hand book on prevention and control of avian influenza in state of osun
TRANSCRIPT
Hand book on prevention and control of Avian
Influenza in State of Osun
Handbook on prevention and control of avian influenza in the State of Osun.....sponsored by TUNS Farms Nig. Ltd
2
TABLE OF CONTENTS Title Page
Table of contents
Brief Introduction of Avian Influenza
Background and History of Avian Influenza in Nigeria
Pre-disposing factors
Mode of Transmission/Symptoms
Economic loss
Preventive steps
What to do?(Emergency contact Numbers)
Handbook on prevention and control of avian influenza in the State of Osun.....sponsored by TUNS Farms Nig. Ltd
3
INTRODUCTION: WHAT IS AVIAN INFLUENZA
Nigeria poultry population is estimated at 140 million, with backyard farmers accounting for 60% of poultry producers.
Avian influenza is a disease caused by viruses adapted to birds and other species. The virus infects all domestic and wild birds characterized by respiratory, digestive and in some cases nervous signs and high morbidity and mortality. Incubation period ranges from a few hours to 2 weeks depending on the virus dose, route of infection and species of birds.
These viruses can be divided into highly pathogenic (HPAI) and low pathogenic (LPAI) strains based on its ability to cause disease in poultry.
Influenza viruses are divided into subtypes based on two proteins that they have on their surface;
Haemaglutinin (H)
Neuraminidase (N)
Handbook on prevention and control of avian influenza in the State of Osun.....sponsored by TUNS Farms Nig. Ltd
4
INTRODUCTION OF A.I CONTD
The H5N1 virus is the strain of avian influenza is the most common and deadliest which has infected numerous species of birds in Asia, Europe and Africa since the end of 2003.
H5N1 strain can be transmitted to humans, although this is very difficult unless they come into close contact with infected birds.
The H5N1 infection may follow an unusually aggressive clinical course, with rapid deterioration and high fatality. Primary viral pneumonia and multiple organ failure have been common among people who have become ill with H5N1 influenza.
Handbook on prevention and control of avian influenza in the State of Osun.....sponsored by TUNS Farms Nig. Ltd
5
BACKGROUND & HISTORY OF AVIAN INFLUENZA IN NIGERIA
The first reported outbreak of AI in Nigeria was in February, 2006.
Prior to that scores of local poultry were reported to have been dying in Jigawa state between December, 2005 and early January 2006, from a strange disease that was more devastating than Newcastle disease.
However,the first confirmed case of AI was found at Kaduna on January 14th 2006,later Kano state with birds reported dying due to an unknown disease condition from which chemotherapy and supportive care proved abortive in many cases.
In total, 480,378 birds were lost in 34 outbreaks recorded in four states between the period of January and March 2006. Chickens accounted for more than 99% of all the birds affected followed by guinea fowls and turkeys. More than 60% of the birds affected were adults.
Handbook on prevention and control of avian influenza in the State of Osun.....sponsored by TUNS Farms Nig. Ltd
6
INFORMATION ON RECENT OUTBREAK
As of 17th January, there are total of 15 confirmed cases traced to some small farms in six states.
The states are; Delta, Ogun, Lagos, Kano, Rivers and Jigawa.
The farms are each per state except Lagos and Kano which also includes live birds market.
Birds in the affected farms have been destroyed as first precaution and other measure have been instituted.
The federal ministry of agriculture have assured the situation is not worrisome and under control.
No human infection has been reported yet.
Handbook on prevention and control of avian influenza in the State of Osun.....sponsored by TUNS Farms Nig. Ltd
7
PREDISPOSING FACTORS Poor bio-security measures and controls on farms
Poor hygiene
Poor pest and rodent control practices at various levels of poultry value chain
Lack of quarantine services at the international and inter states control post
Illegal importation of animal and animal by products
Migratory birds(Wild birds)
Poor disease surveillance, information gathering systems and monitoring
Indiscriminate transport of birds from point to point by live birds marketers
Handbook on prevention and control of avian influenza in the State of Osun.....sponsored by TUNS Farms Nig. Ltd
8
SYMPTOMS OF AVIAN INFLUENZA Depression and droopiness
Discoloration of comb and wattles
Oedema and swelling of head, eye lids, combs, wattles and hocks.
Watery diarrhea and ruffled feather
Bloody or watery discharge from nose or beak
Sudden fall in egg production
Loss of appetite
Eggs with soft or deformed shell.
Handbook on prevention and control of avian influenza in the State of Osun.....sponsored by TUNS Farms Nig. Ltd
9
MODE OF TRANSMISSION Direct contact of other
birds/animals with the secretion and excretion of infected birds.
Direct contact of domestic birds with contaminated carcasses, manure, or poultry by-products
Direct contact of domestic birds with people (e.g. shoes, clothing), equipment (e.g. cages, vehicles), insects, rodents or other agents contaminated with the virus.
Direct contact of other birds with infected migratory birds.
Handbook on prevention and control of avian influenza in the State of Osun.....sponsored by TUNS Farms Nig. Ltd
10
ECONOMIC IMPACT OF AVIAN INFLUENZA
Socio-economic Impact, an Avian Influenza outbreak would create general panic among the public which would lead to boycott of poultry products such as live stock trading, restaurants and fast food, and would result in sharp decline in sales and prices.
An Avian Influenza outbreak would lead to unemployment, as most farm would close down, other poultry related industries would also be affected.
Mainly, the poultry Feed industry would also be greatly affected as prices and other related products used in formulation of feeds would drop drastically.
All the above mentioned points would affect the economy of the Nation as a whole
Handbook on prevention and control of avian influenza in the State of Osun.....sponsored by TUNS Farms Nig. Ltd
11
PREVENTIVE MEASURES ACROSS THE POULTRY VALUE CHAIN: BREEDER FARMS Preventive vaccination
Limit or control human traffic access to the farm.
Ensure sick birds are isolated and no contacts with poultry and other captive birds within the boundaries
Proper disposal of mortalities (bury or incinerate).
Proper hygiene pre and post poultry handling.
Proper poultry waste disposal.
Provide protective clothes and boots to visitors.
Proper disinfection of farm workers, visitors and vehicles before entering Farm.
Daily fumigation and disinfection of work areas and equipment
Proper feed storage and handling
Practice effective pest and rodent control strategies
Handbook on prevention and control of avian influenza in the State of Osun.....sponsored by TUNS Farms Nig. Ltd
12
PREVENTIVE MEASURES ACROSS THE POULTRY VALUE CHAIN: HATCHERY Do not receive nor store eggs from suspected farms
Limit or control human traffic access to the hatchery especially during pull out operation.
Proper hygiene pre and post egg handling.
Proper hatchery waste disposal. Incineration is the best.
Provide protective clothes and boots to visitors if entry is compulsory.
Proper disinfection of farm workers, visitors and vehicles before entering farm.
Daily fumigation of work areas, equipment and machineries
Maintain proper sanitary practice pre and post hatching operations
Handbook on prevention and control of avian influenza in the State of Osun.....sponsored by TUNS Farms Nig. Ltd
13
PREVENTIVE MEASURES ACROSS THE POULTRY VALUE CHAIN: FEED MILLS Maintain proper and effective sanitation practices
in raw ingredient, production and feed storage areas
Practice effective pest and rodent control strategies
Limit access of pest and wild birds to finished feed storage areas
Ensure periodic fumigation of feed handling areas
Employees must practice good personal hygiene
Handbook on prevention and control of avian influenza in the State of Osun.....sponsored by TUNS Farms Nig. Ltd
14
PREVENTIVE MEASURES ACROSS THE POULTRY VALUE CHAIN: COMMERCIAL REARING
Limit or control human traffic access to the farm.
Proper disposal of mortalities (bury or incinerate).
Proper hygiene pre and post poultry handling.
Proper poultry waste disposal.
Provide protective clothes and boots to visitors.
Proper disinfection of farm workers, visitors and vehicles before entering Farm.
Do not add birds from different sources together.
Do not add new acquisition to your flock without quarantine.
Do not exchange or borrow farm inputs and equipment from other farms.
Do not compromise the source of your feed, source from reliable
Handbook on prevention and control of avian influenza in the State of Osun.....sponsored by TUNS Farms Nig. Ltd
15
PREVENTIVE MEASURES ACROSS THE POULTRY VALUE CHAIN: COMMERCIAL REARING
Proper storage of feed
Put in place adequate bio-security measures in feed and farm input haulage.
Isolate sick birds immediately from the flock.
Keep away wild life, game birds, rodents and other pets away from the farm.
Have an active pest and rodent control program
Proper housing/netting of the birds to prevent exposure to wild birds, rodents e.t.c
Proper sensitization of Farmers/Attendants
Proper disease monitoring, reporting and surveillance.
Handbook on prevention and control of avian influenza in the State of Osun.....sponsored by TUNS Farms Nig. Ltd
16
PREVENTIVE MEASURES ACROSS THE POULTRY VALUE CHAIN: LIVE BIRDS MARKETS
Do not buy birds from sick flocks
Get accurate and concise birds history before purchase and sale
Maintain good market hygiene
Proper periodic disinfection/fumigation of market
Active surveillance of live birds market activities by relevant regulatory authorities
Establish limit to movement from farm to farm and market to market
Active training of market women on inherent risk and control measures
Handbook on prevention and control of avian influenza in the State of Osun.....sponsored by TUNS Farms Nig. Ltd
17
NEED TO COME TOGETHER TO PREVENT AVIAN INFLUENZA IN STATE OF OSUN.
Handbook on prevention and control of avian influenza in the State of Osun.....sponsored by TUNS Farms Nig. Ltd
18
NEED TO COME TOGETHER TO PREVENT AVIAN INFLUENZA IN STATE OF OSUN.
Food security and poverty alleviation
Savings in potential outbreak costs and avoided economic damages.
Maintaining the trade and market access.
Reduction in the levels of infection.
No Government compensation can restore losses.
Dangerous to humans.
Handbook on prevention and control of avian influenza in the State of Osun.....sponsored by TUNS Farms Nig. Ltd
19
Handbook on prevention and control of avian influenza in the State of Osun.....sponsored by TUNS Farms Nig. Ltd
20
WHAT TO DO?EMERGENCY CONTACT NUMBERS
Report promptly symptoms, strange birds behavior and high mortalities to desk officers highlighted below;
Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security - 08034110361
TUNS Farms - 08057496069
PAN - 08035012975