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Hakelsoft instruction

Hakelsoft software is intended for:

Hakelsoft is a software examining calculations according to EN 62305-2. Its challenge is to

simplify and streamline a project engineer’s work at risk management. Although this program

offers many useful guides, as lately as a qualified specialist use the software it becomes a real

powerful implement.

Hakelsoft software handling:

Risk print choose from R1 to R4 + evaluation / pic1/

Pic.1

Structure:

1) structure selection – from the structure type menu choose the suitable one /pic2/

2) accumulating area – if the accumulating area is known we can enter directly, or we enter

the basic shape /pic2/

3) position factor – from the position factor menu choose the suitable status /pic2/

4) stormy days – if known we enter directly, or we can search in help menu /pic2/

5) title – structure: enter name, type and structure location /pic2/

- elaborated by: my contact details (can be safed for further projects)

- notes: additional information about structure or project

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Pic. 2

Solution 1 (unprotected building) – actual status without preventive steps

a) incoming engineering services (input utilities)

1) power line (all metallic incoming services) – can be renamed after the type /pic3/

2) power line – segment (for the last segment location factor ) – can be renamed after the type

and location /pic3/

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Pic.3

1) power line type - choose from the menu for the last segment outdoor/cable. We enter the

above-grade height at the outdoor version or soil resistivity and segment length at the cable

version ( if the soil resistivity is unknown then 500Ωm is entered and if the length of the last

segment is unknown then 1000m is entered) /pic4/

2) segment shielding – from the segment shielding menu we choose the suitable data/pic4/

3) location segment factor – from the location factor menu we choose the suitable status /pic4/

4) background segment factor – from the background segment factor we choose the suitable

factor /pic4/

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Pic.4

b) LPZ zones – We split the building into LPZ zones by button „add LPZ“ according to the project

and press the button „duplicate“ /pic5/

Pic. 5

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1) external LPZ (existing precautions and contact resistance) –We enter the preventive

precautions against any accidents and from the soil type menu we choose the suitable one /pic6/

Pic. 6

1) internal LPZ – from the fire risk we choose the suitable, enter the precautions to reduce fire

effects, from the special risk menu we choose the suitable, mark a possibility of human life

risk while there is a 1 system failure, enter preventive precautions against any accident and

from the floor type menu we choose the suitable./pic7/

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Pic.7

1) addition of power system – from the menu with all power systems we add by button „add“

those power systems, which affect my building systems /pic8/

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Pic.8

3.1 – mark the equipment with suitable resistivity and the level of withstand voltages /pic9/

3.2 – from the equipment type choose the suitable one/pic9/

3.3 – from the layout circuit menu choose the suitable one /pic9/

3.4 – mark saving in metal channel /pic9/

Note: We fill up at all added power systems/pic9/

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Pic.9

c) losses

1) We enter clarified characteristics/pic10/

––

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Pic.10

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1) R1 – D1 – internal – enter the kind of loss calculation/pic11/

2) R1 – D1 – external – enter thi kind of loss calculation

3) R1 – D2 – internal- enter the kind of loss calculation

4) R1 – D3 – internal – enter the kind of loss calculation

5) R2 – D2 – internal – enter the kind of loss calculation

6) R2 – D3 – internal – enter the kind of loss calculation

7) R3 – D2 – internal – enter the kind of loss calculation

8) R4 – D1 – internal – enter the kind of loss calculation

9) R4 – D1 – external - enter the kind of loss calculation

10) R4 – D2 – internal – enter the kind of loss calculation

11) R4 – D3 - internal – enter the kind of loss calculation

Note: If we don’t want to calculate some of risks R1-R4 then we enter at loss calculation

„don’t mention“.

Pic.11

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d) risks

1) check of the value of risks R1 – R4 (follow values at each risks for establishment of

protective measures) /pic12/

Pic.12

e) evaluation of loss expenses /pic13/

1) currency set up – enter required currency

2) enter all known values required for evaluation of loss expenses

Note: If the valuation of loss expenses is not required it is possible to skip this point

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Pic.13

Protective measures

- in the fold Building by button „add“ add solutiona and by button „rename“ rename on solution

type (for one input parameters there is a posibility of two solutions ) /pic14/

Pic.14

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Solution 2 (protective measures)

a) entering power supply systems (fold Solution 2/entering power supply systems/circuit)

- enter in all entering network the suitable SPD and follow in fold Risks all changes on each power

lines /pic15/

Pic.15

b) LPZ (fold Solution 2/LPZ)

1) measures by means of LPS – choose presumed protection LPS /pic16/

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Pic.16

1) fold Solution 2/LPZ/internal zone/internal systems:circuit – from the menu coordinated

protection SPD choose presumed protection SPD /pic17/

Note: after check-up in Risks fold we can adjust the protective measures in particular circuits.

Combination of protection by LPS and SPD is used for the most efficient and economical solution.

For a comparison we can create Solution 3 and act the same way like at Solution 2. Enter the prices

of protective measures to Solution 2 fold/valuation of loss expenses or Solution 3/valuation of loss

expenses. The price of protective measures, which is not primarily created to reduce risk losses,

is appropriate to enter zero. If the valuation of loss expenses shouldn’t be done then it is possible

to skip this point.

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Pic.17

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EN 62 305-2

Causes of Losses

S1: strikes to the structure

S2: strikes next to the structure

S3: strikes to the engineering services (utilities)

S4: strikes next to the engineering services

Types of losses

D1: living being loss

D2: physical damage

D3: electric and electronic failure

Losses that can be attributed to the buildings

L1: risk of living being loss

L2: risk of public services loss

L3: risk of cultural heritage loss

L4: risk of economical value loss

Losses which may be assigned to engineering services are as follows:

L’2: risk of public services loss

L’4: risk of economical value loss

Risk valuation in the construction

R1: risk of living being loss

R2: risk of public services loss

R3: risk of cultural heritage loss

R4: risk of economical value loss

The risks valued in the engineering services can be as follows:

R’2: risk of public services loss

R’4: risk of economical value loss

Risk components for building construction due to strikes

RA: Part related to the loss of living beings due to touch voltages and stepping on an area of up to

3m outside of the building. There may also turn up losses of L1 type and in case structures

containing the cattle losses type L4 with potential animal losses.

RB: Part related to property damage caused by dangerous sparks inside the building, which initiates

fire or explosion, which could also endanger the environment. They can occur all types of losses

(L1, L2,L3 and L4).

RC: Part related to internal systems failure due to LEMP. In all cases, result in the loss of L2

and L4, together with the type of L1 in the case of buildings with a risk of explosion, hospitals

and another structures, where a failure of internal systems directly threaten human life.

Risk components for construction due to strikes next to the structure

RM: Part related to internal systems failure due to LEMP. In all cases,result in the loss of L2 and

L4, together with the type of L1 in the case of buildings with a risk of explosion and hospitals or

other structures, where failure of internal systems directly threaten human life.

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Components of risk for strikes due to the construction of emgimeering services connected to

the construction

RU: Part related to the accident of living beings due to touch and stepping voltages inside the

buildings, caused by lightning currents injected into the lead entering the building. Maywell be the

loss of type L1 and in the case of loss of agricultural buildings type L4 with potential losses of

animals.

RV: Part related to property damage (fire or explosion initiated dangerous sparking between

outdoor installations and pieces of metal, usually lead to entry into the building), caused by

lightning current- over or along the incoming engineering services. May turn up all types of losses

(L1, L2, L3, and L4).

RW: The part related to failure of internal systems caused by induced overvoltages in the input line

and transferred into the building. In all cases, there may be loss of L2 and L4, together with the type

of L1 in the case of buildings at risk of explosion and hospitals or other buildings, where the failure

of internal systems directly threaten human lives.

Parts of risk for the construction due to strikes in the vicinity of utility lines connected to the

building.

RZ: The part related to failure of internal systems caused by induced overvoltages in the input line

and transferred into the building. In all cases, there may be loss of L2 and L4, together with the type

of L1 in the case of buildings at risk of explosion and hospitals or other buildings, where the failure

of internal systems directly threaten human lives.

Parts of risk for the engineering networks due to strikes to the utilities.

R’V: The parts related to failure of power line and the connected equipment caused by overvoltages

induced into the power line. They may occur losses either type L'2 or L'4;

R’W: The parts related to failure of connected equipment caused by overvoltages induced to the

line. They may occur losses either type L'2 or L'4.

Parts of risk for the engineering network due to strikes in the vicinity of utilities.

R’Z: The parts related to failure of power line and the connected equipment caused by overvoltages

induced into the power line. They may occur losses either type L'2 or L'4.

Parts of risk for the engineering network due to strikes to the structure to which the

engineering network(utility) is connected

R’B: The parts related to the material damage caused by mechanical and thermal effects of the

lightning current flowing along the power line. They may occur losses either type L'2 or L'4.

R’C: The parts related to failure of the connected equipment caused by overvoltages transferred by

resistive coupling. They may occur losses either type L'2 or L'4.

Compounding the risk parts related to the construction.

Below are the parts of risk to be considered for each type of losses in the construction:

R1: The risk of losses of human lives:

R1= RA + RB +RC + RM + RU + RV+ RW + RZ

R2: The risk of losses of public services:

R2= RB + RC + RM + RV + RW + RZ

R3: The risk of losses of cultural heritage:

R3= RB + RV

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R4: The risk of losses of economic values:

R4= RA + RB + RC + RM + RU + RV + RW + RZ

Compounding the risk parts related to the the reason of damage.

R = RD + Rl

where

RD is a risk caused by strikes intervening to the structure (cause S1),which is described as a sum:

RD = RA + RB + RC

where Rl is a risk caused by strikes influencing the structure, but without any direct hits.

(causes: S2, S3 and S4). It is described as a sum of:

Rl = RM + RU + RV + RW + RZ

Compounding the risk parts related to the type of damage

R = RS + RF + RO

where RS is a risk of injury due to living beings (D1), which is described as a sum:

RS = RA + RU

RF is a risk due to physical damage (D2), which is described as a sum:

RF = RB + RV

RO is a risk due to internal systems failure (D3), which is described as a sum:

RO = RM + RC + RW + RZ

Compounding the risk parts regarding the damage reasons

R’ = R’D + R’I

where R’D is a risk due to strikes intervening to the engineering network (cause S3),

which is described as a sum:

R’D = R’V + R’W (15)

R’I is a risk due to strikes affecting the engineering network without any direct interferences

(causes S1 a S4), which is described as a sum:

R’I = R’B + R’C + R’Z

Part of the risk with regard to the type of damage

R’ = R’F + R’O

where R’F is a risk due to physical damage (D2), which is described as a sum:

R’F = R’V + R’B (18)

R’o is a risk of a failure of internal systems (D3), which is described as a sum:

R’o = R’W + R’Z + R’C

Risk management:

– identification of the protected object and its characteristics;

– identification of all types of losses in the object and the corresponding risk R (R1 to R4);

– risk determination of R for each type of loss (R1 to R4);

– valuation of protection needs by comparing the risks R1, R2 a R3 for the construction and for the

engineering network R’2 with acceptable risk RT;

– valuation of costs efficiency for protection by comparing the costs for total losses with protective

measures and without them.

For these costs valuation must be in this case performed the estimation of risk parts R4 for the

construction and R’4 for the enegineering network.

The construction under consideration for risk assessment

The construction under consideration includes:

– actual construction

– installations in the construction

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– contruction content

– people in construction zones or standing up to 3 m from the construction exterior

– environment affected by the contruction’s damage

Acceptable risk RT

Typical values of acceptable risk RT

Types of losses RT (y–1)

Loss of life or permanent injuries 10–5

Loss of public services 10–3

Loss of cultural heritage 10–3

Special procedures for evaluating the need of protection

According to IEC 62305-1 the valuation for the construction, which needs to be protected against

the lightning, shall consider the following risks:

– risk R1, R2 and R3 for constructions

– risk R’1 and R’2 for engineering networks (utilities)

For each of considered risks we must take the following steps:

– determination of parts RX, which constitute a risk;

– calculation of specified risk parts RX;

– calculation of total risk R (see 4.3);

– determination of acceptable risk RT;

– risk comparison R with acceptable value RT.

If R ≤ RT, the lightning protection is not necessary.

If R > RT must be taken protective measures to reduce R ≤ RT for all risks, to which the

construction is submitted.

RX = NX ×PX × LX

where NX is number of dangerous events per year

PX probability of structural damage

LX consequential losses