Fundação Liberato – English – Level 5Student’s name: _______________________________________ Group: _______ Date: ____________

SHAKESPEARE

THE CHARACTERS1) Write the names of the characters.a) ______________________________________ marries her first husband’s brother, though it

is against the law.b) ______________________________________ is the close friend who tells Hamlet that he has

seen a figure like his dead father.c) ______________________________________ orders Hamlet to avenge his death.d) ______________________________________ pretends to be mad to deceive his enemies.e) ______________________________________ makes Hamlet able to prove that his uncle is

guilty.f) ______________________________________ spies on Hamlet while he is talking to his

mother.g) ______________________________________ goes mad and dies because her lover has

killed her father.h) ______________________________________ joins the king to avenge the death of his

father.i) ______________________________________ is the cause of all that goes wrong in the story.j) ______________________________________ is one of the guards who tries to stop Hamlet

from following his father’s ghost.

THE STORY

1) Choose the correct answer.

a) Hamlet wants to find – forget – punish his uncle.

b) Hamlet is a story about love – mystery – revenge.

c) Hamlet was written 200 – 300 – 400 years ago.

2) Answer these questions. Why...

a) ... doesn’t the ghost rest in peace

... does the ghost appear before Hamlet

b) ... is Hamlet furious

c) ... is Hamlet’s mother a weak woman

d) ... can’t Hamlet act like a normal person when he finds out his uncle is guilty

e) ... did the King and the Queen think Hamlet was mad because of love

Hamlet, Prince of Denmark, is visited by a mysterious ghost resembling his recently deceased father, the King of Denmark. The ghost tells Hamlet that his father was murdered by Claudius, the King’s brother, who then took the throne and married Hamlet’s mother, Gertrude. The ghost encourages Hamlet to avenge his father’s death by killing Claudius.

The task before Hamlet weighs heavily upon him. Hamlet’s uncertainty is what makes the character so believable – he is arguably one of literature’s most psychologically complex characters. He is slow to take action, but when he does it is rash and violent. We can see this in the famous “curtain scene” when Hamlet kills Polonius.

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Macbeth Shakespeare Play of Shakespeare Summary Analysis About William Shakespeare Analysis of Hamlet

Hamlet’s Love

Polonius’ daughter, Ophelia, is in love with Hamlet, but their relationship has broken down since Hamlet learned of his father’s death. Ophelia is instructed by Polonius and Laertes to spurn Hamlet’s advances. Ultimately, Ophelia commits suicide as a result of Hamlet’s confusing behavior towards her.

A Play-within-a-play

In Act 3, Scene 2, Hamlet organizes for players to re-enact his father’s murder at the hands of Claudius in order to gauge Claudius’ reaction. He confronts his mother about his father’s murder and hears someone behind the arras – believing it to be Claudius, Hamlet stabs the man with his sword. It transpires that he has actually killed Polonius.

Rosencrantz and Guildenstern

Claudius realizes that Hamlet is out to get him and professes that Hamlet is mad. Claudius arranges for Hamlet to be shipped to England with his former friends Rosencrantz and Guildenstern who have been informing the king about Hamlet’s state of mind.

Claudius has secretly sent orders for Hamlet to be killed on arrival in England, but Hamlet escapes from the ship and swaps his death order for a letter ordering the death of Rosencrantz and Guildenstern.

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“To Be or Not To be …”

Hamlet arrives back in Denmark just as Ophelia is being buried which prompts him to contemplate life, death and the frailty of the human condition.

Tragic Ending

Laertes returns from France to avenge the death of Polonius, his father. Claudius plots with him to make Hamlet’s death appear accidental and encourages him to anoint his sword with poison – putting a cup of poison aside in case the sword is unsuccessful.

In the action, the swords are swapped and Laertes is mortally wounded with the poisoned sword. He forgives Hamlet before he dies.

Gertrude dies by accidentally drinking the cup of poison. Hamlet stabs Claudius but is himself fatally wounded. Hamlet's revenge is finally complete. In his dying moments, he bequeaths the throne to Fortinbras.

It is interesting that Hamlet is a revenge tragedy driven by a protagonist unable to commit to the act of revenge. In the story, it is Hamlet’s inability to avenge the murder of his father that drives the plot forwards and the deaths of Polonius, Laertes, Ophelia, Gertrude, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern all result from Hamlet’s delay.

Action verses Inaction

To highlight Hamlet’s inability to take action, Shakespeare includes a number of other characters capable of taking resolute and headstrong revenge as required. Fortinbras travels many miles to take his revenge and ultimately succeeds in conquering Denmark; Laertes plots to kill Hamlet to revenge the death of his father, Polonius.

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About William Shakespeare Shakespeare Quotations Analysis of Hamlet Hamlet Shakespeare Shakespeare Quotes

Compared to these characters, Hamlet’s revenge is ineffectual. Once he decides to take action, he delays any action until the end of the play. It should be noted that this is not uncommon in Elizabethan revenge tragedies. What makes Hamlet a unique piece of writing is the remarkable way in which Shakespeare uses the delay to build Hamlet’s emotional and psychological complexity.

Hamlet’s revenge is delayed in three significant ways:

1. Hamlet must first establish Claudius’ guilt, which he does in Act 3, Scene 2 by presenting the murder of his father in a play. When Claudius storms out during the performance, Hamlet becomes convinced of his guilt.

2. Hamlet then intellectualizes his revenge, contrasting with the rash actions of Fortinbras and Laertes. For example, Hamlet has the opportunity to kill Claudius in Act 3, Scene 3. He draws his sword, but is concerned that Claudius will go to heaven if killed while praying.

3. After killing Polonius, Hamlet is sent to England making it impossible for him to gain access to Claudius and carry out his revenge. During his trip, he decides to become more headstrong in his desire for revenge.

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Although he does ultimately kill Claudius in the final scene of the play, we cannot credit Hamlet with plotting the revenge – rather, it is Claudius’ plan to kill Hamlet that backfires.

Perhaps if Hamlet had acted earlier, lives could have been saved?

his famous quote comes from one of the most famous lines from Shakespeare. Hamlet delivers this soliloquy in Act III scene 1 and it centres on his arguments for committing suicide in what is to him a world that only brings him pain and sadness. The quote you have asked about is interesting, because, as the starting line of the poem, it examines the question of suicide as a logical question. "To be or not to be" is basically saying whether to live or not to live is to be preferred.

Hamlet then develops his argument by thinking whether it is more noble to just endure and suffer life and be passive in the face of this sadness and suffering or to actively look to end that suffering. Suicide, in the face of this is a "consummation / Devoutly to be wished." However, what makes Hamlet pause is the thought of what might happen in the afterlife. Even though he compares death to a "sleep," potentially the kind of dreams that may come to him must "give us pause."

In the famous "To be or not to be" soliloquy, Hamlet wonders whether to live or die, given the pain he feels at his father's death/murder, and his mother Gertrude's hasty remarriage to the murderer. In this soliloquy, he wonders if it is nobler to bear his grief, or to take action.

His father's ghost has told him what happened and demands revenge. Hamlet has two ways of taking arms against the sea of troubles he faces--commiting murder, or committing suicide. In his belief system, both would lead to eternal damnation. Ay, there's the rub. There's the nightmare that troubles the eternal "sleep" of death.

Thoughts of what could happen after death "give us pause". He wonders who would bear the injustice and disappoint-ments of life, knowing suicide would end these. It is the "dread of something after death (that) puzzles the will and makes us rather bear those ills we have/than fly to others that we know not of..."

The next line is one of Shakespeare's famous double entendres, full of irony: "Thus conscience does make cowards of us all": conscience is both knowledge and knowledge of right and wrong. He goes on to say that " thus the native hue of resolution/is sicklied over with the pale cast of thought; enterprises ...lose the name of action." This conflict between thought and action is an oft explored theme in this play. It is perhaps too facile to call it procrastination as it is also about the conflict of reason versus rationalization.

Finally, catching sight of Ophelia, Hamlet asks (whether or not she hears him) that she remember his sins in her prayers (orisons). As this soliloquy reflects, it seems that everywhere he looks, everything he considers--whether inaction, murder, or suicide--he is doomed.