co‡e| nvI‡oi cÖwZ‡ek FZz‡f‡` cvwbi cÖvc¨Zvi Dci wbf©ikxj| Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi d‡j kw³kvjx †gŠmzwg evqzi cÖZ¨¶ cÖfv‡e cvwbi mieivn ‡e‡o hv‡e| wKš‘ úÖvKÐel©v e…wóúvZ nIqvi mgqKvj wKQzUv GwM‡q G‡j †ev‡iv Drcv`b mg~n ¶wZi gz‡LvgzwL n‡e| nvI‡oi cÖvK…wZK cÖwZ‡ek GgbB wQj †h, GwcÖ‡ji †klv‡a© AvMvg e„wói Xj G‡m cy‡iv nvIo fvwm‡q w`Z| Gi d‡j †ev‡iv dmj Zwj‡q †hZ, cvKv avb Zz‡j Avbvi mßvn `y‡qK Av‡M| wKš‘ cÖvK…wZK cÖwi‡ek GLb e`‡j †M‡Q; GwU e`‡j †dj‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i‡Q nvIo-msjM- b`xi Zx‡i ¯’vwcZ evgb-euva| Gai‡bi Le©vK…wZ euva avb cy‡ivcywi †c‡K hvevi Ges †K‡U †bevi mgqKvj ch©šÍ nvI‡o cvwb XyK‡Z evav †`q, A_P el©vq cvwb PjvP‡j e¨vcK Amyweav m„wó K‡ibv| G‡Z avb Pv‡li evowZ myweav mn Rjvf~wgi Ab¨vb¨ myweavwì cÖvwß‡hvM wbwðZ Kiv m¤¢e nq|

MZ `yB `k‡K evgb-evua I †c‡K hvevi Rb¨ Zzjbvg~jK Kg mgq jv‡M Ñ Ggb †ev‡iv Rv‡Zi D™¢e I cÖmv‡ii d‡j nvIo GjvKvi Pvlxiv wKQyUv ¯^v”Q‡›`ï gyL †`‡LwQ‡jb| GQvov †`‡ki Lv`¨ wbivcËvi we‡ePbvq nvI‡o Drcvw`Z †ev‡iv avb ¸iæZ¡c~b© fywgKv †i‡L AvmwQj| mvwe©K we‡ePbvq eZ©gv‡b †`‡ki mvgvwRK I A_©‰bwZK †¶‡Î nvIo cÖwZ‡e‡ki mvgwMÖK Ae`vb Amxg| Rjevqy cwie©Zb ZxeªZi n‡j e„wócv‡Zi cÖPwjZ aviv e`‡j hv‡e| g‡Wj-D™¢yZ G djvdj Av‡iv Rvbvb w`‡”Q †h, elv©q †ekx cwigvb cvwb †`‡ki Dci w`‡q e‡q hv‡e| hw` evowZ e„wóevwnZ cÖevn GwcÖ‡ji †kl mßvn n‡Z †g gv‡mi cÖ_g mßv‡ni g‡a¨ N‡U, Zvn‡j cvKv †ev‡iv avb †Zvjvi A‡MB Wy‡e hvIqvi m¤¢vebv _vK‡e| G‡Z Lv`¨ Drcv`b K‡g hv‡e, Avg`vbxi Dci wbf©ikxjZv evo‡e Ges wi`ªiv Aí-we¯Íi Lv`¨ m¼‡U co‡eb|

E = Hazard exposure Avcb‡ì cÖfvevaxb / m¤¢ve¨ZvS = Sensitivity of the system ms‡e`bkxjZvR = Resilience of the system Awf‡hvRb-mÿgZv

Vulnerability ∞ ∫ ( E * S * R-1 )


1.6.4 Rjevqy cÖkg‡bi msÁvRjevqy cwieZ©‡bi Ab¨Zg KviY MÖxYnvDR M¨v‡mi wbM©gb, hv f~c„‡ôi ZvcgvÎv evwo‡q w`‡q wewfbœiKg y‡h©vM m„wó K‡i| Rjevqy cÖkgb ZvB Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi KviY MÖxYnvDR M¨v‡mi wbM©gb‡K wbqš¿Y Kivi c×wZ wb‡`©k K‡i|Ò‡h c×wZ‡Z ev cÖwμqvq Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi KviY Z_v MÖxYnvDR M¨vm wbM©gY n«vm Kiv nq, †mB c×wZ ev cÖwμqv‡K Rjevqy cÖkgb ejv nq|Ó

1.6.5 Rjevqy cÖkg‡bi †ÿÎmg~n K) MÖxYnvDR M¨vm D`Mxi‡Y f~wgKv AwZ mvgvb¨ n‡jI eZ©gvb I fwel¨‡Z MÖxbnvDR M¨v‡mi wbM©gb Kgv‡Z evsjv‡`k ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvj‡b AvMÖnx| Aciw`‡K, †`‡ki Dbœqb AwfhvÎv `ªæZZi nevi m‡½ m‡½ R¡vjvbx Pvwn`v evovi Kvi‡Y cÖkgb-Kvh©μg Aek¨B †`‡ki R¡vjvbx wbivcËvi m‡½ mvgÄm¨c~Y© n‡Z n‡e| G Rb¨B evsjv‡`k miKvi Dbœqb‡ÿ‡Î R¡vjvbx eëmvkÖq I bZzb R¡vjvbx eënvi‡K DrmvwnZ Ki‡Q| GKBm‡½, bevqb‡hvM¨ R¡vjvbx, we‡kl K‡i evwo‡Z †mŠikw³ I ev‡qvM¨vm eënv‡i ¸iæZ¡v‡ivc Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i, hv‡Z R¡vjvbx‡Z cÖ‡ekvwaKvi †iv bv K‡iB h_vm¤¢e wbM©gb Kgv‡bv m¤¢e nq|

L) cwi”Qbœ Dbœqb c×wZ (wmwWGg)Õi AvIZvq †mŠikw³ I eR¨ eë¯’vcbv msμvšÍ Kvh©μg MÖnY Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| G Qvov Kve©b †μwWU ˆZixi †KŠkj I Kve©b-evRvi m„wói gva¨‡g Rjevqy cÖkgb Kvh©μg MÖnY Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| M) mvgvwRK ebvqb Kg©m~wP Rjevqy cÖkg‡b ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv iv‡L| MÖvgxY Rb‡Mvôx we‡kl K‡i `vwi`ªmxgvi bx‡P emevmKvix gvby‡li Av_©-mvgvwRK myweav wbwðZ Kivi j‡ÿ¨ mvavib gvbyl‡K m¤ú„³ K‡i cwiPvwjZ ebvqb Kvh©μg‡K mvgvwRK ebvqb e‡j| mvgvwRK ebvqb Rjevqy cÖkgbmn GKB mv‡_ `wi`ª gvby‡li Kg©ms¯’vb m„wó K‡i, GKB mv‡_ `vwi`ªZv gyw³‡Z mnvqK f~wgKv cvjb K‡i|

1.7 Rjevqy Awf‡hvRb, wj½ I êwPÎ¨1.7.1 Rjevqy Awf‡hvRb I wj½ ev †RÛvi m¤ú‡ì Dci wbf©ikxj Avgv‡ì mgv‡R bvix I cyiæ‡li wfbœ wfbœ vq-`vwqZ¡ _v‡K, †mKvi‡YB Rjevqy cwieZ©b RwbZ Avc` I y‡h©v‡Mi mv‡_ gvwb‡q †bqvi mvg©‡_ï g‡aÏ bvix I cyiæ‡li wfbœZv _v‡K|

mKj Dbœqb Kg©Kv‡Û ‡RÛvi wKsev wj½ A_©vr mgv‡R bvix I cyiæ‡li mvgvwRK `vq`vwqZ¡‡K we‡ePbvq †bqv ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq| bvixi Dci we‡kl ¸iæZ¡ cÖ`vb‡K DbœqY Kg©Kv‡Û wj½ we‡kølY e‡j bv, eis wKfv‡e bvixiv êl‡gï wkKvi nq Ges wKfv‡e mvgvwRK `vq`vwqZ¡ bvix I cyiæ‡li gh©v`v, AwaKvi Z_v Rxebgv‡bi Dbœqb N‡U, †mB welq¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© mg¨K aviYv jvf Kiv| GB cwi‡cÖwÿZ‡Z Rjevqy cwieZ©‡b wj½ we‡køl‡Y Rjevqy cwieZ©b m¤úwK©Z Avc`¸‡jv‡Z bvix I cyiæliv wfbœ wfbœfv‡e AvμvšÍ nq Ges GB we‡ePbvq Awf‡hvRb I cÖkgb †KŠkj wba©viY Kivi Dci ¸iæZ¡v‡ivc Kiv nq|

‡h‡Kvb cÖvK…wZK wKsev gbyl¨m„ô wKsev Rjevqy cwieZ©bRwbZ `y‡h©v‡M bvix‡ì wec`vcbœZv‡K ‡evSvi Rb¨ Avgiv bx‡Pi †Km ÷vwW¸‡jv †`L‡Z cvwit

DcK~jxq Avc`Kvjxb AvkÖq‡K›`ªt mvB‡K¬vb wKsev R‡jv”Qv‡mi c~‡e© DcK~jxq gvbylRb‡K wbivcËv cÖ`v‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ DcK~jxq AÂ‡j Avc`Kvjxb AvkÖq‡K›`ª M‡o †Zvjv n‡q‡Q| †h †Kvb mvB‡K¬vb ev R‡jv”Qv‡mi c~‡e© mZK©Zv ms‡KZ cÖ`vb Kiv nq Ges DcK~jxq bvixiv mn mKj gvbyl GB mZK©Zv †c‡j Avc`Kvjxb AvkÖq‡K›`ª ¸‡jv‡Z G‡m AvkÖq MÖnY K‡i| wKš‘ DcK~jxq bvix‡ì Ae¯’v‡K we‡ePbvq wb‡q mvB‡K¬vb †këvi¸‡jv ˆZix Kiv nqwb| †mKvi‡Y Avc` †_‡K iÿv cvIqvi Rb¨ †këvi¸‡jv‡Z AvkÖqMÖnY K‡i bvixiv ‡mLv‡b AbïKg wKQz Avc‡ì gy‡LvgywL nq| †hgb, Avc`Kvjxb AvkÖq‡K›`ª ¸‡jv‡Z AmsL¨ gvbyl Mv`vMvw` K‡i _vKvi Kvi‡Y bvixiv we‡klZt Mf©eZ©x bvixiv bZzb Avc‡ì gy‡LvgywL nq| A‡bK mgq Mf©eZx bvix‡ì Mf©cvZ N‡U| Ab¨w`‡K AvkÖq‡K›`ª¸‡jv‡Z bvix‡ì Avjv`v m¨vwb‡Ukb Gi eë¯’vI AcÖZzj _vKvi Kvi‡Y bvixiv ‡mLv‡b A¯^w¯ÍKi cwiw¯’wZi gy‡LvgywL nq| Ab¨w`‡K AvkÖq‡K›`ª¸‡jvi Ae¯’vb wba©vi‡YI bvix‡ì hvZvqv‡Zi wbivcËvi K_v we‡ePbv Kiv nq bv| †mKvi‡Y mvB‡K¬vb wKsev R‡jv”Qv‡mi wech©‡q AvkÖq‡K‡›`ª hvIqvi c‡_ bvix‡ì †hŠb nqivwb I al©‡Yi wkKvi n‡Z nq e‡j Rvbv †M‡Q|

Rjve×Zvt Rjve×Zv bvix‡ì Acywó I gh©v`vnvwbKi cwiw¯’wZi w`‡K †V‡j †`q| GKwU GjvKv Rjve× n‡j †mLv‡b eQ‡ii cÖvq K‡qK gvm bvix‡ì A¯^v¯’¨Ki cwi‡e‡ki g‡a¨ evm Ki‡Z nq| `xN©mgq A¯^v¯’¨Ki Rjve× cwi‡e‡k evm Kivi Kvi‡Y bvixiv mvaviYZt Pg©‡ivM Ges MvB‡bvjwRK¨vj mgm¨vq c‡ob| Rjve×Zvi Kvi‡Y ¯’vbxq Drcv`b eë¯’v aŸsk n‡q hvq Ges GjvKvi cyiæliv Kv‡Ri

cÖwμqv MÖnY Kiv nq, Zv‡K cÖwZwμqv g~jK Awf‡hvRb ejv nq| †hgb, †jvbv GjvKvq jevYv³Zv mnvqK av‡bi cÖRvwZ D™¢veb, Dbœqb I Avev` Kiv|

1.6.3 Rjevqy Awf‡hvR‡bi †ÿÎmg~nK) cÖR‡b¥i ci cÖRb¥ a‡i evsjv‡`‡ki RbMY eb¨v, Liv I N~wY©S‡oi m‡½ Awf‡hvRb K‡i Avm‡Q| cøveb-SuywKc~Y© GjvKvi RbmvaviY DuPz wfUvi Dci emwZ ¯’vcb K‡i Ges Ggbfv‡e Pvlvev` K‡i hv‡Z eb¨vi cvwbi myweav eënvi Kiv hvq| †`‡ki mKj AÂ‡ji K…lKiv wbw`©ó cwigvY ¯’vbxq I Ddkx Rv‡Zi avbPv‡li gva¨‡g eb¨v I e„wócv‡Z m‡½ Awf‡hvRb K‡i _v‡K| m¤¢ve¨ †ÿ‡Î MÖvgxY moK, cv‡q Pjv c_ I miæ iv¯Ív Ges we`¨vj‡qi g‡Zv Ab¨vb¨ AeKvVv‡gv¸‡jv eb¨v ¯Íi †_‡K DuPz Kiv nq| L) AmsL¨ cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©vM, RbmsL¨vi AwaK NbZ¡, `ye©j AeKvVv‡gv I A_©‰bwZK m¼U mw¤§wjZfv‡e evsjv‡`k‡K Rjevqy-wec`vcbœ K‡i Zz‡j‡Q| AwaK `vwi‡`ªi nvi Ges K…wl I cÖvK…wZK m¤ú‡ì Dci `wi`ª Rbmvavi‡Yi AZ¨vwaK wbf©ikxjZv Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi w`K w`‡q Zv‡ì wec`vcbœZv evwo‡q w`‡q‡Q|M) MÖvgxY `wi`ª‡ì Rjevqy-mwnòz I Awf‡hvR‡b mÿg K‡i †Zvjvi Rb¨ mnvqZvg~jK Kg©m~wP AvMvgx K‡qK `kK †hŠw³Kfv‡eB AMÖvwaKvi cv‡e| `ªæZ bMivqb I A_©‰bwZK cÖe„w×i Kvi‡Y evsjv‡`‡ki SzuwK¸‡jvi aiY e`jv‡e| bZzb knivÂj¸‡jv Aek¨B Rjevqy mwnòz Ki‡Z n‡e| GUv n‡jv bZzb ai‡Yi bMivq‡bi cwiKíbv hv Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi m¤¢ve¨ SzuwK¸‡jv †gvKv‡ejv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|


Lv`¨ I Avq wbivcËvi Afve

Avq wbivcËv

Avq wbivcËvi Afve

Lv`¨ wbivcËvi Afve

¯^v¯’¨ wbivcËvi Afve

cvbxq R‡ji Afve

evm¯’v‡bi Afve

wec`vcbœZvi SuywK †_‡K gyw³

K…wli gva¨‡g Lv`¨ I Avq m„wói Kg©m~wP

weKí Kg©ms¯’v‡bi gva¨‡g Avq wbivcËv wbwðZKiY

Rbm¤ú‡` cÖ‡ekvwaKv‡ii gva¨‡g Avq e„w×

Lv`¨ Drcv`b I Lv`¨ gRy‡ì gva¨‡g Lv`¨ mieivn e„w×KiY

e¨w³ I ¯^v¯’¨ wbivcËv Dbœqb

jeYv³Zv gy³ I wbivc` cvbxq Rj cÖvc¨Zv wbwðZKiY

evwoN‡ii wbivcËv ‰Zix

Rb‡Mvôx wfwËK wec`vcbœZvi ûgwK †gvKv‡ejv Kg©m~wP MÖnY

fvmgvb mewR¡ Drcv`b c×wZ, jeYv³Zv mnbxq avb-ewn©f~Z km¨ Drcv`b, Livmwnòz km¨ Drcv`b, ev¯‘wfUvq mewR¡evMvb m„wó

KzwUi wkí, Szwo ˆZix, jeYv³Zv mwnòz e„ÿ †ivcY, euvawfwËK km¨ Drcv`b, eûgvwÎK gvQ Pvl, nuvm-gyiwM I cïcvjb, †gŠgvwQ Pvl I ga~ Drcv`b

miKvwi Rwg, Rj I R½‡j mvaviY RbM‡Yi cÖ‡ekvwaKvi wbwðZ Ki‡Z ¯’vbxq miKv‡ii (BDwbqb cwil`) mv‡_ ‡hŠ_fv‡e Kg©m~wP ev¯Íevqb, hv‡Z mvavib gvbyl Lvj-wej-b`x-bvjv †_‡K gvQ ai‡Z cv‡i, fvmgvb mewR¡ evMvb Ki‡Z cv‡i|

eb¨vi Kej †_‡K gy³ ivLvi Ges bó hv‡Z bv nq Ggb Lv`¨gRy` fvÛvi M‡o †Zvjv, DbœZgv‡bi enb‡hvM¨ P~jv ˆZix

eb¨v I Rjve×Zvgy³ cvqLvbv ˆZix I eënvi, mvB‡K¬vb AvkÖq‡K›`ª mg~‡n RvwZMZ wb¤œe‡M©i msL¨vjNy (gvnv‡Zv) gvbylR‡bi AvkÖqMÖnY wbwðZKiY

cvbxq R‡ji wbivc` eënvi wbwðZKiY, Mfxi bjKzc mg~‡ni ms¯‹vi, evwj-cvwb wdëv‡ii gva¨‡g cyKz‡ii cvwb eënvi, e„wói cvwb msiÿb I †QvU †QvU cyKzi-Lvwo ms¯‹vi I msiÿb

S‡oi Kej †_‡K evwo-N‡ii myiÿv wbwðZ Ki‡Z Avw` Áv‡bi mÜvb I eënvi, Nievwo ˆZixi Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ gvby‡li `ÿZv Dbœqb cÖwkÿY, evavgy³ evZvm cÖev‡ni eë¯’v MÖnY

cvwb cÖevn mywbwðZ ivLvi j‡ÿ¨ Li‡¯ªvZv b`x eë¯’vcbv I †QvU †QvU b`x-Lvj-Lvwo ms¯‹vi

‡KŠkjMZ G‡cÖvP Awf‡hvR‡bi Rb¨ Kg©m~wP Kg©m~wPi D`vniY

mÜv‡b bvix‡ì Dci cwiev‡ii we‡klZ mšÍvb‡ì jvjb cvj‡bi `vwqZ¡ Ac©b K‡i Ab¨Î P‡j hvq| Gmgq bvix‡ì A‡bK `yi †_‡K cvbxq Rj msMÖn I R¡vjvbx msMÖn Ki‡Z nq| A‡bK mgq `vwi`ªZv I cwiev‡ii fiY-‡cvlb I ˆ`bw›`b Rxebhvc‡bi A_© msMÖ‡ni Rb¨ bvixiv AmvgvwRK Kvh©Kjv‡c wjß n‡Z eva¨ nb|

jeYv³Zv I my‡cq cvwb msMÖnt Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi Kvi‡Y †`‡ki `wÿb-cwðgvÂ‡ji gvwU jeYv³ n‡q c‡o| jeYv³ GB AÂj¸‡jv‡Z emevmKvwi gvbylRb‡K A‡bK `yi †_‡K my‡cq cvwb msMÖn Ki‡Z nq| my‡cq cvwb msMÖ‡ni KvRwU mvaviYZ cwiev‡ii bvix I †g‡qiv K‡i _v‡K| cÖwZw`b GB my‡cq cvwb msMÖn Ki‡Z wM‡q †g‡q‡ì covïbvq e¨vNvZ N‡U| Ab¨w`‡K bvixiv wewfbœiKg MvB‡bvjwRK¨vj mgm¨vq c‡ob| Mf©eZ©x bvix‡ì Mf©cvZ I AcwiYZ wkï Rb¥`v‡bi NUbv N‡U|

b`xfvOb, PifvOb I DcK~jxq AâjfvObt b`xfvOb, PifvOb, DcK~jxq AÂjfvO‡bi NUbv evsjv‡`‡k cÖwZwbqZB N‡U| b`xfvOb wKsev PifvOb wKsev DcK~jxq AÂjfvO‡bi d‡j `wi`ª gvby‡liv Nievwo nq| GB fvOb¸‡jvi Kvi‡Y GjvKvi cyiæliv bvix‡ì Dci cwiev‡ii fiY-‡cvl‡bi `vwqZ¡ Ac©Y K‡i Kv‡Ri mÜv‡b Ab¨Î P‡j hvq| d‡j bvixiv A‡bK †ewk mvgvwRK I A_©‰bwZK Avc‡ì gy‡LvgywL nq|

†K me‡P‡q wecbœ?Awf‡hvRb ev cwiw¯’wZi mv‡_ Lvc LvB‡q †bqvi cwiKíbv cÖYq‡bi †ÿ‡Î bvix‡ì GB wec`vcbœZv¸‡jv‡K we‡ePbvq wb‡Z nq|

1.7.2 Rjevqy cwieZ©b I êwPÎ¨gqZv¯’vbxq AvenvIqv we‡kølY K‡i weÁvbxiv evsjv‡`‡ki Rb¨ 6wU FZz (MÖx®§, el©v, kir, †ngšÍ, kxZ I emšÍ) wba©viY K‡i‡Qb| evsjv‡`‡ki loFZzi ewPÎ¨gq Ae¯’vi Kvi‡Y MÖvgxY RxebhvÎvI wQj ‰ewPÎ¨gq| †hgb em‡šÍ-MÖx‡®§ K…lKiv AvDk avb †ivcb K‡ib Ges el©v Avmvi Av‡MB AvDk avb †K‡U †djv nq| Avevi el©vq Avgb av‡bi Pvl Kiv nq, hv †ng‡šÍ K…l‡Ki N‡i I‡V| Avevi kx‡Z wewfbœ cÖKvi mewR¡ Avev` Kiv nq| g~jZt FZz‰ewP‡Îï Kvi‡Y evsjv‡`‡ki K…wl mg„×kvjx|

wKš‘ Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi Kvi‡Y we‡k¦i ZvcgvÎv e„w× cv‡”Q, d‡j Avgv‡ì AvenvIqviI cwieZ©b NU‡Q, †mBmv‡_ FZz‰ewP‡ÎïI ZviZg¨ NU‡Q| A‡bK mgqB †`Lv hvq, el©vKv‡j e„wó †bB, kxZKv‡j ‡Kvb eQi Zxeª kxZ, Avevi †KvbeQi kxZKv‡ji ‡gqv` n«vm cv‡”Q| Avevi A‡bK mg‡q AKvj e„wó‡Z we¯ÍxY© GjvKv cøvweZ n‡”Q|

FZz‰ewP‡Îï GB ZviZ‡gï Kvi‡Y Avgv‡ì ˆ`bw›`b Rxebhvcb eë¯’viI cwieZ©b NU‡Q| K…l‡Ki dmj Drcv`b n«vm cv‡”Q, weKí Kg©ms¯’v‡bi Rb¨ gvbyl knig~Lx n‡”Q, êwPÎ¨gq Lv‡`ï Afv‡e gvbyl μgvMZ Acywôi w`‡K GwM‡q hv‡”Q|

GQvov, FZz‰ewPÎ¨ webó nIhvi Kvi‡Y Avwèvwm m¤úª`vq, hv‡ì Kg©ms¯’vb g~jZ Rj I R½‡ji Dci wbf©ikxj Zv‡ì Kg©ms¯’vb e¨vnZ n‡”Q Ges μgvMZ Zv‡ì RxebhvÎv ûgwK gy‡L c‡o Aw¯ÍZ¡ wejxb nevi Ae¯’v m„wó n‡q‡Q|

1.7.3 ¯’vbxq ch©v‡q Rjevqy Awf‡hvRb Kg©m~wP cwiexÿ‡Yi †KŠkj¯’vbxqfv‡e bvMwiK mgv‡Ri cÖZ¨ÿ AskMÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g ’vbxq ch©v‡q Rjevqy Znwe‡ji Aax‡b A_ev miKv‡ii RvZxq cwiKíbvi Aax‡b me ai‡Yi Dbœqb cÖK‡íi Dci gwbUwis ev cwiexÿY Kg©m~wP cwiPvjbv Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|

miKvi I Dbœqb mn‡hvwM‡ì A_©vq‡b ev¯ÍevwqZ cÖKí¸‡jv gwbUwis Kivi †ÿ‡Î iv‡óªi KvVv‡gvMZ `ye©jZvi (we‡klZ Z_¨ cÖ`v‡bi †ÿ‡Î) _vKvq Dbœqb cÖKímg~‡ni Dci miKvwi cwiexÿ‡bi djvdj †Kvb mgqB Rbm¤§y‡L cÖKvk cvq bv, ‡h Kvi‡Y cÖKí MÖnY I ev¯Íevq‡bi ci Zvi djvdj AwaKvsk †ÿ‡Î Rb¯^v‡_©i wecix‡Z P‡j hvq| ZvB ¯’vbxqfv‡e cÖKí cwiexÿY Kiv cÖ‡qvRb Ges ¯’vbxqfv‡e Rjevqy Znwej / Dbœqb cÖKí wPwýZ Kivi ci Ges Gme cÖK‡íi †hme welq we‡ePbvq Avbv cÖ‡qvRbt

cÖKí cÖYqb, ev¯Íevq‡bi †Kvb †Kvb ch©v‡q RbM‡Yi AskMÖnY cÖ‡qvRb wQj Ges Zv Kiv n‡q‡Q wKbv?

cÖKí ev¯Íevq‡bi d‡j Kviv myweav cv‡e Ges †Kvb †Kvb Rb‡Mvôx ÿwZMÖ¯’ n‡e,Zv‡ì ÿwZcyiY I cybe©vm‡b miKvi †Kv‡bv ev¯ÍewfwËK †KŠkj MÖnY K‡i‡Q wKbv?

cÖKí ev¯Íevq‡bi d‡j cwi‡e‡ki Dci wK ai‡Yi cÖfve co‡Z cv‡i?

ebf~wg, Rjvf~wg I K…wlRwgi †Kvb ai‡Yi cwieZ©b n‡”Q ev n‡Z cv‡i? Gi d‡j mvaviY `wi`ª gvby‡li RxebhvÎvq †Kv‡bv ÿwZ n‡”Q ev n‡Z cv‡i wK?

M„wnZ cÖK‡íi Avw_©K LvZ¸‡jv wK wK? cÖKí ev¯Íevqb ch©v‡q †Kvb †Kvb †ÿ‡Î Avw_©K yb©xwZ n‡Z cv‡i Ges Kviv GBme `yb©xwZi mv‡_ RwoZ n‡Z cv‡i?

cÖK‡íi wewfbœ Kg©m~wPi Avw_©K eivÏ cÖ‡qvR‡bi Zzjbvq †ewk bv Kg? ev‡R‡Ui g‡a¨ wK †Kv‡bv AcPq †`Lv hv‡”Q?

cÖKí ev¯Íevq‡bi AMÖMwZ, djvdj I cÖfve m¤ú‡K© Z_¨ cÖ`v‡bi mywbw`©ó †Kv‡bv bxwZgvjv ev †KŠkj Av‡Q wK? ¯^”QZv I Revew`wnZvi †ÿ‡Î †Kv‡bv NvUwZ †`Lv hv‡”Q wK?

†K me‡P‡q wecbœ?

hviv Rjevqy ¯úl©KvZi cÖvK…wZK m¤ú` Ges K…wl I grm¨ cÖwZ‡ek Gi Dci AwaKZi wbf©ikxj. 50% wek¦ Lv`¨ Drcv`b bvixiv K‡i evsjv‡`‡k 60% K…wl kªwgK n‡jv bvix

hviv kn‡ii ew¯Í Ges eb¨vcÖeY GjvKv¸‡jv‡Z evm K‡i †hLv‡b Rjevqy RwbZ `~‡h©v‡Mi AwaKZi m¤¢vebv _v‡K| mviv we‡k¦ Drcvw`Z Lv`¨ c‡Yï gvÎ 10% †fvM K‡i bvixiv 90% cvwievwiK Avq bvix KZ©„K AwR©Z nq cyiæ‡li †P‡q bvixiv cÖvq 4 ¸b †ekx cwigv‡b †hŠb wbh©vZ‡bi SuywKi g‡a¨ _v‡K

Rjevqy cwieZ©bRwbZ cÖvK…wZK `~‡h©v‡Mi †ÿ‡Î hv‡ì Rbkw³, A_©kw³ Ges cÖvwZôvwbK w`K mÿgZv †Zgb †bB|

hviv GjvKv †_‡K ¯’vbvšÍwiZ n‡q‡Q Zv‡ì 75% n‡jv bvix mšÍvb Rb¥ w`‡Z wM‡q cÖwZ jv‡L 1000 Rb bvix gviv hvq


AeKvVv‡gv‡Z AwfMg¨Zvt ‡h‡Kvb `y‡h©vM AvswkK aKj, ‡mUv KL‡bvB GKwU kw³kvjx KwgDwbwU‡K G‡Kev‡i aŸs‡ki ØvicÖv‡šÍ ùvo Kivq bv| KwgDwbwUi `y‡h©vM †gvKv‡ejvq cÖ¯‘wZ, `y‡h©vM SuywK n«vmKi‡Yi mÿgZv, `y‡h©vMKvjxb (mvB‡K¬vb, eb¨v, R‡jv”Q¡vm) AvkÖq‡K‡›`ªi eë¯’v _vKv, cwieZ©‡bi mv‡_ Lvc LvB‡q euvPvi mÿgZv _vKvi welq¸‡jv KwgDwbwUi AvswkK aKj KvwU‡q DVvi wbqvgK wnmv‡e we‡ewPZ nq| RxweKvi my‡hvM I A_©‰bwZK ÿgZvqbt m¤ú`, †mev, Drcv`b, evRvi eë¯’v, miKvwi I †emiKvwi Lv‡Z Rb‡Mvôxi ev KwgDwbwUi SuywKgy³ AwfMg¨Zv Ges †mev I m¤ú` AvniY Ges evRvi eë¯’vq AskMÖn‡bi mÿgZv¸‡jv‡K Rb‡Mvôxi ev KwgDwbwUi RxweKvi my‡hvM I A_©‰bwZK ÿgZvq‡bi wbqvgK wnmv‡e we‡ePbv Kiv nq| Kvh©Ki cÖvwZôvwbK kvmbeë¯’vt ¯’vbxq Rb‡Mvôxi Av_©-mvgvwRK Dbœq‡bi j‡ÿ¨ cÖkvmwbK we‡K›`ªxKiY Ges RbcÖkvm‡b Rb‡Mvôxi mnR AwfMg¨Zv‡K Kvh©Ki cÖvwZôvwbK kvmb eë¯’vi wbqvgK wnmv‡e we‡ePbv Kiv nq| Rb‡Mvôxi †UKmB Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ we‡Kw›`ªf~Z kvmb eë¯’v cÖ‡qvRb, wKš‘ivR‰bwZK mw`”Q¡v Qvov GiKg we‡Kw›`ªf~Z cÖvwZôvwbK kvmbeë¯’v AR©b m¤¢e bq|

2.3 Rjevqy Awf‡hvRb I NvZmwnòz Rb‡MvôxRjevqy cwieZ©bRwbZ `y‡h©vM SzuwK †gvKv‡ejv Ges NvZmwnòz Rb‡Mvôx MVb Ki‡Z n‡j `y‡h©vM SuywK n«vm Kvh©μ‡gi cwiwPZ Ávb I AwfÁZv‡K Rjevqy Awf‡hvR‡bi mv‡_ m¤ú„³ K‡i mgwš^Z SzuwK eë¯’vcbv Kvh©μg MÖnY Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi ¯^í‡gqv`x I xN©‡gqv`x cÖfve I cÖwZwμqv i‡q‡Q, Ab¨w`‡K y‡h©v‡Mi SzuwK ^í‡gqv`x| g~jZt NvZmwnòzZv ej‡Z ^í‡gqv`x y‡h©v‡Mi SzuwK ev aKj Kwg‡q Avbv, aKj wbqš¿Y Kivi gva¨‡g c~e©ve¯’vq wd‡i Avmvi Kg©KvÛ¸‡jv‡K †evSvq, A_©vr NvZmwnòzZv n‡jv Lvc LvB‡q †bqvi †KŠkj (Coping Mechanism), hv `y‡h©v‡Mi SzuwK‡K ¯^í‡gqv‡` †gvKvwejv Kivi †KŠkj| NvZmwnòzZvi welq¸‡jv h‡ZvUv e¨w³ ev cwiev‡ii †ÿ‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨, wVK Z‡ZvUv Rb‡Mvôxi Rb¨ cÖ‡hvR¨ bq| Ab¨w`‡K Rjevqy Awf‡hvRbI GKcÖKvi Lvc LvB‡q †bqvi †KŠkj, hv Rjevqy cwieZ©bRwbZ SzuwKi ¯’vqx I `xN©‡gqv`x ‡KŠkj| GwU ïaygvÎ e¨w³ ev cwievi ev KwgDwbwU ev Rb‡Mvôxi †ÿ‡Î mgvbfv‡e cÖ‡hvR¨|

Lvc LvB‡q †bqvi †KŠkj wK?hvi gva¨‡g †Kvb Rb‡Mvôx ev msMVb †h †Kvb `y‡h©vM NUbv ev cÖwμqvq D™¢zZ A¯^vfvweK AhvwPZ cÖwZK~j cwiw¯’wZ †gvKv‡ejvq mdjZv jv‡fi Rb¨ we`¨gvb m¤ú` I my‡hvM¸‡jv‡K mwVKfv‡e Kv‡R jvMvq, Zv‡K Lvc LvB‡q †bqvi †KŠkj ejv nq|

Rjevqy Awf‡hvRb wK?

‡h c×wZ‡Z gvbyl Rjevqy cwieZ©bRwbZ cÖfve I cÖwZwμqvq (f~c„ô I mgy`ªc„‡ôi ZvcgvÎv e„w×, e„wócv‡Zi ZviZg¨) A¯^vfvweK I cÖwZK~j cwiw¯’wZ (jeYv³Zv, Liv, AKvj eb¨v, R‡jv”Qvm BZ¨vw`) ‡gvKv‡ejvq mdjZv jv‡fi Rb¨ ¯’vbxq Ávb I AwfÁZvi Av‡jv‡K weÁvb I cÖhyw³i eënv‡ii gva¨‡g cwiewZ©Z cwiw¯’wZi mv‡_ Lvc LvB‡q †bqvi †KŠkj D™¢veb K‡i, †mB c×wZ¸‡jv‡K Rjevqy Awf‡hvRb ejv nq|

2.1 NvZmwnòzZv NvZmwnòzZvi gbt¯ÍvwZ¡K msÁvq ejv n‡q‡Q, aKj †gvKvwejv Ges aK‡ji cÖfve KvwU‡q wU‡K _vKvi mvg_©¨‡K NvZmwnòzZv e‡j| Avevi †fŠZ I cÖ‡KŠkj we`¨vi msÁvq f~K¤úbRwbZ NvZ mwnòzZv †hgb ÿwZMÖ¯’ n‡j Zvi cÖfve Ges cybt¯’vcb mgq Kwg‡q Avbvi eë¯’v‡K NvZ mwnòzZv ejv n‡q‡Q| K‡c©v‡iU I eëmvq NvZmwnòzZv n‡”Q, D‡`¨v³vi SuywK eë¯’vcbv hv †KŠkjMZ I eëmv cwiKíbvi AšÍ©MZ| NvZmwnòzZv‡K msÁvwqZ Ki‡Z wM‡q mvgvwRK cÖwZ‡ek we`¨v Avevi gvbyl, cÖK…wZ I mgvR‡K AšÍ©fz³ K‡i|

NvZmwnòzZvi mv‡_ Awf‡hvR‡bi mÿgZvi m¤úK© we`¨gvb| †h ÿgZve‡j ev †h c×wZ‡Z gvbyl ev mgvR ev KwgDwbwU `y‡h©v‡Mi ÿq-ÿwZ, djvdj I m¤¢ve¨ myweav¸‡jv‡K AR©b Kivi gva¨‡g `y‡h©v‡Mi cÖfve¸‡jv‡K mgš^q Ki‡Z cv‡i, Zv‡K Awf‡hvR‡bi ÿgZv ejv nq| (Adaptive capacity is the ability of a system, society or community to adjust to climate by modarating harm, managing consequences, and exploiting benefits)|

KwgDwbwUi NvZ mwnòzZvi msÁvt†Kv‡bv KwgDwbwUi Avc‡ì SuywK Kwg‡q Avbvi mvgvwRK ÿgZv, y‡h©vMKvjxb ÿwZKviK djvdj wbqš¿Y Kivi ÿgZv, mvgvwRK Aw¯’iZv Kwg‡q Avbv I c~e©ve¯’vq wd‡i Avmvi Kg©KvÛ cwiPvjbv Kivi ÿgZv Ges ewnivMZ aKj gvwb‡q ‡bqvi Rb¨ `jMZ ev mvgvwRK mvg_©¨ _vK‡j †mB KwgDwbwU‡K NvZmwnòz KwgDwbwU ejv nq| g~jZt NvZmwnòz KwgDwbwU GKwU Dchy³ Ges w¯’wZ¯’vcK mgvR eë¯’v hvi AwbwðZ cwiw¯’wZ‡K gvwb‡q ‡bqvi mÿgZv _v‡K|

2.2 NvZmwnòzZvi wbqvgKmg~nGKwU Rb‡Mvôxi g‡a¨ ev KwgDwbwU‡Z wb‡¤œv³ wbqvg‡Ki m¤¢vi NU‡j †mB KwgDwbwU NvZmwnòz KwgDwbwU wnmv‡e M‡o I‡V| NvZmwnòz KwgDwbwU wnmv‡e M‡o IVvi wbqvgKmg~nt

kw³kvjx mvgvwRK cuywR t wbwÏ©ó cÖwZ‡e‡k wewfbœ Kvh©vejx m¤úv`b Ki‡Z mÿg êwPÎ¨gq Rb‡Mvôx, Av_©mvgvwRK Ae¯’v wbwe©‡k‡l wewfbœ Rb‡Mvôxi mv‡_ m¤úK©, KwgDwbwUi g‡a¨ mvgvwRK I A_©‰bwZK mvg¨Zv I b¨vqwePvi, mvgvwRK g~j¨‡eva Ges e¨w³i Ávb I fSwgKv‡K KwgDwbwUi mvgvwRK c~uwR wnmv‡e we‡ePbv Kiv nq| gvbe c~uwRt †UKmB Ávb I cwiKíbv cÖYqY Ges cÖkgY cÖKí ev¯Íevq‡bi `ÿZv I ÿgZvm¤úbœ I m¤ú` msMÖn I ¯’vbxq Ávbmg„× Rb‡Mvôx, hviv KwgDwbwU‡K NvZmwnòz wnmv‡e M‡o Zzj‡Z Pjgvb cÖwμqvq AskMÖnY Ki‡Z mÿg, Zv‡ì‡K KwgDwbwUi gvbec~uwR wnmv‡e we‡ePbv Kiv nq|

NvZmwnòz KwgDwbwUi êwkô¨t

Avc‡ì SuywK Kwg‡q Avbvi mvgvwRK ÿgZv| y‡h©vMKvjxb ÿwZKviK djvdj wbqš¿Y Kivi ÿgZv| mvgwRK Aw¯’iZv Kwg‡q Avbv Ges c~e©ve¯’vq wd‡i Avmvi Kg©KvÛ cwiPvjbvi ÿgZv| ewnivMZ aKj gvwb‡q †bqvi Rb¨ `jMZ ev mvgvwRK mvg_©¨|


wØZxq Aa¨vqNvZmwnòz KwgDwbwU MVb

hvi gva¨‡g †Kvb Rb‡Mvôx ev msMVb †h †Kvb `y‡h©vM NUbv ev cÖwμqvq D™¢zZ A¯^vfvweK AhvwPZ cÖwZK~j cwiw¯’wZ †gvKv‡ejvq mdjZv jv‡fi Rb¨ we`¨gvb m¤ú` I my‡hvM¸‡jv‡K mwVKfv‡e Kv‡R jvMvq, Zv‡K Lvc LvB‡q †bqvi †KŠkj ejv nq|

‡h c×wZ‡Z gvbyl Rjevqy cwieZ©bRwbZ cÖfve I cÖwZwμqvq (f~c„ô I mgy`ªc„‡ôi ZvcgvÎv e„w×, e„wócv‡Zi ZviZg¨) A¯^vfvweK I cÖwZK~j cwiw¯’wZ (jeYv³Zv, Liv, AKvj eb¨v, R‡jv”Qvm BZ¨vw`) ‡gvKv‡ejvq mdjZv jv‡fi Rb¨ ¯’vbxq Ávb I AwfÁZvi Av‡jv‡K weÁvb I cÖhyw³i eënv‡ii gva¨‡g cwiewZ©Z cwiw¯’wZi mv‡_ Lvc LvB‡q †bqvi †KŠkj D™¢veb K‡i, †mB c×wZ¸‡jv‡K Rjevqy Awf‡hvRb ejv nq|

c×wZ I cÖwμqvMZ ‰emv`„k¨ _vK‡j Rjevqy Awf‡hvRb I y‡h©vM SzuwK eë¯’vcbvi j‡ÿ¨ AwfbœZv we`¨gvb| Rjevqy Awf‡hvRb I y‡h©vM SzuwK eë¯’vcbvi Awfbœ jÿ¨ n‡jvt

Awfbœ GB jÿ¨ AR©b Ki‡Z n‡j eZ©gv‡b ïaygvÎ Rjevqy cwieZ©bRwbZ `y‡h©vM SzuwK †gvKv‡ejv Ges NvZmwnòz Rb‡Mvôx MVb Ki‡Z n‡j `y‡h©vM SuywK n«vm Kvh©μ‡gi cwiwPZ Ávb I AwfÁZv‡K Rjevqy Awf‡hvR‡bi mv‡_ m¤ú„³ K‡i mgwš^Z SzuwK eë¯’vcbv Kvh©μg MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e|

mgwš^Z SzuwK eë¯’vcbvi GB Kvh©μ‡g Ggb GKwU cÖwμqv cÖ‡qvRb (RbAskMÖnY wfwËK `y‡h©vM SuywK eë¯’vcbv) hv‡Z SuywKc~Y© I wec`vcbœ Rb‡Mvôx `y‡h©v‡Mi AvksKv I SzuwK¸‡jv wPwýZ I we‡kølY K‡i mwVK c`‡ÿc MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i, hvi gva¨‡g GKw`‡K †hgb Zv‡ì `y‡h©v‡Mi SzuwK n«vm cvq Avevi `y‡h©v‡Mi SzuwK †gvKv‡ejvq Zv‡ì mvg_©Ï e„w× cvq| GB cÖwμqvi me‡P‡q ¸iæZ¡c~Y© w`K n‡jv, GB Kg©m~wPi wewfbœ ¯Í‡i wm×všÍ †bqvi †ÿ‡Î Rb‡Mvôxi we‡klZ wec`vcbœ Rb‡Mvôxi mwμq AskMÖnY wbwðZ Kiv nq, Ab¨w`‡K A‡cÿvK…Z Kg SuywKc~Y© Rb‡Mvôxi mg_©b I mn‡hvwMZv Av`vq Kiv nq| ïaygvÎ Z…Yg~j Rb‡Mvôx bq, GB cÖwμqvi cy‡iv mdjZv jv‡fi Rb¨ miKvi I ¯’vbxq ch©v‡qi wewfbœ cÖwZwbwa‡ì AskMÖnYI wbwðZ Kiv nq|

2.4 NvZmwnòz RxebhvÎv I Rb‡Mvôxi g‡a¨ NvZmwnòz `ÿZv DbœqYRjevqy cwieZ©b Awf‡hvReb I `y‡h©vM SuywK n«vm eë¯’vcbv DfqB G K_vi ¯^xK…wZ w`‡q‡Q †h, `y‡h©v‡Mi AvNv‡Z `wi`ªivB me©v‡cÿv †ewk ÿwZMÖ¯Í n‡q _v‡K| GwUi Ab¨Zg cÖavb KviY n‡”Q †h, Zv‡ì Rxebavi‡Yi DcKiY¸wji Dci Zviv me©vwaK wbf©ikxj Ges †h DcKiY¸wji eënvi Zv‡ì `y‡h©vM cieZ©xKv‡j c~e©ve¯’vq wd‡i Avmvi kw³ e„w×‡Z mnvqK, †m¸‡jv‡Z Zv‡ì AwaKvi ev AwfMg¨Zv Kg| Avi GwU A_©‰bwZK, mvgvwRK, e¯‘MZ ev cwi‡ekMZ mKj A‡_©B cÖ‡hvR¨| G Kvi‡Y Awf‡hvRb I y‡h©vM SzuwK n«vm Dfq †ÿ‡ÎB `vwi`ª we‡gvPb Ges cÖvK…wZK m¤ú‡ì †UKmB eë¯’vcbv `y‡h©vM I Rjevqy cwieZ©bRwbZ wecbœZv jvN‡ei AZ¨vek¨K Ask|

Rjevqy cwieZ©b I `y‡h©vM cÖwZ‡iv‡a `wi`ª gvby‡li mnbkxjZv ev `y‡h©vM c~e©ve¯’vq wd‡i Avmvi kw³ e„w× Ki‡Z PvB‡j Awf‡hvRb I `y‡h©vM SuywK n«vm eë¯’vcbv Gi wm×všÍ MÖnY cÖwμqvq ¯’vbxq RbM‡Yi AskMÖnY wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e| †mBmv‡_ `vwi`ª we‡gvPb I cÖvK…wZK m¤ú‡ì †UKmB eë¯’vcbvi j‡ÿ¨ ’vbxq Rb‡Mvôxi ÿZv DbœqY NUv‡Z n‡e, †h¸‡jv Zv‡ì‡K NvZmwnòz Rb‡Mvôx wnmv‡e M‡o DV‡Z mnvqZv cÖ`vb Ki‡e|

NvZmwnòz Rb‡Mvôx M‡o †Zvjvi †ÿ‡Î †hme wel‡q (wb‡`©kK) Rb‡Mvôxi `ÿZv DbœqY cÖ‡qvRb, Zv wb‡¤œ Zz‡j aiv n‡jv|

NvZmwnòZvi wb‡`©kKmg~nt

2.5 NvZmwnòz Rb‡Mvôx Kviv?‡h Rb‡Mvôxi ev KwgDwbwUi y‡h©vM SuywK †gvKv‡ejvi Rb¨ wb‡¤œi cÖ¯‘wZmg~n Av‡Q, †mB Rb‡Mvôx‡K NvZmwnòz Rb‡Mvôx wnmv‡e cwiMwYZ Kiv nq| KwgDwbwU ev Rb‡Mvôxi g‡a¨ `y‡h©vM SuywK eë¯’vcbvi j‡ÿ¨ wewfbœ MÖæc ev `j †hgb, bvix `j, wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix `j, QvÎ `j BZ¨vw` MwVZ i‡q‡Q| `y‡h©vM SzuwK †gvKv‡ejvq KwgDwbwUi Kw›U‡RÝx Kg©cwiKíbv ˆZix i‡q‡Q| mgvRwfwËK AvMvg `y‡h©vM mZK©Zv cÖPv‡ii eë¯’v i‡q‡Q| KwgDwbwUi g‡a¨ wewfbœ `ÿZv m¤úbœ †hgb, Su~wK wbiƒcb, D×vi, cÖv_wgK wPwKrmv, ÎvY I c~be©vmb e¨w³eM© Av‡Qb| KwgDwbwU‡Z RxweKvi wbivc` / h_vh_ / weKí Drm Av‡Q| `y‡h©vMKvjxb mg‡q m¤ú‡ì myiÿv cÖ`v‡bi mÿgZv Av‡Q| bvix †bZ…Z¡ Av‡Q Ges bvixi cÖwZ mwnsmZv e‡Üi Kvh©μg Av‡Q| KwgDwbwUi SuywK I SzuwK n«v‡mi †KŠkj m¤ú‡K© Ávb Av‡Q|


`ÿZv Dbœq‡bi welqmg~n

mvgvwRK g~j¨‡eva m„wó

‡UKmB Ávb I cwiKíbv cÖYqY

‰ewPÎ¨gq `ÿ Rb‡Mvôx ‰Zix

bxwZ-wba©viK‡ì mv‡_ AvšÍt m¤úK©

m¤ú` eë¯’vcbv

`y‡h©vMKvjxb AvkÖq‡K›`ª

†mevmg~n

weKí Kg©ms¯’vb

evRvi eë¯’v

cÖvwZôvwbK kvmbeë¯’v

Kvh©vejxi D`vniY

A_©‰bwZK I mvgvwRK mvg¨Zv I b¨vqwePvi wfwËK g~j¨‡eva MVb

`y‡h©vM, wec`vcbœZv, SzuwK I †gvKv‡ejv Kivi †KŠkj Ges cwiKíbv cÖYqb m¤úwK©Z m‡PZbZv I cÖwkÿY

KvVwg¯¿x, Nievwo †givgZKvix, euva wbg©vYKvwi, ivRwg¯¿x, KzwUi wk‡íi cÖwkÿY, K…lK, kÖwgK, B‡jwUªwkqvb

¯’vbxq miKvi, bxwZ wba©viK, ¯’vbxq RbcÖkvm‡bi mv‡_ KvR Kivi `ÿZv Dbœqb

¯’vbxq Rwg, Rj I R½j eë¯’vcbv welqK m‡PZbZv Ges m¤ú‡` cÖ‡ekvwaKvi Av`v‡qi †KŠkj m¤úwK©Z cÖwkÿY

`y‡h©vMKvjxb AvkÖq‡K›`ª eë¯’vcbv Ges wbivc` AvkÖq welqK m‡PZbZv

`y‡h©vMKvjxb miKvwi-‡emiKvwi †mevmg~n m¤ú‡K© m‡PZbZv I †hvMv‡hv‡Mi `ÿZv Ges wbivc` cvwb, cqtwb®‹vkb I ¯^v¯’¨ m¤ú‡K© m‡PZbZv

fvmgvb km¨ Drcv`b, ev¯‘wfUvq km¨ Drcv`b, mvgvwRK ebvqb, KzwUiwk‡í `ÿZv Dbœqb

Drcvw`Z c‡Yï b¨vh¨ g~j¨ cÖvwßi wbðqZv m„wó

cÖkvmwbK we‡K›`ªxKiY m¤úwK©Z aviYv

NvZmwnòz Rb‡Mvôx MVb

Rb‡Mvôxi wec`vcbœZv n«vmKiY

`vwi`ª n«vmKiY I †UKmB Rxeb I RxweKv wbwðZKiY

cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©vM †hgb eb¨v, mvB‡K¬vb, Liv, jeYv³Zv, Rjve×Zv, b`xfvOb BZ¨vw` †gvKv‡ejv KiY

Rb‡Mvôxi `y‡f©vM n«vmKiY

`y‡h©vM SuywK eë¯’vcbv I cÖkgb

Qwe t A·dvg

`wi`ª gvby‡li wecbœZvi KviY ev wbqvgK wnmv‡e GKwU cÂfz‡Ri †KvY ¸‡jv‡K H, S, P, F, N Øviv wPwýZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| GLv‡b, H = gvbe c~uwR, †hgb ¯^v¯’¨, cywó, wkÿv, Ávb I `ÿZv, Kg©ÿgZv, Lvc LvB‡q †bqvi mvg_©¨ BZ¨vw` (Human Capital); S = mvgvwRK c~uwR, †hgb mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hvM, mvgvwRK HwZn¨, cÖ_v (Social Capital); P = ‡fŠZ c~uwR, †hgb AeKvVv‡gv mg~n (Physical Capital); F = Avw_©K c~uwR, †hgb A_© I FY cÖvwßi my‡hvM (Financial Capital) I N = cÖvK…wZK c~uwR, †hgb f~wg I Drcv`b eë¯’v ,cvwb m¤ú`, ebR m¤ú`, Rxe‰ewPÎ¨, cwi‡ekMZ †mev (Natural Capital) ‡K †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q| A_©vr D‡jøwLZ GB wbqvgK ev c~uwR¸‡jvi Afv‡ei Kvi‡Y gvbyl y‡h©v‡Mi mgq wec`vcbœ nq| wec`vcbœZvi Kvi‡YI wi`ª gvby‡li D‡jøwLZ wbqvgK ev c~uwR¸‡jvi Dci cÖfve c‡o wKsev c~uwR¸‡jv n«vm cvq, †hKvi‡Y wec`vcbœZv `wi`ª gvbyl‡K Av‡iv ‡ewk `wi`ª K‡i ‡Zv‡j|

`y‡h©v‡Mi mgq `wi`ª gvby‡li wec`vcbœZv n«vm Ki‡Z n‡j `vwi`ªZvi wbqvgK ev c~uwRmg~‡ni e„w× NUv‡Z n‡e| GRb¨ RvZxq I ¯’vbxq ch©v‡qi bxwZ, cÖwZôvb I cÖwμqv‡K cÖfvweZ (A¨vW‡fv‡Kmx) Ki‡Z Kiv cÖ‡qvRb|

`wi`ª gvby‡li `vwi`ªZvi wbqvgK ev c~uwR mg~‡ni Dbœq‡bi j‡ÿ¨ cwiewZ©Z RvZxq I ¯’vbxq bxwZ, cÖwZôvb I cÖwμqv wfwË K‡i `wi`ª gvby‡li RxebhvÎv (Rxeb I RxweKv) †KŠkj wba©viY Ki‡Z nq, hv‡Z Zv‡ì RxebhvÎvi Dbœqb N‡U| `wi`ª gvby‡li RxebhvÎvi Dbœqb NU‡j gvby‡li `vwi`ªZv `~i nq|

2.6.1 Awf‡hvRb I NvZmwnòz Rb‡Mvôxt †UKmB RxebhvÎv †d«gIqv‡K©i ¸iæZ¡¡Rjevhy cwieZ©b ïaygvÎ ‡giæ AÂ‡ji eid Mjv wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kivi welq bq, eis GwU A‡bK †ewk gvby‡li wec`vcbœZv we‡klZ `wi`ª gvby‡li wec`vcbœZv‡K w`K-wb‡`©k K‡i| Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi Kvi‡Y GKzk kZ‡K ÿzav I `vwi`ªZv e„w× cv‡e|

ZvcgvÎv e„w× I e„wócv‡Zi ZviZ‡gï A_© n‡jv, Lv`¨ Drcv`b e¨vnZ n‡e; hvi d‡j Lv`¨g~j¨ e„w× cv‡e| †gŠmyg ‰ewPÎ¨ ÿwZMÖ¯’ nIqvi Kvi‡Y K…l‡Ki km¨ Drcv`‡bi aviv cwiewZ©Z n‡e, hvi d‡j Lv`¨ Drcv`b I K…l‡Ki Kg©ms¯’vb ÿwZMÖ¯’ n‡e| AvMvgx 2030 mv‡j AvšÍ©RvwZK evRv‡i Lv`¨g~j¨ cÖvq wØ¸Y n‡e, hvi Ab¨Zg KviY wnmv‡e Rjevqy cwieZ©b‡K wPwýZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| Gme Kvi‡Y `wi`ª gvby‡li Rxeb I RxweKv Pig SzuwKi gy‡L co‡e|

Rjevqy cwieZ©b wec`vcbœZv I SzuwKi KviY wnmv‡e †`Lv w`‡j GwU g~jZ gvby‡li m¤ú‡` cÖ‡ekvwaKvi I m¤ú` cÖvwßi my‡hvM‡K AvNvZ K‡i; A_©vr gvby‡li Rxeb I RxweKv‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i I ¯^vfvweK RxebhvÎv e¨vnZ nq| †mKvi‡Y Rjevqyi Awf‡hvRb †KŠkj wba©vi‡Yi ‡ÿ‡Î cÖavb jÿ¨ n‡e, Rjevqy cwieZ©b RwbZ Kvi‡Y D™¢~Z wec`vcbœZv‡K n«vm Kiv Ges `wi`ªZvi g‡a¨ emevmKvwi gvby‡li RxebhvÎv (Livelihoods) ‡K myiÿv cÖ`vb I cÖmvwiZ (To sustain and enhance) Kiv| `wi`ª gvby‡li RxebhvÎv‡K myiÿv cÖ`vb I cÖmvwiZ Ki‡Yi †ÿ‡Î A_©‰bwZK I RxweKvi weKí ‡ÿÎmg~n Lyu‡R †ei Kivi Kg©m~wP (Economic and Livelihoods Diversification) MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e|

Rjevqy Awf‡hvR‡bi †KŠkj wba©vi‡Yi †ÿ‡Î ‡h welq¸‡jv‡K ¸iæZ¡ cÖ`vb Ki‡Z n‡e, †m¸‡jv n‡jvt

2.6.2 Awf‡hvRb mÿgZv cwigvcB‡Zvg‡a¨ Avgiv `vwi`ªZv‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i Ggb 5wU c~uwRÕi (gvbe c~uwR, mvgvwRK c~uwR, †fŠZ c~uwR, Avw_©K c~uwR I cÖvK…wZK c~uwR) ev m¤ú‡ì K_v †R‡bwQ| Avevi wewfbœ AÂ‡j †hgb Liv AÂj, DcK~jxq AÂj, eb¨v cÖeY AÂj, b`x fvO‡bi AÂj, nvIo AÂ‡j emevmiZ gvby‡li RxebhvÎvq cv_©K¨ Av‡Q, A_©vr AÂj¸‡jvi gvbyl‡ì g‡a¨ D‡jøwLZ c~uwR¸‡jvi cÖvc¨Zvi n«vm-e„w× Av‡Q, hv Zv‡ì

¯’vbxq Avc`gy³ wbivc` evm¯’vb Av‡Q| SuywK cÖkgb I SzuwK KvwU‡q DVvi Rb¨ m¤ú‡` cÖ‡ekvwaKvi i‡q‡Q| ‡fŠZ AeKvVv‡gv †hgb, iv¯Ív, we`y¨r, †dvb, wK¬wbK, cÖvK…wZK m¤ú`, mvB‡K¬vb †m›Uvi BZ¨vw`‡Z cÖ‡ekvwaKvi wbwðZ i‡q‡Q| ¯’vbxq miKvi, ¯’vbxq ch©v‡qi miKvwi Kg©KZ©v, GbwRI I gvbweK Kg©m~wP‡Z wb‡qvwRZ ms¯’vmg~‡ni mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM i‡q‡Q| ¯’vbxq I RvZxq ch©v‡q bxwZ cÖfvweZ Kivi mÿgZv i‡q‡Q| ‡UKmB RxebhvÎvi 5wU c~uwR AR©‡b ¯’vbxq cÖwZôvbmg~‡ni mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM i‡q‡Q| KwgDwbwUwfwËK ms¯’v i‡q‡Q, hv‡ì y‡h©vM SuywK †gvKv‡ejvq wbR¯^ D‡`¨vM MÖnY I †h‡Kvb evav‡K AwZμg Kivi mÿgZv i‡q‡Q|

2.6 ‡UKmB RxebhvÎv †d«gIqvK©© ‡UKmB RxebhvÎv Kg©KvVv‡gv (Sustainable Livelihoods Framework) `vwi`ªZv I `vwi`ªZv gyw³i Rb¨ gvby‡li we‡klZ `wi`ª gvby‡li mÿgZv (Human Capabilities) I m¤ú` (Assests and Resources) ‡K we‡ePbv K‡i, A_©vr h_vh_ mÿgZv I m¤ú` _vKv mv‡c‡ÿ gvby‡li `wi`ªZv I `vwi`ªZv gy³ nevi mÿgZv wePvi Kiv hvq| m¤ú` wnmv‡e f~wg I Ab¨vb¨ m¤ú`, Avw_©K c~uwR I FY, Drcv`‡bi ‡ÿ‡Î hš¿cvwZ I miÄvgvw` BZ¨vw`‡Z cÖ‡ekvwaKvi (Access) ‡K †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q|

m¤ú` I Ab¨vb¨ m¤ú‡` cÖ‡ekvwaKvi ej‡Z Rwg Av‡Q wKbv wKsev μq Kiv my‡hvM I mvg_©¨ Av‡Q wKbv; Lvj-wej-Rjvkq-eb-R½j BZ¨vw` eënvi Kivi my‡hvM Av‡Q wKbv BZ¨vw`‡K †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q|

Avw_©K m¤ú‡` cÖ‡ekvwaKvi ej‡Z cÖ‡qvR‡b A_©ms¯’vb Kivi mvg_©¨ Av‡Q wKbv ev A_©ms¯’vb Kivi mvg©_¨ bv _vK‡j Avw_©K cÖwZôvb (e¨vsK, GbwRI) †_‡K FY cÖvwßi my‡hvM I mvg_©¨ Av‡Q wKbv; Drcv`b Kivi Rb¨ hš¿cvwZ, miÄvgvw` I `ªe¨vw` †hgb K…wli †ÿ‡Î Pvl‡hvM¨ Rwg, Rwg Pv‡li hš¿ - Uªv±i ev jvOj, †Rvqvj I Miæ, †m‡Pi Rb¨ cvIqvi wUjvi ev b`x, cyKzi, Lvwo, Rjvkq †_‡K cvwb †Zvjvi eë¯’v; miÄvg I `ªe¨vw` †hgb mvi, †Zj, KxUbvkK, gvovB hš¿ ev gvovB Kivi eë¯’v mÿgZv ej‡Z cwiev‡ii m`m¨‡ì Ávb I `ÿZv Ges mvgvwRK I ivR‰bwZK `ÿZv †hgb we`¨gvb evRvi eë¯’vq μq-weμq I ‡mevi †ÿ‡Î b¨vh¨ I me©vwaK djvdj cÖvwßi ìKlvKwli `ÿZv I my‡hvM‡K †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q| ‡UKmB RxebhvÎv †d«gIqvK© ev G‡cÖv‡Pi ywU cÖavb Ask i‡q‡Qt GwU `vwi`ªZvi KviY ev wbqvgK m¤ú‡K© aviYv cÖ`vb K‡i; GwU GKwU bxwZgvjv hv `vwi`ªZv‡K AwZμg Kivi Rb¨ wKQz Kvh©μg wb‡`©k K‡i|

‡UKmB RxebhvÎvi †d«gIqv‡K©i GKwU wPÎ Dc‡i Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q, ‡hLv‡b gvby‡li cÖavbZg wec`vcbœZv¸‡jv‡K (Vulnerability Context) wPwýZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| gvby‡li cÖavbZg wec`vcbœZv¸‡jv n‡jv, AvNvZ (Shocks), mvgwqKZv (Seasonality) A_©vr `y‡h©v‡Mi d‡j gvby‡li g‡a¨ †h mvgwqK wec`vcbœZv †`Lv †`q †m¸‡jv I avivevwnKZvi aiY (Trends) A_©vr wec`vcbœZv wK iƒc aviY Ki‡Z cv‡i|

Vulnerability

Context

Stocks

Seasonality

Trends

Changes

influence

Policies

Institutions

Pracesses

Livelihood

Strategies

Livelihood

Outcomes

H

N

FP

SThe Poor


wec`vcbœ n‡j Rxeb I RxweKvi myiÿvi Rb¨ gvbyl wK c×wZ Aej¤^b K‡i wKsev Aej¤^b Ki‡Z Pvq;

A_©‰bwZK myiÿvi Rb¨ Zviv wK K‡i, wKfv‡e K‡i wKsev wK Ki‡Z Pvq;

`wi`ª gvby‡li RxebhvÎvi myiÿvi Rb¨ ¯’vbxq cÖvK…wZK m¤ú` †hgb Rwg, Rj, R½‡ji ¸iæZ¡;

Ab¨vb¨ me Dcvq †h¸‡jv `wi`ª gvby‡li Rxeb I RxweKv‡K myiÿv cÖ`vb K‡i Ges cÖmvwiZ Ki‡Yi my‡hvM m„wó K‡i|

Qwe t A·dvg

Kg©KvVv‡gv wb‡`©k K‡i| Ab¨w`‡K `y‡h©v‡Mi SuywK †_‡K c~uwR ev m¤ú`¸‡jv‡K myiÿv cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ gvby‡li Awf‡hvRb mÿgZv cÖ‡qvRb nq, A_©vr Awf‡hvRb mÿgZv e„w×i gva¨‡g gvby‡li c~uwR ev m¤ú`¸‡jv‡K y‡h©v‡Mi SuywK ‡_‡K myiÿv cÖ`vb Kiv hvq Ges 5wU mÿgZv AR©‡bi ga¨ w`‡q gvbyl wec`vcbœ Rxeb †_‡K NvZmwnòz Rxe‡b DbœZ n‡Z cv‡i|

`wi`ª gvby‡li wec`vcbœZvi SuywK¸‡jv‡K KvwU‡q I‡V NvZmwnòz RxebhvÎv wbwðZ Kiv Ges NvZmwnòz RxebhvÎv‡K Av‡iv DbœZZi RxebhvÎv ‰Zix KivB Awf‡hvRb mÿgZvi g~j jÿ¨|

2.7 NvZmwnòz Rb‡Mvôx MV‡b KwgDwbwUwfwËK ms¯’v I KwgDwbwUi m`m¨‡ì f~wgKvNvZmwnòz Rb‡Mvôx MVb GKwU Pjgvb cÖwμqv, †hLv‡b KwgDwbwUwfwËK msMVb (wmweI), KwgDwbwUi m`m¨ †hgb bvix, Ziæb, hyeK, †¯^”Qv‡meK‡ì ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv i‡q‡Q|

KwgDwbwUwfwËK msMVY mg~‡ni f‚wgKvt

RxebhvÎv‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i| c~uwR ev m¤ú‡ì n«vm-e„w× N‡U g~jZt wbw`©ó AÂ‡ji gvby‡li Awf‡hvRb mÿgZvi Dci| wewfbœ AÂ‡ji gvby‡li GB Awf‡hvRb mÿgZv‡K cwigvc K‡i Avgiv wbw`©ó AÂ‡ji gvby‡li RxebhvÎvi gvb cwigvc Ki‡Z cvwi|

RxebhvÎv cwigvc Kivi †ÿ‡Î c‡q‡›Ui GKwU †¯‹viKvW© eënvi Kiv nq| GB †¯‹vi Kv‡W© †gvU c‡q›U _v‡K 25| GB ‡¯‹vi KvW© eënvi K‡i AwR©Z c‡q›U 20-25 n‡j Lye D”P gv‡bi, 15-20 n‡j D”P gv‡bi, 10-15 n‡j ga¨g gv‡bi, 05-10 n‡j wb¤œgv‡bi I 0-05 n‡j Lye wb¤œgv‡bi Awf‡hvRb mÿgZv Av‡Q e‡j a‡i †bqv nq|‡UKmB RxebhvÎv †d«gIqvK© `vwi`ªZvi KviY I `vwi`ªZv †_‡K DËi‡Yi (c~uwR ev m¤ú` Dbœq‡bi) j‡ÿ¨ GKwU

Awf‡hvRb mÿgZv

wec`vcbœ RxebhvÎv NvZmwnòz RxebhvÎv DbœZ RxebhvÎv

Awf‡hvRb mÿgZv

`y‡h©vM SzwK`y‡h©vM SzwK


20-25

15-20

10-15

Lye D”P gvb

D”P gvb

ga¨g gvb

D‡`¨vM MÖnY I Pvc cÖ`vbKvwi MÖæc wnmv‡e KvR Ki‡Z cv‡ib; KwgDwbwUi wec`vcbœZv we‡kølY, wba©viY I WKz‡g‡›Uk‡b mnvqZv Ki‡Z cv‡ib; KwgDwbwUi wec`vcbœZv n«vm Ki‡Z cwiKíbvgvwdK Z`wei Ki‡Z cv‡ib; ¯’vbxq DbœqY cwiKíbvi †hLv‡b cÖ‡hvR¨, †mLv‡b Awf‡hvR‡bi welq¸‡jv m¤ú„³KiY; AMÖMwZ cwiexÿY I bxwZ-wba©viKe„›`‡K AewnZ Ki‡Z cv‡ib| Awf‡hvRb mÿgZv m¤úbœ NvZmwnòz Rb‡Mvôx Mo‡Z ¯’vbxq ch©v‡q mÿgZv e„w× cÖwkÿY Av‡qvRb wKsev Av‡qvRb Ki‡Z mnvqZv Ki‡Z cv‡ib|

Awf‡hvR‡bi my‡hvM mgyn ev¯Íevq‡bi †ÿ‡Î †KvbwU bvixi mgvb AskMÖn‡Yi Rb¨ Kvh©Ki, †KvbwU Kvh©Ki bq - GB welq¸‡jv †RÛvi „wófw½ †_‡K hvPvB-evQvB Ki‡Z cv‡ib; M„wnZ mKj Kvh©μg¸‡jv hv‡Z ‡RÛvi evÜe nq, †mRb¨ HKë×fv‡e KvR Ki‡Z cv‡ib; mKj Kvh©μg I Kg©Kv‡Û bvixi AskMÖnY wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ D‡`¨vM MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡ib|

‡gvU AwR©Z †¯‹vi (25 Gi g‡a¨) Awf‡hvRb mÿgZv

bvixi f‚wgKvt

3.1 Rjevqy cwieZ©b I cÖvK…wZK m¤ú`Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi d‡j m¤ú` mxwgZ n‡q hvq Ges m¤ú‡ì Afve †`Lv †`qvi m¤¢vebv e„w× cvq| †hgb, DcK~jxq GjvKvi cvwb jeYv³ nIqvi Kvi‡Y wKsev LivμvšÍ GjvKvq Lvevi cvwb I M„n¯’vwji Kv‡Ri Rb¨ eënv‡ii cvwbi Afve †`Lv †`q| cÖvK…wZK m¤ú` †hgb Rwg, Rj I R½j myô eë¯’vcbvi gva¨‡g ¯’vbxq Rb‡Mvôx G ai‡Yi RjevqyRwbZ cÖwZwμqv n«v‡m ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡Z cv‡i| †hgb, Rwg‡Z ˆRe Dcv`vb e„w× Kivi gva¨‡g f~wg‡Z e„wói cvwb a‡i eë¯’v Kiv hvq; Avevi AwZ I fvix e„wói Kvi‡Y m„ô Rjve×Zv †_‡K km¨‡K iÿvi Rb¨ `ªæZ cvwb Acmvi‡Yi cÖ‡qvRb nq, G‡ÿ‡Î `ªæZ cvwb Acmvi‡Yi Rb¨ bvjv-Lvj-wej ms¯‹vi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i; ebvqb I mvgvwRK ebvqb ¯’vbxq ZvcgvÎv n«vm Ki‡Z cv‡i; ïay ZvB bq GB Kg©m~wP Rb‡Mvôx‡K evowZ Av‡qi my‡hvM K‡i †`q, gvwU‡K f~wgaŸm, eb¨v I fvO‡bi Kej †_‡K gy³ iv‡L Ges Afv‡ei mgq Lv`¨ I R¡vjvbx mieivn K‡i|

ZvB cÖvK…wZK m¤ú` eë¯’vcbvi †ÿ‡Î Rjevqy cwieZ©bRwbZ m¤¢ve¨ wec`vbœZv I SuywK we‡ePbvq †i‡L cÖvK…wZK m¤ú` †hgb Rwg, Rj I R½‡ji eë¯’vcbv I eënvi Ggbfv‡e Ki‡Z n‡e, hv‡Z ¯’vbxq Rb‡Mvôx ev KwgDwbwU cwiewZ©Z cwiw¯’wZi mv‡_ Lvc LvB‡q wb‡Z cv‡i|

3.2 cÖvK…wZK m¤ú` eë¯’vcbv Ges `y‡h©vM SzuwK eë¯’vcbv I Rjevqy Awf‡hvRbRjevqy cwieZ©‡bi d‡j nvIo, wej, my›ìeb Ges e‡i›`ª AÂ‡ji cÖvK…wZK m¤ú` †hgb gvwU, cvwb, grm¨ m¤ú` BZ¨vw` ÿwZMÖ¯’ n‡”Q| d‡j Gme m¤ú‡ì Dci wbf©ikxj Rb‡Mvôxi Rxeb, RxweKv I Kg©ms¯’vb ÿwZMÖ¯’ n‡”Q| †hgb, grm¨ m¤ú‡ì †ÿ‡Î ejv n‡”Q, Af¨šÍixY grm¨ Avni‡Y evsjv‡`k we‡k¦ Z…Zxq ¯’vb AwaKvix †`k| gvQ Pv‡li †ÿ‡Î G‡`‡ki Ae¯’vb cÂg| wKš‘ Rjevqy cwieZ©‡b GB grm¨ Lv‡Zi Dci co‡Q weiƒc cÖfve| e„wócv‡Zi A¯^vfvweK AvPiY, ZvcgvÎv e„w× †`‡ki grm¨ m¤ú‡ì Rb¨ cÖwZK~j Ae¯’vi m„wó K‡i P‡j‡Q cÖwZwbqZ| †gŠmygx e„wócvZ bv nIqvq Ges Amg‡q fvwi e„wócvZ nIqvq gv‡Qi cÖRb‡b bvbvwea mgm¨v n‡”Q, †hgb cÖRb‡bi Dchy³ cwi‡ek bv cvIqvq Ges ZvcgvÎv †ewk _vKvq gvQ K…wÎg cÖRb‡b mvov bv †`qvq cÖRbb e¨vnZ n‡”Q, GRb¨ wWg gv‡Qi kix‡i †kvwlZ n‡q hv‡”Q| we‡klÁiv Rvbvb, ZvcgvÎv 29-30 wWMÖx †mjwmqv‡m †M‡j cvwbi ZvcgvÎv †e‡o hvq, d‡j cvwb‡Z Aw•‡Rb K‡g hvq, Avi Zv‡Z cÖRbbÿg gvQ Aí‡ZB K¬všÍ n‡q c‡o| GgZve¯’vq wW‡gi AveiY cvZjv n‡q hvq| G‡Z mgMÖ †cvbv Drcv`b e¨vnZ nq|

Rjevqy cwieZ©bRwbZ cÖvK…wZK m¤ú` (Rwg, Rj I R½j) ÿwZi SzuwK †gvKv‡ejvq Rjevqy Awf‡hvR‡bi †ÿ‡Î ‡K›`ª †_‡K gvV ch©vq ch©šÍ RvZxq ebbxwZ, grm¨bxwZ, cïm¤ú`bxwZi m‡½ RvZxq K…wlbxwZ I Kvh©μ‡gi mgš^q Kiv welqwUi Dci ¸iæZ¡v‡ivc Kiv cÖ‡qvRb|

3.3 K…wl cÖwZ‡ek AÂjwfwËK cÖvK…wZK m¤ú` eë¯’vcbv

3.3.1 DcK~jxq AÂ‡j `y‡h©vM SzuwK I cÖvK…wZK m¤ú` eë¯’vcbv Ges Rjevqy Awf‡hvRb

‡`kxq †cÖwÿZ we‡ePbvq jeYv³Zv mwnòz DbœZZi km¨ RvZ D™¢veb, wbixÿv I m¤úªmviY Kv‡R AwaKZi cÖ‡Yv`bv Ges A_©vqb Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| A_©vq‡bi †ÿ‡Î hZ †ewk m¤¢e ivóªxq AskMÖnY I eë¯’vcbvq K…lK‡ì AskMÖnY e„w× Ki‡Z n‡e Ges M‡elYvjä dj K…lK‡ì Dc‡hvwM K‡i eënvi Kivi D‡`¨vM MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e| my›ìe‡bi gvQ, cïcvwL, evN, nwiYmn RxeRš‘ I Rxe‰ewPÎ¨ msiÿY Kivi Rb¨ my›ìeb myiÿvi Rb¨ mgwš^Z D‡`¨vM MÖnb Ki‡Z n‡e| bvixevÜe mvB‡K¬vb AvkÖq‡K›`ª M‡o Zzj‡Z n‡e Ges `y‡h©vMKvjxb ¯^v¯’¨, weKí Kg©ms¯’vb I evRvi eë¯’v m¤ú‡K© m‡PZbZv e„w×i c`‡ÿc MÖnb Ki‡Z n‡e|

¯^ZtùzZ© Awf‡hvR‡bi Kg©KvÛ¸‡jv hv‡Z Kvh©Kifv‡e cwiPvwjZ nq, GB welqwU GbwRI‡ì wbwðZ Kiv cÖ‡qvRb; cÖvwZôvwbKfv‡e Awf‡hvRb Kvh©μg¸‡jv hv‡Z cÖZ¨vwkZ djvdj AR©‡bi j‡ÿ¨ cwiKwíZ Dcv‡q ev¯Íevqb Kiv nq, GB wel‡q AMÖMwZ I cwiexÿY Kvh©μg wbwðZ Kiv cÖ‡qvRb; ¯’vbxq ch©v‡q M„wnZ Kvh©μgmg~n ev¯Íevq‡bi mÿgZv ‰Zixi Kvh©μg cwiPvjbv Kiv DwPZ; ‡Kvb Kg©m~wP hw` Awf‡hvR‡bi ¯^í-‡gqvw` I `xN©‡gqv`x djvdj AR©b e¨vnZ ev evavMÖ¯’ nq, Ggb Kg©m~wP¸‡jv wPwýZ Kiv Ges Kg©m~wP¸‡jv‡K Awf‡hvRb mÿgZv m¤úbœ wnmv‡e M‡o Zzj‡Z mn‡hvwMZv cÖ`vb Kiv|


Z…Zxq Aa¨vqcÖvK…wZK m¤ú` eë¯’vcbv I Rjevqy Awf‡hvRb `j ˆZix Ki‡Z cv‡ib| `je×fv‡e ¯’vbxq wec`vcbœZv m¤ú‡K© Ávb I Z_¨fvÛvi M‡o Zzj‡Z Ges

mg„× Kivi D‡`¨vM MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡ib; wec`vcbœZvi †h welq¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© Kg©m~wP MÖnY Kiv cÖ‡qvRb, cwiKwíZ I HKë×fv‡e †m¸‡jv ev¯Íevqb Ki‡Z cv‡ib; ¯’vbxq ch©v‡q wewfbœ cÖK‡íi Kvh©vejx cwiexÿY Ki‡Z cv‡ib; wec`vcbœZvi djvdj Ges avivevwnK Awf‡hvR‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv we‡kølY Ki‡Z cv‡ib|

GbwRI‡ì f‚wgKvt

Ziæb, hyeK I †¯^”Qv‡meK‡ì f‚wgKvt

evsjv‡`k Rjevqy cwieZ©b m¤ú‡K© B‡Zvg‡a¨ KZK¸wj bxwZ msμvšÍ WKz‡g›U ˆZix K‡i‡Q Ges Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi welq¸‡jv Ab¨vb¨ RvZxq bxwZgvjvq AšÍ©fz³ K‡i‡Q| Rjevqy cwieZ©b msμvšÍ RvZxq bxwZgvjv¸‡jv n‡jvt

wfkb 2021 miKvi wfkb 2021 bvgK xN©‡gqv`x RvZxq cwiKíbv cÖYqb K‡i‡Q, †hLv‡b cwiKwíZ Awfevmb, Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi ÿwZKi cÖfve‡K †gvKv‡ejv I êwk¦K ZvcgvÎv n«vm Kivi Kvh©Ki D‡`¨vM MÖn‡Yi K_v e¨³ Kiv n‡q‡Q|

cwi‡cÖwÿZ cwiKíbv wb‡`©kbv (Outline Perspective Plan)evsjv‡`k m¤úªwZ wek¦e¨vs‡Ki Pv‡c cÖYxZ `vwi`ª `~ixKi‡Yi †KŠkjcÎ (wcAviGmwc) evwZj K‡i‡Q Ges ‡`‡ki Pvwn`v I cÖ‡qvR‡bi bxwi‡L RvZxq cwi‡cÖwÿZ cwiKíbv cÖYqb Kivi D‡`¨vM MÖnY K‡i‡Q, hv 2010 mv‡j cÖavbgš¿xi `ßi †_‡K Aby‡gv`b Kiv n‡q‡Q| cwi‡cÖwÿZ cwiKíbvq miKv‡ii DbœqY welqK ivR‰bwZK w`K-wb‡`©kbv cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q| cwi‡cÖwÿZ cwiKíbvq Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi cÖfve †gvKv‡ejvq LvZwfwËK cwiKíbv cÖYq‡bi Dci ¸iæZ¡v‡ivc Kiv n‡q‡Q|

lô cÂevwl©K cwiKíbv (2011-2015)cÖe„w× I `vwi`ª `~ixKi‡Yi j‡ÿ¨ LvZwfwËK bxwZ-cwiKíbv, †KŠkjMZ wb‡`©kbv I Kg©m~wP AšÍ©fz³ K‡i B‡Zvg‡a¨ lô cÂevwl©K cwiKíbv (2011-2015) cÖYqb K‡i‡Q| cÂevwl©K cwiKíbvq Rjevqy cwieZ©b wel‡q ¸iæZ¡c~Y© bxwZ-cwiKíbv I †KŠkjMZ w`K-wb‡`©kbv cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q‡Q|

Ab¨vb¨ LvZwfwËK RvZxq bxwZ-cwiKíbvtLvZwfwËK RvZxq bxwZ-cwiKíbv †hgb K…wlbxwZ, ebbxwZ, wkí bxwZ, y‡h©vM eë¯’vcbv bxwZmn mKj bxwZgvjv¸‡jv‡Z Rjevqy cwieZ©b †gvKv‡ejvi Kg©m~wP I Kg©‡KŠkj AšÍ©fz³ Kiv n‡q‡Q|

msweavbtmsweav‡bi wØZxq Ask (cvU©-2) Òivóª cwiPvjbvi †gŠwjK bxwZmg~nÓ Gi 18 G Aby‡”Q` G ejv n‡q‡Q, Òevsjv‡`‡ki cwi‡ek I Rxe‰ewPÎ¨‡K myiÿv cÖ`vbÓ Gi A½xKvi Kiv n‡q‡Q| A½xKv‡i ejv n‡q‡Q, ÒeZ©gvb I fwel¨Z cÖR‡b¥i Rb¨ ivóª cwi‡e‡ki Dbœqb Ges cÖvK…wZK m¤ú`, Rxe‰ewPÎ¨, Rjvf~wg, eb I eb¨ cÖvYx‡K myiÿv cÖ`vb Ki‡eÓ|

RvZxq Awf‡hvRb Kg©cwiKíbv (National Adaptation Programme of Action - NAPA)miKvi me©cÖ_g 2005 mv‡j Avgv‡ì RvZxq Awf‡hvRb cwiKíbv (b¨vkbvj A¨vWvc‡Ukb cøvb Ae A¨vKkb- bvcv) cÖYqb K‡i| GUv wQj GKwU 10 eQ‡ii cwiKíbv| 10 eQ‡ii H Kg©cwiKíbvq evsjv‡`k wKfv‡e Rjevqy Awf‡hvRb Kg©m~wP ev¯Íevqb Ki‡e, †m wel‡q Kg©m~wP I †KŠkj eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q|

evsjv‡`k Rjevqy cwieZ©b †KŠkjcÎ I Kg©cwiKíbvt2009 mv‡j miKvi Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi weiƒc cÖfve †gvKv‡ejv Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ Awf‡hvRb Ges MÖxYnvDR M¨vm wbM©gY Kgv‡bvi `y‡Uv D‡Ïk¨‡K mvg‡b †i‡L GKwU †KŠkjcÎ ˆZix K‡i| GUv‡K ejv nq evsjv‡`k Rjevqy cwieZ©b †KŠkjcÎ I Kg©cwiKíbv (wewmwmGmGwc)| Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi SuywK †gvKv‡ejvq miKvi I Ab¨vb¨ ms¯’v AvMvgx 10 eQ‡i wK Ki‡e, wKfv‡e Ki‡e Ges †Kv_vq Ki‡e, Zv GB Kg©cwiKíbvq eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q|

evsjv‡`k Rjevqy cwieZ©b †KŠkjcÎ I Kg©cwiKíbvi me¸‡jv KvR‡K 6wU g~j ¯Í‡¤¢ ev wcjv‡i fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q| ¯Í¤¢ ev wcjvi¸‡jv n‡jvt RbM‡Yi Lv`¨ wbivcËv, wbivc` Avevmb, Kg©ms¯’vb I ¯^v¯’¨mn mvgvwRK myiÿv; mgwš^Z `y‡h©vM eë¯’vcbv; DcK~jxq ‡ewieuva, eb¨v wbqš¿Y euva, Nywb©So AvkÖq †K›`ª, wkÿv cÖwZôvb, kn‡ii cvwb wb®‹vkb eë¯’v BZ¨vw` AeKvVv‡gv DbœqY; Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi fwel¨Z SuywK I SuywK †gvKv‡ejvq wK Ki‡Z n‡e Zv wba©viY Kivi Rb¨ M‡elYv I Ávb eë¯’vcbv; c„w_exi Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi SuywK Kgv‡bvq †hb evsjv‡`k f~wgKv ivL‡Z cv‡i †mRb¨ MÖxY nvDR M¨vm wbM©gb Kwg‡q Dbœqb wbwðZ Kiv, Ges miKv‡ii gš¿Yvjq I ßi¸‡jv †hb AvMvgx w`‡b Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi SuywK †gvKv‡ejvq fv‡jvfv‡e KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i GRb¨ mÿgZv e„w×|

`wi`ª gvby‡li Avq e„w×i j‡ÿ¨ kxZKvjxb km¨ I kvK-mewR¡ Drcv`b e„w×i D‡Ï‡k¨ webv g~‡j¨ exR mieivnmn Ab¨vb¨ Drcv`b mn‡hvwMZv cÖ`vb Ki‡Z n‡e| K…wlKvR mnR Kivi j‡ÿ¨ mKj b`x AwZ Riæwi wfwË‡Z Lbb Ki‡Z n‡e Ges ÿwZKi Pi AcmviY Ki‡Z n‡e, hv‡Z b`xi bve¨Zv e„w× cvq| GK dmjx Rwg‡Z †`v-dmjx Rwg‡Z iƒcvšÍ‡ii Kvh©Ki D‡`¨vM MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e| cy‡iv DcK~jRy‡o DcK~jxq meyR †eóbx Kg©m~wPi AvIZvq g¨vb‡MÖvf ebvqb M‡o Zzj‡Z n‡e|

3.3.2 e‡i›`ª AÂ‡j `y‡h©vM SuywK I cÖvK…wZK m¤ú` eë¯’vcbv I Rjevqy Awf‡hvRb e‡i›`ª AÂ‡j f~Mf©¯’ cvwbi ¯Íi wVK ivLvi Rb¨ f~c„ô¯’ cvwbi eënvi e„w× Kivi Rb¨ D‡`¨vM MÖnY Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| e‡i›`ª AÂ‡ji mKj eo b`x Ges G¸‡jvi kvLv-cÖkvLv Ges Lvwomg~n Lbb I ms¯‹v‡ii gva¨‡g cÖvK…wZK cvwb a‡i ivLvi cÖ‡qvRbxq eë¯’v MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e| el©v †gŠmy‡g wecyj cwigvY cvwb kvLv b`x I Lvjmg~‡n euv‡ai mvnv‡h¨ msiÿY Kivi D‡`¨vM MÖnY Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| e‡i›`ª GjvKvi Rb¨ k‡mï Livmwnòz RvZ D™¢veb D™¢veb, wbixÿv I m¤úªmviY Kv‡R AwaKZi cÖ‡Yv`bv Ges A_©vqb Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| A_©vq‡bi †ÿ‡Î hZ †ewk m¤¢e ivóªxq AskMÖnY I eë¯’vcbvq K…lK‡ì AskMÖnY e„w× Ki‡Z n‡e Ges M‡elYvjä dj K…lK‡ì Dc‡hvwM K‡i eënvi Kivi D‡`¨vM MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e|

3.3.3 nvIo AÂ‡j `y‡h©vM Su~wK I cÖvK…wZK m¤ú` eë¯’vcbv I Rjevqy Awf‡hvRb nvIo GjvKvi ga¨w`‡q cÖevwnZ b`x-bvjv ¸‡jvi Lbb Kvh© cwiPvjbv K‡i nvI‡oi cvwbcÖevn ¯^vfvweK †i‡L nvI‡oi gvQ I Rxe‰ewPÎ¨ msiÿ‡bi D‡`¨vM MÖnY Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| nvIo GjvKvi Rb¨ AvMvg dmj Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ we‡kl Rv‡Zi km¨ D™¢veb Ki‡Z n‡e| nvIo GjvKvq †QvU †QvU Wz‡ev euva wbg©vY Kivi gva¨‡g AKvj eb¨vi Kej †_‡K nvIoevwm‡K myiÿv cÖ`v‡bi D‡`¨vM MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e| fvmgvb km¨ I mewR¡Pvl, nuvm cvjb m¤ú‡K© nvIo GjvKvi Awaevmx‡ì mn‡hvwMZv cÖ`vb Ki‡Z n‡e| nvI‡oi †R‡j‡ì gvQ aivi AwaKvi msiÿY Ki‡Z n‡e| nvI‡oi wejyßcÖvq gv‡Qi RvZ¸‡jv‡K iÿv Kivi Kvh©Ki D‡`¨vM MÖnb Ki‡Z n‡e| A‰eafv‡e hÎZÎ nvIo fivU eÜ Ki‡Z n‡e|

3.3.4 Pi GjvKvq `y‡h©vM SuywK I cÖvK…wZK m¤ú` eë¯’vcbv Ges Rjevqy Awf‡hvRb b`xfvO‡bi Kej †_‡K P‡ii Rb‡Mvôx‡K myiÿv cÖ`v‡bi D‡`¨vM MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e| P‡ii g‡a¨ miKvwi I KwgDwbwU wfwËK mvgvwRK ebvqb Kg©m~wP m¤úªmviY Ki‡Z n‡e| P‡ii Awaevmx‡ì weKí K…wleë¯’v M‡o †Zvjvi Rb¨ miKvwi c`‡ÿc MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e| P‡ii Pvicv‡k meyR †eóbx M‡o †Zvjvi j‡ÿ¨ miKvwi I KwgDwbwU wfwËK Kg©m~wP MÖnb Ki‡Z n‡e|

3.3.5 wej GjvKvq `y‡h©vM SuywK I cÖvK…wZK m¤ú` eë¯’vcbv Ges Rjevqy Awf‡hvRb Pjbwe‡j cvwb mieivn wbwðZ Kivi j‡ÿ¨ b`x-bvjv¸‡jv Lbb I ms¯‹vi Ki‡Z n‡e| Pjbwe‡ji gv‡Qi †cvbv msiÿ‡bi Rb¨ miKvwifv‡e D‡`¨vM MÖnb Ki‡Z n‡e| A‰eafv‡e wej `Lj I fivU Kivi Kg©KvÛ eÜ Ki‡Z n‡e| mKj wej I b`x-bvjvq †R‡j‡ì gvQ wkKv‡ii AwaKvi cÖ`vb Ki‡Z n‡e|

3.4 Rjevqy cwieZ©b msμvšÍ RvZxq bxwZ-KvVv‡gvB‡Zvg‡a¨ Avgiv Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi KviY, cÖfve I djvdj m¤ú‡K© †R‡bwQ| Avgiv †`L‡Z †c‡qwQ, Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi Kvi‡Y Avgv‡ì ÿwZ n‡q‡Q e¨vcK, wKš‘ Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi cÖfve †gvKv‡ejvq evsjv‡`‡k cÖhyw³ I Avw_©K mn‡hvwMZv cwigvY Ach©vß, wKš‘ gvby‡li Rxeb I RxweKv †_‡g †bB| HwZnvwmKfv‡e evsjv‡`‡ki gvbyl I cÖwZôvbmg~n Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi RvZxq I AvšÍ©RvwZK ch©v‡q êÁvwbK I ivR‰bwZK mg‡SvZv ˆZix‡Z ¸iæZ¡ c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb K‡i‡Q| A‡bK wel‡q weZ©K I A‰bK¨ _vK‡jI evsjv‡`k G ch©šÍ Rjevqy cwieZ©b RwbZ Ávb I eyw×‡K Kv‡R jvMv‡bv Ges cÖwZôvbmg~‡ni mÿgZv e„w×‡Z A‡bK ¸iæZ¡c~Y© KvR K‡i‡Q|


GB 6wU ¯Í¤¢ ev wcjv‡ii Aax‡b Av‡Q 43wU Kg©m~wP| Kg©m~wP¸‡jvi g‡a¨ Avevi 145wU Kvh©μg ev¯Íevq‡bi cwiKíbv Av‡Q| wb‡¤œi mviYx‡Z evsjv‡`k Rjevqy cwieZ©b †KŠkjcÎ I Kg©cwiKíbvi welqwfwËK Dbœqb ‡KŠkj I Kg©m~wP¸‡jv Zz‡j aiv n‡jv|


Dbœqb †KŠkj mgyn

wU1: Lv`¨ wbivcËv, mvgvwRK myiÿv I ¯^v¯’¨

wU2: mgwš^Z `y‡h©vM eë¯’vcbv

wU3: AeKvVv‡gv Dbœqb

Dbœqb †KŠkj mgyn

wU4 M‡elYv I Ávb eë¯’vcbv

wU5 wbM©gb n«vm I Kve©b mvkÖqx Dbœqb

wU6 mÿgZv I cÖvwZôvwbK kw³ e„w×

Kg©m~wPmg~n

wU1wc1: Rjevqy cÖwZ‡ivaÿg dm‡ji RvZ D™¢ve‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ M‡elYv I weZi‡Yi cÖvwZôvwbK mÿgZv evov‡bv;wU1wc2: Rjevqy cÖwZ‡ivaÿg Pvlvev` c×wZ Dbœqb;wU1wc3: Livi m‡½ Awf‡hvRbwU1wc4: gvrm¨Lv‡Z Awf‡hvRbwU1wc5: cÖvwYm¤ú` Lv‡Z Awf‡hvRbwU1wc6: ¯^v¯’¨Lv‡Z Awf‡hvRbwU1wc7: Rjevqy-wec`vcbœ GjvKv¸‡jv‡Z cvwb I m¨vwb‡Ukb Kg©m~wPwU1wc8: cÖwZ‡ekMZ bvRyK GjvKv¸‡jvq RxweKvq‡bi wbivcËv wbwðZ KivwU1wc9: Av_©mvgvwRKfv‡e SuywKc~Y© Rb‡Mvôxi (bvixmn) mgZvwfwËK I ¯’vwqZ¡kxj Dbœqb wbwðZ Kiv

wU2wc1: eb¨v c~e©vfvm I AvMvg mZK©xKiY-eë¯’vi DbœqbwU2wc2: N~wY©So I R‡jv”Qvm mZK©xKiY-eë¯’vi DbœqbwU2wc3: Rjevqy mwnòzZv evov‡bvi Rb¨ m‡PZbZv e„w× I RbwkÿvwU2wc4: DcvR©b I m¤ú‡ì SuywK eë¯’vcbv

wU3wc1: we`¨gvb eb¨v-euva †givgZ I iÿYv‡eÿY wU3wc2: N~wY©So AvkÖq‡K›`ª †givgZ I iÿYv‡eÿYwU3wc3: we`¨gvb DcK’jxq †cvìvi †givgZ I iÿYv‡eÿYwU3wc4: knivÂ‡ji cvwb wb®‹vkb-eë¯’vi DbœqbwU3wc5: eb¨vi m‡½ Awf‡hvRbwU3wc6: MÖx®§gÛjxq N~wY©So I R‡jv”Qv‡mi m‡½ Awf‡hvRbwU3wc7: b`xkvm‡bi cwiKíbv I bKkv cÖYqb Ges ev¯ÍevqbwU3wU8: b`xLbb I cwj Aegy³Ki‡bi gva¨‡g b`x I Lvj c~Y©¾xe‡bi cwiKíbv, bKkv cÖYqb I ev¯Íevqb

Kg©m~wPmg~n

wwU4wc1 Ávb eë¯’vcbv †K›`ª I Rjevqy cwieZ©b cÖwkÿY †K›`ª ¯’vcbwU4wc2 RvZxq I AvÂwjK ch©v‡q Rjevqy cwieZ©b g‡Wj ˆZixwU4wc3 mgy`ªc„‡ôi D”PZv e„w×i m‡½ Awf‡hvR‡bi Rb¨ cÖv_wgK M‡elYvwU4wc4 cÖwZ‡ekeë¯’v I cÖvY‰ewP‡Îi cwieZ©b I Zvi cÖfve ch©‡eÿYwU4wc5 mvgwóK A_©bxwZ I A_©‰bwZK LvZ¸‡jvi Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi cÖfvewU4wc6 gvivZ¡Kfv‡e ÿwZMÖ¯’ Rb‡Mvôxi Avf¨šÍixb I ivóªmxgvi evB‡i Awfevmb ch©‡eÿY Ges mÿgZv evov‡bvi gva¨‡g bZzb cwi‡e‡k c~be©vm‡b mnvqZvwU4wc7 ch©Ub eë¯’vcbv m¤úwK©Z bvbv wel‡qi Dci cÖfve ch©‡eÿY I AMÖvwaKviwfwËK cwiKíbv ev¯Íevqb

wU5wc1 R¡vjvbx Drcv`b I eënv‡i R¡vjvbxi Kvh©KvwiZv e„w×wU5wc2 M¨vm D‡Ëvjb I gRy` eë¯’vcbvwU5wc3 Kqjv Lwb Dbœqb I Kqjv wfwËK we`y¨r †K›`ª ¯’vcbwU5wc4 bevqb‡hvM¨ R¡vjvbx DbœqbwU5wc5 K…wlRwg †_‡K wbM©gb n«vmwU5wc6 bMi eR¨ eë¯’vcbvwU5wc7 Ebvqb I cybe©vmb Kg©m~wPwU5wc8 R¡vjvbx-mvkÖqx DcKi‡Yi `ªæZ m¤úªmviY wU5wc9 cwi‡ekm¤§Z R¡vjvbx I cvwb eënviwU5wc10 cwienb Lv‡Z R¡vjvbx eënv‡ii aiY cwieZ©b I wbM©gb n«v‡mi c×wZ cÖeZ©b

wU6wc1 Rjevqy mwnòzZv AR©‡bi Rb¨ Ab¨vb¨ bxwZgvjv ms‡kvabwU6wc2 RvZxq, LvZwfwËK I mvgwMÖK Dbœqb Kg©m~wP‡Z Rjevqy cwieZ©b g~javivKiYwU6wc3 gvbe m¤ú‡ì mÿgZv e„w×wU6wc4 Rjevqy cwieZ©b eë¯’vcbvq †RÛvi we‡ePbv e„w×wU6wc5 Rjevqy cwieZ©b eë¯’vcbvq Rb¨ cÖvwZôvwbK mÿgZv e„w×wU6wc6 MYgva¨‡g Rjevqy cwieZ©b g~javivKiY

`vwqZ¡cÖvß gš¿Yvjq

- K…wl gš¿Yvjq- cvwb m¤ú` gš¿Yvjq- grm¨ m¤ú` I cÖvwYm¤ú` gš¿Yvjq- ¯^v¯’¨ I cwievi Kj¨vY gš¿Yvjq- ¯’vbxq miKvi, cjøx Dbœqb I mgevq gš¿Yvjq- Lv`¨ I `y‡h©vM gš¿Yvjq

- cvwbm¤ú` gš¿Yvjq- Lv`¨ I `y‡h©vM eë¯’vcbv gš¿Yvjq- A_© gš¿Yvjq

- cvwb m¤ú` gš¿Yvjq- Lv`¨ I `y‡h©vM eë¯’vcbv gš¿bvjq- ¯’vbxq miKvi, cjøx Dbœqb I mgevq gš¿Yvjq

`vwqZ¡cÖvß gš¿Yvjq

- K…wl gš¿Yvjq- wkí gš¿Yvjq- cÖwZiÿv gš¿Yvjq- ‡bŠcwienb gš¿Yvjq- cwi‡ek I eb gš¿Yvjq- cvwbm¤ú` gš¿Yvjq- we`y¨r, R¡vjvbx I LwbRm¤ú` gš¿Yvjq- ¯^v¯’¨ gš¿Yvjq- ¯’vbxq miKvi, cjøx Dbœqb I mgevq gš¿Yvjq- ‡emvgwiK wegvb PjvPj I ch©Ub gš¿Yvjq

- we`y¨r, R¡vjvbx I LwbRm¤ú` gš¿Yvjq- wkí gš¿Yvjq- K…wl gš¿Yvjq- ¯^v¯’¨ gš¿Yvjq- grm¨ I cÖvwYm¤ú` gš¿Yvjq- cwi‡ek I eb gš¿Yvjq- ¯’vbxq miKvi, cjøx Dbœqb I mgevq gš¿Yvjq- M„nvqb I MYc~Z© gš¿Yvjq

- cwiKíbv Kwgkb- cwi‡ek I eb gš¿Yvjq- gwnjv I wkï welqK gš¿Yvjq- Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM gš¿Yvjq

wØcvwÿK ZnwejDbœqb mn‡hvMx (Development Partners -DPs) Ab¨vb¨ ivóªmg~n Zv‡ì wbR¯^ ivóªxq bxwZi Aax‡b evsjv‡`‡k KZK¸wj Kg©m~wP ev¯Íevqb K‡i _vKzK| BDGm GBW cÖwZeQi 100 wgwjqb Wjvi evsjv‡`‡k Rjevqy welqK cÖKí ev¯Íevq‡b e¨q K‡i| wØcvwÿK Dbœqb mn‡hvMxe„›` evsjv‡`k Dbœqb †dvivg Ges ¯’vbxq civgk©K `j (Local Consultative Group -LCG) Gi Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g GB cÖKí¸‡jv evsjv‡`‡k ev¯Íevqb K‡i _v‡K|

3.6 Rjevqy cwieZ©b msμvšÍ AvšÍ©RvwZK bxwZ-KvVv‡gv

3.6.1 Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi Ici RvwZms‡Ni Kg©KvVv‡gv mb` (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change – UNFCCC)Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi cÖfve m¤ú‡K© weÁvbxiv eûw`b †_‡K mZK©evYx cÖ`vb K‡i Avm‡jI wk‡ívbœZ abx †`k¸‡jv Mv‡qi †Rv‡i Zv A¯^xKvi KiwQj| Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi fqvenZv m¤ú‡K© AvšÍ©RvwZK gn‡j μgea©gvb D‡Ø‡Mi †cÖwÿ‡Z 1988 mv‡j MwVZ nq B›UviMf©v‡g›Uvj c¨v‡bj Ab K¬vB‡gU †PÄ (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change - IPCC)| GB c¨v‡b‡ji 1990 mv‡j cÖKvwkZ cÖ_g cÖwZ‡e`‡b ¯úófv‡e D‡jøL Kiv nq †h, Ae¨vnZfv‡e MÖxY nvDR M¨vm wbM©gY n«vm Kiv m¤¢e bv n‡j c„w_exi cÖvK…wZK wech©q Av‡iv †e‡o hv‡e| AvšÍ©RvwZK ch©v‡q GB mgm¨v‡K †gvKv‡ejv Kivi Rb¨ 1992 mv‡j eªvwR‡ji wiI wW †Rwb‡iv‡Z awiÎx m‡¤§j‡b BDbvB‡UW b¨vkbm †d«gIhvK© Kb‡fbkb Ab K¬vB‡gU †PÄ (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change - UNFCCC) cÖwZôv Kiv nq| c„w_exi cÖvq mKj ‡`kB cieZ©x‡Z GB Kb‡fbkb ¯^vÿi K‡i|

Kb‡fk‡bi AvIZvq wm×všÍ MÖnY Kiv nq †h, mKj wk‡ívbœZ †`k 2000 mv‡ji g‡a¨ Zv‡ì wbR wbR †`‡ki MÖxY nvDR M¨vm wbM©gb 1990 mvj‡K wfwË eQi a‡i Zvi †P‡qI 5% Kwg‡q Avb‡e Ges Dbœkxj †`kmg~n‡K GB mgm¨v †gvKv‡ejvq Avw_©K I KvwiMix mnvqZv cÖ`vb Ki‡e|

cieZ©x‡Z †`Lv †Mj †h, mK‡j A½xKvi iÿv K‡iwb, MÖxY nvDR M¨v‡mi wbM©gb †e‡oB P‡j‡Q| d‡j 1997 mv‡j Rvcv‡bi wK‡qv‡Uv kn‡i mKj wk‡ívbœZ †`kmg~n GKUv wbw`©ó mgqmxgvi wfZ‡i ‡K K‡ZvUv MÖxY nvDR M¨vm Kgv‡e Zv wba©viY K‡i| GB Pzw³ wK‡qv‡Uv cÖ‡UvKj (Kyoto Protocol - KP) bv‡g cwiwPZ| wK‡qv‡Uv cÖ‡UvK‡ji †gqv` wba©viY Kiv n‡qwQj 1997 †_‡K 2012 mvj ch©šÍ Ges wK‡qv‡Uv cÖ‡UvK‡j hy³ivóª ¯^vÿi Kiv n‡Z weiZ wQj|

2007 mv‡j B‡›`vwbqvi evwj Øx‡c mKj m`m¨ mgš^‡q AbywôZ nq BDGbGdwmwmwm Kb‡fk‡bi 13Zg Kbdv‡iÝ Ae cvwU©R () A_©vr 13Zg eVK Ges wK‡qv‡Uv cÖ‡UvK‡ji m`m¨ †`‡ki mgš^‡q Z…Zxq wgwUs Ae cvwU©R ()| GB m‡¤§j‡b mKj m`m¨ ivóª evwj Kg©cwiKíbv (Bali Plan of Action) MÖnY K‡i| evwj Kg©cwiKíbvq,

2012 mvj cieZ©x c`‡ÿc wb‡q m`m¨ †`k¸‡jvi g‡a¨ GKwU Av‡jvPbvi m~ÎcvZ K‡i‡Q Ges 2009 mv‡ji g‡a¨ GKwU Av‡jvPbv mgvß Kivi wm×všÍ wb‡q‡Q| Av‡jvPbv cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ A¨vW nK IqvwK©s MÖæc Ab js Uvg© †KvAcv‡iwUf A¨vKkb MVb K‡i‡Q| Awf‡hvRb Znwej Pvjy Kivi †NvlYv w`‡q‡Q| Av‡jvPbvi welq I cwiwa wba©viY K‡i‡Q, hvi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q - K) wgwU‡Mkb, L) A¨vW‡Ukb, M) cÖhyw³ Dbœqb I n¯ÍvšÍi Ges N) wewb‡qvM I A_©vqb|

2009 mv‡j †Wbgv‡K©i †Kv‡cb‡n‡M‡b AbywôZ 15Zg Kbdv‡iÝ Ae cvwU©R (Conference of Parties - COP) G mKj †`‡ki m¤§wZ‡Z hv‡Z GKwU MÖnY‡hvM¨ AvšÍ©RvwZK Pzw³ ¯^vÿwiZ nq, †m j‡ÿ¨ evwj Kg©cwiKíbv cÖYqb Kiv n‡qwQj| 2009 mv‡j †Kv‡cb‡n‡M‡b AbywôZ 15Zg Kbdv‡iÝ Ae cvwU©R (COP 15) G evsjv‡`k c„w_exi me‡P‡q Rjevqy SzuwKi wec`vcbœ ivóª wnmv‡e wPwýZ n‡qwQj| wKš‘ D³ m‡¤§jb †_‡K Rjevqy Znwej MVb Kivi GKwU †NvlYv Qvov †Zgb †Kvb AMÖMwZ cvIqv hvq wb|

2010 mv‡j †gw•‡Kvi KvbKz‡b AbywôZ 16Zg Kbdv‡iÝ Ae cvwU©R (COP 16)G evsjv‡`kmn c„w_exi mKj Rjevqy cwieZ©bRwbZ AMZ¨v ev¯‘P’¨Z‡ì wel‡q Av‡jvPbv Kivi wm×všÍ MÖnY Kiv nq| †mBmv‡_ MÖxY K¬vB‡gU dvÛ MVb Kivi wm×všÍI MÖnY Kiv nq|

3.5 Rjevqy Znwej Awf‡hvRb I cÖkgb g~j KvR n‡j A_©vqb I cÖhyw³ ev¯Íevq‡bi cÖavb Dcvq| Rjevqy welqK AvšÍ©RvwZK Av‡jvPbvi ïiæ †_‡KB GB `yywU welq g‡bv‡hvM AvKl©Y K‡i‡Q| e¨vcKv‡_© Gi g~jbxwZ¸‡jv LyeB cwi¯‹vi| eZ©gvb Rjevqy cwieZ©b n‡jv HwZnvwmKfv‡e cwðgv I Ab¨vb¨ wk‡ívbœZ †`k¸‡jvi Kve©b wbM©g‡bi dj| G Kvi‡YB ÿwZMÖ¯’ †`k¸‡jvi RvZxq Kg©m~wP ev¯Íevqb hv‡Z Am¤¢e n‡q bv c‡o †m Rb¨ Awf‡hvRb I cÖkgb mswkøó Kg©m~wPi Rb¨ DbœZ †`k¸‡jv‡KB A_©vqb Ki‡Z n‡e| Znwej MV‡bi cÖwμqv wK n‡e †mwU AvšÍ©RvwZK m‡¤§j‡b wba©vwiZ n‡e| Z‡e evsjv‡`k Kvgbv K‡i, GKwU bZzb Avw_©K KvVv‡gvi Aax‡b G Znwej cwiPvwjZ n‡e †hLv‡b Znwej MVb, eivÏ cÖ`vb I weZi‡Yi wel‡q ¯^‡ívbœZ †`k, wR77 cøvm Pxb Ges Ab¨vb¨ †RvU¸‡jv gZvgZ w`‡Z cvi‡e|

Awf‡hvR‡bi mKj Znwej Aby`v‡bi AvKv‡i w`‡Z n‡e| ‡Kbbv wk‡ívbœZ †`k¸‡jvi HwZnvwmKfv‡e Kve©b wbM©gbB Rjevqyi G ai‡Yi cwieZ©‡bi Rb¨ `vqx Ges †m Kvi‡YB G ai‡Yi Awf‡hvR‡bi cÖ‡qvRb n‡q c‡o‡Q| cÖkgb g~jZt R¡vjvbx Drcv`b, weZiY I eënv‡ii cÖhyw³i mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z Ges Kvh©Ki cÖhyw³ me mgqB e¨qeûj| Kvh©Ki cÖhyw³ eënvi K‡i evsjv‡`k hw` MÖxYnvDR M¨vm wbM©gb n«vm Ki‡Z Pvq Z‡e †h AwZwi³ e¨‡qi cÖ‡qvRb n‡e Zv AvšÍ©RvwZK Avw_©K eë¯’vi gva¨‡g cÖ`vb bv Ki‡j evsjv‡`k Zv Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv| myZivs cÖhyw³ msMÖ‡ni Rb¨ AwZwi³ A_© Awf‡hvR‡bi g‡ZvB Aby`vb AvKv‡i w`‡Z n‡e|

eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`k miKvi wbR¯^ A_©vq‡b evsjv‡`k Rjevqy cwieZ©b Uªv÷ Znwej (wewmwmwUGd) Ges `vZv‡ì A_©vq‡b evsjv‡`k Rjevqy cwieZ©b mwnòzZv Znwej (wewmwmAviGd) MVb K‡i‡Q|

evsjv‡`k Rjevqy cwieZ©b Uªv÷ dvÛ (wewmwmwUGd) tevsjv‡`k Rjevqy cwieZ©b Uªv÷ dvÛ (wewmwmwUGd) n‡jv Ggb GKwU Znwej hv RbM‡Yi K‡ii UvKvq Avg‡ì miKvi RvZxq ev‡RU †_‡K eivÏ w`‡q ˆZix K‡i‡Q| 2008-09 A_©eQ‡ii ev‡R‡U 300 †KvwU UvKv, 2009-10 A_©eQ‡i 400 †KvwU UvKv, 2010-11 mv‡j 700 †KvwU UvKv, 2011-12 A_©eQ‡i 700 †KvwU UvKv Ges me©‡kl 2012-13 A_©eQ‡i 400 †KvwU, †gvU 25Õk ‡KvwU UvKv wewmwmwUGd G †`qv n‡q‡Q|

wewmwmwUGd Gi AvIZvq miKvwi ms¯’v I GbwRI‡ì Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi SzuwK †gvKv‡ejv Kivi Rb¨ Znwej †`qvi wm×všÍ †bqv nq| G ch©šÍ 18wU miKvwi `ßi G dv‡Ûi AvIZvq 44wU cÖKí ev¯Íevqb K‡i‡Q|

evsjv‡`k Rjevqy mwnòzZv Znwej (wewmwmAviGd)tRjevqy cwieZ©‡bi ÿwZ KvwU‡q IVvi Rb¨ Avgv‡ì †`k‡K †hme †`k mnvqZv Ki‡Z Pvq Zv‡ì A_© wb‡q 2008 mv‡j GKwU Znwej MVb Kiv nq| ïiæ‡Z GB Znwe‡ji bvg wQj, gvwë †Wvbvi Uªv÷ dvÛ (GgwWwUGd)| cieZ©x‡Z GB bvg cwieZ©b K‡i evsjv‡`k Rjevqy mwnòzZv Znwej (wewmwmAviGd) Kiv nq|

GB Znwe‡j G ch©šÍ BD‡ivcxq BDwbqb, †WbgvK©, myB‡Wb I hy³ivR¨ †gvU 878 †KvwU UvKv cÖ`vb K‡i‡Q| G Znwej †_‡K DcK’jxq AÂ‡j 100wU NywY©So AvkÖq‡K›`ª wbg©vY I ms¯‹v‡ii D‡`¨vM MÖnb Kiv n‡q‡Q|

eûcvwÿK ZnwejtRjevqy cwieZ©‡bi cÖfve †gvKv‡ejvq miKvi wewfbœ eûcvwÿK ms¯’v †_‡K †QvU AvKv‡ii Znwej msMÖn K‡i‡Q| †hgb,

BDGbGdwmwmwm Gi Aax‡b ¯^‡ívbœZ †`kmg~‡ni Rb¨ Znwej (Least Developed Country Fund - LDCF) †_‡K eb I cwi‡ek gš¿Yvjq †QvU AvKv‡ii Grant Znwej msMÖn K‡i‡Q| wek¦e¨vs‡Ki Rjevqy wewb‡qvM Znwej (Climate Investment Fund - CIF) †_‡K evsjv‡`k miKvi Rjevqy NvZmwnòzZvi Rb¨ cvBjU Kg©m~wP (Pilot Programme for Climate Resilience - PPCR) bvgK Znwej FY wnmv‡e wb‡q Rjevqy NvZmwnòzZvi Rb¨ †KŠkjMZ Kg©m~wP (Strategicf Programme for Climate Resilience - SPCR) ev¯Íevqb K‡i| RvwZmsN Dbœqb Kg©m~wP (BDGbwWwc)i †bZ…‡Z¡ evsjv‡`k miKvi mvwe©K `y‡h©vM eë¯’vcbv Kg©m~wP (Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme - CDMP) bvgK GKwU cÖKí ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨ GKwU eûcvwÿK Grant wb‡q‡Q| Rjevqy Awf‡hvRb Znwejt Gwkqvb Dbœqb e¨vsK (GwWwe) †_‡K Rjevqy Awf‡hvRb welqK Znwej †bqvi D‡`¨vM MÖnY Kiv n‡q‡Q|


‡UKmB Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ GKwU wewfbœg~Lx Avc` †gvKvwejvi †KŠkj MÖnY Kiv Ges y‡h©v‡Mi fqvenZv I cÖv`y©fve / cÖ‡Kvc n«vm Kiv; RvZxq ivRbxwZi bxwZ I AMÖvwaKv‡ii †K‡›`ª y‡h©v‡Mi SuywK‡K ¯’vb †`qv; `y‡h©v‡Mi SzuwK n«vm‡K RvZxq Dbœqb Kg©Kv‡Ûi g~javivq AšÍ©fz³ Kiv; SuywK †gvKvwejvq `y‡h©vMcÖeY †`k¸‡jvi RvZxq mvg_©¨‡K kw³kvjx Kiv; `y‡h©vM SzuwK †gvKvwejvi cÖ¯‘wZ‡Z ch©vß cwigvY wewb‡qvM Kiv; AvμvšÍ Rb‡Mvôx‡K `ªæZ `y‡h©vM †gvKvwejvq mÿg K‡i M‡o Zzj‡Z mykxj mgvR‡K m¤ú„³ Kiv; Kg©KvVv‡gvi ev¯Íevqb‡K Z¡ivwš^Z Kivi gva¨‡g GB wek¦ m‡¤§jb‡K MwZkxj K‡i †Zvjv|

3.6.4 `y‡h©vM n«v‡m AvšÍ©RvwZK †KŠkj (International Strategy for Disaster Reduction)`y‡h©vM n«v‡m AvšÍ©RvwZK †KŠk‡ji jÿ¨ n‡jv cÖvK…wZK Avc`, cÖhyw³MZ I cwi‡ekMZ `y‡h©v‡Mi Kvi‡Y Rb‡Mvôxi mvgvwRK, A_©‰bwZK I cwi‡ekMZ ÿwZ Kgv‡bvi cwiKíbvi mv‡_ †UKmB Dbœq‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxq Ask wnmv‡e `ªæZ `y‡h©v‡Mi ÿwZ KvwU‡q DV‡Z cv‡i, Ggb Rb‡Mvôx ˆZix Kiv|

`y‡h©vM n«v‡m AvšÍ©RvwZK †KŠkj mK‡ji Rb¨ y‡h©vM n«vm Kiv‡Z PviwU D‡Ï‡kï K_v e‡j| †hgbt

SuywK, wec`vcbœZv I `y‡h©vM n«vm m¤ú‡K© aviYv jv‡f wek¦e¨vwc RbM‡Yi m‡PZbZv evov‡bv; `y‡h©vM n«vm bxwZ Ges c`‡ÿcmg~n ev¯Íevqb Ki‡Z RbcÖwZwbwai A½xKvi wbwðZ Kiv; SzuwK n«vm †bUIqvK© evov‡bvmn AvšÍt‡ckv Ges AvšÍtLvZ Askx`vwi‡Z¡ DrmvwnZ Kiv; Ges `y‡h©vM SuywK n«vm m¤ú‡K© êÁvwbK Áv‡bi cwiwa evov‡bv Ges Dbœqb NUv‡bv|

2011 mv‡j `wÿY Avwd«Kvi Wviev‡b AbywôZ 17Zg Kbdv‡iÝ Ae cvwU©R (COP 17) G ˆbivk¨RbK fv‡e wm×všÍ †bqv nq †h, 2020 mvj ch©šÍ MÖxY nvDR M¨vm wbM©gb wKfv‡e Kgv‡bv n‡e, †m wel‡q Avjvc Av‡jvPbv Pj‡e, A_©vr 2020 mvj ch©šÍ MÖxY nvDR M¨vm wbM©gb Kgv‡bvi †Kvb D‡`¨vM MÖnY Kiv n‡e bv|

1992 mv‡j eªvwR‡j AbywôZ awiÎx m‡¤§j‡bi 20 eQi ci m‡¤§j‡bi AMÖMwZ ch©v‡jvPbvi j‡ÿ¨ 2012 mv‡ji Ryb gv‡m eªvwR‡ji wiI wW †Rwb‡iv‡Z cybivq AbywôZ nq wiI cøvm 20 (Rio+ 20) m‡¤§jb| GB m‡¤§jb †_‡KI ˆbivk¨RbKfv‡e †Kvb AMÖMwZ cwijwÿZ nqwb| eis D‡ëvfv‡e abx †`k¸‡jv MÖxY K¬vB‡gU dvÛ, K¬vB‡gU Bb‡fó‡g›U dvÛ MVb Kivi gva¨‡g Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi AwfNvZ †gvKv‡ejvi †KŠkj¸‡jv ev¯Íevq‡bi †ÿ‡Î wKfv‡e evwYwR¨K myweav Av`vq Kiv hv‡e, †m wel‡q Kjv‡KŠkj Luy‡R †ei Ki‡Z Drmvnx n‡q D‡V‡Q| Ab¨w`‡K Dbœqbkxj †`k¸‡jv (bb-A¨v‡b· †`kmg~n) †_‡K evwj Kg©cwiKíbvi Av‡jv‡K Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi AwfNvZ †gvKv‡ejv Kivi Rb¨ abxwek¦ (A¨v‡b· 1 fz³ †`kmg~n ) Gi mv‡_ ìKlvKwl Ki‡Q|

3.6.2 RvwZms‡Ni mn¯ªvã Dbœqb jÿ¨gvÎv (Millennium Development Goals - MDGs)RvwZms‡Ni mn¯ªvã Dbœqb jÿ¨gvÎv (Millennium Development Goals - MDGs) AR©‡bi †KŠkjmg~n †m‡Þ¤î 2000 Gi mn¯ªvã †Nvlbv g~jZt gvbyl‡K wec`vcbœZv †_‡K gy³ Kivi A½xKvi cÖ`vb K‡i‡Q| mn¯ªvã jÿ¨gvÎvq 2015 mv‡ji g‡a¨ AR©b Kivi Rb¨ wb‡¤œv³ AvUwU jÿ¨‡K wPwýZ Kiv n‡q‡Qt

AwZ`vwi`ª I ÿzavZ© gvby‡li msL¨v A‡a©‡K Kwg‡q Avbv; mve©Rbxb cÖv_wgK wkÿv AR©b; ‡RÛvi mgZv‡K DrmvwnZ Kiv Ges bvixi ÿgZvqb‡K Z¡ivwš^Z Kiv; wkï g„Zz¨nvi n«vm Kiv; gvZ…¯^v‡¯’ï DbœwZ Kiv; GBPAvBwf / GBW&m, g¨v‡jwiqv I Ab¨vb¨ msμvgK †ivMmg~n cÖwZ‡iva Kiv; ‡UKmB cwi‡ek wbwðZ Kiv; Ges Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ wek¦e¨vwc Aswk`vwiZ¡ cÖwZôv I m¤úªmviY Kiv|

Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi AwfNv‡Z g~jZt mn¯ªvã Dbœqb jÿ¨gvÎvi me¸‡jv jÿ¨B Kg-‡ewk cÖfvweZ nq| mywbw`©ófv‡e jÿ¨gvÎvi 7 I 8 bs jÿ¨gvÎvwU mivmwi cwi‡ek myiÿv I wek¦ Askx`vwi‡Z¡i mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z weavq, mn¯ªvã Dbœqb jÿ¨gvÎv AR©‡bi †KŠkjmg~n‡K cÖfvweZ Kivi D‡`¨vM MÖnY Kivi gva¨‡g Rjevqy cwieZ©bRwbZ AwfNvZ¸‡jv †gvKv‡ejv Kiv hvq|

m¤úªwZ GgwWwR cøvm (MDGPlus ) bvgK mn¯ªvã Dbœqb jÿ¨gvÎvi 2015 mvj cieZ©x Kg©m~wP wba©vi‡Yi wel‡q †UKmB RxebhvÎv‡K AMÖvwaKvi w`‡q Av‡jvPbv Pj‡Q| Rjevqy cwieZ©bRwbZ AwfNvZ¸‡jv †gvKv‡ejv Kivi j‡ÿ¨ GgwWwR cøvm Gi Av‡jvPbv‡K GwM‡q †bqv †h‡Z cv‡i|

3.6.3 `y‡h©vM n«v‡m wek¦m‡¤§jb (World Conference on Disaster Reduction)RvwZms‡Ni mvavib cwil` `y‡h©vM cÖkg‡bi Dci GKwU wek¦ m‡¤§j‡bi Av‡qvRb K‡i, hv Rvcv‡bi †Kv‡e kn‡ii û‡Mv bv‡g ¯’v‡b 18-20 Rvbyqvwi 2005 Zvwi‡L AbywôZ nq| 1994 mv‡ji B‡qv‡Kvnvgv m‡¤§jb n‡Z y‡h©v‡Mi SuywK n«vm ÿZvi mv‡_ m¤úbœ Kivi †ÿ‡Î AMÖMwZ AR©‡bi Z_¨ msiÿY Kiv Ges cieZ©x `k eQ‡ii Rb¨ Kg©cwiKíbv MÖn‡Yi Rb¨ G m‡¤§j‡bi Av‡qvRb Kiv nq|

G m‡¤§jb †_‡K `y‡h©vM SuywK n«v‡m û‡Mv Kg©KvVv‡gv (2005-2015) cÖYqb Kiv nq Ges m‡¤§j‡b Dcw¯’Z 164wUiI †ewk †`k GB Kg©KvVv‡gv‡Z ¯^xK…wZ cÖ`vb K‡i| GB Kg©KvVv‡gv‡K Hyogo Framework for Action - HFA ejv nq| Kg©KvVv‡gv‡Z ¯^vÿiKvwi †`kmg~n‡K wb‡¤œv³ A½xKvi e¨³ Ki‡Z AvnŸvb Rvbv‡bv nqt

Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi AvšÍ©RvwZK bxwZ-KvVv‡gv ej‡Z Dbœqbkxj ‡`kmg~n (bb-A¨v‡b· †`kmg~n) GLb ch©šÍ wK‡qv‡Uv cÖ‡UvKj Ges evwj Kg©cwiKíbv‡K mvg‡bi w`‡K Zz‡j ai‡Q| ZvB †h‡Kvb AvšÍ©RvwZK m‡¤§j‡b Dbœqbkxj †`k wnmv‡e evsjv‡`k me©`vB wK‡qv‡Uv cÖ‡UvKj I evwj Kg©cwiKíbvi wfwË‡Z AvšÍ©RvwZK ch©v‡q ìKlvKwl I mg‡SvZv ˆZixi Kg©KvÛ Ae¨vnZ †i‡L‡Q|

40I n¨vÛeyK n¨vÛeyK I 41

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wec`vbœZvwec`vcbœZv n‡”Q Rb‡Mvôxi Rb¨ KZ¸wj AvksKvRbK Dcv`vb ev cwiw¯’wZ hv n‡Z cv‡i A_©‰bwZK, mvgvwRK, ivR‰bwZK wKsev †fŠMwjK| Avevi GKB mv‡_ G¸‡jv‡K cÖwZ‡iva Kiv ev †gvKv‡ejv Kivq hLb Rb‡Mvôx Amg_©| myZivs wecbœZvi `ywU w`K i‡q‡Q; GKw`‡K Zv BwZg‡a¨ weivRgvb AvksKvRbK cwiw¯’wZ, Ab¨w`‡K we`¨gvb cwiw¯’wZ †gvKv‡ejvq Rb‡Mvôxi Af¨šÍixY ye©jZv, A`ÿZv I mxgve×Zv|

D`vniY ¯îƒc D‡jøL Kiv hvq, †h me †jvK bxPz Rwg‡Z evm K‡i, eb¨vμvšÍ nIqvi †ÿ‡Î Zviv DuPz Rwg‡Z emevmKvwi‡ì †P‡q †ewk wecbœ| cÖK…Zc‡ÿ wec`vcbœZv wewfbœ wel‡qi Dci wbf©i K‡i| †hgb, mgv‡Ri wewfbœ ¯Í‡ii †jvKR‡bi eqm I ¯^v‡¯’ï Ae¯’v, ¯’vbxq cwi‡ek I cwi”QbœZvi Ae¯’v, evox Ni, feb¸‡jvi ¸Yv¸Y I Ae¯’v, `vwi`ª, wj½, Kv‡Ri my‡hvM, ˆ`wnK AÿgZv BZ¨vw`| Kg Av‡qi †jvK¸‡jv kn‡ii me‡P‡q SuywKc~Y© RvqMv¸‡jv‡Z emevm K‡i KviY Zv‡ì wbivc` (I e¨qeûj) RvqMvq emev‡mi mvg_©¨ †bB| G‡K ejv nq A_©‰bwZK wec`vcbœZv|

wec`vcbœZvi bvbviƒc _vK‡Z cv‡i| wewfbœ Rb‡Mvôx ev e¨w³ GKB y‡h©v‡M mgvbfv‡e wecbœ bvI n‡Z cv‡i| wfbœ wfbœ gvbyl wbwÏ©ó †Kvb wech©q wKsev msK‡U wfbœ wfbœ gvÎvq wecbœ nq| NbNb ev fqven gvÎvi y‡h©v‡Mi Rb¨ bq, wKQz wKQz cwiev‡ii Rxeb I RxweKv G‡ZvUvB wbivcËvnxb I f½yi †h, GgbwK GKwU ¯^ígvÎvi `y‡h©vMI Zv‡ì Kv‡Q fqven wech©q wnmv‡e †`Lv w`‡Z cv‡i| cÖK…Zc‡ÿ GUv wbf©i K‡i `y‡h©v‡Mi gy‡LvgywL nIqvi gvÎv, AwfÁZv Ges cwiw¯’wZ KvwU‡q IVvi `ÿZv ev mvg‡_¨©i Dci|

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A‡cÿvK…Z Kg wec`vcbœ †m±i‡h †Kvb Rb‡Mvôxi A‡cÿvK…Z Kg wec`vcbœ †m±i ej‡Z H Ask‡K †evSvq †h Ask ev hviv †h †Kvb Avc` †gvKv‡ejv Ges `y‡h©v‡Mi c‡i ÿqÿwZ KvwU‡q IVvi †ÿ‡Î Rb‡Mvôxi me©vwaK wec`vcbœ As‡ki †P‡q Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e †ewk mvg_©¨ i‡q‡Q| A‡cÿvK…Z Kg wec`vcbœ †m±i Gi AšÍ©fz³ n‡”Qt wkÿK, †mweKv, cÖwkwÿZ `vB, ÿz`ª eëmvqx, cjøx wPwKrmK, eM©vPvlx BZ¨vw`|

wec`vcbœZv we‡køl‡Y cÖavb we‡eP¨ welq mg~n`y‡h©vM eë¯’vcbvq wecbœZv we‡kølY LyeB ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| GB we‡køl‡Yi †ÿ‡Î †h welq¸‡jv we‡klfv‡e we‡ePbv Ki‡Z nq, †m¸‡jv wb¤œiƒct ‡fŠMwjK Ae¯’v cwi‡e‡ki Ae¯’v AeKvVv‡gvMZ / †fŠZ Ae¯’v Av_©-mvgvwRK Ae¯’v `ÿ / A`ÿ Rbkw³ / Rbej ‡mev cÖ`vbKvwi cÖwZôvb ev eë¯’v mg~n bvix-cyiæl mgZv I wewfbœZv AvPiYMZ / Af¨vmMZ Ae¯’v

4.1 `y‡h©vM, Avc`, wec`vcbœZv I SzuwK

`y‡h©vM

cÖPwjZ g‡Zt

`y‡h©vM Ggb †Kvb Pig NUbv ev cwiw¯’wZ, hv gvbyl I Zvi cvwicvwk¦KZv‡K ÿwZMÖ¯’ K‡i Ges ¯^vfvweK Rxebaviv‡K wec©`¯Í K‡i Ggb ch©v‡q wb‡q hvq; hv ÿwZMÖ¯’ mgv‡Ri c‡ÿ GKKfv‡e †gvKv‡ejv Kiv Kómva¨ ev †ÿÎwe‡k‡l Am¤¢e n‡q c‡o|

cÖK…Zc‡ÿ †Kvb wec©hq ZLbB `y‡h©v‡M cwiYZ nq, hLb †Kvb wbwÏ©ó Rbc‡ì †ewki fvM gvby‡li wec`vcbœZvi gvÎv A‡bK ‡ewk _v‡K Ges gbyl¨m„ó Kvi‡YI wech©‡qi e¨vwß I gvÎv e„w× cvq| A_©vr `y‡h©vM n‡”Q wech©‡qi mv‡_ wec`vcbœZvi ¸wYZK mw¤§jb|

‡hgb GKwU N~wb©So ev Kvj‰ekvLx ev ˆkZ¨cÖevn hLb †Kvb wbwÏ©ó Rbc‡ì Dci w`‡q cÖevwnZ nq ZLb cÖvK…wZK wec©hqwU H Rbc‡ì `wi`ª RbM‡Yi wbKUB cÖavbZ y‡h©vM wnmv‡e Avwef~Z nq| †Kbbv, y‡h©vM g~jZt wec`vcbœZv †_‡K DrcwË jvf K‡i Ges wi`ª gvby‡livB wec`vcbœ Ae¯’vq emevm K‡i Ges H wech©qwU `wi`ª gvby‡li Kv‡Q `y‡h©vM wnmv‡e Avwe©f~Z nq| cÖK…Zc‡ÿ `vwi`ª I wec`vcbœZv cvkvcvwk Ae¯’vb K‡i| Av‡iv D‡jøL¨ †h, †h‡Kvb cÖvK…wZK wech©q hw` ivóª I mgvR KZ…©K h_vh_ Dcv‡q †gvKv‡ejv Kiv bv nq, Zvn‡j H cÖvK…wZK wech©qwU bZzb GKwU `y‡h©vM m„wó Ki‡Z cv‡i|

A_©vr `y‡h©vM n‡”Qt

Avc` X wec`vcbœZv (Avc` X `vwi`ª) = `y‡h©vM

Dc‡iv³ mgxKi‡Yi A_© GB †h, cÖK…wZ‡Z weivRgvb bvbv ai‡Yi Avc‡ì mv‡_ hLb wec`vcbœ gvbyl ¸wYZK mw¤§jb nq ZLbB †m `y‡h©vM AvμvšÍ e‡j we‡ewPZ n‡e|

Avc`, †hgb U‡b©‡Wvi evqycÖevn wKsev b`xi cvwbcÖevn n«vm ev eÜ Kiv hvq bv| wKš‘ gvby‡li wec`vcbœZv n«vm Kiv hvq, GgbwK Zv k~‡bï †KvUvqI bvwg‡q Avbv hvq| †m‡ÿ‡Î mgxKiYwU n‡e wb¤œiƒct

Avc` X 0 wec`vcbœZv = ïaygvÎ Avc`, `y‡h©vM bq| MwY‡Zi fvlvq: 1 X 0 = 0 A_©vr hw` wec`vcbœZv k~‡Yï †KvUvq Avbv hvq, Zvn‡j `y‡h©vM _vK‡e bv|

`y‡h©v‡Mi aiYt`y‡h©vM cÖavbZ `yÕai‡Yi n‡Z cv‡i, †hgb cÖvK…wZK I gvbem„ó|

cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©vM n‡jv cÖK…wZ cÖ`Ë, †hLv‡b gvby‡li †Kvb nvZ _v‡K bv| gvbem„ó `y‡h©vM hv gvbyl wewfbœ mg‡q wewfbœfv‡e NwU‡q _v‡K|


PZz_© Aa¨vq`y‡h©vM SuywK eë¯’vcbv I Rjevqy Awf‡hvRb

D`vniY ¯îƒc, AwZwi³ MvQ KvUvi d‡j gvwU AiwÿZ n‡q c‡o| d‡j gvwU aŸsk ev cvnvo aŸs‡ki g‡Zv NUbv NU‡Z cv‡i| Avevi e„ÿ †ivc‡Yi gva¨‡g f~wgaŸsk ev Liv cÖwZ‡iva Kiv hvq| SuywKc~Y© ¯’v‡b Nievwo ˆZix ev Nievwo ˆZixi ÎæwUc~Y© wbg©vY‰kjx `y‡h©v‡Mi SuywK evovq| Avevi †Kvb GjvKvi †jvKRb hw` `y‡h©vM m¤ú‡K© mRvM _v‡K Ges Zviv hw` Zv †gvKv‡ejvq msMwVZ _v‡K, Z‡e SuywKi gvÎv A‡bK K‡g Av‡m| myZivs †Kvb `y‡h©v‡Mi ZxeªZv †iva I wbe„wË RbM‡Yi m‡PZbZv, `ÿZv I HKë× mvg‡_¨©i Dci wbf©ikxj| AZGe SuywK eë¯’vcbv GKwU c~Y© mgxKiY Avgiv wb¤œiƒ‡c cÖKvk Ki‡Z cvwit

D‡jøL¨, SuywK eë¯’vcbv w¯’wZkxj Dbœqb Kg©KvÛ‡K mnvqZv cÖ`vb K‡i| wewfbœ †ÿ‡Îi y‡h©vM SuywKmg~n‡K wZbfv‡M fvM Kiv hvqt1. †fŠZ ev AeKvVv‡gvMZ SuywK2. mvgvwRK †ÿ‡Î SuywK3. A_©‰bwZK †ÿ‡Î SzuwK

‡fŠZ ev AeKvVv‡gvMZ SzuwKi †ÿ‡Îmg~nNievwo, `vjvb-‡KvUv, iv¯ÍvNvU, moK, †mZz, †ijc_ BZ¨vw`| Rb¸iæZ¡c~Y© ¯’vcbv †hgb we`y¨r‡K›`ª, Lv`¨¸`vg, wegvbe›ì, wkí-KjKviLvbv BZ¨vw`| K…wl‡ÿ‡Î cvwb mieivn ¯’vcbv, cv¤ú †÷kb, myuBP †MU, eb¨v cÖwZiÿv euva BZ¨vw`|

mvgvwRK SzuwKi †ÿÎmg~nwec`vcbœ Rb‡Mvôx, †kÖYx I †ckvi gvbyl, †hgb e„×, gwnjv, wkï, cÖwZeÜx BZ¨vw`| Rxebavi‡Yi Dcvq I DcKiYmg~n, †hgb Kg©ms¯’v‡bi Dcvq, †ckv I Av‡qi Drmmg~n| GQvovI emev‡mi cwi‡ek, SuywK I `vwi‡`ªi m¤úK© msμvšÍ `„wófw½, `y‡h©vM eë¯’vcbvq wb‡qvwRZ cÖwZôvb, †¯^”Qv‡mex I †mevag©x D‡`¨vMmg~n|

A_©‰bwZK SzuwKi †ÿZmg~nA_©‰bwZK SzuwKi †ÿÎmg~n‡K Avevi `yBfv‡M fvM Kiv nq| cwigvc‡hvM¨ ev „k¨gvb ÿwZ Ges c‡ivÿ ev †h ÿwZ cÖZ¨ÿfv‡e cwigvc Kiv hvq bv|

cwigvc‡hvM¨ ev `„k¨gvb ÿwZ¸‡jv‡K A_©‰bwZKfv‡e cwigvc Kiv hvq| cwigvc‡hvM¨ ev „k¨gvb ÿwZ¸‡jv‡K Avevi yBfv‡M fvM Kiv hvq, †hgb cÖZ¨ÿ ÿwZ I c‡ivÿ ÿwZ| cÖZ¨ÿ ÿwZ¸‡jv n‡jv, miKvwi fe‡bi ÿwZ ev aŸsk, emZwfUvi ÿwZ, dmjnvwb, m¤ú`nvwb, cïcvwL ev Miæ-QvM‡ji ÿwZ, grm¨ m¤ú`nvwb, wewfbœ ai‡Yi AeKvVv‡gvi ÿqÿwZ BZ¨vw`| c‡ivÿ ÿwZi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q, w`bgRy‡ii KvR bv cvIqv, eëmv-evwY‡Rï ÿwZ, Riæwi ÎvY I cybe©vm‡b e¨q, Drcv`b DcKi‡Yi ÿwZ, ms¯‹vi I cÖwZ¯’vc‡bi e¨q BZ¨vw`|

AeKvVv‡gvMZ ev ‡fŠZ Ae¯’vAeKvVv‡gvMZ ev †fŠZ Ae¯’v Avevi 3wU w`K we‡køl‡Y wb‡Z nq| G¸‡jv n‡jvt hvZvqvZ I cwienY eë¯’v t iv¯Ív, moK, †ijc_, †mZz, wegvbe›ì, †bŠe›ì BZ¨vw`| ‡mevLvZ mg~nt cvwb mieivn, cqtwb®‹vkb eë¯’v, M¨vm I we y¨r mieivn eë¯’v BZ¨vw`| ‡hvMv‡hvM myweavw`t †Uwj‡dvb, †U‡j·, B›Uvi‡bU BZ¨vw`|

AeKvVv‡gvMZ Ae¯’v we‡køl‡Y evwoNi/ feb, MÖvg I kn‡ii ¯’vcbvmg~n, ¯’vei m¤ú`, dmj, meR¡x, M„ncvwjZ cï I cvwL, grm¨ m¤ú` webó nIqvi AvskKv we‡ePbv Ki‡Z n‡e|

Av_©-mvgvwRK Ae¯’vAv_©-mvgvwRK Ae¯’v we‡køl‡b ‡h mvgvwRK Ae¯’v¸‡jv we‡ePbvq wb‡Z nq, Zv wb¤œiƒct Rb‡Mvôxi me©vwaK wec`vcbœ Ask Rb‡Mvôxi †ckv I Av‡qi Drm `vwi‡`ªï aiY I cÖKvi‡f` SuywK msμvšÍ aviYv / Dcjwä ¯’vbxq ch©v‡q `y‡h©vM eë¯’vcbvi cÖwZôvbmg~n

‡h Rb‡Mvôxi RxweKv SuywKc~Y©, SzuwKc~Y© cwi‡e‡k Kg©iZ, hv‡ì SzuwK msμvšÍ aviYvi Afve Ges `y‡h©vM eë¯’vcbvi †Kvb cÖvwZôvwbK KvVv‡gv †bB, Zv‡K ejv nq Av_© mvgvwRK †ÿ‡Î me©vwaK SuywKc~Y©|

cwi‡ekMZ Ae¯’v we‡ePbve„ÿ wbab, f’Mf©¯’ cvwb `ylb, evqy `ylY, cÖvK…wZK ebvÂj wbab, wek¦e¨vwc Rjevqy cwieZ©b BZ¨vw`|

SzuwKGKKfv‡e wec`vcbœZv ev Avc` Lye fqven nq bv| Z‡e, GB `y‡qi hyMcr Kvi‡Y SuywKi m¤¢vebv Z¡ivwY¦Z nq, Avc`wU ZLb cwibZ nq `y‡h©v‡M| myZivs †Kvb `y‡h©v‡Mi SuywK‡K wb¤œiƒc mgxKi‡Y cÖKvk Kiv hvqt

`y‡h©v‡Mi SuywK = Avc` X wecbœZv

A_©vr `y‡h©v‡Mi m¤¢vebv ev AvksKv A_©vr Avc` wec`vcbœ cwiw¯’wZi ms¯ú‡k© `y‡h©v‡Mi SuywK wnmv‡e †`Lv †`q| SuywK Kgv‡bv ev wbqš¿Y Kiv m¤¢e| hw` Avgiv Avgv‡ì †Pbv Avc` ¸wji Kvi‡Y D™¢zZ wecbœZv I ÿqÿwZ Kwg‡q Avbvi e¨vcv‡i m‡PZb _vwK Ges cwi‡e‡ki cÖwZ hZœkxj nB, Z‡e `y‡h©vM cwiYZ nIqvi Av‡MB Avc` mg~n‡K fvjfv‡e †gvKv‡ejv Ki‡Z cvi‡ev| Avevi GB SuywK mwVKfv‡e †gvKv‡ejv Kiv bv †M‡j fqven `y‡h©v‡Mi Ke‡j wbwðý n‡Z cv‡i e¨vcK GjvKv, Rb‡Mvôx I Zv‡ì m¤ú`|

‡Kvb N~wY©So ev nvwi‡K‡bi g‡Zv Zxeª So hLb mgy‡`ª AvNvZ nv‡b, ZLwb Zv‡K `y‡h©vM wnmv‡e we‡ePbv Kiv nq bv| wKš‘ GwU hLb DcK~jxq GjvKvq AvNvZ †n‡b AiwÿZ I AcÖ¯‘Z DcK~jevwmi AeY©bxq ÿwZi KviY nq Ges RbRxe‡b APjve¯’vi m„wó K‡i ZLbB Zv‡K cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©vM ejv nq|

wb‡¤œi QKwU‡Z Avc`, wec`vcbœZv, SuywK I `y‡h©v‡Mi GKwU cvi¯úwiK m¤úK© jÿ¨ Kiv hvqt

myZivs Dchy³ y‡h©vM †gvKv‡ejv Ki‡Z ‡M‡j g~jZt cÖ‡qvRb `y‡h©v‡Mi SuywK eë¯’vcbvi KvR| SuywK eë¯’vcbv `y‡h©vM cÖwZ‡iva K‡i Ges `y‡h©v‡Mi wbe„wË NUvq| Avgiv B‡”Q Ki‡jI cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©vM eÜ Ki‡Z cvwi bv| Z‡e `y‡h©v‡M ÿwZ ev wec`vcbœZv Kgv‡bvi Rb¨ bvbv iKg AvMvg c`‡ÿc wb‡Z cvwi| Avevi GKwU NUbv‡K `y‡h©v‡M cwiYZ nIqv †_‡K weiZ ivL‡ZI Avgiv wewfbœ AvMvg c`‡ÿc MÖnY Ki‡Z cvwi|

SzuwK =Avc` X wecbœZv

= `y‡hv©‡Mi cÖwZ‡iva wbe„wËRb‡Mvôxi m‡PZbZv, `ÿZv I mvg_© e„w×

Avc` / `y‡h©‡Mi m¤^vebv / AvksKv

`y‡h©vMc~Y© NUbv

SzuwK cwibZ nq

ZxeªZv evo‡j / e„w× †c‡j

djvdj = ` y ‡h © v ‡Mi SzuwK

cÖvK…wZK / gvbem„ó `~‡h©vM- G


wecbœZv t Rb‡Mvôxi, we`¨gvb Av_© mvgvwRK †fŠMwjK cwiw¯’wZ

GKwU RbAskMÖnY wfwËK `y‡h©vM SuywK eë¯’vcbvi bvbv w`K i‡q‡Q| GB cÖwμqv bvbv Dcv`v‡bi GKwU mgwš^Z iƒc ev KvVv‡gv| SuywKi ¯îƒc we‡kølY GB cÖwμqvi †K›`ª ev PvwjKv kw³| GB cÖwμqvi GKw`‡K SuywKi gvÎv I ZxeªZvi ¯îƒc, Ab¨w`‡K _v‡K SuywK n«vmKi‡Y RbM‡Yi cÖ¯‘wZ, m‡PZbZv, `ÿZv I mvg‡_©ï welq¸wj| y‡h©vM eë¯’vcbvi GKwU mgwš^Z iƒc wb‡¤œv³ Q‡K cÖKvk Kiv hvqt

SzuwK eë¯’vcbvi cÖavb 3wU ¯Í¤¢ SzuwK eë¯’vcbv / `y‡h©vM SuywK n«vmKi‡Y ev¯Íeag©x I h‡_vchy³ cwiKíbv cÖYqY RbM‡Yi `ÿZv e„w× (`y‡h©vM n«vmKiY I cÖwZ‡iv‡a) `y‡h©vM SzuwK eë¯’vcbv wel‡q RbM‡Yi m‡PZbZv e„w×|

SuywK eë¯’vcbvi Rb¨ Rb‡Mvôx evQvB Kivi †ÿ‡Î †h welq¸‡jv we‡ePbv Ki‡Z n‡et me©vwaK SuywKc~Y© Rb‡Mvôx SzuwK eë¯’vcbvq hviv / Rb‡Mvôxi †h Ask me‡P‡q †ewk DcK…Z n‡e SuywK eë¯’vcbv Kg©m~wP‡Z RwoZ nIqvi Rb¨ Rb‡Mvôxi cÖ¯‘wZ|

4.3 `y‡h©vM SzuwK eë¯’vcbvt cÖwZ‡iva, cÖkgb I cÖ¯‘wZ

cÖwZ‡iva ev wcÖ‡fbkb`y‡h©vM cÖwZ‡iva ej‡Z †mB Kvh©μ‡gi mgwó‡K eySvq hv GKwU wbwÏ©ó GjvKvq wewfbœ ai‡Yi Avc‡ì †bwZevPK cÖfve m„wó Ki‡Z evav †`q Ges cwi‡ekMZ, KvwiMix Ges ˆRweK `y‡h©v‡Mi cÖfve n«vm K‡i|

mvgvwRK I KvwiMix m¤¢ve¨Zvi Dci wbf©i K‡i Ges e¨q I myweav we‡ePbvq †h‡Kvb `y‡h©vMcÖeY GjvKvq cÖwZ‡ivag~jK Kvh©μ‡gi wewb‡qvM Gi ‡hŠw³KZv wba©viY Kiv hvq| RbM‡Yi m‡PZbZv Ges wkÿv, y‡h©vM SuywK n«v‡mi cwieZ©bkxj GwUPyW Ges AvPiY‡K H Rb‡Mvôxi g‡a¨ `y‡h©vM SuywK n«v‡mi ms¯‹…wZ M‡o †Zv‡j|

‡hmKj ÿwZ cÖZ¨ÿfv‡e ev my®úófv‡e cwigvc Kiv hvq bv, †m¸‡jv n‡jvt Amy¯’Zv, ¯^v¯’¨nvwb, cywónxbZv, gy`ªvùxwZ, g~jë„w×, nZvkv, gb¯ÍvwZ¡K ˆbivk¨ BZ¨vw`|

‰ewk‡ôï w`K †_‡K `y‡h©vM SzuwKmg~n‡K wb‡¤œi K‡qKwU fv‡M fvM Kiv nqt1. Rb¸iæZ¡c~Y© ¯’vcbvi ÿwZ;2. Drcv`b eë¯’vi ÿwZi SzuwK;3. e¨w³MZ evwoN‡ii ÿwZi SuywK;4. e¨w³MZ / cvwievwiK m¤ú`nvwbi SuywK;5. g„Zzï SuywK ev AvnZ nIqvi SuywK|

SuywK wbiƒcb SuywK wbiƒcb n‡”Q Ggb GK c×wZ hvi gva¨‡g m¤¢ve¨ Avc‡ì m¤¢vebv, cÖK…wZ I we¯Ívi wbiƒcb Kiv hvq| GB c×wZ‡Z wec`vcbœZvi eZ©gvb cÖK…wZI wbiƒcb Kiv hvq, hv m¤¢ve¨ Avc‡ì m¤¢vebv m¤ú‡K©I aviYv †`q; wec`vcbœ Rb‡Mvôxi Rxeb, m¤ú`, cwi‡e‡ki Dci m¤¢ve¨ Avc` KZUzKz cÖfve m„wó Ki‡Z mÿg, SuywK wbiƒcb Ggb aviYvI m„wó Ki‡Z mÿg|

4.2 RbAskMÖnY wfwËK `y‡h©vM SuywK eë¯’vcbv Community Based Disaster Management – CBDRM

`y‡h©vM SuywK eë¯’vcbv ej‡Z Ggb GK wbqge× cÖwμqv eySvq, hv cÖvK…wZK Avc` Ges mswkøó cwi‡ekMZ I cÖhyw³MZ `y‡h©v‡Mi cÖfve n«v‡m cÖkvmwbK c`‡ÿc, Acv‡ikbvj `ÿZv, bxwZgvjv cÖ‡qv‡Mi mÿgZv I ‡KŠkj, mgvR I Rb‡Mvôxi Lvc LvIqv‡bvi †KŠkj Kvh©Kiiƒ‡c eënvi Kiv nq|

RbAskMÖnY wfwËK `y‡h©vM eë¯’vcbvi D‡Ïk¨ n‡”Q, wec`vcbœ gvby‡li `y‡h©vM SuywK n«vm Ges Zv‡ì mÿgZv e„w× Kiv, †hb `y‡h©vM SzuwK KewjZ gvbyl †h‡Kvb `y‡h©v‡Mi cÖfve n«vm ev †gvKv‡ejv K‡i D™¢zZ cwiw¯’wZ‡K wb‡R‡ì AbyK~‡j wb‡q Avm‡Z mÿg nq|

GB Kg©m~wPi cÖavb cÖavb w`K¸‡jv n‡”Qt Bnv `y‡h©vM †gvKv‡ejvq gvby‡li we`¨gvb mÿgZv‡K we‡ePbv K‡i Ges Zv kw³kvjx Kivi D‡`¨vM MÖnY K‡i| GB Kg©m~wP gvby‡li wec`vcbœZvi †gŠwjK KviY AbymÜvb K‡i| GB Kg©m~wP `y‡h©vM eë¯’vcbvq gvby‡li AskMÖnY wbwðZ Kivi D‡`¨vM MÖnY K‡i| GB Kg©m~wP `y‡h©vM †gvKv‡ejvq Z…Yg~j ch©v‡q RbmsMVb ˆZix‡Z D‡`¨vM †bq| `y‡h©vM eë¯’vcbv I Dbœqb Kvh©μ‡g GB Kg©m~wP RbM‡Yi me‡P‡q wec`vcbœ As‡ki mv‡_ A‡cÿvK…Z Kg wec`vcbœ As‡ki Askx`vwiZ¡ cÖwZôvi D‡`¨vM MÖnY K‡i|

GwU Ggb GKwU cÖwμqv hv‡Z `y‡h©vM SzuwKc~Y© I wec`vcbœ Rb‡Mvôx `y‡h©v‡Mi AvksKv I SuywK¸‡jv wPwýZ I we‡kølY K‡i mwVK c`‡ÿc wb‡Z cv‡i, hvi gva¨‡g GKw`‡K †hgb Zv‡ì y‡h©v‡Mi SzuwK n«vm cvq Avevi `y‡h©v‡Mi SzuwK †gvKv‡ejvq Zv‡ì mvg_©Ï e„w× cvq| GB cÖwμqvi me‡P‡q ¸iæZ¡c~Y© w`K n‡jv, GB Kg©m~wPi wewfbœ ¯Í‡i wm×všÍ †bqvi †ÿ‡Î Rb‡Mvôxi we‡klZ wec`vcbœ Rb‡Mvôxi mwμq AskMÖnY wbwðZ Kiv nq, Ab¨w`‡K A‡cÿvK…Z Kg SuywKc~Y© Rb‡Mvôxi mg_©b I mn‡hvwMZv Av`vq Kiv nq| ïaygvÎ Z…Yg~j Rb‡Mvôx bq, GB cÖwμqvi cy‡iv mdjZv jv‡fi Rb¨ miKvi I ¯’vbxq ch©v‡qi wewfbœ cÖwZwbwa‡ì AskMÖnYI wbwðZ Kiv nq|

RbAskMÖnY wfwËK `y‡h©vM SuywK eë¯’vcbvi jÿ¨ n‡”Q, `y‡h©vM mnbxq †`‡k `y‡h©vM mnbxq cwi‡e‡k `y‡h©vM mnbxq Rb‡Mvôxi g‡a¨ `y‡h©vM‡K mdjfv‡e cÖwZ‡iva Ki‡Z cv‡i Ggb RbMY ˆZix Kiv| wb‡¤œv³ †ÿ‡Î msKU †gvKv‡ejvi gva¨‡g Zv AR©b Kiv m¤¢et

SzuwK n«vm Kivi Dchy³ eë¯’v MÖn‡bi gva¨‡g Avc` cÖwZ‡iv‡a e¨_©Zvi m¤¢vebv Kwg‡q; msKU ev SuywKi djvdj Kwg‡q G‡b A_©vr ¯^í msL¨K cÖvYnvwb, mvgvb¨ AvNvZcÖvwß, cÖZ¨ÿ I c‡ivÿ ÿqÿwZ n«vm Kivi gva¨‡g; cybe©vmb ev c~b©MV‡b cÖjw¤^Z mgq Kwg‡q; wec`vcbœZvi aiY cv‡ë w`‡q, hv c~b©MVY cÖwμqvi ga¨ w`‡q m„wó n‡Z cv‡i|

we`¨gvb wecbœZv I mvg_© we‡kølb

SzuwKi ¯îƒc we‡kølb(Risk Analysis)

AvMvg / c~e© mZKx©Kib

Rb‡Mvôxi m‡PZbZv e„w×

ev¯Íeag©x c`‡ÿc MÖnb t* cÖ¯‘wZ, cÖwZKvi* AvMvg mZK©xKiY eë¯’v MÖnb* cwi‡ek eë¯’vcbv* f‚wg eënvi cwiKíbv MÖnb* mn‡hvwMZv, HKë×Zv m„wó* A_©vqb / Avw_©K mn‡hvwMZv* `vwi`ª n«vmKiY

eRb‡Mvôxi `ÿZv e„w× bxwZ wba©viY,AvBb cÖbqb, RbM‡bi Rb¨ Dbœqb cwiKíbv

Riæix Îvb I cyb©vmb †_‡K cÖvß Z_¨vw`

Avc` we‡kølb I

cixexÿb


3q ch©vqt `y‡h©v‡Mi ci cwieZ©b I Lvc LvIqv‡bvi (`xN©‡gqv`x c~be©vmb) ch©vq`y‡h©vM msNwUZ nIqvi ci cÖwZ‡iv‡ai aiY ev êwkô¨t Ggb GKwU RbwfwËK c~Y©MVb cwiKíbv ˆZix Kiv cÖ‡qvRb hv mvgvwRK, AeKvVv‡gvMZ, A_©‰bwZK I cwi‡ekMZ cybe©vmb aviYv‡K mgwš^Z K‡i; Av‡qi m¤¢ve¨ LvZ m„wói `„wófw½ †_‡K Ges wkÿYxq AwfÁZvi Av‡jv‡K AeKvVv‡gvMZ cyb©MVb cÖwμqv‡K †`Lv cÖ‡qvRb; RbMY hv‡Z Lvc LvB‡q wb‡Z cv‡i, Ggb eë¯’v MÖnY; ¯’vbxq ch©v‡qi A_©bxwZ cyb©iæ¾xe‡bi Rb¨ hveZxq †KbvKvUv (cybe©vm‡bi Rb¨) ¯’vbxq evRvi †_‡K Kiv DwPZ; `y‡h©vM †gvKv‡ejvq cÖ¯‘Z Rb‡Mvôx‡K g~j¨vqY Kiv DwPZ, hv‡Z cyb©MVb ev cybe©vm‡bi Rb¨ wK wK Ki‡Z n‡e, Zv Zviv wb‡RivB wm×všÍ wb‡Z cv‡i; cybe©vmb‡K GwM‡q †bqvi mv‡_ mv‡_ fwel¨Z wecbœZv‡K Kwg‡q Avbvi c`‡ÿc MÖnY Kiv DwPZ|

4.5 `y‡h©vM †gvKvwejvq cÖ¯‘Z Rb‡Mvôxi Kvh©vejxi ZvwjKv ev †PKwjóUNISDR ‡_‡K Avgiv †R‡bwQ, `y‡h©vM †gvKvwejvq cÖ¯‘Z Rb‡Mvôxi wK wK êwkô¨ _vKv cÖ‡qvRb| êwkô¨¸‡jv AR©‡bi Rb¨ GKwU KwgDwbwUi wbiwew”Qbœ cÖ‡Póvi Ask wnmv‡e SuywK eë¯’vcbvi mywbw`©ó I mgwš^Z Kvh©μg _vKv evÂbxq, hv ¯’vbxq Rb‡Mvôx‡K μgvš^‡q SuywK eë¯’vcbvq mÿg K‡i †Zv‡j| ¯’vbxq Rb‡Mvôx mvavibZ Zv‡ì wK ai‡Yi Kvh©μg MÖnY Kiv DwPZ, Zv Zviv wb‡RivB wVK K‡i ‡bq; Z‡e evsjv‡`‡ki Rb¨ `y‡h©vM SzuwK eë¯’vcbvq wb‡¤œv³ Kvh©μg¸‡jv `y‡h©vM †gvKvwejvq ¯’vbxq Rb‡Mvôx‡K μgvš^‡q `y‡h©vM eë¯’vcbvq `ÿ K‡i †Zv‡jt

cÖkgb ev wgwU‡MkbwgwU‡Mkb ej‡Z ‡mBme Kvh©μ‡gi mgwó‡K eySvq hv cÖvK…wZK Avc`, cwi‡ekMZ wech©q Ges cÖhyw³MZ Avc` ‡_‡K D™¢zZ cÖwZK~j cÖfve `yi Ki‡Z mnvqK|

cÖ¯‘wZcÖ¯‘wZ ej‡Z ‡mB mg¯Í Kvh©μ‡gi mgwó‡K eySvq hv wec`vcbœ Rb‡Mvôxi SuywK n«v‡m mnvqK nq| G ai‡Yi Kvh©μg `y‡h©vM SzuwK cÖeY GjvKvi gvbyl Ges cÖwZôvb `y‡h©v‡Mi c~‡e©B MÖnY K‡i _v‡K| cÖ¯‘wZg~jK Kvh©μ‡gi g‡a¨ AvMvg mZK©xKiY, gvbe I m¤ú` mwi‡q †bqvi (BfvKz‡qkb) cwiKíbv, m¤ú` mgv‡ek I msiÿY, cvwievwiK cÖ¯‘wZ, mvsMVwbK I cÖvwZôvwbK cÖ¯‘wZ Ges mswkøó bxwZgvjv cÖYqb, `y‡h©vM cÖ¯‘wZ gnov, cÖwkÿY I m‡PZbZvg~jK Kvh©μg D‡jøL‡hvM¨|

4.4 `y‡h©vM †gvKv‡ejvq cÖ¯‘Z Rb‡Mvôx ev wcÖ‡cqvW© KwgDwbwU`y‡h©vM †gvKv‡ejvq cÖ¯‘Z Rb‡Mvôx ev wcÖ‡cqvW© KwgDwbwU ej‡Z Avgiv †mB Rb‡Mvôx‡K eywS, hv‡ì g‡a¨ Ggb wKQz êwkô¨ we`¨gvb _v‡K, hvi d‡j †h †Kvb `y‡h©v‡M Zv‡ì mvov †`qvi mÿgZv A‡bK †ewk _v‡K Ges Zviv ÿqÿwZi cwigvY Kgv‡Z mg_©¨ nq|

UNISDR Gi g‡Z, GKwU `y‡h©vM cÖwZ‡ivaÿg Rb‡Mvôx Zv‡KB ejv hvq, hvi wb‡¤œv³ 3wU †ÿ‡Î mywbw`©ó `ÿZv ev mvg_©¨ i‡q‡Qt1gt Avc`RwbZ cÖfv‡ei ZxeªZv n«vm Kivi `ÿZv, hv‡Z Avc`¸‡jv y‡h©v‡M cwiYZ bv nq (e¨_©Zvi m¤¢vebv Kwg‡q Avbv;2qt `y‡h©vMKvjxb I `y‡h©vM cieZ©x cwiw¯’wZ `ÿfv‡e †gvKvwejvi mvg_©¨ (e¨_©Zvi djvdj Kwg‡q Avbv);3qt `y‡h©vM cieZ©x mg‡q cwieZ©b I Lvc LvIqv‡bvi mvg_¨© (&GBfv‡e cybe©vmb I wecbœZvi aiY cvëv‡bvi Rb¨ mgq Kwg‡q Avbv)|

1g ch©vq t `y‡h©vM-c~e© eë¯’v Avc`RwbZ cÖfv‡ei ZxeªZv n«vm Kivi `ÿZv, hv‡Z Avc`¸‡jv y‡h©v‡M cwiYZ bv nq

GB ch©v‡q Ggb c_ Luy‡R †ei Ki‡Z n‡e, hv‡Z Rb‡Mvôx kw³kvjx I mvnmx _v‡K Ges y‡h©v‡Mi djvdj I cÖfve m¤ú‡K© Kg AvZswKZ _v‡K|

Avc`RwbZ cÖfv‡ei ZxeªZv n«vm Kivi Dcvq ev y‡h©vM msMwVZ nIqvi Av‡M †hme c`‡ÿc MÖnY Avc`RwbZ cÖfv‡ei ZxeªZv n«vm K‡i, ‡m¸‡jv wb‡¤œ Zz‡j aiv n‡jvt HwZn¨MZ AwfÁZv I mg„× Ávb‡K Kv‡R jvwM‡q (`y‡h©v‡M Lvc LvIqv‡bvi †KŠkj); Riæwi cwiw¯’wZ †gvKv‡ejv mvgMÖx gRy` M‡o †Zvjvi gva¨‡g m¤¢ve¨ y‡h©vM †gvKv‡ejvi Rb¨ ˆZix n‡q; cvwievwiK I †Mvôxe× `y‡h©vM cwiKíbv Ges Lvc LvIqv‡bvi bvbv ai‡Yi eënvwiK †KŠkj Aej¤^b K‡i, †hgb evwoNi

gReyZ K‡i, ìRv-Rvbvjv `gKv-S‡ov nvIqv †_‡K iÿvi Rb¨ gReyZ Kiv BZ¨vw`; cÖv_wgK wPwKrmv msμvšÍ wel‡q cÖwkÿ‡bi eë¯’v K‡i; fqven N~wY©So ev eb¨v msNwUZ nIqvi Av‡MB Rb‡Mvôx‡K A¯’vqxfv‡e wbivc` AvkÖ‡q mwi‡q †bqvi gva¨‡g; Awbivc` I wbivcËvnxb ¯’vb¸‡jv †_‡K mwi‡q SuywKc~Y© Rb‡Mvôxi ¯’vqx Avevm‡bi eë¯’v MÖnY Kivi gva¨‡g|

2q ch©vqt `y‡h©vMKvjxb I `y‡h©vM cieZ©x cwiw¯’wZ `ÿfv‡e †gvKv‡ejvi mvg_©¨`y‡h©vMKv‡j ev `y‡h©vM cieZ©x mg‡q cÖwZ‡iv‡ai aiY ev êwkô¨t `y‡h©vM Kv‡j I `y‡h©vM cieZ©x mg‡q Rb‡Mvôx Lvc LvIqvq †hfv‡et Zv‡ì Rb‡Mvôxi mvg‡_¨©i Dci wbf©i K‡i; eZ©gv‡b Zv‡ì wK Av‡Q Avi wK †bB, †mB wnmve we‡ePbvq wb‡q; mvnvh¨ weZi‡Yi Rb¨ †hvMv‡hvM eë¯’v c~bt¯’vcb K‡i; fwel¨Z SuywK (gb¯Ívw¯ÍK I Ab¨vb¨ SzuwKmn) cÖkwgZ K‡i; ‡fŠZ cybe©vm‡b m¤¢ve¨ Av‡qi Drm ‰Zixi gva¨‡g; ‡MvUv AwfÁZv‡K GKwU wkÿbxq cÖwμqv wnmv‡e ¯^xKvi K‡i wb‡q|


ev¯Íevqb cÖwμqv

- m‡PZbZvi welq wba©viY;- Awfó Rb‡Mvôx wba©viY;- m‡PZbZv cÖ`vb cÖwμqv (cÖwkÿY, Iwi‡q‡›Ukb, mfv, DVvb‰eVK BZ¨vw`);- m‡PZbZv welqK DcKiY (wjd‡jU, †cvóvi, wej‡evW© BZ¨vw`) Dbœqb, weZiY I cÖPvi

- Awfó Rb‡Mvôx (cÖwkÿYv_©x) wbe©vPb;- cÖwkÿK wbe©vPb;- g¨vbyqvj ev gwWDj Ges †mkb cwiKíbv cÖYqb;- wba©vwiZ mgq I ¯’v‡b cÖwkÿY Av‡qvRb

- Awfó Rb‡Mvôx (cÖwkÿYv_©x) wbe©vPb;- cÖwkÿK wbe©vPb;- g¨vbyqvj ev gwWDj Ges †mkb cwiKíbv cÖYqb;- wba©vwiZ mgq I ¯’v‡b cÖwkÿY Av‡qvRb

- Rb‡Mvôxi mwμq AskMÖn‡bi gva¨‡g cÖwZwbwaZ¡kxj `y‡h©vM eë¯’vcbv KwgwU MVb;- `y‡h©vM eë¯’vcbv KwgwUi `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨ wba©viY;- wbqwgZ mfv AbywôZ Kiv I wm×všÍ ev¯Íevqb Kiv;- `y‡h©vM SzuwK †gvKvwejvq cÖ¯‘wZ I mwμq AskMÖnY

- Kvh©μ‡g mwμq AskMÖn‡bi gva¨‡g †¯^”Qv‡mex `j MVb;- `‡ji `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨ wb©aviY;- wbwÏ©ó mgq AšÍi (1 eQi) `‡ji m`m¨ ZvwjKv bevqb;- `‡ji m`m¨‡ì Rb¨ cÖwkÿY Av‡qvRb;- `y‡h©vM cÖ¯‘wZ I eë¯’vcbvq mwμq AskMÖnY

D‡Ïk¨

`y‡h©vM msμvšÍ cÖ_vMZ Kz„ms¯‹vi `yi Kiv Ges `y‡h©vM m¤ú‡K© m‡PZbZv evov‡bvi gva¨‡g Rb‡Mvôxi g‡a¨ `y‡h©vM cÖ¯‘wZ I mÿgZv evov‡bv

Rb‡Mvôxi `y‡h©vM SuywK mbv³KiY, we‡kølY I eë¯’vcbv msμvšÍ mÿgZv e„w× Kiv

`wi`ª wec`vcbœ Rb‡Mvôxi A_©‰bwZK wec`vcbœZv‡K n«vm Kiv Ges Rxeb I RxweKvi gvb Dbœqb Kiv

y‡h©vM c~e© cÖ ‘wZ I y‡h©vM eë ’vcbvi Rb¨ cÖvwZôvwbK KvVv‡gv ˆZix Kiv Ges y‡h©vM SuywK n«vm Kiv

y‡h©vM-c~e©, y‡h©vMKvjxbI y‡h©vM cieZ©x mg‡q cÖ ‘wZ, mZK©Zv, AbymÜvb, D×vi, Îvb I cybe©vmb Kvh©μ‡g AskMÖnY

cÖ¯‘wZ m~PK ev êwkô¨

`y‡h©vM SuywK m¤ú‡K© MYm‡PbZv

`y‡h©vM SzuwK eë¯’vcbv cÖwkÿY cwiPvjbv

RxweKv Dbœqb cÖwkÿY

`y‡h©vM eë¯’vcbv KwgwU MVb

‡¯^”Qv‡mex `j MVb

μwgK

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μwgK

6

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13

ev¯Íevqb cÖwμqv

- Rb‡Mvôxi mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv K‡i cÖwkÿYv_©x wbe©vPb (‡PÄ G‡R›U);- cÖwkÿK wbe©vPb;- g¨vbyqvj ev gwWDj Ges †mkb cwiKíbv cÖYqb;- wba©vwiZ mgq I ¯’v‡b cÖwkÿY Av‡qvRb- cÖwkwÿZ ‡PÄ G‡R›U KZ©„K wbwÏó †mev cÖ`vb I Ab¨vb¨‡ì Drmvn cÖ`vb;- ‡PÄ G‡R›U Rb‡Mvôxi Pvwn`v †gUv‡Z mÿg wKbv, Zv Z`viwK Kiv

- AvMvg ms‡KZ I mZK©Zv, AbymÜvb, D×vi I cÖv_wgK wPwKrmvi Rb¨ Avjv`v Avjv`v †¯^”Qv‡mex `j MVb Kiv;- c„_K c„_K `‡ji Rb¨ mswkøó wel‡q cÖwkÿY Av‡qvRb Kiv;- cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKiY I miÄvgvw` mieivn;- cÖ‡qvRbxq I Riæwi g~û‡Z© †mev cÖ`vb

- miÄvg I DcKiY wbe©vPb;- miÄvg I DcKiY μq;- gRy`KiY I iÿbv‡eÿY;- cÖ‡qvRbxq I Riæwi gyû‡Z© eënvi Kiv

- Riæwi fvÛv‡ii Rb¨ Ni ev ¯’vcbv wbe©vPb;- Riæwi fvÛvi eë¯’vcbv KwgwU MVb I `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨ wba©viY;- cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKiY μq ev msMÖn;- DcKiY ev miÄvgvw` h_vh_ cÖwμqvq gRy`KiY I iÿYv‡eÿb;- ÷K †iwR÷vi msiÿY;- mywbwÏ©ó e¨w³‡K fvÛvi cwiPvjbvi `vwqZ¡ Ac©Y;- cÖ‡qvRb I Riæwi g~û‡Z© eënvi Kiv

- cÖKí ev¯Íevqb KwgwU MVb;- AvkÖq‡K‡›`ªi Rb¨ Rwg wbe©vPb;- Kv‡Ri wewbg‡q Lv`¨ Kg©m~wPi gva¨‡g AvkÖq‡K›`ª wbg©vY;- AvkÖq‡K›`ª eë¯’vcbv KwgwU MVb;- `y‡h©vMKvjxb mg‡q AvkÖqMÖnYKvwi Rb‡Mvôxi wbivcËv cÖ`vb, Lv`¨,wbivc` cvwb, cqwb¯‹vkb Gi eë¯’v MÖnY;- AvkÖq‡K‡›`ªi iÿYv‡eÿY I eûg~Lx eënvi wbwðZ Kiv

- me©¯Í‡ii cÖwZwbwaZ¡kxj eë¯’vcbv KwgwU MVb;- `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨ wba©viY;- wbqwgZ mfv Kiv I wm×všÍ ev¯Íevqb

- MvBWjvBb Abyhvqx Kw›U‡RÝx cøvb ˆZix Kiv;- Riæwi cwiw¯’wZ‡Z Kw›U‡RÝx cøvb AbymiY Kiv;- cÖwZ Qq gvm AšÍi AšÍi Kw›U‡RÝx cøvb wiwfD I Avc‡WU Kiv

- KwgwUi mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv K‡i ÷vwÛs Acv‡iwUs cÖwmwWDi ˆZix Kiv;- cÖwmwWDi m¤ú‡K© mevB‡K AewnZ Kiv;- cÖwmwWD‡ii Kvh©KvwiZv hvPvB‡qi Rb¨ gnov AbywôZ Kiv

D‡Ïk¨

Rb‡Mvôxi g‡a¨ `ÿ gvbe m¤ú` m„wó Kiv hv‡Z mswkøó wec`vcbœZv I SuywK n«vm Kiv Ges Rxeb I RxweKvi gvb Dbœqb Kiv

AvMvg ms‡KZ I mZK©Zv, AbymÜvb, D×vi I cÖv_wgK wPwKrmv Kvh©μ‡gi Rb¨ `ÿ gvbem¤ú` ˆZix Kiv Ges mZK©Zv, AbymÜvb, D×vi Kvh©μg AwZ `ªæZZv I `ÿZvi mv‡Z m¤úv`b Kiv

AvMvg ms‡KZ, mZK©Zv I D×vi Kvh©μ‡gi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq miÄvg I DcKiY h_vh_fv‡e gRy` wbwðZ Kiv I cÖ‡qvR‡b eënvi K‡i ÿqÿwZ Kwg‡q Avbv

Riæwi ev `y‡h©vMKvjxb mg‡q eënv‡ii Rb¨ ch©vß cwigv‡Y AvMvg ms‡KZ I mZK©Zv, AbymÜvb, D×vi, cÖv_wgK wPwKrmv, Riæwi cvwb, cqtwb¯‹vlY DcKiY cÖf…wZ gRy`KiY

mvB‡K¬vb ev eb¨vKvjxb mg‡q `wi`ª AvμvšÍ Rb‡Mvôxi Rb¨ wbivc` AvkÖq wbwðZ Kivi gva¨‡g Zv‡ì Rvbgv‡ji ÿqÿwZ Kgv‡bv

mvB‡K¬vb, eb¨v AvkÖq‡K‡›`ªi m‡e©v”P eûg~Lx eënvi, iÿYv‡eÿY I mvwe©K eë¯’vcbv wbwðZ Kiv

‡h‡Kvb Riæwi cwiw¯’wZ‡Z mvov †`qvi Rb¨ mvsMVwbK cÖ¯‘wZ I cwiKíbv †Rvi`vi Kiv

Riæwi cwiw¯’wZ‡Z Kv‡iv Rb¨ A‡cÿv bv K‡i wba©vwiZ MvBWjvBb Abyhvqx `y‡h©vM eë¯’vcbv KwgwU ch©v‡q Kvh©μg MÖnY I ev¯Íevqb Kiv


`ÿ gvbem¤ú`

mZK©Zv, AbymÜvb, D×vi, cÖv_wgK wPwKrmv `j

AvMvg ms‡KZ, mZK©Zv I D×vi miÄvg

Riæwi fvÛvi

wbivc` AvkÖq †K›`ª

AvkÖq‡K›`ª eë¯’vcbv KwgwU

Avc`Kvjxb cwiKíbv

÷vwÛs Acv‡iwUs cÖwmwWDi

μwgK

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ev¯Íevqb cÖwμqv

- `y‡h©vM SzuwK I wec`vcbœZv mbv³KiY;- SuywK I wec`vcbœZv we‡kølY I AMÖvwaKvi wba©viY;- SzuwK I wec`vcbœZv n«v‡mi Rb¨ ev¯ÍewfwËK cwiKíbv cÖYqb;- Kg©cwiKíbv ev¯Íevqb;- cixweÿY I g~j¨vqY

- Afxó Rb‡Mvôx (AskMÖnYKvix) wbe©vPb;- w¯ŒÞ ˆZix;- winv‡m©j Kiv;- gnovi ZvwiL I ¯’vb wbe©vPb Kiv Ges mevB‡K AewnZKiY;- gnov Abyôvb;- gnov ch©v‡jvPbv I cÖ‡qvRbxq cwieZ©b Avbqb

- me©‡kl cÖjsKvwi eb¨vi cvwbi D”PZv m¤ú‡K© AewnZ nIqv;- ‡h‡Kvb ¯’vcbvq me©‡kl eb¨vi cvwbi D”PZv `vMvswKZ Kiv; - eb¨vi cvwb e„w×i mv‡_ mv‡_ `v‡Mi Zzjbv Kiv Ges wec`mxgv AwZμg Ki‡Q wKbv Zv gwbUwis Kiv;- cvwbi m‡e©v”P D”PZvi Dc‡i mKj AeKvVv‡gv wbg©vY Kiv

- me©‡kl cÖjsKvix eb¨vi cvwbi m‡e©v”P D”PZv Rvbv;- wec`vcbœ cwievi wPwýZ Kiv;- Kv‡Ri wewbg‡q Lv`¨ Kg©m~wPi AvIZvq emZwfUv DuPz Kiv;- DuPz ¯’v‡b wUDeI‡qj I j¨vwUªb ¯’vcb;- emZwfUvi DuPz ¯’v‡b Ni, †MvqvjNi, j¨vwUzªb, wUDeI‡qj KvQvKvwQ ¯’vcb Kiv;- emZwfUvq mewR¡ I MvQ jvMv‡bv

- eb¨vi cvwb, †¯ªvZ, So cÖf…wZ †gvKv‡ejvi Rb¨ b`x, nvIo, DcK‚jeZ©x GjvKvq e¨vcK e„ÿ †ivcb Kiv;- DuPz ¯’v‡b, emZwfUvq I mvgvwRK cÖwZôv‡b mewR¡ I MvQ jvMv‡bv;- mvgvwRK ebvqb DrmvwnZ Kiv;- wbwe©Pv‡i e„ÿ wbab †iva Kiv;- ebvqb iÿYv‡eÿY

- cÖK‡íi jÿ¨, D‡Ïk¨ I Kg©KvÛ m¤ú‡K© AewnZ Kiv;- wcwfwmG, `y‡h©vM SuywK n«vm Kg©cwiKíbv, KbwU‡RÝx cøvb cÖf…wZ cÖYq‡b Ges wewfbœ Kg©KvÛ ev¯Íevq‡b ¯’vbxq cÖkvmb I miKvi‡K AšÍ©fz³ Kiv;- wewfbœ KwgwU‡Z ¯’vbxq miKv‡ii cÖwZwbwa AšÍf©~³ Kiv;- wRI-GbwRI mgš^q mfv AbywôZ Kiv;- A¨vW‡fv‡Kmx Kg©kvjvi Av‡qvRb Kiv;- ¯’vbxq cÖkvmb I miKvi KZ…©K cÖ`Ë †mevi Dbœqb Kiv

D‡Ïk¨

`y‡h©vM SzuwK n«v‡mi Rb¨ Rb‡Mvôxi mwμq AskMÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g mywbw`©ó Kg©KvÛ ev¯Íevqb Kiv

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cvwbi D”PZv cwigvc Kiv I cvwbi m‡e©v”P D”PZvi Dc‡i mKj AeKvVv‡gv ¯’vcb Ges mvB‡K¬vb ms‡KZ cÖ`vb Kivi gva¨‡g wbivc` AvkÖq MÖn‡Y mnvqZv Kiv

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D‡jøwLZ PvU© †_‡K †`Lv hv‡”Q, DcK~jxq b`x fvO‡bi d‡j cÂvk nvRvi †_‡K `yB jvL gvby‡li RxebhvÎv ÿwZMÖ¯’ n‡q‡Q, hvi g‡a¨ lvU nvRvi Rb wbR evm¯’vb †Q‡o wM‡q‡Q| GKB fv‡e, jeYv³Zvi d‡j GK jvL wek nvRvi gvby‡li RxebhvÎvi ÿwZ n‡q‡Q, ewn©g~Lx Awfevmb N‡U‡Q `k †_‡K c‡bi nvRvi gvby‡li, R‡jv”Q¡v‡mi Kvi‡Y wZb †_‡K Pvi jvL gvby‡li RxebhvÎvi ÿwZ n‡q‡Q, hvi g‡a¨ GK jvL †_‡K GK jvL wek nvRvi gvby‡li ewn©g~Lx Awfevmb N‡U‡Q Ges Rjve×Zvi Kvi‡Y wZb jvL cÂvk nvRvi gvby‡li RxebhvÎv ÿwZMÖ¯’ n‡q‡Q I ewn©g~Lx Awfevmb N‡U‡Q wZwik nvRvi gvby‡li|

evsjv‡`‡k 10wU cÖavb `y‡h©v‡M cÖvq 29 jÿ gvby‡li cÖvYnvwb N‡U‡Q, hvi g‡a¨ cÖvq 19 jÿ gvby‡li cÖvYnvwb N‡U‡Q 1943 mv‡ji `ywf©‡ÿ, cÖvq 4 jÿ gvby‡li cÖvYnvwb N‡U‡Q 1918 mv‡ji gnvgvix‡Z Ges cÖvq 3 jÿ gvby‡li cÖvYnvwb N‡U‡Q 1970 mv‡ji N~wY©S‡o|

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4.6 cÖvwZôvwbK, mvgvwRK I cvwievwiK ch©v‡q `y‡h©vM cÖ¯‘wZ`y‡h©vM cÖ¯‘wZ _vKvi jvf n‡jv - GB cÖ¯‘wZ AvμvšÍ Rb‡Mvôx‡K ¯^vfvweK Ae¯’vq wd‡i Avmvi I y‡h©v‡Mi ÿqÿwZ wbqš¿‡Y ivLvi mvg©_¨ evov‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i| Gi d‡j, y‡h©v‡Mi cÖfve n«vm cvq I gvbweK mvnv‡hï Pvwn`vI Kg nq| wØZxqZ y‡h©vM cÖ¯‘wZ mvov cÖ`v‡bi mvg_©¨ e„w× K‡i I hLb mvov cÖ`vb Riæwi n‡q c‡o ZLb Zv mgqgZ, Kvh©Ki I gvbm¤§Zfv‡e cvIqv hvq| cÖPwjZfv‡e mgv‡Ri wewfbœ ch©v‡q Avgiv y‡h©vM SuywK eë¯’vcbvi Rb¨ †hme D‡`¨vM MÖnY K‡i _vwK, GLv‡b †mUv Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q; hv‡Z cÖvwZôvwbK, mvgvwRK I cvwievwiK ch©v‡q `y‡h©vM SzuwK eë¯’vcbvi †ÿ‡Î Avgiv GKwU cÖ¯‘Z Rb‡Mvôx M‡o Zzj‡Z cvwi| G‡ÿ‡Î GB Z_¨ ¸‡jv Avgv‡ì‡K mnvqZv cÖ`vb Ki‡e|

4.6.1 cÖvwZôvwbK ch©v‡q `y‡h©vM cÖ¯‘wZ`ªæZ I mgqgZ mZK© ms‡KZ cÖ`vb, D×vi I ¯’vbvšÍi Kiv I mvov cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ `y‡h©vM eë¯’vcbvi mv‡_ RwoZ miKvwi I †emiKvwi ms¯’v¸‡jv A‡bK iKg cÖ¯‘wZg~jK Kvh©μg nv‡Z †bq| Gi g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg n‡jv N~wY©S‡oi mZK© ms‡KZ cÖPvi eë¯’v M‡o †Zvjv I kw³kvjx Kiv, †hgb DcK~j AÂ‡j N~wY©So cÖ¯‘wZ cwiKíbv| Zviv Riæwi cÖ¯‘wZ cwiKíbv Zix K‡i| ms¯’v¸‡jv wbR wbR Kg©xevwnbx‡K cÖwkÿY †`q, hv‡Z Zviv Kvh©Kifv‡e `y‡h©vMKv‡j KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i| GQvov miÄvg msMÖn K‡i, †hgb D×vi Kv‡Ri Rb¨ †bŠKv I ÎvY mvgMÖx gRy` K‡i| D×vi I ¯’vbvšÍ‡ii KvR bvixevÜe Kivi Rb¨ cÖwkÿ‡Y we‡kl welq AšÍ©fz³ K‡i _v‡K|

4.6.2 mvgvwRK ch©v‡q `y‡h©vM cÖ¯‘wZwe‡kl K‡i GbwRI I miKvwi mnvqZvq mvgvwRK ch©v‡q †hme cÖ¯‘wZg~jK KvR Kiv nq Zvi D‡Ïk¨ nj `y‡h©vMKvjxb mg‡q Rxeb I m¤ú‡ì ÿwZ Kgv‡bv I gvby‡li `y`©kv jvNe Kiv| GB Kv‡Ri g‡a¨ Av‡Q ¯’vbxq `y‡h©vM eë¯’vcbv KwgwU I †¯^Qv‡mex `j MVb| G‡ì gva¨‡g `y‡h©vM SzuwK wbiƒcb Kiv nq Ges `y‡h©vM †gvKv‡ejvi Rb¨ Kg©cwiKíbv cÖYqb Kiv nq| KwgwUi m`m¨ I †¯^”Qv‡mex `‡ji cÖwkÿ‡Yi eë¯’v Kiv nq I gnov †`qv nq| GQvovI D×vi, ¯’vbvšÍi I mvov cÖ`v‡bi miÄvg msMÖn Kiv nq| Gme Kv‡R bvix‡ì AskMÖnb wbwðZ Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| d‡j, bvix GKw`‡K †hgb Ávb, `ÿZv I m‡PZbZv evov‡Z cv‡i, Ab¨w`‡K †m Zvi gZvgZ Ab¨‡ì Rvbv‡bvi my‡hvM cvq|

4.6.3 cvwievwiK ch©v‡q `y‡h©vM cÖ¯‘wZcvwievwiK ch©v‡q cÖ¯‘wZg~jK Kv‡R bvix we‡kl f~wgKv iv‡L| `y‡h©v‡Mi m¤¢ve¨ Amyweavi K_v we‡ePbv K‡i bvix AvjMv Pzjv ˆZix K‡i, R¡vjvbx msMÖn K‡i, ïK‡bv Lvevi, †hgb wPov, gywo ev mewR ïUwK gRy` K‡i| wb‡Ri Avq †_‡K wKQz UvKv Rwg‡q iv‡L| cv‡Ui wmKvevvq hv‡Z eb¨vq mgq N‡ii wRwblcÎ N‡ii wfZi Szwj‡q ivLv hvq| `y‡h©v‡Mi ÿwZ Kgv‡bvi Rb¨ evwoi Pvicv‡k †XvjKjwg I Kjv MvQ jvMvq| GQvovI cyiæ‡li mv‡_ Ni †givg‡Zi KvR K‡i, gvPv evbvq, Kjv Mv‡Qi †fjv ˆZix K‡i|

4.7 ‰`bw›`b RxebhvÎvq `y‡h©v‡Mi cÖfvewek¦e¨vwc `y‡h©vM msNwUZ nIqv I RbRxe‡b Zvi cÖfve e„w× cv‡”Q| ïaygvÎ wZb `k‡K (1975 - 2005) `y‡h©vM msMwVZ nIqvi nvi 5 ¸Y †e‡o‡Q Ges 90 `k‡K `y‡h©v‡M AvμvšÍ Rb‡Mvôxi msL¨v wØ¸Y n‡q‡Q hv 2004 mvj bvMv` wZb¸b e„w× †c‡q‡Q| 1995 - 2005 GB `k eQ‡i me©‡gvU 2.54 wewjqb gvbyl cÖZ¨ÿ I c‡ivÿfv‡e y‡h©v‡M AvμvšÍ n‡q‡Q Ges Zv KvwU‡q IVvi Rb¨ ïaygvÎ 2001 mv‡j me©‡gvU 80 wewjqb Wjvi e‡`wkK mvnvh¨ e¨q Kiv n‡q‡Q; Gi g‡a¨ 4 wewjqb ÎvY I 10 wewjqb Wjvi cybe©vmb Lv‡Z e¨q Kiv n‡q‡Q, hvi d‡j mn¯ªvã Dbœqb jÿ¨gvÎv AR©b gvivZ¡Kfv‡e e¨vnZ n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ D‡jøL Kivi g‡Zv welq n‡jv, y‡h©vM msMwVZ (cÖvK…wZK Avc`) nIqvi nvi I Gi Øviv Rxeb I RxweKv AvμvšÍ nIqvi nv‡ii g‡a¨ mywbw`©ó †Kvb m¤úK© Luy‡R cvIqv hvqwb|

wecbœZv †ewk I mÿgZv Kg nIqvq evsjv‡`k GKwU `y‡h©vM cÖeY †`k wnmv‡e wek¦e¨vwc cwiwPZ| Avc` msNU‡bi nv‡ii Zzjbvq Zv `y‡h©vM nIqv wnmv‡e Avwe©f~Z nIqv Ges Zvi Øviv AvμvšÍ Rb‡Mvôxi nvi AZ¨šÍ †ewk| D`vniY ¯îƒc 1991 mv‡j gvÎ 225 wKwg MwZ m¤úbœ N~wY©S‡o 1,29,000 gvbyl gviv hvq, AvnZ I AvμvšÍ nIqv Rb‡Mvôx wQj Av‡iv K‡qK¸Y| 1992 mv‡ji jm G‡Äjm G msMwVZ 222 wKwg MwZ m¤úbœ N~wY©S‡oi (gviv wM‡qwQj gvÎ 18 Rb) mv‡_ Zzjbv Ki‡j GB ÿwZi e¨vcKZv jÿ¨ Kiv hvq| mv¤úªwZK mg‡h Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi Kvi‡Y `y‡h©v‡Mi gvÎv I ZxeªZv ywUB e„w× †c‡q‡Q| Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi Kvi‡Y me©e¨vwc cÖfv‡ei gvÎ K‡qKwU NUbvi d‡j evsjv‡`‡k RxebhvÎv iÿwZ I ev¯‘wfUv Py¨wZi ‡h weeiY cvIqv hvq, Zv fqven|


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Avc‡ì FZzcwÄ QKAvc` mviYx c×wZi gva¨‡g AMÖvwaKv‡ii wfwË‡Z †Kb GKwU GjvKvi Avc`¸‡jv‡K Rvbvi ci eQ‡ii KLb nq Ges Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi Kvi‡Y Gi †Kvb ZviZg¨ n‡”Q wKbv, †m m¤ú‡K© Avc‡ì FZzcwÄ c×wZ cÖ‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g Avgiv mn‡RB Z_¨ msMÖn Ki‡Z cvwi|

mgq wee©Zb aviv QK (gvÎv)

KiYxqt FZzcwÄ c×wZ eënv‡ii D‡Ïk¨ m¤ú‡K© cwi¯‹vifv‡e AeMZ Kiæb; wKfv‡e FZzcwÄ c×wZ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡eb †m m¤ú‡K© cwiKíbv MÖnY Kiæb; Avc` mviYx †_‡K cÖvß Z_¨ Abyhvqx Avc`¸‡jv‡K AMÖvwaKv‡ii wfwË‡Z Q‡K wjwce× Kiæb; ‡Kvb Avc` eQ‡ii †Kvb gv‡m nq, Zv Q‡K `vM w`‡q wPwýZ Kiæb; Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi d‡j Avc`¸‡jv NUvi mg‡qi hw` ZviZg¨ ‡`Lv †`q Z‡e †m wel‡qI wbw`©ó i‡Oi `vM w`‡q Q‡K D‡jøL Kiæb; Av‡jvPbv Kvh©μ‡g hv‡Z mKj AskMÖnYKvix ¯^ZtùzZ©fv‡e AskMÖnY K‡i †m welqwU jÿ¨ ivLyb|

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4.8 AskMÖnYg~jK mÿgZv I wec`vcbœZv we‡kølY AskMÖnYg~jK mÿgZv I wec`vcbœZv we‡køl‡Yi avcmg~nt

cÖ_g avct Avc` wPwýZKiYAskMÖnYg~jK mÿgZv I wec`vcbœZv we‡køl‡Yi cÖ_g avc n‡”Q Avc` wPwýZKiY| A_©vr †Kvb GKwU GKwU wbw`©ó mgvR ¯’vbxqfv‡e H GjvKvi †Kvb NUbv¸‡jv‡K Avc` wnmv‡e g‡b K‡i Zv wPwýZ Kiv| Avc` wPwýZKi‡Yi D‡Ïk¨ n‡”Q - †Kvb GKwU GjvKvi Avc`mg~n wPwýZ Kiv Ges Avc`¸‡jv eQ‡ii †Kvb mgq nq, wK gvÎvq nq Ges weMZ `kK¸‡jv‡Z Avc`¸‡jv NUvi cÖeYZv m¤ú‡K© Z_¨ msMÖn Kiv| GLv‡b D‡jøL Kiv cÖ‡qvRb †h, †Kvb GKwU GjvKvi ev mgv‡Ri Avc` m¤ú‡K© Avgv‡ì aviYv Ges ’vbxq Rb‡Mvôxi aviYv GK bvI n‡Z cv‡i| †hgb, Avgiv eb¨v‡K †Kvb GjvKvi Avc` wnmv‡e g‡b Ki‡jI H GjvKvi ¯’vbxq Rb‡Mvôx †mwU‡K Avc` bvI g‡b Ki‡Z cv‡i|

mvaviYZt bx‡P †`qv c×wZ¸‡jv Abymi‡Yi gva¨‡g †Kvb GKwU GjvKvi Avc`¸‡jv wK, Avc`¸‡jv KLb N‡U Ges wK gvÎv I ZxeªZvq N‡U, †m m¤ú‡K© ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Z_¨ msMÖn Kiv hvq|

Avc` mviYx QK(eo KvM‡R GB QKwU AuvKzb Ges AskMÖnYKvwi‡ì gZvgZ wjwce× Kiæb)

KiYxqt ïiæ‡ZB PP©vi D‡Ïk¨ m¤ú‡K© AskMÖnYKvix‡ìAeMZ Kiæb; Avc` m¤ú‡K© AskMÖnYKvix‡ì aviYv‡K ¯^”Q Kiæb; GjvKvi Avc` m¤ú‡K© Rvbyb Ges Q‡K wjwce× Kiæb; Gev‡i AMÖvwaKvi wfwË‡Z Avc`¸‡jv‡K mvRv‡bvi Rb¨ AskMÖnYKvix‡ì Aby‡iva Kiæb| AMÖvwaKvi Kivi †ÿ‡Î AskMÖnYKvix‡ì †h welq¸‡jv we‡ePbv Ki‡Z ej‡eb Zv n‡”Q, Avc`wU wbqwgZ nq wKbv? AwaKvsk Rb‡Mvôx AvμvšÍ nq wKbv Ges ÿqÿwZi cwigvY e¨vcK wKbv? A_©vr †h Avc` wbqwgZ nq Ges †h Avc‡ì cÖfv‡e e¨vcK Rb‡Mvôx AvμvšÍ nq I e¨vcK ÿqÿwZ mvwaZ nq AMÖvwaKv‡ii †ÿ‡Î †mB Avc`wU cÖ_g ¯’vb cv‡e; AMÖvwaKvi Kivi †ÿ‡Î AskMÖnYKvix‡ì gZvgZ Rvbyb, cÖ‡qvR‡b †fv‡Ui eë¯’v Kiæb; ‡fv‡Ui †ÿ‡Î cÖ‡Z¨K AskMÖnYKvix‡K g¨v‡Pi KvwV ev †ZuZz‡ji wewP w`b Ges cÖwZwU AskMÖnYKvix‡K Zv‡ì wbR¯^ we‡ePbvq me©v‡cÿv fqven y‡h©vM wZbwU, gvSvix ai‡Yi fqven y‡h©vM‡K yBwU Ges Zvi †P‡q Kg fqven y‡h©v‡Mi Rb¨ GKwU g¨v‡Pi KvwV ev †ZuZz‡ji wewP †fvU wnmv‡e †`qvi Rb¨ Aby‡iva Kiæb; AskMÖnYKvix‡ì †`qv †fvU djvdj Abyhvqx Avc`¸‡jv‡K AMÖvwaKv‡ii wfwË‡Z wPwýZ Kiæb|

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KiYxqt AskMÖnYKvix‡ì wPwýZ Kiv `y‡h©vM SuywKn«v‡mi KvR¸‡jv‡K wjwLZ †cv÷vi †ccv‡ii gva¨‡g AskMÖnYKvix‡ì mvg‡b Dc¯’vcb Kiæb; Gev‡i AskMÖnYg~jK Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g SuywKn«v‡mi KvR¸‡jv‡K GK GK K‡i we‡kølY Kiæb Ges ¯’vbxq Dbœq‡b miKv‡ii †Kvb wefvM ev †emiKvwi ms¯’v G ai‡Yi KvR cÖZ¨ÿfv‡e ev¯Íevqb Ki‡Q Zv wPwýZ Kiæb Ges †cv÷vi †ccv‡ii gva¨‡g miKv‡ii †mB wefvM ev †emiKvwi cÖwZôv‡bi bvg wjwce× Kiæb; miKvwi I †emiKvwi cÖwZôv‡bi †mev¸‡jv wbwðZ Ki‡Z c‡ivÿfv‡e †h me cÖwZôv‡bi mn‡hvwMZv cÖ‡qvRb AskMÖnYKvix‡ì mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv K‡i †cv÷vi †ccv‡i Zv‡ì bvg wjwce× Kiæb; Av‡jvPbvq mKj AskMÖnYKvix‡ì mwμq AskMÖnY wbwðZ Ki‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxq c`‡ÿc wbb|

Aóg avct SuywK n«vm Kg©cwiKíbv DbœqYGKwU Dbœqb cwiKíbvi g~j Dcv`vb n‡”Q - KvR, KvRwU †K Ki‡e, KLb Ki‡e, wKfv‡e Ki‡e Ges wK w`‡q Ki‡e| c~e©eZ©x Aa¨vq¸‡jv †_‡K B‡Zvg‡a¨ Avgiv MVbg~jK cÖwμqvi gva¨‡g GKwU GjvKvi SuywKn«v‡mi Rb¨ wK wK KvR Kiv cÖ‡qvRb Ges KvR¸‡jv ev¯Íevq‡bi †ÿ‡Î miKvwi †Kvb wefvM, †emiKvwi †Kvb cÖwZôvb ev Ab¨vb¨‡ì mn‡hvwMZv cÖ‡qvRb †m m¤ú‡K© †R‡bwQ| GLb Avgiv SuywKn«v‡mi wPwýZ KvR¸‡jv‡K ev¯Íevq‡bi Kg©cwiKíbv wKfv‡e iPbv Ki‡Z nq, †m cÖwμqv m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡ev| G e¨vcv‡i cÖ_‡g AskMÖnYKvix‡ì mv‡_ Av‡jvPbvi gvä‡g Kg©cwiKíbv QK 1 Abyhvqx SuywKn«v‡mi †Kvb GKwU wbw`©ó KvR ev¯Íevq‡b miKvwi wefvM, †emiKvwi cÖwZôvb, BDwbqb cwil` Ges mvgvwRK cÖwZôv‡i `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨‡K wjwce× Kiæb|


ev¯Íevq‡bi `vwqZ¡

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KiYxqt Kg©cwiKíbvi QK Ges wKfv‡e cyiY Ki‡Z n‡e †m e¨vcv‡i AskMÖnYKvix‡ì AeMZ Kiæb; Gev‡i c~e©eZ©x Aa¨v‡q wPwýZ SuywKn«v‡mi KvR¸‡jv‡K GK GK K‡i Kg©cwiKíbvq AšÍ©fz³ Kiæb Ges AskMÖnYg~jK Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g Kg©cwiKíbvi QK cyiY Kiæb; GKB Kvh©μg ev¯Íevq‡b miKvwi wefvM, BDwbqb cwil`, ¯’vbxq †emiKvwi cÖwZôvb Ges mvgvwRK cÖwZôv‡bi Kvh©μg wfbœ ai‡Yi n‡Z cv‡i| ZvB KvRwU ev¯Íevq‡b miKvwi wefvM, BDwbqb cwil`, ¯’vbxq †emiKvwi cÖwZôvb I mvgvwRK cÖwZôv‡bi †K wK Ki‡e, KLb Ki‡e I wKfv‡e Ki‡e Zv c„_K c„_K Kg©cwiKíbvq D‡jøL Kiæb; Av‡jvPbvq mKj AskMÖnYKvix‡ì mwμq AskMÖnY wbwðZ Ki‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxq c`‡ÿc wbb|

beg avct cÖwZ‡e`b P~ovšÍKiYAskMÖnYg~jK mÿgZv Ges wec`vcbœZv we‡kølY Kvh©μg †_‡K cvIqv Z_¨¸‡jv‡K mwVKfv‡e †jLvi gva¨‡g GKwU cÖwZ‡e`b cÖ¯‘‡Zi welqwU LyeB ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| KviY GB cÖwZ‡e`bwU wbw`©ó †Kvb GjvKvi SzuwK n«v‡mi g~j `wjj wnmv‡e KvR Ki‡e| BDwbqb cwil`, Dc‡Rjv cwil`, miKvwi †h‡Kvb wefvM Ges †emiKvwi cÖwZôv‡bi †mev wbwðZ Kivi †ÿ‡Î G ai‡Yi cÖwZ‡e`‡bi ¸iæZ¡ Acwimxg| G ai‡Yi cÖwZ‡e`b MÖvgwfwËK, BDwbqb wfwËK ev Dc‡Rjv wfwËK n‡Z cv‡i| Gev‡i Avgiv Rvb‡ev, AskMÖnYg~jK mÿgZv I wec`vcbœZv we‡kølY †_‡K cÖvß Z‡_ï wfwË‡Z wKfv‡e GKwU cÖwZ‡e`b cÖ¯‘Z Ki‡Z nq|

cÖwZ‡e`‡bi welqe¯‘mg~nt

4.9 evsjv‡`‡k cÖvK…wZK I gbyl¨m„ó `y‡h©v‡Mi BwZnvm‡fŠMwjK Ae¯’vb I Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi Kvi‡Y evsjv‡`k c„w_exi `y‡h©vMcÖeY †`k¸‡jvi g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg GKwU †`k wnmv‡e cwiwPZ| cÖwZeQi So, eb¨v, R‡jv”Q¡v‡m evsjv‡`‡k kZ kZ cÖvYnvwb N‡U Ges e¨vcK ÿqÿwZ nq| M„nnxb n‡q c‡o jvL jvL gvbyl| `xN©¯’vqx Rjve×Zvq nvRvi nvRvi cwievi Pig `y‡f©v‡M c‡o| GwWAviwmÕ g‡Z evsjv‡`‡k 1900 - 2000 ch©šÍ 206wU cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©vM N‡U‡Q, hv‡Z 6 jÿvwaK gvbyl gviv hvq| G‡Z ÿqÿwZi cwigvY 10,439,980 gvwK©b Wjvi| cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©v‡Mi g‡a¨ evsjv‡`‡k eb¨v I

f~wgKvt wbw`©ó GjvKvwUi `y‡h©v‡Mi AZxZ BwZnvm, `y‡h©v‡Mi Kvi‡Y wK ai‡Yi ÿqÿwZ nq, GjvKvi mvgwMÖK Dbœqb wKfv‡e `y‡h©v‡Mi Kvi‡Y evavMÖ¯’ n‡”Q, `y‡h©vM †gvKv‡ejvq GjvKvi cÖavb wec`vcbœZvmg~n wK wK, †Kb mÿgZv I wec`vcbœZv we‡kølY Kvh©μg ev¯Íevqb Kiv n‡”Q Ges wKfv‡e GB Kvh©μg SuywKn«v‡m f~wgKv ivL‡e, GB welq¸‡jv f~wgKv‡Z wjLyb|

GjvKv cwiwPwZt wbw`©ó MÖvg/IqvW©/BDwbqb/Dc‡Rjvi †h Z_¨¸‡jv GB ch©v‡q D‡jøL Kiv n‡e Zv n‡”Q, AvqZb, RbmsL¨v, gvby‡li cÖavb †ckv, GjvKvi A_©‰bwZK Ae¯’v, GjvKvi ‡fŠMwjK Ae¯’v, ‡fŠMwjK weeiY, cÖavb cÖavb ¯’vcbv BZ¨vw`|

GjvKvi cÖavb cÖavb Avc`t Q‡Ki Z_¨ Abyhvqx AMÖvwaKv‡ii wfwË‡Z Avc` mviYx‡Z D‡jøwLZ Avc`¸‡jv‡K GLv‡b D‡jøL Kiæb|

cÖavb cÖavb SuywKi †ÿÎ I weeiYt Q‡Ki Z_¨ Abyhvqx ‡ÿÎ I weeiY wjLyb|

cÖavb cÖavb mÿgZv I wec`vcbœZvmg~nt Q‡Ki Z_¨ Abyhvqx mÿgZv I wec`vcbœZv¸‡jv wjLyb|

SzuwK n«v‡mi Kvh©μgmg~nt †h KvR¸‡jv wPwýZ Kiv n‡q‡Q, Zv GLv‡b D‡jøL Kiæb|

SzuwK n«vm Kg©cwiKíbvt SzuwKn«v‡mi Kg©cwiKíbvwU GLv‡b Zz‡j aiæb|

Dcmsnvit ¯’vbxq ch©v‡q Kg©iZ miKvwi-‡emiKvwi, mvgvwRK ms¯’v mg~‡ni AskMÖn‡bi ¸iæZ¡ Ges cÖZ¨vwkZ djvdj m¤ú‡K© GLv‡b D‡jøL Kiæb|

ms¯’vi bvg

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M‡o Zzj‡e Ges h_vh_ KZ…©cÿ

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Dc‡Rjvi `„wó AvKl©Y Ki‡e Ges RbgZ M‡o Zzj‡e

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MÖvg ch©v‡q Av‡jvPbv, ¯’vbxq GbwRI‡ì mn‡hvwMZvq i¨vwj Ges h_vh_ KZ©„cÿ eivei ¯^viKwjwc cÖ`v‡bi

gva¨‡g

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gva¨‡g Ges ms¯’vi m‡PZbZvg~jK Kg©Kv‡Ûi mv‡_ Bm~¨wU‡K m¤ú„³ Kivi gva¨‡g


Kg©cwiKíbv QK 3 (BDwbqb cwil`)

Kg©cwiKíbv QK 2 (†emiKvwi ms¯’v)

Kg©cwiKíbv QK 2 (mvgvwRK cÖwZôvb)

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1

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Dc‡Rjvi gvwmK Dbœqbmfvq Dc¯’vc‡bi gva¨‡g

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4.10 evsjv‡`‡k `y‡h©vM eë¯’vcbvi bxwZgvjv I AvBbmg~nmiKvi evsjv‡`‡k `y‡h©vM eë¯’vcbvi Rb¨ KZ¸‡jv bxwZgvjv, AvBb I AvBbMZ evaëvaKZv ˆZix K‡i‡Q| bxwZgvjv, AvBb I AvBbMZ evaëvaKZv¸‡jv n‡jvt

4.10.1 `y‡h©vM welqK (evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii) ¯’vqx Av‡`kvejx

cUf’wg I msÁvt`y‡h©vM welqK GB ’vqx Av‡`kvejx GB D‡Ï‡k¨ cÖYqY Kiv nBqv‡Q hvnv‡Z mswkøó mK‡j y‡h©vM eë¯’vcbvi mKj ch©v‡q Zvnv‡ì vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨ eywS‡Z cv‡ib Ges m¤úv`‡b mg_© nb| GB ¯’vqx Av‡`kvejx‡Z cÖ`Ë `vwqZ¡ `ÿZvi mwnZ m¤úv`‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡Z¨K gš¿Yvjq wefvM I ms¯’v wbR wbR Kg©cwiKíbv (A¨vKkb cøvb) cÖ¯‘Z Kwi‡eb Ges wbR wbR `vwqZ¡ I ÿgZvi AvIZvq cÖ‡qvRbxq eë¯’v MÖnb Kwi‡eb| `y‡h©vM msμvšÍ Kg©Kv‡Ûi mgš^q wbwðZ Kwi‡eb RvZxq ch©v‡q RvZxq `y‡h©vM eë¯’vcbv KvDwÝj (GbwWGgwm) Ges AvšÍt gš¿Yvjq `y‡h©vM eë¯’vcbv mgš^q KwgwU (AvBGgwWGgwmwm)| †Rjv, _vbv I BDwbqb ch©v‡q mgš^q Kwi‡eb h_vμ‡g †Rjv, _vbv I BDwbqb `y‡h©vM eë¯’vcbv KwgwU| `y‡h©vM eë¯’vcbv e~¨‡iv Bnv‡ì mvwe©K mn‡hvwMZv Kwi‡e| gš¿Yvjq, wefvM I ms¯’vmg~n Zvnv‡ì Kg©cwiKíbvq †Rjv, _vbv, BDwbqb I MÖvg ch©v‡q wbhy³ Zvnv‡ì Kg©KZ©v Ges Kg©Pvix‡ì h_vh_ cÖwkÿ‡Yi eë¯’v Kwi‡eb, hvnv‡Z `y‡h©v‡Mi wewfbœ ch©v‡q Zvnviv D×vi, AcmviY I ÎvY Kv‡R mvnvh¨ Kwi‡Z cv‡ib|

`y‡h©vM eë¯’vcbv msμvšÍ bxwZgvjv, AvBb I AvBbMZ evaëvaKZv mg~nt `y‡h©vM eë¯’vcbv AvBb (Disaster Management Act) `y‡h©vM m¤úwK©Z ¯’vqx Av‡`kmg~n (Standing Orders on Disasters- SOD) RvZxq `y‡h©vM eë¯’vcbv Kg©cwiKíbv (National Disaster Management Plan) mvwe©K `y‡h©vM eë¯’vcbv Kg©m~wP (Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme)

lô cÂevwl©K cwiKíbvq (2011-2015) mshy³ `y‡h©vM eë¯’v †KŠkjt KwgDwbwU †j‡f‡j cÖ¯‘wZ, mvov, D×vi (wiKfvix) I cybe©vmb; `y‡h©vM SuywK n«vm; AMÖvwaKv‡ii wfwË‡Z Riæwi mvov cÖ`vb; `y‡h©vM cieZ©x wiKfvix AMÖvwaKvi; cÖvwZôvwbK mÿgZv kw³kvjxKiY|

mvB‡K¬v‡bi e¨vcKZv †ewk| 1988, 1998 mv‡ji eb¨v I 1970, 1991 Ges 2007 mv‡ji mvB‡K¬v‡b †`‡k †h cÖvYnvwb I ÿqÿwZ n‡q‡Q, Zv evsjv‡`k‡K cÖvq 50 eQi wcwQ‡q w`‡q‡Q| GB ÿqÿwZi mv‡_ hy³ n‡q‡Q mv¤úªwZK mg‡qi mvB‡K¬vb wmWi I mvB‡K¬vb AvBjv| 2007 mv‡ji mvB‡K¬vb wmWi I 2008 mv‡ji mvB‡K¬vb AvBjvq cÖvK…wZK Xvj wnmv‡e cwiwPZ g¨vb‡MÖvf my›ìebmn cÖvYnvwb I e¨vcK ÿqÿwZ N‡U, hv `wÿY-cwðgvÂ‡ji gvbyl GL‡bv KvwU‡q DV‡Z cv‡iwb|

GLbI cÖwZeQi eb¨v, N~wY©So I b`xfvO‡bi Kvi‡Y AmsL¨ cwievi `wi`ª †_‡K `wi`ªZi n‡”Q Ges f~wgnxb I Kg©nxb gvby‡li msL¨v μgvMZ evo‡Q|

cwimsL¨v‡b †`Lv †M‡Q, 10wU cÖavb `y‡h©v‡M cÖvq evsjv‡`‡ki wÎk jÿvwaK gvby‡li cÖvYnvwb N‡U‡Q, ÿwZMÖ¯’ ‡jvKmsL¨v cÖvq 30 †KvwUi Dc‡i (GKB cwievi evi evi ÿwZMÖ¯’ n‡q‡Q)|


`~‡h©v‡Mi aib

`~wf©ÿ

gnvgvix

NyYx©So

NyYx©So

NyYx©So

NyYx©So

eb¨v

NyYx©So

NyYx©So

NyYx©So

cÖvYnvbx/g„‡Zi msL¨v

1,900,000

3,93,000

3,00,000

1,38,866

61,000

36,000

28,700

12,047

11,500

11,000

mgqKvj

1943

1918

1970-12B b‡f¤î

1991-29B GwcÖj

1942- A‡±vei

1965-11B ‡g

1974- RyjvB

1965- Ryb

1963- 28 †g

1961- †g

`~‡h©v‡Mi aib

`~wf©ÿ

gnvgvix

NyYx©So

NyYx©So

NyYx©So

NyYx©So

eb¨v

NyYx©So

NyYx©So

NyYx©So

ÿwZMÖ¯Í †jvKmsL¨v

73,000,000 Rb

38,000,000 Rb

36,000,000 Rb

30,000,000 Rb

29,700,000 Rb

20,000,000 Rb

15,889,616 Rb

15,600,000 Rb

15,438849 Rb

15,000,000 Rb

mgqKvj

AvM÷, 1988

RyjvB, 1947

20 Ryb, 2004

‡g, 1984

22 RyjvB, 1983

5 RyjvB, 1983

RyjvB, 1968

11 †g, 1965

29 GwcÖj 1991

5 RyjvB, 1998

`~‡h©v‡Mi aib

eb¨v

eb¨v

eb¨v

eb¨v

N~Y©xSo

eb¨v

eb¨v

eb¨v

eb¨v

eb¨v

Avw_©K ÿwZi (gvwK©b Wjvi)

7,000,000

2,137,000

2,000,000

1,780,000

800,000

727,500

579,200

500,000

330,000

229,000

mgqKvj

20 Ryb, 2004

AvM÷, 1988

5 RyjvB, 1998

29 GwcÖj 1991

15 †g, 1995

AvM÷, 1987

RyjvB, 1947

‡m‡Þ¤î, 2000

22 RyjvB, 1987

13 RyjvB, 1997

miKvwi mvnv‡hï A‡cÿvq bv _vwKqv ¯’vbxq KZ…©cÿ wbR¯^ m¤ú‡ì mvnv‡h¨ `y‡h©vM cÖkgY, cÖ¯‘wZ I Riæwi †gvKv‡ejvi eë¯’v MÖnY Kwi‡eb|

GB Av‡`kvejxi AvIZvq mKj Kg©KvÛ wb¤œwjwLZ ch©vq mg~‡n cwo‡et ¯^vfvweK mgq mZK© I ûwkqvix ch©vq `y‡h©vM ch©vq `y‡h©vM cieZ©x ch©vq

msÁvt

(1) `y‡h©vMtcÖK…wZ ev gvby‡li Øviv msNwUZ Ggb NUv hvnv Pjgvb ¯^vfvweK mgvR Rxeb‡K Mfxifv‡e e¨vnZ K‡i Ges gvbyl, m¤ú` I cwi‡e‡ki GZ ÿwZ mvavb K‡i hvnvi †gvKv‡ejvq GKwU mgvR‡K we‡kl c`‡ÿc MÖnY Kwi‡Z nq Ges ÿqÿwZi cwigvY GZ †ewk nq †h, Dnv ïay wbR¯^ m¤ú` w`qv cyiY Kiv m¤¢e bq|

(2) `y‡h©vM eë¯’vcbvt`y‡h©vM cÖwZ‡iva, †gvKv‡ejv I ÿqÿwZ n«v‡mi Rb¨ M„wnZ cwiKíbv, cÖ¯‘wZ, †gvKv‡ejv Ges `y‡h©vM cieZ©x cybe©vmb - GB mg¯Í Kg©KvÛ‡K mvgwMÖKfv‡e ejv nq `y‡h©vM eë¯’vcbv| `y‡h©vMcÖeY GjKvKvq †h mg¯Í `y‡h©vM cÖkgY I cÖ¯‘wZgyjK c`‡ÿc cÖZ¨vwkZ `y‡h©vMmg~‡ni weiæ‡× MÖnb Kiv nq, Zvnv‡K mvaviYZ cÖvK- y‡h©vM eë¯’v ejv nq, ZvnvI GB y‡h©vM eë¯’vcbvi AšÍ©fz³|

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gvbbxq msm` m`m¨ / m`m¨vMY GB KwgwUi Dc‡`óv _vK‡eb| GB KwgwU 2 gvm ci ci mfvq wgwjZ n‡e| Avc`Kvjxb mgq cÖZ¨n GKevi Ges Ae¯’vi DbœwZ n‡j cÖwZ mßv‡n 2 evi mfvq wgwjZ n‡e|

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`y‡h©vMKv‡j ‡Rjvi Af¨šÍ‡i mKj ¯’v‡b AcmviY, D×vi I ÎvY Ges cÖv_wgK cybe©vmb msμvšÍ Kg©Kv‡Ûi mnvqZvg~jK mgš^‡qi Rb¨ Riæwi cwiPvjbv †K›`ª (Z_¨ †K›`ª I wbqš¿Y Kÿ) cwiPvjbv KiY| ¯’vbxq cÖvc¨ myweavw` eënvi K‡i D×viKvh© cwiPvjbv I gvivZ¡K ÿwZMÖ¯’ Dc‡Rjv mg~‡n D×viKvh© cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ D×viKvix `jmg~n †cÖiY I Kg©Kv‡Ûi mgš^q mvab| `y‡h©vM eë¯’vcbv I ÎvY gš¿Yvj‡qi Kÿ Ges y‡h©vM eë¯’vcbv e~¨‡ivi Riæwi cwiPvjbv †K‡›`ªi wbKU ÿwZi Z_¨, cÖ‡qvRb I cÖvc¨ m¤ú` Ges ÎvY Kv‡Ri I cybe©vmb Kv‡Ri Rb¨ wba©vwiZ wfwË‡Z DcKiYvwì cÖ‡qvRb msμvšÍ weeiY / DcvË mieivnKiY|


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4.10.2 RvZxq `y‡h©vM eë¯’vcbv Kg©cwiKíbvRvZxq `y‡h©vM eë¯’vcbv Kg©cwiKíbvq †h welq¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q, Zv mswÿßfv‡e GLv‡b Zz‡j aiv n‡jvt

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`y‡h©vMKv‡j Dc‡Rjv ch©v‡q AcmviY, D×vi I ÎvY msμvšÍ Kg©Kv‡Ûi mgš^‡qi Rb¨ Riæwi cwiPvjbv ‡K›`ª (Z_¨ †K›`ª I wbqš¿Y Kÿ) cwiPvjbv| ¯’vbxqfv‡e cÖvc¨ myweavw` eënvi K‡i D×viKvh© cwiPvjbv Ges Ab¨‡ì D×viKvh© cwiPvjbvi mgš^q mvab| `y‡h©vM eë¯’vcbv e~¨‡iv I †Rjv KZ…©cÿ cÖ`Ë wb‡`©kbv Abymv‡i Dc‡Rjv Kg©KZ©ve„›` I BDwbqb `y‡h©v‡Mi d‡j msNwUZ ÿq-ÿwZi DcvË msMÖn I hvPvBKiY, Kg©KZ©v ev Ab¨ †Kvb †hvM¨ e¨w³eM© Øviv mgxÿv cwiPvjbv K‡i Z_¨ web¨v‡mi gva¨‡g cÖ‡qvRb I AMÖvwaKvi wba©viY| ‡Rjv KZ…©c‡ÿi wbKU ÿwZ, cÖ‡qvRb I cÖvc¨ m¤ú` Ges ÎvY I cybe©vmb Kv‡Ri Rb¨ AMÖvwaKvi wfwË‡Z cÖ‡qvRb msμvšÍ weeiY / DcvË mieivnKiY| ¯’vbxq ch©v‡q cybe©vmb Kv‡Ri Rb¨ SuywK n«vmKi‡Yi m¤¢ve¨ eë¯’vmg~n mZK©Zvi m‡½ cwiKíbv cÖYqb| `y‡h©vM eë¯’vcbv e~¨‡iv I †Rjv KZ©„cÿ KZ…©K cÖ`Ë wb‡`©kbv Abymv‡i ¯’vbxqfv‡e ev ÎvY Awa`ßi / Ab¨ †Kvb Drm †_‡K cÖvß m¤ú`, e¯‘wbôfv‡e wbiƒwcZ cÖ‡qvR‡bi wfwË‡Z D×vi, ÎvY I c~Y©evm‡bi Kv‡Ri Rb¨ eivÏ I weZi‡Yi eë¯’v MÖnY| ÎvY I cybe©vmb msμvšÍ mnvqZv mvgMÖx weZi‡Yi welq Z`viwK I wnmvevw` msiÿY Ges Zv †Rjv KZ…©cÿ I Ab¨vb¨ ÎvY cÖ`vbKvix ms¯’v mg~‡ni wbKU †cÖiY| Dc‡Rjv ch©v‡qi wewfbœ `ß‡ii g‡a¨ mgš^‡qi `vwqZ¡ cvjb Kiv| GQvovI y‡h©vM eë¯’vcbv msμvšÍ ¯’vqx Av‡`kvejx Ges Dchy³ KZ…©c‡ÿi ZvrÿwbK Av‡`kvbymib Kiv|


‡Rjv `y‡h©vM eë¯’vcbv KwgwUi MVYtZ…Yg~j ch©v‡q `y‡h©vM eë¯’vcbv Kg©m~wP ev¯Íevqb Kivi j‡ÿ¨ Avgv‡ì ¯’vbxq ch©v‡q `y‡h©vM eë¯’vcbvq wbhy³ Kg©KZ©ve„‡›ì mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM Kivi cÖ‡qvRb n‡Z cv‡i| GB cÖ‡qvRbxqZv †_‡K GLv‡b †Rjv y‡h©vM eë¯’vcbv KwgwUi MVb Zz‡j aiv n‡jv, hv‡Z K‡i `y‡h©vM eë¯’vcbv Kg©m~wP‡Z hy³ Rb‡Mvôx ¯’vbxq `y‡h©vM eë¯’vcbvq wb‡qvwRZ Kg©KZ©ve„›` m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cv‡ib|

4.10.3 mvwe©K `y‡hv©M eë¯’vcbv Kg©m~wP (wmwWGgwc)2004 mv‡j evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii Lv`¨ I `y‡h©vM eë¯’vcbv gš¿Yvj‡qi Aax‡b mvwe©K `y‡h©vM eë¯’vcbv Kg©m~wP (wmwWGgwc) ev Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme Pvjy Kiv nq| evsjv‡`‡ki Ab¨Zg DbœqY Askx`vi BDGbwWwc, wWGdAvBwW Ges BD‡ivcxq Kwgk‡bi Avw_©K mnvqZvq cwiPvwjZ GB Kg©m~wPi AvIZvq 12wU K‡¤úv‡b›U i‡q‡Q| Lv`¨ I `y‡h©vM eë¯’vcbv gš¿Yvjq QvovI cwi‡ek I eb gš¿Yvjq Ges K…wl gš¿Yvjqmn †ek K‡qKwU miKvwi ms¯’v I †emiKvwi ms¯’v GB Kgm~wPi mv‡_ m¤ú„³ i‡q‡Q|

wmwWGgwc Kg©m~wPwUi cÖ_g ch©vq 2004 mv‡j ïiæ n‡q 2009 m‡ji wW‡m¤î G †kl n‡q‡Q| Avevi 2010 mv‡j Rvbyqvwi gvm †_‡K Kg©m~wPwUi wØZxq ch©vq, A_©vr wmwWGgwc vBwZg‡a¨ wW‡m¤î 2009 wmwWGgwc cÖ_g ch©v‡qi KvR †kl n‡q‡Q Ges Rvbyqvwi 2010 †_‡K wmwWGgwcÕi wØZxq ch©v‡qi KvR ïiæ n‡q‡Q, Pj‡e AvMvgx 2014 mvj ch©šÍ|

wmwWGgwc cÖK‡íi gva¨‡g Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi aŸskvZ¡K cÖfvemn cÖvK…wZK I gbyl¨m„ó Avc` I gvivZ¡K NUbvi (Extreme Events) cÖwZwμqv n«v‡mi gva¨‡g evsjv‡`‡ki wec`vcbœZvmg~n‡K n«vm Kivi jÿ¨ wba©viY Kiv n‡q‡Q| Kg©m~wPi gva¨‡g SuywK eë¯’vcbv I cieZ©x‡Z SzuwK eë¯’vcbvi welq¸‡jv‡K RvZxq bxwZgvjv I AvBbmg~‡ni mv‡_ mgwš^Z (†gBw÷ªwgs) Kiv n‡e| G j‡ÿ¨ mvwe©K `y‡h©vM eë¯’vcbv Kg©m~wPi wØZxq ch©vqwU n‡jv g~jZt cÖ_g ch©v‡qi Kg©m~wPi ewa©Z ch©vq, hvi gva¨‡g `y‡h©vM SuywK eë¯’vcbvi welq¸‡jv‡K †hŠw³Kfv‡e RvZxq bxwZgvjv I AvBbmg~‡ni mv‡_ mgwš^ZKi‡Yi KvR‡K GwM‡q †bqv n‡e|

mvwe©K `y‡h©vM eë¯’vcbv Kg©m~wP, cÖ_g ch©vq: 2004-2009 Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (CDMP) Phase I: 2004-2009 mvwe©K `y‡h©vM eë¯’vcbv Kg©m~wP, wØZxq ch©vq: 2010-2014 Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (CDMP) Phase II: 2010-2014

Disaster Management Institutions in Bangladesh

National Disaster Management Council(NDMC)

Inter Ministerial Disaster ManagementCoondination Committee (IMDMCC)

Disaster Management andRelief Division (DM&RD)

Earthquake Preparednessand Awareness

Food Division

CPP Impleme Ntation Board(CPPIB

Disaster Management Bureau(DMB)

District Disaster ManagementCommittee (DDMC)

Municipal DisasterManagementCommittee (MDMC)

City Corporation DisasterManagement Committee(CCDMC)

Upazila Disaster ManagementCommittee (UzDMC)

Union Disaster ManagementCommittee (UDMC)

Zone/Upazila

Union

CSDDWS

FPOCC

NGOCC

DMTATF

Directorate of Relief andRehabititation (DRR)

Director General ofFood (DGFood)

Ministry of Food andDisaster Management

(MoFDM)

National DisasterManagement AdvlisoryCommittee (NDMAC)

National Platform forDisaster Risk Reduction

(NPDRR)


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4.11 `y‡h©vM eë¯’vcbv msμvšÍ I‡qemvBU mg~n


Organization Website

Ministry of Food and Disaster Management www.mofdm.gov.gd

Disaster Management Bureau www.dmp.gov.bd

Dirrectorate of Relief and Rehabilitation www.drr.gov.bd

Comprehensive Disaster Management Program (CDMP) www.cdmp.org.bd

African Center for Disaster Studies www.acds.co.za

Africa Regional Strategy for Disaster Risk Reduction www.unisdrafrica.org

Action Aid Bangladesh www.actionaid.org/bangaldesh

Asian Disaster Reduction Centre www.adrc.asia

Asian Disaster Preperedness centre (ADPC) www.adpc.net

Asia-Pacific network for Gloval Change Research (APN) www.apn.gr.jp

Bangladesh Disaster Preperedness Centre (BDPC) www.bdpc.org.bd

BRAC University (Postgraduate Programs in DM) www.bracu.ac.bd

Aon Benifield UCL Hazard Research Centre (ABUHRC) www.benfieldhrc.org

Center the Co-ordination for the prevention of naturalDisaster in Central America www.cepredenac.org

Natural Hazards Center, University of Colorado at Boulder www.colorado.edu/hazards

Center for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters (CRED) www.cred.be

The Caribbean Disaster Emergency Responsev Agency (CDERA) www.cdera.org

CRID-Centro Regional the Information for Disaster www.crid.or.cr

Doryog Nivaran, South Asian Network for DisasterRisk Reduction www.duryognivaran.org

World Institute for Disaster Risk Management www.drmonline.net

Department for International Development (DFID) www.dfd.gov.uk

National Drought Mitigation Center, University of Nebraska-Lincon www.drought.unl.edu

USGS-Earthquake Hazards Program www.earthquake.usgs.gov

Organization Website

Earth Summit 2002- Building Partnerships for Develolpment www.earthsummit2002.org

Economic Commission for Latin America And theCaribbean (ECLAC) www.eclac.org

Earthquake Hazard Centre New Zealand www.ehc.arch.vuw.ac.nz

EM-DAT: Emergency Events Database www.emdat.be

Foot and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations www.fao.org

FEMA-gatdissaster information www.fema.gov/hazard

United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) freshwater.unep.net

Geo Hazards international www.geic.or.jp

Glide Number- a Gloval Referencing System for Disaster Events www.glidenumber.net

Center for Hazards and Risk Research, Columbia University, USA www.deo.columbia.edu/chrr

Internation Development Research Centre Canada www.idrc.ca

International Fedaration of Red Cresent Societies www.ifrc.org

Indian Association of Social Science Institutions iassi.nic.in

Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) ico.uncscu.org

IRI- The International Research Institute of Climate and Society www.iri.columbia.edu

Integrated Regoinal information networks (IRIN) www.irinnews.org

The Center for isaster Studies at JCU- James Cook Univesity, AUS www.jcu.edu.au

Center for Ecology and Hidrology in U.K www.ceh.ac.ik

NOAA’s National Wether Service www.noaa.gov

Network for Information, Response and Preparedbess Activities onDisaster (NIRAPAD), Bangladesh www.nirapad.org

Gender Fire Monitoring Center (GFMC) www.gdnonline.org

Global Fire Monitoring Centre (GFMC) www..fire.uni-firebrig.de

Pacific Disaster Center (PDC) www.pdc.org

Qwe t A·dvg

handbook- climate change, disaster risk management and adaptation (bangla)

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