hagi luncheon talk - 2015 rock goes · pdf fileterminologi petrofisika dan fisika batuan...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: HAGI LUNCHEON TALK - 2015 ROCK GOES · PDF fileTerminologi Petrofisika dan Fisika Batuan Petrophysics Rock Physics Petro => batuan batuan Archie (1950) SPWLA (1959) Archie Conference](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022020411/5a8a5c9b7f8b9afe568bcec1/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
DIGITAL ROCK PHYSICS:
A NEW TOOLS FOR BETTER UNDERSTAND OF
RESERVOIR PROPERTIES
Umar Fauzi - [email protected]
Fourier D. E. Latief - [email protected]
HAGI LUNCHEON TALK - 2015
ROCK GOES DIGITAL
![Page 2: HAGI LUNCHEON TALK - 2015 ROCK GOES · PDF fileTerminologi Petrofisika dan Fisika Batuan Petrophysics Rock Physics Petro => batuan batuan Archie (1950) SPWLA (1959) Archie Conference](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022020411/5a8a5c9b7f8b9afe568bcec1/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
OUTLINES
Introduction Characterization and Estimation of Physical Properties of Rocks Permeability, Elastic constants, Electric conductivity Digital reconstruction techniques Fluid flow in reconstructed porous rocks Discussion
![Page 3: HAGI LUNCHEON TALK - 2015 ROCK GOES · PDF fileTerminologi Petrofisika dan Fisika Batuan Petrophysics Rock Physics Petro => batuan batuan Archie (1950) SPWLA (1959) Archie Conference](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022020411/5a8a5c9b7f8b9afe568bcec1/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
INTRODUCTION
![Page 4: HAGI LUNCHEON TALK - 2015 ROCK GOES · PDF fileTerminologi Petrofisika dan Fisika Batuan Petrophysics Rock Physics Petro => batuan batuan Archie (1950) SPWLA (1959) Archie Conference](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022020411/5a8a5c9b7f8b9afe568bcec1/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Terminologi Petrofisika dan Fisika Batuan
Petrophysics Rock Physics
Petro => batuan batuan
Archie (1950)
SPWLA (1959)
Archie Conference (1990)
SRB – (1990-an)
Nur, Schoen, Gueguen
1st IWRP – 2011 di CSM
http://www.rockphysicists.org/
Dewar (2001) Seismik: sedikit Seismik: utama
DIGITAL ROCK PHYSICS
![Page 5: HAGI LUNCHEON TALK - 2015 ROCK GOES · PDF fileTerminologi Petrofisika dan Fisika Batuan Petrophysics Rock Physics Petro => batuan batuan Archie (1950) SPWLA (1959) Archie Conference](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022020411/5a8a5c9b7f8b9afe568bcec1/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Abbasi, N. (EAGE, Amsterdam, 2014):
-Evaluation of digital rock physics for routine and special core
analysis-
“DRP is an emerging technology with a wide spectrum of
applications for different conventional and unconventional
reservoirs.”
Saenger, dkk (2nd EAGE Workshop on Rock Physics 2014 ):
-Towards a representative rock model from a micro-CT image-
“Digital rock physics combines modern imaging with advanced
numerical simulations to analyze the physical properties of
rocks.”
INTRO. CONT.
![Page 6: HAGI LUNCHEON TALK - 2015 ROCK GOES · PDF fileTerminologi Petrofisika dan Fisika Batuan Petrophysics Rock Physics Petro => batuan batuan Archie (1950) SPWLA (1959) Archie Conference](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022020411/5a8a5c9b7f8b9afe568bcec1/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Quote: “(The) Truth (is) in the Detail”
Field Well Core Micro-sample
Bulk properties Detail components
„inner beauty‟
![Page 7: HAGI LUNCHEON TALK - 2015 ROCK GOES · PDF fileTerminologi Petrofisika dan Fisika Batuan Petrophysics Rock Physics Petro => batuan batuan Archie (1950) SPWLA (1959) Archie Conference](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022020411/5a8a5c9b7f8b9afe568bcec1/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Field – Well - Core Micro-images
Bulk properties Detail microstructures
Porosity Pore structure
Pore connectivity (connected, isolated)
Pore/throat size distribution
Saturation Fluid distribution
Type of fluids Type of fluids
Saturation processes Mechanism of saturation processes
Permeability Percolation (Pc, l)
Connectivity (z,th)
Relative permeability Relative permeability
Conductivity Detail components (z, te)
Elasticity (Velocity) Components (grains, fluids): K, m
Mechanisms (grain contacts, Sw, etc)
![Page 8: HAGI LUNCHEON TALK - 2015 ROCK GOES · PDF fileTerminologi Petrofisika dan Fisika Batuan Petrophysics Rock Physics Petro => batuan batuan Archie (1950) SPWLA (1959) Archie Conference](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022020411/5a8a5c9b7f8b9afe568bcec1/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Map of physical
properties
What do cause change in
-Physical properties (AI, s ,etc)?
![Page 9: HAGI LUNCHEON TALK - 2015 ROCK GOES · PDF fileTerminologi Petrofisika dan Fisika Batuan Petrophysics Rock Physics Petro => batuan batuan Archie (1950) SPWLA (1959) Archie Conference](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022020411/5a8a5c9b7f8b9afe568bcec1/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Physical properties of rocks depend on:
Solid/Matrix
Pore structures
Fluid content
gas
water
Complexity of rocks
![Page 10: HAGI LUNCHEON TALK - 2015 ROCK GOES · PDF fileTerminologi Petrofisika dan Fisika Batuan Petrophysics Rock Physics Petro => batuan batuan Archie (1950) SPWLA (1959) Archie Conference](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022020411/5a8a5c9b7f8b9afe568bcec1/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Earth-Science Reviews 123 (2013), V. Cnudde and M.N. Boone
High-resolution X-ray computed tomography in geosciences: A
review of the current technology and applications
….Driven by the technological and computational progress, the
technique is continuously growing as an analysis tool in geosciences
and is becoming one of the standard techniques, …….
It is foreseen that this number will continue to rise, and micro-CT
will become an indispensable technique in the field of geosciences….
Leading Edge, June 2012, Vernik, L. and Kachanov, M.
On some controversial issues in rock physics
….. The misconceptions seem to be rooted in the fact that this
broader discussion has remained largely unknown in the exploration
and development geophysics community…….
![Page 11: HAGI LUNCHEON TALK - 2015 ROCK GOES · PDF fileTerminologi Petrofisika dan Fisika Batuan Petrophysics Rock Physics Petro => batuan batuan Archie (1950) SPWLA (1959) Archie Conference](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022020411/5a8a5c9b7f8b9afe568bcec1/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Benefit of digital rock physics (practical):
> repeatable,
> non-destructive,
> easy and quick,
> easy to transfer
> sample „flexible‟
Conceptual:
> Hypothesis => reality
> „manipulation scheme‟
> “visible”
ADVANTAGES
![Page 12: HAGI LUNCHEON TALK - 2015 ROCK GOES · PDF fileTerminologi Petrofisika dan Fisika Batuan Petrophysics Rock Physics Petro => batuan batuan Archie (1950) SPWLA (1959) Archie Conference](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022020411/5a8a5c9b7f8b9afe568bcec1/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
DIGITAL IMAGING EQUIPMENTS
![Page 13: HAGI LUNCHEON TALK - 2015 ROCK GOES · PDF fileTerminologi Petrofisika dan Fisika Batuan Petrophysics Rock Physics Petro => batuan batuan Archie (1950) SPWLA (1959) Archie Conference](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022020411/5a8a5c9b7f8b9afe568bcec1/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
EQUIPMENTS: LOM: Light Optical Microscopy
SEM: Scanning Electron Microscope
STM: Scanning Tunneling Microscope
SAXS: Small Angle X-ray Scattering
SANS: Small Angle Neutron Scattering
3-D Reconstruction
(FAUZI & NOMEIRA, 2008) Optical Microscopy
![Page 14: HAGI LUNCHEON TALK - 2015 ROCK GOES · PDF fileTerminologi Petrofisika dan Fisika Batuan Petrophysics Rock Physics Petro => batuan batuan Archie (1950) SPWLA (1959) Archie Conference](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022020411/5a8a5c9b7f8b9afe568bcec1/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Scanning Electron Microscope
X-ray micro-CT
4 mm
![Page 15: HAGI LUNCHEON TALK - 2015 ROCK GOES · PDF fileTerminologi Petrofisika dan Fisika Batuan Petrophysics Rock Physics Petro => batuan batuan Archie (1950) SPWLA (1959) Archie Conference](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022020411/5a8a5c9b7f8b9afe568bcec1/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
CHARACTERIZATION AND
ESTIMATION OF PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ROCKS
![Page 16: HAGI LUNCHEON TALK - 2015 ROCK GOES · PDF fileTerminologi Petrofisika dan Fisika Batuan Petrophysics Rock Physics Petro => batuan batuan Archie (1950) SPWLA (1959) Archie Conference](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022020411/5a8a5c9b7f8b9afe568bcec1/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
TWO POINT CORRELATION FUNCTIONS
T(0) =f
T’(0) ~ S
Pore radius
Grain radius
T m nN
f fi ij j
ij i m j n( , )max
max
,
1
11
T r r f x r f x r( , ) ( ) ( ) 1 2 1 2
Poreinxif
Matrixtheinxiffij
1
0
![Page 17: HAGI LUNCHEON TALK - 2015 ROCK GOES · PDF fileTerminologi Petrofisika dan Fisika Batuan Petrophysics Rock Physics Petro => batuan batuan Archie (1950) SPWLA (1959) Archie Conference](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022020411/5a8a5c9b7f8b9afe568bcec1/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
SIMPLE ANALYTICAL FORMULA Simple capillary model:
L
l
Electrical conductivity of rock:
sr: effective electrical conductivity of rock se: electrical conductivity of fluid f : porosity te : electrical tortuosity (l/L)
F : Formation factor
2
e
frt
fss
2
3
Sfk
ht
f
Permeability: f: shape factor
S: Specific surface area
th : hydraulic tortuosity
r
fF
s
s
![Page 18: HAGI LUNCHEON TALK - 2015 ROCK GOES · PDF fileTerminologi Petrofisika dan Fisika Batuan Petrophysics Rock Physics Petro => batuan batuan Archie (1950) SPWLA (1959) Archie Conference](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022020411/5a8a5c9b7f8b9afe568bcec1/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Fauzi (1997) – 2D
PERMEABILITY
![Page 19: HAGI LUNCHEON TALK - 2015 ROCK GOES · PDF fileTerminologi Petrofisika dan Fisika Batuan Petrophysics Rock Physics Petro => batuan batuan Archie (1950) SPWLA (1959) Archie Conference](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022020411/5a8a5c9b7f8b9afe568bcec1/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
f k
keq
z
zkp
k
kp
kz
keq
dk( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
21
21
21
0
l
2
3)(
S
ckff
k ko p pct ( )
0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00percolation probability
1E+1
1E+2
1E+3
1E+4
perm
eabili
ty (
mD
)
LPT EMA
measured k
2 4 6 8
coordination number (z)
1E+3
k (
mD
)
EMA (UC_62)
measured k
LPT-Approach
EMA
PERKOLASI DAN KONEKTIVITAS
Hilfer (1991):
Mavko & Nur (1997):
Fauzi dkk (2002):
Fauzi (1997)
![Page 20: HAGI LUNCHEON TALK - 2015 ROCK GOES · PDF fileTerminologi Petrofisika dan Fisika Batuan Petrophysics Rock Physics Petro => batuan batuan Archie (1950) SPWLA (1959) Archie Conference](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022020411/5a8a5c9b7f8b9afe568bcec1/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
(LATIEF ET AL., 2008)
PERCOLATION PROBABILITY
See also:
Kalam, 2012, Digital Rock Physics for fast and accurate special core analysis in corbonates, Intech
![Page 21: HAGI LUNCHEON TALK - 2015 ROCK GOES · PDF fileTerminologi Petrofisika dan Fisika Batuan Petrophysics Rock Physics Petro => batuan batuan Archie (1950) SPWLA (1959) Archie Conference](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022020411/5a8a5c9b7f8b9afe568bcec1/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
TRACER INLET
TRACER OUTLET
Tortuosity
(flow path) TORTUOSITY VS POROSITY (FAUZI ET AL., 2007)
![Page 22: HAGI LUNCHEON TALK - 2015 ROCK GOES · PDF fileTerminologi Petrofisika dan Fisika Batuan Petrophysics Rock Physics Petro => batuan batuan Archie (1950) SPWLA (1959) Archie Conference](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022020411/5a8a5c9b7f8b9afe568bcec1/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
References for
Capillary pressure:
Kalam, 2012, Digital Rock Physics for fast and accurate special core
analysis in corbonates, Intech
Elastic constants:
- Prokopiev and Sevostianov, Int J Fract, 2007;
- Andra et al, 2013, Computer and Geosciences 50;
- dan lain-lain.
![Page 23: HAGI LUNCHEON TALK - 2015 ROCK GOES · PDF fileTerminologi Petrofisika dan Fisika Batuan Petrophysics Rock Physics Petro => batuan batuan Archie (1950) SPWLA (1959) Archie Conference](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022020411/5a8a5c9b7f8b9afe568bcec1/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
8 12 16 20 24
measured formation factor
0.10
1.00
10.00
rati
o e
sti
ma
ted
/meas
ure
d F
Fauzi (1997): 2D – EMA & Archie
FORMATION FACTOR
![Page 24: HAGI LUNCHEON TALK - 2015 ROCK GOES · PDF fileTerminologi Petrofisika dan Fisika Batuan Petrophysics Rock Physics Petro => batuan batuan Archie (1950) SPWLA (1959) Archie Conference](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022020411/5a8a5c9b7f8b9afe568bcec1/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
ANISOTROPY
0
50
250
1000
2000
0
50
250
1000
2000
Low
High
mD
500 1500 25000 1000 2000
measured k (mD)
0.8
1.2
1.6
2.0
ratio
k_m
ax/k
_min
(Fauzi, 2009)
![Page 25: HAGI LUNCHEON TALK - 2015 ROCK GOES · PDF fileTerminologi Petrofisika dan Fisika Batuan Petrophysics Rock Physics Petro => batuan batuan Archie (1950) SPWLA (1959) Archie Conference](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022020411/5a8a5c9b7f8b9afe568bcec1/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
DISCUSSION
![Page 26: HAGI LUNCHEON TALK - 2015 ROCK GOES · PDF fileTerminologi Petrofisika dan Fisika Batuan Petrophysics Rock Physics Petro => batuan batuan Archie (1950) SPWLA (1959) Archie Conference](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022020411/5a8a5c9b7f8b9afe568bcec1/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Km
100 Hz m
30 kHz mm
100 kHz mm
Scaling problems:
Complexity: heterogeneity,
anisotropy
![Page 27: HAGI LUNCHEON TALK - 2015 ROCK GOES · PDF fileTerminologi Petrofisika dan Fisika Batuan Petrophysics Rock Physics Petro => batuan batuan Archie (1950) SPWLA (1959) Archie Conference](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022020411/5a8a5c9b7f8b9afe568bcec1/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
10-2
10-1
100
101
102
103
104
105
Scale of measurement (m)
10-6
10-9
10-12
10-15
10-18
10-21
10-24
P
E
R
M
E
A
B
I
L
I
T
Y
(m2)
Laboratory In situ (field)
Borehole regional
k ~ L2 k ~ L
-1
10-2
10-1
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
frekwensi (Hz)
Seismic akustik Ultrasonik K
E
C
G
E
L
S
E
I
S
M
I
K
Low-porous, low permeable rocks
high-porous, high permeable rocks
Renshaw (1998), Vila et al. (1996), Moerig (1994), etc.
![Page 28: HAGI LUNCHEON TALK - 2015 ROCK GOES · PDF fileTerminologi Petrofisika dan Fisika Batuan Petrophysics Rock Physics Petro => batuan batuan Archie (1950) SPWLA (1959) Archie Conference](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022020411/5a8a5c9b7f8b9afe568bcec1/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
ALTERNATIVES REV: Representative Elementary Volume
Representative models
Up-scaling techniques:
Averaging
Homogenization (EMA)
Renormalization
Simplification:
- Tensor => Scalar
- Heterogeneous => Homogoneous
- Anisotropic => Isotropic
- „variation‟ => „trends‟
![Page 29: HAGI LUNCHEON TALK - 2015 ROCK GOES · PDF fileTerminologi Petrofisika dan Fisika Batuan Petrophysics Rock Physics Petro => batuan batuan Archie (1950) SPWLA (1959) Archie Conference](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022020411/5a8a5c9b7f8b9afe568bcec1/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
1E+1 1E+2
pixel width (µm)
1E-3
1E-2
1E-1
1E+0
po
ros
ity
& s
pe
cif
ic s
urf
ac
e a
rea (
1/µ
m)
PorositySlope = -0.18
Specific surface areaSlope = -0.463
UC_3
Fauzi (1997)
Latief & Fauzi (2012)
The Statistical Physics of Sedimentary Rocks:‘The complexity of million-year-old sedimentary rock is being unraveled by such modern concepts of random systems as fractals, percolation and diffusion-limited growth’ (Wong P. Z., Physics Today, 1988)
![Page 30: HAGI LUNCHEON TALK - 2015 ROCK GOES · PDF fileTerminologi Petrofisika dan Fisika Batuan Petrophysics Rock Physics Petro => batuan batuan Archie (1950) SPWLA (1959) Archie Conference](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022020411/5a8a5c9b7f8b9afe568bcec1/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Imbibition
Drainage
Drainage
Imbibition Drainage
Drainage
Imbibition
Imbibition
HYSTERISIS IN FLUID SATURATION
ILLUSTRATION OF FLOWS IN PORE
![Page 31: HAGI LUNCHEON TALK - 2015 ROCK GOES · PDF fileTerminologi Petrofisika dan Fisika Batuan Petrophysics Rock Physics Petro => batuan batuan Archie (1950) SPWLA (1959) Archie Conference](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022020411/5a8a5c9b7f8b9afe568bcec1/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
TERIMA KASIH