hadronic decay modes of b
DESCRIPTION
Hadronic decay modes of b. Yu Jia Institute of High Energy Physics, CAS, Beijing (based on hep-ph/0611130 ) 5 th International Workshop on Heavy Quarkonia, 17-20 October 2007, DESY. Outline. 1. Current experimental status of the b 2. Peculiarity about the decay mode - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
1
Hadronic decay modes of b
Yu Jia
Institute of High Energy Physics, CAS, Beijing
(based on hep-ph/0611130)
5th International Workshop on Heavy Quarkonia,17-20 October 2007, DESY
2
Outline
1. Current experimental status of the b
2. Peculiarity about the decay mode b J/ + J/ Calculation of the decay rate in the NRQCD factoriz
ation framework.
Discovery potential of this very clean decay mode at Tevatron Run II and LHC
3
Outline (cont’)
3. Estimates of branching ratios for other hadronic decay modes of b
b VV, VP (e.g. , D*D* and D*D) b 3 P (e.g. KS K )
4. Summary
4
What is special about b ?
The missing pseudoscalar ground state of bottomonium family
Its existence is a solid prediction of QCD
After 30 years extensive searches, still NO conclusive evidence about its existence
5
Mass of b
Various models estimated the mass splitting between (1S) and b about 20-140 GeV
Latest model-independent estimation (exploiting pNRQCD RG technique) Kniehl et al (PRL 04) M(b ) = 9.421 0.013 GeV
6
Why it is so difficult to observe b
Because of its heavy mass, many hadronic decay channels of b partition the branching ratio
For a given decay channel, the branching ratio is diluted at least by a factor (mc/mb)
4 relative to c decay.
In general, clean modes have rather small branching ratios, overshadowed by copious background events at hadron collider.
7
One candidate event found in collision at LEP2 ALEPH (PLB 02)
8
b KS K¯ ¯ + +
A fit gives: M(b) = 9.30 0.03 GeV
Lower than most theoretical predictions!
Most probably due to background
fluctuation or/ probably missing a 0
9
b J/+J/: An ideal searching
mode?? Inspired by relatively large branching
ratios of c , , one may argue the analogous double J/ decay channel
b J/ + J/ 4
may have bright chance to be observed at Tevatron Run II
Braaten, Fleming, Leibovich (PRD
01)
10
Estimate based on simple counting
From experimental value (PDG 06 edition) :
Br[c ] = 0.0027 0.0009
Assuming Br ~ 1/mb4 scaling, one gets
11
CDF Run I preliminary (Tseng, 02)
7 events are seen, 1.8 expected from background A fit gives M(b ) = 9.445 0.006 (stat) GeV
12
Potential pitfall of this analogy
Reminder: cVV is very suppressed in pQCD
e.g., light-cone approach generates vanishing amplitude even when light quark mass is kept nonzero
Anselmino, Murgia and Caruso (PRD 90) or very small in constituent quark model approach Y. J., Ms thesis (98), Jia & Zhao (HP&NP, 99) Therefore, the large experimental branching ratio se
ems to arise from nonperturbative mechanism
13
Analogy between cVV and b J/ J/ may be superficial
One should not draw straightforward analogy from c to b -- the major mechanism governing exclusive decay can be rather different
b J/J/ is not expected to have room to accommodate large nonperturbative effect
PQCD is expected to be reliable in this case
14
Some light shed by inclusive 4-
charm decay rate of b
Maltoni’s talk
Maltoni and Polosa (PRD, 04)
Even the low end of the simple estimate based on Br ~ 1/mb
4 assumption for Br[b J/ J/] is
larger than the inclusive 4-charm rate
15
Our goal: calculate the decay rate from NRQCD factorization
QCD diagram
fragmentation-type QED diagram
16
Angular Momentum Conservation requires: = ̃
The favorable decay is through (, ̃ ) = (0,0)
However, the helicity-conserving decay is strictly forbidden in such an “unnatural” process.
Chernyak and Zhitnitsky (NPB, 82)
Hadron Helicity Selection Rule Brodsky and Lepage (PRD 81)
17
(, ̃ ) = (0,0) helicity state strictly forbidden: a quick proof
No enough number of independent Lorentz vectors to contract with anti-symmetric tensor for (0,0) state.
Equivalently, because of <10|10;10>=0 Y. J., MS thesis (98)
Two J/ must be transversely polarized
18
Keeping transverse momentum of c plays a crucial role
LO NRQCD amplitude vanishes
Should go to NLO in v expansion Keep transverse momentum of c inside J/ is essen
tial to generate a nonzero amplitude. Helicity selection rule is violated by two units, th
erefore Br ~ 1/mb8 (power correction)
19
NRQCD (color-singlet model) calculation
QCD contribution QED contribution
20
Phenomenological Input
Using ee = 5.55 0.14 keV to extract (0)
I borrow the input of <v2>J/ from Bodwin et al (PRD 06)
21
Numerical result
About 3 orders of magnitude smaller than the estimatebased on naive scaling assumption!
22
Consistency check of my prediction
The color-singlet model prediction
Perfectly compatible with the inclusive bound set by the decay ratio to 4 charm quark
23
Can we find 4 mode of b at Tevatron?
The J/ can be cleanly reconstructed through decay to muon pair.
Br[J/ +- ] 6 We get Br[b J/ + J/ 4 ] (0.2-2.4) 10-10
24
Can we find 4 mode of b at Tevatron? (cont’)
Using [b] 2.5 b @ Tevatron
Maltoni and Polosa (PRD, 04)
[b] Br[b J/ + J/ 4 ] (0.050.6) fb
25
The answer is absolutely no for Tevatron Run I
Tevatron Run I: 100 pb-1 data
0.0050.06 produced events
Not yet taking into account the acceptance and efficiency Will further cut down the number
Therefore, the 7 events observed at CDF Run I (Tseng, 02) must not be identified with the true b signal, merely are statistical fluctuations of continuum background events
26
The answer is still very negative even for Tevatron Run II
Tevatron Run II: 8.5 fb-1 data by 2009
0.45 produced events
Acceptance & efficiency of detecting muons, plus kinematical cuts will decrease these numbers by additional two orders of magnitude
The chance for Run II to establish this decay channel seems rather unrealistic
27
Can we find 4 decay mode of b at LHC?
Let us guess [b] 15 b @ LHC
LHC design luminosity: 300 fb-1 per year
1001000 produced events per year
Including acceptance & efficiency for reconstructing muon pairs (=0.1), we estimate
110 observed events per year
28
The answer is perhaps YES for LHC
However, one worries about that a few signal events are overwhelmed by rather copious background events.
More study on background is welcome. Most important background is through direct double J/ production via gluon fusion: g g J/ J/+X Barger, Fleming, Phillips (PLB 96)
Qiao (PRD 02)
29
Other exclusive hadronic decay modes of b
Our NRQCD-based method may be superficially applied to b VV processes.
Equivalent to constitute quark model, hopefully can catch the right order of
magnitude.
Estimating other decay (e.g., b VP, 3P) by resorting to helicity selection rule
30
b decay into VV
The NRQCD-based formula may be superficially applied to b VV, hopefully will catch the right order of magnitude.
Taking <v2> 1 to characterize relativistic nature of strange quark inside
31
b decay into VP
SU(3)F + Helicity selection rule
We estimate
32
b decay to two charmed mesons
Suggestions are made to search for b through decay to D*D or D*D*
Maltoni and Polosa (PRD, 04)
With saturation assumption, they expect
33
b decay into D*D: an estimate
Since b D*D satisfy helicity conservation, one then expects Br ~ 1/mb
4
The binding probability between a heavy charm and
a light q to form charm meson is ~ QCD/mc
Braaten, Jia and Mehen (PRD,02) Therefore I estimate
34
b decay into D*D*: an estimate Since b D* D* violates helicity selection rule maxi
mally, we expect that Br ~ 1/mb8
Again, q is the cause of the violation of selection rule
Therefore I estimate
35
Discovery potential of b D*+D- at hadron collider
Br[b D*+D- K+ K¯ + ¯ + ¯ ]
10-8
Therefore, one expects ~ O(100) produced events at Tevatron Run I
~ O(102) produced events at Tevatron Run II
~ O(104) produced events at LHC per year
36
b D*D from perturbative QCD calculation
The amplitude vanishes in the exact heavy quark spin symmetry limit.
Y.Y.Charng and Y.J. (work in progress)
So the actual branching ratio receives an
additional QCD/mc symmetry-breaking suppression, its value might be even smaller than the scaling estimate in previous slide.
37
b decay into 3 pseudoscalar
Stimulated by one experimental observation Largest branching ratios of c come from 3-b
ody decays instead of 2-body decays
PDG 06
38
b decay into 3P (cont’) Since these decay modes are most preferred,
we assume they exhibit leading-twist scaling
Br ~ 1/mb4
Therefore I expect
39
b decay into 3P (cont’) A potentially good searching mode is b KS K
b K+ K- 0 is not so useful since ubiquitous 0 events in hadronic collision environment .
This exclusive mode has the largest branching ratio ~10-4 in what so far we have analyzed for b decay.
However, copious combinatorial background events may make the search rather difficult at hadron collider.
40
Summary Have performed a pQCD calculation for b J/ + J/ Find the branching ratio is very suppressed.
The LO velocity expansion in NRQCD leads to vanishing amplitude.
Must expand the amplitude to the NLO in v2
Transverse momentum of c inside J/ is the agent to violate the helicity selection rule
41
Summary (cont’) Very suppressed branching ratio implies that Run I CDF result
s (Tseng, 02) should be attributed to fluctuations of background events
It also casts doubt on the experimental efforts of searching for b through double J/ channel at Tevatron Run II
For a different point of view Santorelli’s talk
This decay channel might be worth continuing pursuit at LHC
42
Summary (cont’)
It is useful to look for other hadronic decay modes which have clean signature
b KS K with a branching ratio of 10-4 may be
worth looking for, but combinatorial background is worrisome
b K* K, D*+ D- with a branching ratio of 10-5 may be difficult to search
43
Summary (cont’)
Exclusive decay modes with clean signature, not necessarily to be hadronic, should also be studied
For example, b J/+ seems much more efficie
nt than b J/+J/ Qiao’s talk
44
Backup Slides
45
A possible Nonperturbative
Explanation for large Br[cVV]
c--’ mixing via anomaly Feldman and Kroll (PRD 00) /or via perturbative box diagram
Zhou, Ping & Zou (PRD 05)
Light quark pair from vacuum to materialize into VV 3P0 model