Hamlet

Act IV

Act IV Scene i• Queen informs Claudius Hamlet is crazy- he killed

Polonius

Gertrude:

“Mad as the sea and wind, when both contendWhich is the mightier: in his lawless fit,Behind the arras hearing something stir,Whips out his rapier, cries, 'A rat, a rat!'And, in this brainish apprehension, killsThe unseen good old man” (IV.i. 7-12) pg. 189

Act IV Scene i

Claudius:

“O heavy deed!It had been so with us, had we been there:His liberty is full of threats to all;To you yourself, to us, to every one.Alas, how shall this bloody deed be answer'd?It will be laid to us, whose providenceShould have kept short, restrain'd and out of haunt,This mad young man: but so much was our love,We would not understand what was most fit;But, like the owner of a foul disease,To keep it from divulging, let it feedEven on the pith of Life” (IV.i.13-24) pg. 189-191

Act IV Scene i

• Claudius claims that they are in danger• Ship him to England• Tell everyone so they don’t blame us b/c we didn’t stop him• Hamlet is a direct threat to the King

• “…we’ll call up our wisest friendsand let them know both what we mean to do And what’s untimely done…Whose whisper o’er the world’s diameter, As level as the cannon to his blankTransports his poisened shot, may miss our nameAnd hit the woundless air. O come away!My soul is full of discord and dismay” (IV.i.39-46) pg. 191

Act IV Scenes ii• G & R meet with Hamlet to find Polonius’ body• Indicates their betrayal

– Calls them sponges, nuts in an ape’s mouth– They are using him

Hamlet:“Ay, sir, that soaks up the king's countenance, his

rewards, his authorities. But such officers do theking best service in the end: he keeps them, likean ape, in the corner of his jaw; first mouthed, tobe last swallowed: when he needs what you havegleaned, it is but squeezing you, and, sponge, youshall be dry again”(IV.ii.15-21) pg. 193

Act IV Scene iii• King says that Hamlet is dangerous but people of Denmark

love him so we can’t jail or kill him- excuse

Claudius:“I have sent to seek him, and to find the body.

How dangerous is it that this man goes loose!Yet must not we put the strong law on him:He's loved of the distracted multitude,Who like not in their judgment, but their eyes;And where tis so, the offender's scourge is weigh'd,But never the offence. To bear all smooth and even,This sudden sending him away must seemDeliberate pause: diseases desperate grownBy desperate appliance are relieved,Or not at all” (IV.iii. 1-11) pg. 195

Act IV Scene iii• King sends G & R to take Hamlet to England• Says to give them letters- England to kill Hamlet

Claudius:“And, England, if my love thou hold'st at aught--

As my great power thereof may give thee sense,Since yet thy cicatrice looks raw and redAfter the Danish sword, and thy free awePays homage to us--thou mayst not coldly setOur sovereign process; which imports at full,By letters congruing to that effect,The present death of Hamlet. Do it, England;For like the hectic in my blood he rages,And thou must cure me: till I know 'tis done,Howe'er my haps, my joys were ne'er begun” (IV.iii.67-77) pg. 199

Act IV Scene iv

• Hamlet runs into Fortinbras on his way back to Denmark

• Fortinbras going to attack Poland

• Soliloquy

Act IV Scene v• Ophelia has gone mad pg. 205• Ophelia enters singing

– How can tell the difference between true love & some other?

– Her dead father– Sex

• “He is dead and gone, lady,He is dead and gone;At his head a grass-green turf,At his heels a stone” (IV.v. 34-37) pg. 207

• “By Gis and by Saint Charity,Alack, and fie for shame!Young men will do't, if they come to't;By cock, they are to blame.Quoth she, before you tumbled me,You promised me to wed.So would I ha' done, by yonder sun,An thou hadst not come to my bed” (IV.v.63-68) pg. 209

Act IV Scene v

• King says b/c of Hamlet, death of dad by Hamlet’s hand

• People are talking b/c we buried him so quickly

• Laertes has returned & is upset

Act IV Scene vClaudius:“O, this is the poison of deep grief; it springs

All from her father's death. O Gertrude, Gertrude,When sorrows come, they come not single spiesBut in battalions. First, her father slain:Next, your son gone; and he most violent authorOf his own just remove: the people muddied,Thick and unwholesome in their thoughts and whispers,For good Polonius' death; and we have done but greenly,In hugger-mugger to inter him: poor OpheliaDivided from herself and her fair judgment,Without the which we are pictures, or mere beasts:Last, and as much containing as all these,Her brother is in secret come from France;Feeds on his wonder, keeps himself in clouds,And wants not buzzers to infect his earWith pestilent speeches of his father's death;”(IV.v.81-98) pg. 211

Act IV Scene v

• She sings of flowers- symbolic • Ophelia further upsets Laertes

Ophelia:“There’s rosemary, that’s for remembrance…/

And there is pansies that’s for thoughts…There's fennel for you, and columbines: there's ruefor you; and here's some for me: we may call itherb-grace o' Sundays: O you must wear your rue witha difference. There's a daisy: I would give yousome violets, but they withered all when my fatherdied: they say he made a good end,--”(IV.v.198-209) pg. 217

Act IV Scene v

• Rosemary- remembrance

• Fennel- adulatory

• Columbines- unfaithfulness

• Daisy- unhappiness

• Violets- faithful (withered when her fathered died)

Act IV Scene v

• King says he is not to blame

Claudius:“Laertes, I must commune with your grief,

Or you deny me right. Go but apart,Make choice of whom your wisest friends you will.And they shall hear and judge 'twixt you and me:If by direct or by collateral handThey find us touch'd, we will our kingdom give,Our crown, our life, and all that we can ours,To you in satisfaction; but if not,Be you content to lend your patience to us,And we shall jointly labour with your soulTo give it due content” (IV.v.226-236) pg. 219

Act IV Scene vi Horatio- reading letter from Hamlet “'Horatio, when thou shalt have overlooked

this, give these fellows some means to the king:they have letters for him. Ere we were two days oldat sea, a pirate of very warlike appointment gave uschase. Finding ourselves too slow of sail, we put ona compelled valour, and in the grapple I boardedthem: on the instant they got clear of our ship; soI alone became their prisoner. They have dealt withme like thieves of mercy: but they knew what theydid; I am to do a good turn for them. Let the kinghave the letters I have sent; and repair thou to mewith as much speed as thou wouldst fly death. Ihave words to speak in thine ear will make theedumb; yet are they much too light for the bore ofthe matter…’” (IV. Vi. 13-26) pg. 221

Act Scene vi

• Horatio enters with a letter from Hamlet

• His ship attacked by pirates- jumped aboard their ship

• They treated him fairly as a prisoner

• Is coming with news- G & R still on their way to England

Act IV Scene vi Claudius to Laertes:“The queen his mother

Lives almost by his looks; and for myself--My virtue or my plague, be it either which--She's so conjunctive to my life and soul,That, as the star moves not but in his sphere,I could not but by her. The other motive,Why to a public count I might not go,Is the great love the general gender bear him;Who, dipping all his faults in their affection,Would, like the spring that turneth wood to stone,Convert his gyves to graces; so that my arrows,Too slightly timber'd for so loud a wind,Would have reverted to my bow again,And not where I had aim'd them” (IV. Vii. 13-26) pg. 223

Act IV Scene vii

• King tells Laertes that Hamlet is to blame

• Asks why Hamlet wasn’t killed– Loves mom – People love him

• Vows to revenge his father’s death

Act IV Scene v• Letter from Hamlet to Claudius - he is to return next day• Claudius’ plan: kill Hamlet & make it look like an accident

Letter:'High and mighty, You shall know I am set naked on

your kingdom. To-morrow shall I beg leave to seeyour kingly eyes: when I shall, first asking yourpardon thereunto, recount the occasion of my suddenand more strange return. 'HAMLET.'What should this mean? Are all the rest come back?Or is it some abuse, and no such thing?(IV. Vii. 49-55) pg. 225

Claudius:“To thine own peace. If he be now return'd,

As checking at his voyage, and that he meansNo more to undertake it, I will work himTo an exploit, now ripe in my device,Under the which he shall not choose but fall:And for his death no wind of blame shall breathe,But even his mother shall uncharge the practiceAnd call it accident” (IV. Vii. 69-76) pg. 227

• People have talked about your fencing skills- Hamlet envious (108-120 pg. 229)

1) Claudius: duel and you will choose the better sword (148-158 pg. 231)

2) Laertes: poison the tip of his sword to make sure (159-168 pg. 233)

3) Claudius: he’ll have a drink with poison in it for him to drink (169-185 pg. 233)

• Claudius needs to get rid of Hamlet to save himself- he uses Laertes

Act IV Scene vii• Queen enters- Ophelia has drowned• Suicide “There is a willow grows aslant a brook,

That shows his hoar leaves in the glassy stream;There with fantastic garlands did she comeOf crow-flowers, nettles, daisies, and long purplesThat liberal shepherds give a grosser name,But our cold maids do dead men's fingers call them:There, on the pendent boughs her coronet weedsClambering to hang, an envious sliver broke;When down her weedy trophies and herselfFell in the weeping brook. Her clothes spread wide;And, mermaid-like, awhile they bore her up:Which time she chanted snatches of old tunes;As one incapable of her own distress,Or like a creature native and induedUnto that element: but long it could not beTill that her garments, heavy with their drink,Pull'd the poor wretch from her melodious layTo muddy death” (VI.vii.190-208) pg. 233-235

Soliloquy

Act IV

Page 203

How all occasions do inform against me,And spur my dull revenge! What is a man,If his chief good and market of his timeBe but to sleep and feed? a beast, no more.Sure, he that made us with such large discourse,Looking before and after, gave us notThat capability and god-like reasonTo fust in us unused.

• How everything seems to work against me in getting revenge

• What good is man if he only eats & sleeps- makes him a beast

• God gave us the ability to reflect & learn from it • Didn’t not give it to us to let it go to waste

Now, whether it be Bestial oblivion, or some craven scruple Of thinking too precisely on the event, A thought which, quarter'd, hath but one part wisdom And ever three parts coward, I do not know Why yet I live to say 'This thing's to do;' Sith I have cause and will and strength and means To do't.

• What is stopping me? Animal unable to understand• Or am I being to precise? Thinking too much about it-

his wisdom is one quarter wisdom and three quarters cowardice

• He didn't know why he was saying, 'this still has to be done' since he had the reason and the desire and the strength and the means to do it.

• Examples as weighty as the earth keep urging him.

Witness this army of such mass and charge Led by a delicate and tender prince, Whose spirit with divine ambition puff'd Makes mouths at the invisible event, Exposing what is mortal and unsure To all that fortune, death and danger dare, Even for an egg-shell. Rightly to be great Is not to stir without great argument, But greatly to find quarrel in a straw When honour's at the stake.

• Look at young Fortinbras - puffed with divine ambition, scorning everything that fortune, death and danger could throw at him, leads this huge, expensive army to gain a piece of land that was nothing more than an eggshell.

• True greatness wasn't a matter of rushing into action for any trivial cause but when honor was at stake it was noble to act, no matter how trivial the cause was.

How stand I then, That have a father kill'd, a mother stain'd, Excitements of my reason and my blood, And let all sleep? while, to my shame, I see The imminent death of twenty thousand men, That, for a fantasy and trick of fame, Go to their graves like beds, fight for a plot Whereon the numbers cannot try the cause, Which is not tomb enough and continent To hide the slain? O, from this time forth, My thoughts be bloody, or be nothing worth!

• Where did he stand, then, his father murdered, his mother stained - two huge incentives - and not do anything?

• Shameful that he watched the imminent death of men as easily as one would go to bed, for almost no reason, fighting for a small piece of land - they wouldn't even fit on it, not even big enough for the fallen to be buried on.

Analysis• He is ready to do what is expected of him:

seek revenge

• Rid himself of sadness & uncertainty by proving Claudius’ guilt & confronting his mom- no longer has frustration- confident

• Hamlet admires Fortinbras, even if it means certain death

• He should be able to take action despite any consequence- his thoughts will reflect this