Hagia SophiaHagia Sophia

Mayra G. GarciaMayra G. GarciaEME 2040-7804EME 2040-7804

History/Architectural History/Architectural PresentationPresentationGrades 9-12Grades 9-12

Hagia SophiaHagia SophiaThe Mother ChurchThe Mother Church

Hagia Sophia, or Holy Wisdom is the mother Hagia Sophia, or Holy Wisdom is the mother church of all Eastern Christians. It was first erected church of all Eastern Christians. It was first erected during the reign of the Roman Emperor Constantine, during the reign of the Roman Emperor Constantine, and was consecrated in the year 360 A.D.and was consecrated in the year 360 A.D.

Although the church has undergone major Although the church has undergone major renovations since then, it is still considered to be one renovations since then, it is still considered to be one of the greatest architectural monuments of all times. of the greatest architectural monuments of all times. Starting off as a Christian Temple, it was then Starting off as a Christian Temple, it was then transformed into an Islamic mosque, and finally today transformed into an Islamic mosque, and finally today it stands as a secular museum.it stands as a secular museum.

Within the City of Within the City of IstanbulIstanbul

The Hagia Sophia currently The Hagia Sophia currently resides in Istanbul, Turkey. resides in Istanbul, Turkey.

The point of entry for the The point of entry for the majority of the tourists majority of the tourists

coming into Turkey is coming into Turkey is Istanbul.Istanbul.

The temple lies along a The temple lies along a seaport. Many other Early seaport. Many other Early

Christian churches Christian churches surround it although none surround it although none which surpasses it either which surpasses it either

in size or splendor.in size or splendor.

From Christian Temple to Islamic From Christian Temple to Islamic MosqueMosque

Emperor or Emperor or Sultan in charge Sultan in charge of Constructionof Construction

Year of Year of ConstructionConstruction

Desired Desired Architectural Architectural Design Design

Emperor Emperor Constantius Constantius

306-337306-337 basilica-type structure basilica-type structure with a rectangular floor with a rectangular floor plan, circular apse and plan, circular apse and timbered rooftimbered roof

Emperor Justinian Emperor Justinian 532-537532-537 ivory and gold icons ivory and gold icons and ornaments from and ornaments from ancient temples in ancient temples in Ephesus Ephesus

Emperor Emperor AndronieusAndronieus

13171317 walls were reinforced walls were reinforced on the exterior by on the exterior by pyramid-shaped pyramid-shaped buttresses buttresses

Sultan Mehmed IISultan Mehmed II 14531453 built an altar (mihrap) built an altar (mihrap) in the eastin the east

Sultan Murad IIISultan Murad III 1574-15351574-1535 Pulpit (minber) and Pulpit (minber) and preacher’s pew were preacher’s pew were built. built.

Sultan Abdulmecit Sultan Abdulmecit 18501850 Added the present day Added the present day Imperial PewImperial Pew

Quick TourQuick Tour

Take a quick tour Take a quick tour and learn more and learn more about the about the inauguration inauguration during the reign of during the reign of Emperor Justinian Emperor Justinian (532-537 A.D.)(532-537 A.D.)

Famous Architects of Famous Architects of Hagia SophiaHagia Sophia

Architect Ruffinos was hired during the reign of Emperor Architect Ruffinos was hired during the reign of Emperor Theodosius II, and the completion took place in the year 415 A.D. Theodosius II, and the completion took place in the year 415 A.D.

Anthemius Anthemius of of Trailles Trailles and and Isidorus Isidorus of of MiletusMiletus, were , were architects hired during one of the most extensive architects hired during one of the most extensive restoration of the temple. They were hired by the Emperor restoration of the temple. They were hired by the Emperor Justinian and were asked to construct “ a church Justinian and were asked to construct “ a church which was which was to surpass in magnificence all earlier churches.”to surpass in magnificence all earlier churches.”

The architect Tridat once again restored Hagia Sophia during a six The architect Tridat once again restored Hagia Sophia during a six year period starting in 988, and ending in 994. The temple had year period starting in 988, and ending in 994. The temple had gone massive damage caused by an earthquake.gone massive damage caused by an earthquake.

The Turkish architect The Turkish architect SinanSinan, built the two minarets in front of the , built the two minarets in front of the church during the reign of Sultan Murad III (1535-1574). church during the reign of Sultan Murad III (1535-1574).

The ManifestationThe Manifestation During the construction of the inner sanctuary there During the construction of the inner sanctuary there

was a disagreement between the Emperor Justinian was a disagreement between the Emperor Justinian and his builders as to whether its apse should have and his builders as to whether its apse should have one window or two. It was then reportedly settled one window or two. It was then reportedly settled when an angel of the Lord appeared, dressed as the when an angel of the Lord appeared, dressed as the Emperor Justinian with royal robes, and shoes, and Emperor Justinian with royal robes, and shoes, and spoke to the craftsman. He spoke to them saying “I spoke to the craftsman. He spoke to them saying “I will that there be a triple light, and that the conch be will that there be a triple light, and that the conch be made with three windows in the name of the Father, made with three windows in the name of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost.” The emperor, when the Son, and the Holy Ghost.” The emperor, when made aware of this apparition, fully knowing that he made aware of this apparition, fully knowing that he had not in fact left his palace, informed his builders, had not in fact left his palace, informed his builders, “As I have bidden thee, so do”. “As I have bidden thee, so do”.

Works CitedWorks Cited ““Forum of Augustus” Fori Imperiali 1999Forum of Augustus” Fori Imperiali 1999

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Halsall, Paul. “Procopius: Description of Hagia Sophia from De Halsall, Paul. “Procopius: Description of Hagia Sophia from De Aedificiis.” 1996.Aedificiis.” 1996.

http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/lect/med03.html.http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/lect/med03.html.

Huxley, G.L. Anthemius of Tralles. Massachusetts: Eaton P, 1959Huxley, G.L. Anthemius of Tralles. Massachusetts: Eaton P, 1959Kinross, Lord. Hagia Sophia. New York:  Arthur Dembner, Kinross, Lord. Hagia Sophia. New York:  Arthur Dembner,

19721972

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Mathematic and Architecture” Wikipedia 2004Mathematic and Architecture” Wikipedia 2004http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematics-and.architecturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematics-and.architecture

Teteriatnikov, Natalia. Mosaics of Hagia Sophia, Istanbul. Teteriatnikov, Natalia. Mosaics of Hagia Sophia, Istanbul. Wahshington, D.C.:  HarvardWahshington, D.C.:  Harvard

UP, 1998UP, 1998