haida nation leadership and experience in mpa planning and ... · haida gwaii marine plan...
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Catherine Rigg . Jaad K’iinas
Haida Oceans Technical Team
Council of the Haida Nation (CHN)
Prepared for:
National Advisory Panel on MPA Standards
April 2018
Haida Nation leadership and experience in MPA planning and management
The Haida Nation is the rightful heir to Haida Gwaii. Our culture is born of respect; and intimacy with the land and sea and the air around us…. We owe our existence to Haida Gwaii. The living generation accepts the responsibility to ensure that our heritage is passed on to following generations…
Constitution of the Haida Nation, 2017
A living and leading culture
Protection of marine territory (including all species and habitats) has been a key mandate since the inception of the CHN in 1974
1985 – designation of Gwaii Haanas
1997 – designation of SGaan Kinghlas
2006/7 – designation of eleven Haida protected areas (with marine boundaries)
(additional restrictions on some marine activities in locations around Haida Gwaii)
Haida values, ethics and law
Yahguudang or Yakguudang—Respect
‘Laa guu ga kanhllns—Responsibility
Gina ‘waadluxan gud ad kwaagiida—Interconnectedness
Giid tll’juus—Balance
Gina k’aadang.nga gii uu tl’ k’anguudang—Seeking Wise Counsel
Isda ad diigii isda—Giving and Receiving
Guiding Principles Scientific principles of EBM
Yahguudang or Yakguudang—Respect Precautionary approach
‘Laa guu ga kanhllns—Responsibility Inclusive and participatory
Gina ‘waadluxan gud ad kwaagiida—
Interconnectedness
Integrated management
Giid tll’juus—Balance Sustainable use
Gina k’aadang.nga gii uu tl’
k’anguudang—Seeking Wise Counsel
Adaptive management
Isda ad diigii isda—Giving and Receiving Equitable sharing
“We came out of the Ocean … all over Haida Gwaii ... we can point to and say this is where our ancestors came out of the ocean.” – Gwaaganad (Gaaysiigang Ocean Forum 2009)
2006 Haida Marine Work Group established
2007 Haida Marine
Strategic Plan / Towards a MUP
2007-2011 Haida Gwaii Marine Planning
– A Haida Perspective
2008-2017 PNCIMA Plan
2011-2015 Haida Gwaii Marine Plan
2009-ongoing Draft SK-B MPA Management Plan
2010-ongoing Draft Gwaii Haanas Land-Sea-People
Management Plan
2009 Gaaysiigang Ocean
Forum
2009-2011 Haida Gwaii
Marine Market Sector Analysis
2007-2011 Haida Marine Traditional
Knowledge Study
2015 Lessons from the
Simushir Workshop
2016-ongoing MPA Network for the
Northern Shelf Bioregion
2012 Haida Gwaii Future
Scenarios Workshop
2010 Ocean and Way of Life
Map
Leadership in marine planning
2017-2018 Haida Gwaii EBM Monitoring Plan
2006 Haida Marine Work Group established
2017-ongoing Offshore AOI
Lessons Learned…
PNCIMA (2008-2017) Highlights
Enabled by partnership between 17 First Nations
Based on tripartite governance agreement between First Nations, BC and Canada
Identified MPA network planning as a priority for implementation
Challenges
High level strategic framework building on existing policy
No sub-regional spatial zoning (despite initial commitments)
Planning process delayed due to government conflict and divergent priorities
Haida Gwaii Marine Plan (2011-2015)
Highlights
Included sub-regional zoning that identified key ecological and cultural areas
Strengthened existing (and established new) CHN-BC cooperative structures
Established clear direction for tenure application review by CHN and BC
Integrated land and sea planning and management (built on land use plan)
Increased data, capacity and resources
Applied IUCN categories
Challenges
Assignment of IUCN categories difficult when key activities are outside scope of process
Lack of federal participation restricted scope of process and makes it difficult to address multi-jurisdictional issues
SGaan Kinghlas – Bowie Seamount (2009-ongoing)
Highlights
Established CHN-DFO cooperative management board
Recent agreement to close sablefish trap fishery to protect ecological and cultural values
Progress on completion of management plan
© Neil McDaniel
Challenges
Length of time to complete the management plan
Regulations did not address key management issues (eg, zoning, fishery management)
High turn-over in DFO staff and appointments
Division between DFO Fisheries Management and Ocean programs
Limited coordination between federal agencies on key issues (eg, DFO, NRCAN, ECCC, TC)
Limitations on data access and sharing
Gwaii Haanas (2010-ongoing) Highlights
Established CHN-Parks Canada-DFO cooperative management board (AMB)
Established technical (CHN-Parks Canada-DFO) planning team to support AMB
Extensive engagement and relationship building with key stakeholders
Integrated Land-Sea-People management plan
Challenges
Length of time to complete Gwaii Haanas Marine Agreement and management plan
Conflict over commercial herring fishery
Undefined role of the AMB in fisheries management
Lack of DFO capacity and turn-over in staff
Limitations on data access and sharing
MPA Network Planning (2016-ongoing) Highlights
Tripartite process (17 First Nations – Canada – BC) with strong technical engagement
Informed by Haida Gwaii Marine Plan zoning that reflects traditional and local knowledge and experience
High level of stakeholder engagement (sub-regional and regional)
Challenges
Governance structures not yet confirmed
Discrepancy in evaluation and consideration of existing vs new MPAs
Uncertainty around how IUCN categories will be applied to new MPAs
Ambitious timeline
Offshore Pacific AOI (2017-ongoing)
Highlights
Precautionary interim closure of bottom contact fisheries for a significant portion of the AOI
Challenges
Lacks best practice in First Nations engagement – AOI identification and announcement without agreements (eg, despite overlaps with traditional territories)
Governance structures with First Nations undefined
IUCN framework and MPA planning
Highlights
Helpful global framework that can provide consistency across planning processes and allows for comparison of progress across jurisdictions
Provides a spectrum of protection that enables flexibility (each MPA is unique)
Provides mechanism to recognize indigenous and community conserved areas
Challenges
Lack of clarity around acceptability of certain activities in IUCN categories
Variable application of IUCN categories – existing protected areas are designated based on management intent (vs actual restrictions)
Need for evaluation of the effectiveness of existing MPAs (eg, MPA network “Conservation Gap Analysis”)
MPA Standards – Governance and management Amend legislation and develop policy
framework to enable First Nations co-management of MPAs
Recognize and establish cooperative governance agreements with First Nations that establish structures to support cooperative decision-making
Engage First Nations in identification of Areas of Interest
Engage First Nations in drafting of regulations related to new and existing MPAs
Empower cooperative decision-making bodies to manage MPAs, including managing, restricting and closing fisheries
Require effective coordination between federal agencies (DFO, Parks Canada, Transport Canada, ECCC, INAC)
Require effective coordination within federal agencies (DFO Fisheries Management and Oceans programs)
Support staff continuity and relationship building in MPA planning and management
Require effective mechanisms for conflict resolution between governments (status quo should not be default)
Recognize Indigenous Protected and Conserved Areas
MPA Standards – Planning and design Apply traditional knowledge (place-based
cultural and ecological information over a long time frame)
Consider protection of ecological integrity a priority and use an EBM approach
Enable monitoring and enforcement authority of First Nation guardians
Incorporate First Nations principles and language into management plans
Manage MPAs to a higher standard with a lower threshold of risk (err on the side of caution)
Use interim protection mechanisms
Set realistic timelines and milestones to ensure continued planning progress
Prohibit harmful activities in MPAs (oil, gas and mineral exploration and development; open net-pen aquaculture; bottom trawling; alternative wind/tidal energy in high protection areas)
Require a significant portion of MPAs to be closed to extractive activities (eg, commercial and recreational fishing)
Require data sharing and access for all parties
Consider multiple scales and how different planning processes relate to each other
Develop robust stakeholder processes, including integrated advisory bodies that can support multiple processes
Haawa/Haaw’a
Catherine Rigg: [email protected]
Russ Jones: [email protected]
Chris McDougall: [email protected]