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hand-held breast cancer detector - sunfest · 2018. 7. 16. · q2n3904 0 r1 1k 0 v out u1 3 2 7 4 6...

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  • Hand-held Breast Cancer Detector - SUNFEST · 2018. 7. 16. · Q2N3904 0 R1 1k 0 V out U1 3 2 7 4 6 1 5 + - V+ V-OUT OS1 OS2 0 Photodiode V1 2V 0 0 Relay V source PMT Voltage Input
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Hand-held Breast Cancer Detector J. Miguel Ortigosa Electrical Engineering Advised by Dr. Britton Chance Inexpensive and convenient!

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  • Hand-held Breast Cancer Detector

    J. Miguel OrtigosaElectrical Engineering

    Advised by Dr. Britton Chance

    Inexpensive and

    convenient!

  • Breast cancer and methods for its detection

    Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer: 40,000 women in the U.S. died from the disease in 2002.

    Early detection essential for reducing chance of death.

    Most common methods of detection:

    X-Ray Mammography.MRI Mammography.Ultra-sound Mammography.

  • Device Look… Probe: Light and detector

  • Objective for Hand-Held Breast Cancer Device

    Detect a tumor of a few millimeters in size at a distance of up to 3 cm from the breast surface.

    Commercial uses would include:Tumor Localization.Preliminary Screening.

    • Mass and Home Screening.

  • Detection Method…

    Null Plane

    L1 L2D

    Photon Density Waves

    Object

    2 cm 2 cm

    Amplitude Cancellation in the Null Plane

    Photomultiplier Tube Detector

    (PMT)

    Light emitting diode (LED):- 0 degree phase

    LED at 180 degrees

  • Detection Method…Monitor Display

    Y=Voltage

    X=Time

    L1

    L2

    Middle

    Plot: Tumor Location

  • Block Diagram Analysis

    PMTPMT

    BPFBPFMonitorMonitor SplitterSplitterSwitchSwitch0℃

    180℃

    1st Section

    2nd Section

    3000 Hz3000 HzOscillatorOscillator

    SplitterSplitterObjectLED1

    LED2

  • Problem and Resolution: 1stSection

    8

    1

    4

    3

    2U1ALF353N

    10KR4

    24KR6

    10K R3

    53k R1

    53K

    R2

    12KR5

    -5V

    +5V

    1nF

    C1

    1nF

    C2

    D1Diode 1N5400

    D2

    Diode 1N5400

    T?

    Trans CT

    200

    R13

    200

    R14

    D1Diode

    D2Diode

    10

    R15

    10

    R16

    +5V +5V

    Problem: Insufficient Intensityand Modulation.

    Resolution: Added Transistor with high base resistance.

    Results:20-100 mA swing.Clearer signal.

    TX1

    kbreak

    R2

    Q1

    Q2N3904

    0

    0

    0Q2

    Q2N3904

    LED

    0

    V2

    0

    R3

    V1

    LED

    V4

    0

    V5

    R4

    R1

    0

    V3

  • Problem and Resolution: 2ndSection

    Problem: Noise.Resolution:

    Replaced noisy transformer.Implemented higher order bandpass filter.

    Frequency

    100Hz 300Hz 1.0KHz 3.0KHz 10KHzV(out3) V(out2)

    0V

    40V

    80V

    120VPLOT: Frequency Response

  • Room for ImprovementI. Protect PMT from light overexposure.

    II. Make better contact during breast navigation andphysically protect PMT.

    III. Eliminate Noise from LED sources themselves.

  • Innovations in Breast Cancer DetectorI. Shut-off Protection System.

    PMT Voltage Input

    Supply Voltage

  • Innovations in Breast Cancer DetectorII. New Case Design Idea:

    Better design for navigation.Physically Protect PMT by using Fiber Optics.

    PMT Computer Mouse Design

  • Steps for Completion

    Assemble new system on Circuit Board or PC Board.

    Finish program for Time-Shared System.

    Test new completed system on Breast phantom.

  • Q & A

  • Innovations in Breast Cancer Detector

    I. Time-Shared System

    LED1

    LED3

    LED2

    LED4

    object

    Time shared 10HzCONTROL

    DAQ cable

  • How we can detect tumors…

    High Absorption in Tumors

  • Block Diagram Analysis

    PMTPMT

    BPFBPFMonitorMonitor SplitterSplitterSwitchSwitch0℃

    180℃

    1st Section

    2nd Section

    3000 Hz3000 HzOscillatorOscillator

    SplitterSplitterObject

    300 Hz300 Hz SplitterSplitter

    LED1

    LED2

    LED3

    LED4

    LED1

    LED4

    LED3

    LED2

  • Shut-off Schematic

    5V5V

    0-5V

    0

    R3

    1k

    Q1

    Q2N3904

    0

    R1

    1k

    0

    V out

    U1

    3

    27

    46

    1

    5+

    -V+

    V-OUT

    OS1

    OS2

    0

    Photodiode

    V12V

    0

    0

    Relay

    V source

    PMTVoltage Input

  • Problem discovered

    LED performance:

    Low Intensity.Low Modulation swing.

    3000 Hz3000 HzOscillatorOscillator SplitterSplitter Object

    PMTPMT

    LED1

    LED2LED1

    LED4

  • How it works …

    II. Photomultiplier Tube (PMT)

    PhotocathodeDynodesAnode

  • How it works…I. Light Emitting Diodes (LED)

    Near Infrared Light (780 nm wavelength).

    High Scattering and Low Absorption mediums:

    Microscopically, a random walk.

    Macroscopically, outgoing spherical wave referred to as the diffuse photon density wave (DPDW).

  • PMT Output Signal Filtering Circuit

    0

    0

    out2

    0

    V1-15

    0

    R1

    10k

    R2

    100

    0

    0

    R7

    1k

    R3

    750

    R6

    1k

    C3

    0.1u

    V510

    0

    R5

    750

    V410

    R8

    750

    U4

    uA741

    3

    2

    74

    6

    1

    5+

    -

    V+

    V-

    OUT

    OS1

    OS2

    0

    V3-10

    C4

    0.1u

    R11

    1k

    0

    0

    out3

    R9

    750

    U3

    uA741

    3

    2

    74

    6

    1

    5+

    -

    V+

    V-

    OUT

    OS1

    OS2

    V6-10

    out1

    R12

    1k

    0

    0

    I2

    0Adc1Aac

    V215

    C2

    0.1u

    0

    R4

    750

    C1

    0.1u

    R10

    750

    U2A

    LM324

    1

    3

    2

    41

    1

    OUT

    +

    -

    V+

    V-

    0

  • Frequency Response

    Frequency

    100Hz 300Hz 1.0KHz 3.0KHz 10KHzV(out3) V(out2)

    0V

    40V

    80V

    120V


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