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March 2014

Habitats Regulations Assessment Report Appendix F Summary of appropriate assessment SPAs and Ramsar sites Application Reference: 5.2.6

DOGGER BANK TEESSIDE A & B

F-OFL-RP-009 App.F Issue 2 © 2014 Forewind HRA Report Appendix F Page ii


F-OFL-RP-009 App.F Issue 2 © 2014 Forewind HRA Report Appendix F Page iii

Document Title Dogger Bank Teesside A & B

Habitats Regulations Assessment

HRA Report

Forewind Document Reference F-OFL-RP-009 App.F Issue 2

Date March 2014

Drafted by Dr Richard Cottle / Peter Thornton

Checked by Angela Lowe

Date / initials check

March 2014

Approved by Gareth Lewis

Date / initials approval

March 2014

Forewind Approval

Date / Reference approval Gareth Lewis March 2014


F-OFL-RP-009 App.F Issue 2 © 2014 Forewind HRA Report Appendix F Page iv

Title: HRA Report Appendix F - Summary of appropriate assessment SPAs and Ramsar sites

Contract No. (if applicable) Onshore Offshore

Document Number: F-OFL-RP-009 App.F

Issue No: 2

Issue Date: March 2014

Status: Issued for 1st. Technical Review Issued for 2nd. Technical Review

Issued for PEI3 Issued for DCO

Prepared by: Dr Richard Cottle / Peter Thornton

Checked by: Gareth Lewis

Approved by: Angela Lowe

Signature / Approval (Forewind)

Approval Date: March 2014

Revision History

Date Issue No. Remarks / Reason for Issue Author Checked Approved

10-10-13 1 PEI3 Submission RC/PT AL GL

20-03-14 2 Final for 1st Technical Review RC/PT AL GL


F-OFL-RP-009 App.F Issue 2 © 2014 Forewind HRA Report Appendix F Page v

Table of Tables

Table D1 Summary of appropriate assessment outcomes for SPAs and Ramsar sites in

the UK .................................................................................................................................. 1

Table E2 Summary of appropriate assessment outcomes for SPAs and Ramsar sites in

Belgium ............................................................................................................................ 306


Denmark .......................................................................................................................... 314


France .............................................................................................................................. 318


Germany .......................................................................................................................... 415


the Netherlands ............................................................................................................... 441


Norway ............................................................................................................................. 463


Sweden ............................................................................................................................ 476


F-OFL-RP-009 App.F Issue 2 HRA Report Appendix F Page 1 © 2014 Forewind

Table D1 Summary of appropriate assessment outcomes for SPAs and Ramsar sites in the UK

Site and Designation

Qualifying site features screened into assessment

Identified impact

Assessment summary Conclusion

Abberton Reservoir SPA

Article 4.1 - wintering – Golden plover. Article 4.2 (migratory) wintering - Gadwall, shoveler, and teal. Article 4.2 (assemblage) - wintering - Black-tailed godwit, lapwing, coot, goldeneye, tufted duck, pochard, pintail, wigeon, great-crested grebe, shoveler, teal, gadwall, and golden plover.

Collision risk Project alone – for all species for which migration zones overlap with the development area it is calculated that on an annual basis the potential mortality associated with collision risk is likely to represent significantly less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations (see Table 6.28 and Section 6.6 in Appendix B of the HRA Report).

No adverse effect on integrity

In combination – collision risk estimates for migratory species were available for six other projects (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report), including Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D. For Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D the collision risk is likely to represent significantly less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). For Hornsea Project One, potential collision risk and mortality estimates were calculated for twelve selected species of waterbird (seven waders and five waterfowl) based on a relatively high proportion of birds occurring within the regional SPAs close to the proposed Hornsea Project One wind farm development. The migratory paths of all twelve species (including black-tailed godwit, lapwing, wigeon and golden plover) also overlap with the Dogger Bank Zone and therefore potential cumulative impacts on migratory populations could occur. Collision losses for migratory golden plover, goldeneye and tufted duck from the Inch Cape project were also identified. For the other projects considered, only two species (barnacle goose and common scoter) had migratory paths that overlapped with the Dogger Bank Zone. For all species for which migration zones overlap with the development area and other project areas it is calculated that on an annual basis the potential mortality associated with collision risk would represent less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations. See Table 7.38 and Section 7.8 in Appendix B of the HRA Report.






Identified impact


Abberton Reservoir SPA (continued from above)

Article 4.1 - wintering – Golden plover. Article 4.2 (migratory) wintering - Gadwall, shoveler, and teal. Article 4.2 (assemblage) - wintering - Black-tailed godwit, lapwing, coot, goldeneye, tufted duck, pochard, pintail, wigeon, great-crested grebe, shoveler, teal, gadwall, and golden plover. (continued from above)

Barrier effects Project alone – for migratory species the percentages of Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations estimated to pass through the project areas at risk height (following Wright et al. (2012)) and thus exposed to potential barrier effects were less than 1% for most species considered, but greater than 1% for 17 species’ populations (see Table 6.25 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). The shortest approximately east-west route across the North Sea passing through the project, equates to an increase of 4% on the ca. 575km route in order for birds to circumvent the project area. For all other routes, the potential percentage increase in the migration route would be less than 4%. Based on the small percentage of migrating bird populations likely to be involved and the relatively small increase in flight distance that Dogger Bank Teesside A & B could exert it is concluded that the potential barrier posed by wind farm development would be unlikely to have a detrimental impact upon the energetics of these migratory birds such that an effect at either the population or individual protected site level would arise (see Section 6.6 in Appendix B of the HRA Report).


In combination (with Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B and Teesside C & D only) - for these migratory species the percentages of Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations exposed to potential barrier effects are calculated as 0.27% to 2.57% (see Table 7.39 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). Conclusions as above for project alone.


Abberton Reservoir Ramsar

Passage - Black-tailed godwit, common greenshank, Eurasian coot, Eurasian teal, gadwall, northern shoveler, ruff, and tufted duck. Wintering assemblage and species - Common goldeneye, common pochard, and Eurasian wigeon.

Collision risk As for Abberton Reservoir SPA. No adverse effect on integrity

Barrier effects As for Abberton Reservoir SPA. No adverse effect on integrity





Identified impact


Alde–Ore Estuary SPA

Article 4.2 (migratory) breeding - Lesser black-backed gull. Article 4.2 (assemblage seabirds) – Lesser black-backed gull.

Displacement Project alone – on the basis of sensitivity classifications, lesser black-backed gull has been assigned a 0% displacement rate (see paragraph 6.3.36 and Section 6.6 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). No displacement effects would therefore arise.


In combination – no in-combination impacts would arise as a 0% displacement rate has been assigned to this species.


Collision risk Project alone – using an avoidance rate of 98% an annual collision total of 33 birds, based on a mean of survey data, was attributed to the suite of SPAs. Dogger Bank Teesside A & B is outside the mean maximum foraging range of any protected sites designated for breeding populations of this species. Apportioning of the annual collision estimate therefore relates to non-breeding birds, with a loss of 1.18 birds apportioned to this SPA (0.01% of the SPA population and an increase in background mortality of 0.12%) – see Table A9.36d in Appendix 9 of Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES. This predicted magnitude of impact is considered to be negligible and not significant in relation to the SPA’s lesser black-backed gull population.


In combination - Table 7.29 shows that a total of 2,536 annual collision losses are predicted for lesser black-backed gull from the projects screened into the in-combination assessment. The very small collision loss of non-breeding birds attributed to this SPA from Dogger Bank Teesside A & B alone (see above) indicates that any contribution of lesser black-backed gull collision losses during the operation of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B wind farm would be non-significant.


Barrier effects Project alone - Dogger Bank Teesside A & B is located beyond the mean maximum foraging range of lesser black-backed gull and therefore no birds from this SPA would be expected to occur in the area during the breeding season. No barrier effect is therefore predicted.


In combination - as above for project alone. No adverse effect on integrity





Identified impact


Alde–Ore Estuary SPA (continued from above)

Article 4.2 (wintering) – Redshank. Article 4.2 (assemblage waterbirds) - Redshank and ruff.



In combination – collision risk estimates for migratory species were available for six other projects (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report), including Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D. For Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D the collision risk is likely to represent significantly less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). Information available from other projects did not identify that migratory populations of redshank and ruff were at risk of collision. . See Table 7.38 and Section 7.8 in Appendix B of the HRA Report.






Identified impact


Alde–Ore Estuary SPA (continued from above)

Article 4.2 (wintering) – Redshank. Article 4.2 (assemblage waterbirds) - Redshank and ruff. (continued from above)









Identified impact


Alde-Ore Estuary Ramsar

Breeding - Lesser black-backed gull.

Displacement Collision risk Barrier effects

As for Alde-Ore SPA. No adverse effect on integrity

Migratory wintering assemblage and species - Common redshank, common shelduck, Eurasian teal, Eurasian wigeon, northern pintail, and northern shoveler.

Collision risk In combination – collision risk estimates for migratory species were available for six other projects (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report), including Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D. For Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D the collision risk is likely to represent significantly less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). For Hornsea Project One, potential collision risk and mortality estimates were calculated for twelve selected species of waterbird (seven waders and five waterfowl) based on a relatively high proportion of birds occurring within the regional SPAs close to the proposed Hornsea Project One wind farm development. The migratory paths of all twelve species (including wigeon) also overlap with the Dogger Bank Zone and therefore potential cumulative impacts on migratory populations could occur. For the other projects considered, only two species (barnacle goose and common scoter) had migratory paths that overlapped with the Dogger Bank Zone. For all species for which migration zones overlap with the development area and other project areas it is calculated that on an annual basis the potential mortality associated with collision risk would represent less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations. See Table 7.38 and Section 7.8 in Appendix B of the HRA Report.


Barrier effects As for Alde-Ore SPA. No adverse effect on integrity





Identified impact


Arun Valley SPA

Article 4.2 (wintering assemblage) – Teal, wigeon, and shoveler.



In combination – collision risk estimates for migratory species were available for six other projects (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report), including Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D. For Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D the collision risk is likely to represent significantly less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). For Hornsea Project One, potential collision risk and mortality estimates were calculated for twelve selected species of waterbird (seven waders and five waterfowl) based on a relatively high proportion of birds occurring within the regional SPAs close to the proposed Hornsea Project One wind farm development. The migratory paths of all twelve species (including wigeon) also overlap with the Dogger Bank Zone and therefore potential cumulative impacts on migratory populations could occur. For the other projects considered, only two species (barnacle goose and common scoter) had migratory paths that overlapped with the Dogger Bank Zone. For all species for which migration zones overlap with the development area and other project areas it is calculated that on an annual basis the potential mortality associated with collision risk would represent less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations. See Table 7.38 and Section 7.8 in Appendix B of the HRA Report.






Identified impact


Arun Valley SPA (continued from above)

Article 4.2 (wintering assemblage) – Teal, wigeon, and shoveler. (continued from above)





Arun Valley Ramsar

Migratory wintering assemblage and species - Eurasian teal, Eurasian wigeon, northern pintail, northern shoveler, and ruff.

Collision risk As for Arun Valley SPA. No adverse effect on integrity

Barrier effects As for Arun Valley SPA. No adverse effect on integrity





Identified impact


Avon Valley SPA

Article 4.2 (wintering) - Gadwall.



In combination – collision risk estimates for migratory species were available for six other projects (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). For Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D the collision risk is likely to represent significantly less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations of gadwall see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report. No other projects determined collision losses for migratory populations of this species.


Barrier effects Project alone – for migratory species the percentages of Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations estimated to pass through the project areas at risk height (following Wright et al. (2012)) and thus exposed to potential barrier effects were less than 1% for most species considered (and 0.27% for gadwall), but greater than 1% for 17 species’ populations (see Table 6.25 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). The shortest approximately east-west route across the North Sea passing through the project, equates to an increase of 4% on the ca. 575km route in order for birds to circumvent the project area. For all other routes, the potential percentage increase in the migration route would be less than 4%. Based on the small percentage of migrating bird populations likely to be involved and the relatively small increase in flight distance that Dogger Bank Teesside A & B could exert it is concluded that the potential barrier posed by wind farm development would be unlikely to have a detrimental impact upon the energetics of these migratory birds such that an effect at either the population or individual protected site level would arise (see Section 6.6 in Appendix B of the HRA Report).


In combination (with Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B and Teesside C & D only) - for migratory gadwall the percentage of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland population exposed to potential barrier effects is calculated as 0.52% (see Table 7.39 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). Conclusions as above for project alone.






Identified impact


Avon Valley Ramsar

Passage – Northern pintail and black-tailed godwit. Wintering – Gadwall.



In combination – collision risk estimates for migratory species were available for six other projects (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). For Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D the collision risk is likely to represent significantly less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations of these species - see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report. No other projects determined collision losses for migratory populations of these species.


Barrier effects Project alone – for these migratory species the percentages of Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations estimated to pass through the project areas at risk height (following Wright et al. (2012)) and thus exposed to potential barrier effects were 0.27% to 1.34% (see Table 6.25 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). The shortest approximately east-west route across the North Sea passing through the project, equates to an increase of 4% on the ca. 575km route in order for birds to circumvent the project area. For all other routes, the potential percentage increase in the migration route would be less than 4%. Based on the small percentage of these migrating bird populations likely to be involved and the relatively small increase in flight distance that Dogger Bank Teesside A & B could exert it is concluded that the potential barrier posed by wind farm development would be unlikely to have a detrimental impact upon the energetics of these migratory birds such that an effect at either the population or individual protected site level would arise (see Section 6.6 in Appendix B of the HRA Report).


In combination (with Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B and Teesside C & D only) - for these migratory species the percentage of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations exposed to potential barrier effects is calculated as 0.52% to 2.27% (see Table 7.39 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). Conclusions as above for project alone.






Identified impact


Benacre to Easton Bavents SPA

Article 4.1 (wintering) – Bittern.



In combination – collision risk estimates for migratory species were available for six other projects (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report), including Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D. For Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D the collision risk is likely to represent significantly less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations of bittern. No other projects determined collision losses for migratory populations of this species.


Barrier effects Project alone – for migratory species the percentages of Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations estimated to pass through the project areas at risk height (following Wright et al. (2012)) and thus exposed to potential barrier effects were less than 1% for most species considered (and 0.75% for bittern), but greater than 1% for 17 species’ populations (see Table 6.25 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). The shortest approximately east-west route across the North Sea passing through the project, equates to an increase of 4% on the ca. 575km route in order for birds to circumvent the project area. For all other routes, the potential percentage increase in the migration route would be less than 4%. Based on the small percentage of migrating bird populations likely to be involved and the relatively small increase in flight distance that Dogger Bank Teesside A & B could exert it is concluded that the potential barrier posed by wind farm development would be unlikely to have a detrimental impact upon the energetics of these migratory birds such that an effect at either the population or individual protected site level would arise (see Section 6.6 in Appendix B of the HRA Report).


In combination (with Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B and Teesside C & D only) - for migratory bittern the percentage of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland population exposed to potential barrier effects is calculated as 1.26% (see Table 7.39 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). Conclusions as above for project alone.






Identified impact


Benfleet and Southend Marshes SPA

Article 4.2 (passage) – Ringed plover. Article 4.2 (wintering) – Grey plover and knot. Article 4.2 (wintering assemblage) - Dunlin, ringed plover, oystercatcher, knot, and grey plover.



In combination – collision risk estimates for migratory species were available for six other projects (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report), including Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D. For Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D the collision risk is likely to represent significantly less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). For Hornsea Project One, potential collision risk and mortality estimates were calculated for twelve selected species of waterbird (seven waders and five waterfowl) based on a relatively high proportion of birds occurring within the regional SPAs close to the proposed Hornsea Project One wind farm development. The migratory paths of all twelve species (including knot and grey plover) also overlap with the Dogger Bank Zone and therefore potential cumulative impacts on migratory populations could occur. Collision losses of migratory knot and oystercatcher from the Inch Cape project were also identified. For the other projects considered, only two species (barnacle goose and common scoter) had migratory paths that overlapped with the Dogger Bank Zone. For all species for which migration zones overlap with the development area and other project areas it is calculated that on an annual basis the potential mortality associated with collision risk would represent less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations. See Table 7.38 and Section 7.8 in Appendix B of the HRA Report.






Identified impact


Benfleet and Southend Marshes SPA (continued from above)

Article 4.2 (passage) – Ringed plover. Article 4.2 (wintering) – Grey plover and knot. Article 4.2 (wintering assemblage) - Dunlin, ringed plover, oystercatcher, knot, and grey plover. (continued from above)





Benfleet and Southend Marshes Ramsar

Passage - Common greenshank. Wintering assemblage and species - Dunlin, ringed plover, grey plover, and red knot.

Collision risk As for the Benfleet and Southend Marshes SPA. No adverse effect on integrity

Barrier effects As for the Benfleet and Southend Marshes SPA. No adverse effect on integrity





Identified impact


Blackwater Estuary (Mid-Essex Coast Phase 4) SPA

Article 4.1 (wintering) - Golden plover, hen harrier, ruff. Article 4.2 (passage) – Ringed plover. Article 4.2 (wintering) - Black-tailed godwit, dunlin, grey plover, redshank, and shelduck. Article 4.2 (wintering assemblage) - as above + Great-crested grebe, curlew, wigeon, teal, pintail, shoveler, goldeneye, red-breasted merganser, and lapwing.



In combination – collision risk estimates for migratory species were available for six other projects (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report), including Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D. For Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D the collision risk is likely to represent significantly less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations. For Hornsea Project One, potential collision risk and mortality estimates were calculated for twelve selected species of waterbird (seven waders and five waterfowl) based on a relatively high proportion of birds occurring within the regional SPAs close to the proposed Hornsea Project One wind farm development. The migratory paths of all twelve species (including black-tailed godwit, grey plover, wigeon, lawing and shelduck) also overlap with the Dogger Bank Zone and therefore potential cumulative impacts on migratory populations could occur. Collision losses of migratory curlew, goldeneye and shelduck from the Inch Cape project were also identified. For the other projects considered, only two species (barnacle goose and common scoter) had migratory paths that overlapped with the Dogger Bank Zone. For all species for which migration zones overlap with the development area and other project areas it is calculated that on an annual basis the potential mortality associated with collision risk would represent less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations. See Table 7.38 and Section 7.8 in Appendix B of the HRA Report.






Identified impact


Blackwater Estuary (Mid-Essex Coast Phase 4) SPA (continued from above)

Article 4.1 (wintering) - Golden plover, hen harrier, ruff. Article 4.2 (passage) – Ringed plover. Article 4.2 (wintering) - Black-tailed godwit, dunlin, grey plover, redshank, and shelduck. Article 4.2 (wintering assemblage) - as above + Great-crested grebe, curlew, wigeon, teal, pintail, shoveler, goldeneye, red-breasted merganser, and lapwing.









Identified impact


Blackwater Estuary (Mid-Essex Coast Phase 4) Ramsar

Passage - Common greenshank, Eurasian curlew, ringed plover, ruddy turnstone, and whimbrel. Wintering assemblage and species - Black-tailed godwit, common goldeneye, common redshank, common shelduck, dunlin, Eurasian teal, Eurasian wigeon, European golden plover, grey plover, hen harrier, northern lapwing, northern pintail, red knot, red-breasted merganser, ruff, sanderling, and Slavonian grebe.



Barrier effects In combination – collision risk estimates for migratory species were available for six other projects (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report), including Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D. For Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D the collision risk is likely to represent significantly less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). For Hornsea Project One, potential collision risk and mortality estimates were calculated for twelve selected species of waterbird (seven waders and five waterfowl) based on a relatively high proportion of birds occurring within the regional SPAs close to the proposed Hornsea Project One wind farm development. The migratory paths of all twelve species (including shelduck, wigeon, grey plover, lapwing and knot) also overlap with the Dogger Bank Zone and therefore potential cumulative impacts on migratory populations could occur. Collision losses for migratory shelduck and knot from the Inch Cape project were also identified. For the other projects considered, only two species (barnacle goose and common scoter) had migratory paths that overlapped with the Dogger Bank Zone. For all species for which migration zones overlap with the development area and other project areas it is calculated that on an annual basis the potential mortality associated with collision risk would represent less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations. See Table 7.38 and Section 7.8 in Appendix B of the HRA Report.






Identified impact


Breydon Water SPA

Article 4.1 (wintering) – Golden plover. Article 4.2 (wintering assemblage) - Black-tailed godwit, dunlin, lapwing, shoveler, wigeon and golden plover.



In combination – collision risk estimates for migratory species were available for six other projects (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report), including Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D. For Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D the collision risk is likely to represent significantly less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). For Hornsea Project One, potential collision risk and mortality estimates were calculated for twelve selected species of waterbird (seven waders and five waterfowl) based on a relatively high proportion of birds occurring within the regional SPAs close to the proposed Hornsea Project One wind farm development. The migratory paths of all twelve species (including black-tailed godwit, lapwing and wigeon) also overlap with the Dogger Bank Zone and therefore potential cumulative impacts on migratory populations could occur. For the other projects considered, only two species (barnacle goose and common scoter) had migratory paths that overlapped with the Dogger Bank Zone. For all species for which migration zones overlap with the development area and other project areas it is calculated that on an annual basis the potential mortality associated with collision risk would represent less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations. See Table 7.38 and Section 7.8 in Appendix B of the HRA Report.






Identified impact


Breydon Water SPA (continued from above)

Article 4.1 (wintering) – Golden plover. Article 4.2 (wintering assemblage) - Black-tailed godwit, dunlin, lapwing, shoveler, wigeon and golden plover. (continued from above)





Breydon Water Ramsar

Passage - Common greenshank and whimbrel. Wintering assemblage and species - Black-tailed godwit, Eurasian teal, Eurasian wigeon, European golden plover, northern lapwing, northern pintail, northern shoveler, and ruff.

Collision risk As for the Breydon Water SPA. No adverse effect on integrity

Barrier effects As for the Breydon Water SPA. No adverse effect on integrity





Identified impact


Broadland SPA Article 4.1 (wintering) – Bittern and ruff. Article 4.2 (wintering assemblage) – Bean goose, pochard, coot, teal, wigeon, gadwall, bittern, great-crested grebe, shoveler, ruff, and tufted duck.



In combination – collision risk estimates for migratory species were available for six other projects (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report), including Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D. For Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D the collision risk is likely to represent significantly less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). For Hornsea Project One, potential collision risk and mortality estimates were calculated for twelve selected species of waterbird (seven waders and five waterfowl) based on a relatively high proportion of birds occurring within the regional SPAs close to the proposed Hornsea Project One wind farm development. The migratory paths of all twelve species (including wigeon) also overlap with the Dogger Bank Zone and therefore potential cumulative impacts on migratory populations could occur. Collision losses for migratory tufted duck from the Inch Cape project were also identified. For the other projects considered, only two species (barnacle goose and common scoter) had migratory paths that overlapped with the Dogger Bank Zone. For all species for which migration zones overlap with the development area and other project areas it is calculated that on an annual basis the potential mortality associated with collision risk would represent less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations. See Table 7.38 and Section 7.8 in Appendix B of the HRA Report.






Identified impact


Broadland SPA (continued from above)

Article 4.1 (wintering) – Bittern and ruff. Article 4.2 (wintering assemblage) – Bean goose, pochard, coot, teal, wigeon, gadwall, bittern, great-crested grebe, shoveler, ruff, and tufted duck. (continued from above)





Broadland Ramsar

Wintering - Eurasian wigeon, gadwall, and northern shoveler.

Collision risk As for the Broadland SPA No adverse effect on integrity

Barrier effects As for the Broadland SPA – barrier effect on GB population for all species less than 0.9% for the project alone and less than 1.37% in combination.






Identified impact


Buchan Ness To Collieston Coast SPA

Article 4.2 (breeding assemblage) – Northern fulmar, black-legged kittiwake, and common guillemot.

Displacement Northern fulmar

Project alone - on the basis of sensitivity classifications, northern fulmar has been assigned a 0% displacement rate (see Section 6.6 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). No displacement effects would therefore arise.




Collision risk Northern fulmar

Project alone – assuming a 98% avoidance rate, analysis provided estimates of 1 northern fulmar collision based on mean data (see Table 6.26 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). It is considered that the predicted very low number of annual collisions for this species would be highly unlikely to have a discernible effect at the population level, either with regard to designated site-based populations or wider North Sea populations.


In combination - the annual collision loss of northern fulmar predicted for Dogger Bank Teesside A & B is deemed to be insignificant and therefore no in-combination assessment is considered necessary.


Barrier effects Northern fulmar

Project alone – the numbers of birds exposed to this effect represent less than 0.1% of national or biogeographic populations. The apportioning of these estimates to individual protected sites indicates that 0.68% of the breeding population at this site would be affected (see Table A9.31 in Appendix 9 of Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES). The average increase in flight distance due to the barrier presented by Dogger Bank Teesside A & B is approximately 25km (6.4% of the species’ mean maximum foraging range of 400km). Given the small percentage of the population likely to be affected and the small flight deviation that might be incurred through the presence of the wind farm it is concluded that a negligible barrier effect would result.


In combination – for Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D the potential barrier posed by the combined wind farm development would affect an estimated 1.92% of the breeding population (see Table A9.46 in Appendix 9 of Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES). Given the relatively small percentage of the population likely to be affected, the distance to the SPA and the small flight deviation that might be incurred through the presence of the wind farms it is concluded that a negligible barrier effect would result.






Identified impact


Buchan Ness To Collieston Coast SPA (continued from above)

Article 4.2 (breeding assemblage) – Northern fulmar, black-legged kittiwake and common guillemot. (continued from above)

Displacement Black-legged kittiwake

Project alone - on the basis of sensitivity classifications, black-legged kittiwake has been assigned a 0% displacement rate (see Section 6.6 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). No displacement effects would therefore arise.




Collision risk Black-legged kittiwake

Project alone - assuming a 98% avoidance rate, the number of collisions predicted based on mean population estimates is 134 birds – see Table 6.26 in Appendix B of the HRA Report. Of these collisions 108 are assigned to the suite of SPAs considered in the assessment. Dogger Bank Teesside A & B is outside the maximum foraging range of black-legged kittiwake that could derive from this SPA. Apportioning of the annual collision estimate therefore relates to non-breeding birds, with a calculated 3.5 birds being attributed to this SPA, representing 0.01% of the designated SPA population and an increase in background mortality of 0.17% (see Table A9.35d in Appendix 9 of Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES). This predicted magnitude of impact is not considered to be significant at the population level.


In combination – data on predicted collision estimates for black-legged kittiwake are available for 20 additional projects. The cumulative collision estimate for black-legged kittiwake is estimated as 2,157 birds per year from these projects (see Table 7.29 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). Dogger Bank Teesside A & B is outside the maximum foraging range of black-legged kittiwake that could derive from this SPA. The predicted collision loss for Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D is 13.2 non-breeding birds, representing 0.04% of the SPA population (see Table A9.52d in Appendix 9 of Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES) and a 0.58% increase in the rate of background mortality. None of the other projects examined apportioned collision losses during the non-breeding season to this SPA.






Identified impact




Barrier effects Black-legged kittiwake

Project alone – the distance between Dogger Bank Teesside A & B and this SPA is greater than the maximum foraging range of black-legged kittiwake. Therefore no birds from this SPA would be expected to occur in the area during the breeding season. No barrier effect is therefore predicted.



Displacement Common guillemot

Project alone - based on mean data, disturbance and displacement analysis (using a 50% displacement rate) provides a figure of 5,511 displaced birds (1,108 during breeding months, 4,403 during other months of the year). A precautionary mortality rate of 5% has been assigned to this species based on knowledge of the foraging ecology of this species and the magnitude of the habitat loss that could occur as a result of displacement from within the site of the operational wind farm development. Taking account of potential mortality, displacement could result in the loss of 276 birds (37 during the breeding season) across all of the SPAs in the greater North Sea region (see Tables A9.39a-d in Appendix 9 of Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES). Dogger Bank Teesside A & B is located outside the maximum foraging range of common guillemot that could derive from this SPA. Through attribution of the displacement impact it is estimated that 7 non-breeding birds (0.02% of the SPA population) would be affected (see Table A9.39d in Appendix 9 in Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES).






Identified impact




Displacement Common guillemot (continued from above)

In combination – predictions of the numbers of common guillemot potentially displaced were available for 16 other projects (see Table 7.20 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). The cumulative number of birds estimated to be displaced across these projects was 64,557. A combined total of 1,888 birds are predicted to be lost through mortality following displacement from the projects considered in the assessment (see Table 7.22 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). Apportioning of the affected birds to individual SPAs is presented in Table 7.23 in Appendix B of the HRA Report. A total of 338 birds lost through mortality following displacement was calculated for the Buchan Ness to Collieston Coast SPA, representing 1.6% of the population of this site. The contribution from Dogger Bank Teesside A & B to this overall total is 0.02% (7 birds) and for Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D combined, 0.09% (39 birds) indicating that by far the greater impact would be from the EOWDC (based on a very precautionary 100% mortality rate). It should also be noted that of the seven predicted mortalities for Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, all would be of non-breeding birds which reflects the location of Dogger Bank Teesside A & B outside of the maximum foraging range of common guillemot from Buchan Ness to Collieston Coast SPA. JNCC/SNH do not currently require the impacts of offshore wind farms in Scottish waters to be assessed under HRA for SPAs outwith the breeding season. If this policy is considered in respect of the apportioning of non-breeding birds affected by Dogger Bank Teesside A & B to Scottish SPAs then no impact from the development in-combination would arise.


Collision risk Common guillemot

Project alone – assuming a 98% avoidance rate, analysis provided an estimate of no common guillemot collisions based on mean data (see Table 6.26 in Appendix B of the HRA Report), which predicted no collisions would occur annually. Therefore, no impact at the population level, either with regard to designated site-based populations or wider North Sea populations is expected.


In combination - the annual collision loss of common guillemot predicted for Dogger Bank Teesside A & B is deemed to be insignificant and therefore no in-combination assessment is considered necessary.






Identified impact




Barrier effects Common guillemot

Project alone – the distance between Dogger Bank Teesside A & B and this SPA is greater than the maximum foraging range of common guillemot. Therefore no birds from this SPA would be expected to occur in the area during the breeding season. No barrier effect is therefore predicted.



Calf of Eday SPA

Article 4.2 (breeding assemblage) – Northern fulmar, black-legged kittiwake, great black-backed gull, and common guillemot.







Project alone – assuming a 98% avoidance rate, analysis provided estimates of 1 northern fulmar collision based on the mean of data (see Table 6.26 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). It is considered that the predicted very low number of annual collisions for this species would be highly unlikely to have a discernible effect at the population level, either with regard to designated site-based populations or wider North Sea populations.


In combination - The annual collision loss of northern fulmar predicted for Dogger Bank Teesside A & B is deemed to be insignificant and therefore no in-combination assessment is considered necessary.



Project alone – the distance between Dogger Bank Teesside A & B and this SPA is greater than the mean maximum foraging range of northern fulmar. Therefore no birds from this SPA would be expected to occur in the area during the breeding season. No barrier effect is therefore predicted.












Identified impact


Calf of Eday SPA (continued from above)

Article 4.2 (breeding assemblage) – Northern fulmar, black-legged kittiwake, great black-backed gull, and common guillemot. (continued from above)


Project alone - assuming a 98% avoidance rate, the number of collisions predicted based on mean population estimates is 134 birds – see Table 6.26 in Appendix B of the HRA Report. Of these collisions 108 are assigned to the suite of SPAs considered in the assessment. Dogger Bank Teesside A & B is outside the maximum foraging range of black-legged kittiwake that could derive from this SPA. Apportioning of the annual collision estimate therefore relates to non-breeding birds, with a calculated 0.1 of a bird being attributed to this SPA, representing 0.01% of the designated SPA population and an increase in background mortality of 0.17% (see Table A9.35d in Appendix 9 of Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES). This predicted magnitude of impact is not considered to be significant at the population level.


In combination – In combination – data on predicted collision estimates for black-legged kittiwake are available for 20 additional projects. The cumulative collision estimate for black-legged kittiwake is estimated as 2,157 birds per year from these projects (see Table 7.29 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). Dogger Bank Teesside A & B is outside the maximum foraging range of black-legged kittiwake that could derive from this SPA. The predicted collision loss for Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D is 0.36 of a non-breeding bird, representing 0.04% of the SPA population (see Table A9.52d in Appendix 9 of Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES) and a 0.58% increase in the rate of background mortality. None of the other projects examined apportioned collision losses during the non-breeding season to this SPA.










Identified impact




Displacement Great black-backed gull

Project alone - on the basis of sensitivity classifications, great black-backed gull has been assigned a 0% displacement rate (see Section 6.6 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). No displacement effects would therefore arise.




Collision risk Great black-backed gull

Project alone – using an avoidance rate of 98%, an annual collision total of 58 birds, based on the mean of population estimates was calculated, of which 9 birds were attributed to the suite of SPAs considered in the assessment. Dogger Bank Teesside A & B is outside the maximum foraging range of any protected sites designated for breeding populations of this species. Apportioning of the annual collision estimate therefore relates to non-breeding birds, with 0.9 of a bird apportioned to this SPA (0.09% of the SPA population and an increase in background mortality of 0.35%) – see Table A9.37d in Appendix 9 of Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES. This predicted magnitude of impact is considered to be negligible.


In combination – Table 7.29 shows that a total of 1,633 annual collision losses are predicted for great black-backed gull from the projects screened into the in-combination assessment. No SPAs supporting breeding populations of great black-backed gull are within mean maximum foraging range of Dogger Bank Teesside A & B. Therefore, any potential in-combination collision impact relates solely to non-breeding birds, which could potentially derive from a number of SPAs (17 screened into the assessment) situated around the North Sea. Of the projects screened into the assessment potential collision losses were apportioned to this SPA from Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D only. The combined loss with these two projects is 2.1 birds, 0.22% of the SPA population – see Table A9.54d in Appendix 9 of Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES. This predicted magnitude of impact is not considered to be significant. It is also noted that the very small collision loss from Dogger Bank Teesside A & B attributed to this SPA indicates that any contribution of great black-backed gull collision losses during the operation of the wind farm are likely to be non-significant when combined with collision losses attributed to any other project.






Identified impact




Barrier effects Great black-backed gull

Project alone – the distance between Dogger Bank Teesside A & B and this SPA is greater than the maximum foraging range of great black-backed gull. Therefore no birds from this SPA would be expected to occur in the area during the breeding season. No barrier effect is therefore predicted.




Project alone - based on mean data, disturbance and displacement analysis (using a 50% displacement rate) provides a figure of 5,511 displaced birds (1,108 during breeding months, 4,403 during other months of the year). A precautionary mortality rate of 5% has been assigned to this species based on knowledge of the foraging ecology of this species and the magnitude of the habitat loss that could occur as a result of displacement from within the site of the operational wind farm development. Taking account of potential mortality, displacement could result in the loss of 276 birds (37 during the breeding season) across all of the SPAs in the greater North Sea region (see Tables A9.39a-d in Appendix 9 of Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES). Dogger Bank Teesside A & B is located outside the maximum foraging range of common guillemot that could derive from this SPA. Through attribution of the displacement impact it is estimated that 0.5 of a non-breeding bird from this SPA would be affected, representing 0.02% of the SPA population (see Table A9.39d in Appendix 9 in Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES). This predicted magnitude of impact is not considered to be significant at the population level.






Identified impact





In combination – predictions of the numbers of common guillemot potentially displaced were available for 16 other projects (see Table 7.20 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). The cumulative number of birds estimated to be displaced across these projects was 64,577. A combined total of 1,888 birds are predicted to be lost through mortality following displacement from the projects considered in the assessment (see Table 7.22 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). Apportioning of the affected birds to individual SPAs is presented in Table 7.23 in Appendix B of the HRA Report. For Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D the calculated cumulative loss is 2 non-breeding birds representing 0.09% of the SPA population (see Table A9.56d in Appendix 9 in Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES). No other projects apportioned displacement mortalities to this SPA. This predicted magnitude of impact is not considered to be significant at the population level.















Identified impact


Cape Wrath SPA

Article 4.2 (breeding assemblage) – Northern fulmar, black-legged kittiwake, common guillemot, razorbill, and Atlantic puffin.
























Identified impact


Cape Wrath SPA (continued from above)

Article 4.2 (breeding assemblage) – Northern fulmar, black-legged kittiwake, common guillemot, razorbill, and Atlantic puffin. (continued from above)




Collision risk Black-legged kittiwake (continued from above)

In combination – data on predicted collision estimates for black-legged kittiwake are available for 20 additional projects. The cumulative collision estimate for black-legged kittiwake is estimated as 2,157 birds per year from these projects (see Table 7.29 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). Dogger Bank Teesside A & B is outside the maximum foraging range of black-legged kittiwake that could derive from this SPA. The predicted collision loss for Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D is 5 non-breeding birds, representing 0.04% of the SPA population (see Table A9.52d in Appendix 9 of Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES) and a 0.58% increase in the rate of background mortality. None of the other projects examined apportioned collision losses during the non-breeding season to this SPA.










Identified impact





Project alone - based on mean data, disturbance and displacement analysis (using a 50% displacement rate) provides a figure of 5,511 displaced birds (1,108 during breeding months, 4,403 during other months of the year). A precautionary mortality rate of 5% has been assigned to this species based on knowledge of the foraging ecology of this species and the magnitude of the habitat loss that could occur as a result of displacement from within the site of the operational wind farm development. Taking account of potential mortality, displacement could result in the loss of 276 birds (37 during the breeding season) across all of the SPAs in the greater North Sea region (see Tables A9.39a-d in Appendix 9 of Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES). Dogger Bank Teesside A & B is located outside the maximum foraging range of common guillemot that could derive from this SPA. Through attribution of the displacement impact it is estimated that 8.1 non-breeding birds from this SPA would be affected, representing 0.02% of the SPA population (see Table A9.39d in Appendix 9 in Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES). This predicted magnitude of impact is not considered to be significant at the population level.








Identified impact













Displacement Razorbill

Project alone - based on mean data, disturbance and displacement analysis (50% displacement rate) undertaken provides a figure of 1,804 displaced birds (186 during breeding months, 1,618 during other months of the year). A precautionary mortality rate of 5% has been assigned to this species based on knowledge of the foraging ecology of this species and the magnitude of the habitat loss that could occur as a result of displacement from within the site of the operational wind farm development. Therefore, in total the mortality of 49 birds (5 during the breeding season) across all of the SPAs in the greater North Sea region (see Tables A9.42a-d in Appendix 9 of Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES) is predicted. Dogger Bank Teesside A & B is located outside the maximum foraging range of razorbill that could derive from this SPA. Through attribution of the displacement impact it is estimated that 1.8 non-breeding birds from this SPA would be affected, representing 0.04% of the SPA population (see Table A9.42d in Appendix 9 in Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES). This predicted magnitude of impact is not considered to be significant at the population level.






Identified impact




Displacement Razorbill (continued from above)

In combination – predictions of the numbers of razorbill potentially displaced were available for 16 other projects (see Table 7.20 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). The cumulative number of birds estimated to be displaced across these projects was 17,962. A combined total of 743 birds are predicted to be lost through mortality following displacement from the projects considered in the assessment (see Table 7.25 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). Apportioning of the affected birds to individual SPAs is presented in Table 7.26 in Appendix B of the HRA Report. For Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D the calculated cumulative loss is 7 non-breeding birds representing 0.14% of the SPA population (see Table A9.59d in Appendix 9 in Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES). No other projects apportioned displacement mortalities to this SPA. This predicted magnitude of impact is not considered to be significant at the population level.


Collision risk Razorbill

Project alone – assuming a 98% avoidance rate, analysis provided an estimate of 2 razorbill collisions based on mean data (see Table 6.26 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). It is considered that the very low number of predicted annual collisions for this species would be highly unlikely to have a discernible effect at the population level, either with regard to designated site-based populations or wider North Sea populations.


In combination - the annual collision loss of razorbill predicted for Dogger Bank Teesside A & B is deemed to be insignificant and therefore no in-combination assessment is considered necessary.


Barrier effects Razorbill

Project alone – the distance between Dogger Bank Teesside A & B and this SPA is greater than the maximum foraging range of razorbill. Therefore no birds from this SPA would be expected to occur in the area during the breeding season. No barrier effect is therefore predicted.







Identified impact




Displacement Atlantic puffin

Project alone – based on the mean data, disturbance and displacement analysis (50% displacement rate) undertaken provides a mean of 168 displaced birds (all non-breeders). A precautionary mortality rate of 5% has been assigned to this species based on knowledge of the foraging ecology of this species and the magnitude of the habitat loss that could occur as a result of displacement from within the site of the operational wind farm development. Therefore, in total, a predicted eight birds could die as a result of displacement from the wind farm area (see Tables A9.45a-d in Appendix 9 in Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES for a breakdown of the annual data). In total, this species is a feature of 16 SPAs situated around the North Sea. Dogger Bank Teesside A & B is outside the mean maximum foraging range during the breeding season of any SPAs supporting qualifying populations of this species. Attribution of predicted losses to this SPA would result in a population impact <0.01%. This predicted magnitude of impact is not considered to be significant at the population level.


In combination - predictions of the numbers of Atlantic puffin potentially displaced were available for 13 other projects (see Table 7.20 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). The cumulative number of birds estimated to be displaced across these projects was 11,119. A combined total of 524 birds are predicted to be lost through mortality following displacement from the projects considered in the assessment (see Table 7.27 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). Apportioning of the affected birds to individual SPAs is presented in Table 7.28 in Appendix B of the HRA Report. The relatively small number (37) of puffin affected by all three Dogger Bank projects results in a near zero percentage impact on relevant SPA populations screened into the assessment (see Table A9.62d in Appendix 9 of Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES). No birds affected by other projects were apportioned to this SPA. The estimated combined impact of Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D for this SPA is a total of 0.18 of a non-breeding bird representing 0.01% of the SPA population. This predicted magnitude of impact is not considered to be significant at the population level.






Identified impact




Collision risk Atlantic puffin

Project alone – assuming a 98% avoidance rate, analysis provided estimates of no Atlantic puffin collisions based on mean data (see Table 6.26 in Appendix B of the HRA Report).


In combination - the annual collision loss of Atlantic puffin predicted for Dogger Bank Teesside A & B is deemed to be insignificant and therefore no in-combination assessment is considered necessary.


Barrier effects Atlantic puffin

Project alone – the distance between Dogger Bank Teesside A & B and this SPA is greater than the mean maximum foraging range of Atlantic puffin. Therefore no birds from this SPA would be expected to occur in the area during the breeding season. No barrier effect is therefore predicted.







Identified impact


Chichester and Langstone Harbours SPA

Article 4.1 (wintering) – Bar-tailed godwit. Article 4.2 (passage) – Ringed plover. Article 4.2 (wintering) – Black-tailed godwit, redshank, grey plover, and dunlin. Article 4.2 (wintering assemblage) - Bar-tailed godwit, black-tailed godwit, redshank, shelduck, dunlin, curlew, oystercatcher, teal, wigeon, grey plover, lapwing, pintail, shoveler, knot, red-breasted merganser, sanderling, and whimbrel.



In combination – collision risk estimates for migratory species were available for six other projects (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report), including Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D. For Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D the collision risk is likely to represent significantly less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). For Hornsea Project One, potential collision risk and mortality estimates were calculated for twelve selected species of waterbird (seven waders and five waterfowl) based on a relatively high proportion of birds occurring within the regional SPAs close to the proposed Hornsea Project One wind farm development. The migratory paths of all twelve species (including black-tailed godwit, shelduck, wigeon, lapwing and knot) also overlap with the Dogger Bank Zone and therefore potential cumulative impacts on migratory populations could occur. Collision losses for migratory shelduck and knot from the Inch Cape project were also identified. For the other projects considered, only two species (barnacle goose and common scoter) had migratory paths that overlapped with the Dogger Bank Zone. For all species for which migration zones overlap with the development area and other project areas it is calculated that on an annual basis the potential mortality associated with collision risk would represent less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations. See Table 7.38 and Section 7.8 in Appendix B of the HRA Report.






Identified impact


Chichester and Langstone Harbours SPA (continued from above)

Article 4.1 (wintering) – Bar-tailed godwit. Article 4.2 (passage) – Ringed plover. Article 4.2 (wintering) – Black-tailed godwit, redshank, grey plover, and dunlin. Article 4.2 (wintering assemblage) - Bar-tailed godwit, black-tailed godwit, redshank, shelduck, dunlin, curlew, oystercatcher, teal, wigeon, grey plover, lapwing, pintail, shoveler, knot, red-breasted merganser, sanderling, and whimbrel. (continued from above)



In combination (with Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B and Teesside C & D only) – for these migratory species the percentages of Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations exposed to potential barrier effects are calculated as 0.11% to 2.79% (see Table 7.39 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). Conclusions as above for project alone.






Identified impact


Chichester and Langstone Harbours Ramsar

Passage - Black-tailed godwit, common greenshank, common redshank, Eurasian curlew, Eurasian oystercatcher, ringed plover, ruddy turnstone, and whimbrel. Wintering assemblage and species - Bar-tailed godwit, common shelduck, dunlin, Eurasian teal, great bittern, grey plover, and red-breasted merganser.

Collision risk As for Chichester and Langstone Harbours SPA. No adverse effect on integrity

Barrier effects As for Chichester and Langstone Harbours SPA. No adverse effect on integrity





Identified impact


Colne Estuary (Mid-Essex Coast Phase 2) SPA

Article 4.1 (wintering) - Golden plover and hen harrier. Article 4.2 (wintering) – Redshank. Article 4.2 (wintering assemblage) - as above + Black-tailed godwit, dunlin, lapwing, ringed plover, grey plover, shelduck, great-crested grebe, redshank, and golden plover.



In combination – collision risk estimates for migratory species were available for six other projects (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report), including Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D. For Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D the collision risk is likely to represent significantly less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). For Hornsea Project One, potential collision risk and mortality estimates were calculated for twelve selected species of waterbird (seven waders and five waterfowl) based on a relatively high proportion of birds occurring within the regional SPAs close to the proposed Hornsea Project One wind farm development. The migratory paths of all twelve species (including black-tailed godwit, lapwing, grey plover, shelduck and golden plover) also overlap with the Dogger Bank Zone and therefore potential cumulative impacts on migratory populations could occur. Collision losses for migratory shelduck and golden plover from the Inch Cape project were also identified. For the other projects considered, only two species (barnacle goose and common scoter) had migratory paths that overlapped with the Dogger Bank Zone. For all species for which migration zones overlap with the development area and other project areas it is calculated that on an annual basis the potential mortality associated with collision risk would represent less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations. See Table 7.38 and Section 7.8 in Appendix B of the HRA Report.






Identified impact


Colne Estuary (Mid-Essex Coast Phase 2) SPA (continued from above)

Article 4.1 (wintering) - Golden plover and hen harrier. Article 4.2 (wintering) – Redshank. Article 4.2 (wintering assemblage) - as above + Black-tailed godwit, dunlin, lapwing, ringed plover, grey plover, shelduck, great-crested grebe, redshank, and golden plover. (continued from above)





Colne Estuary (Mid-Essex Coast Phase 2) Ramsar

Passage – Ringed plover. Wintering assemblage and species - Black-tailed godwit, common redshank, common shelduck, dunlin, European golden plover, grey plover, and hen harrier.

Collision risk As for the Colne Estuary SPA. No adverse effect on integrity

Barrier effects As for the Colne Estuary SPA. No adverse effect on integrity





Identified impact


Copinsay SPA Article 4.2 (breeding assemblage) – Northern fulmar, black-legged kittiwake, great black-backed gull, and common guillemot.
























Identified impact


Copinsay SPA (continued from above)





In combination – data on predicted collision estimates for black-legged kittiwake are available for 20 additional projects. The cumulative collision estimate for black-legged kittiwake is estimated as 2,157 birds per year from these projects (see Table 7.29 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). Dogger Bank Teesside A & B is outside the maximum foraging range of black-legged kittiwake that could derive from this SPA. The predicted collision loss for Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D is 1.9 breeding birds, representing 0.04% of the SPA population (see Table A9.52d in Appendix 9 of Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES) and a 0.58% increase in the rate of background mortality. None of the other projects examined apportioned collision losses during the non-breeding season to this SPA.















Identified impact

















Identified impact





Project alone - based on mean data, disturbance and displacement analysis (using a 50% displacement rate) provides a figure of 5,511 displaced birds (1,108 during breeding months, 4,403 during other months of the year). A precautionary mortality rate of 5% has been assigned to this species based on knowledge of the foraging ecology of this species and the magnitude of the habitat loss that could occur as a result of displacement from within the site of the operational wind farm development. Taking account of potential mortality, displacement could result in the loss of 276 birds (37 during the breeding season) across all of the SPAs in the greater North Sea region (see Tables A9.39a-d in Appendix 9 of Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES). Dogger Bank Teesside A & B is located outside the maximum foraging range of common guillemot that could derive from this SPA. Through attribution of the displacement impact it is estimated that 5 non-breeding birds from this SPA would be affected, representing 0.02% of the SPA population (see Table A9.39d in Appendix 9 in Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES). This predicted magnitude of impact is not considered to be significant at the population level.








Identified impact

















Identified impact


Coquet Island SPA

Article 4.2 (breeding) – Atlantic puffin. Article 4.2 (assemblage) – Atlantic puffin.




In combination - predictions of the numbers of Atlantic puffin potentially displaced were available for 13 other projects (see Table 7.20 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). The cumulative number of birds estimated to be displaced across these projects was 11,119. A combined total of 524 birds are predicted to be lost through mortality following displacement from the projects considered in the assessment (see Table 7.27 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). Apportioning of the affected birds to individual SPAs is presented in Table 7.28 in Appendix B of the HRA Report. The relatively small number (37) of puffin affected by all three Dogger Bank projects results in a near zero percentage impact on relevant SPA populations screened into the assessment (see Table A9.62d in Appendix 9 of Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES). Nine adult birds during the breeding season were apportioned to this SPA from the Hornsea Project One, representing 0.05% of the population and 3 non-breeding birds from Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D, representing 0.01% of the SPA population (total of 0.06% of the population). This predicted magnitude of impact is not considered to be significant at the population level.






Identified impact


Coquet Island SPA (continued from above)

Article 4.2 (breeding) – Atlantic puffin. Article 4.2 (assemblage) – Atlantic puffin. (continued from above)














Identified impact


Cromarty Firth SPA

Article 4.1 (wintering) – Bar-tailed godwit. Article 4.2 (wintering assemblage) - Redshank, curlew, dunlin, knot, oystercatcher, red-breasted merganser, scaup, pintail, wigeon, and bar-tailed godwit.



In combination – collision risk estimates for migratory species were available for six other projects (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report), including Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D. For Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D the collision risk is likely to represent significantly less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). For Hornsea Project One, potential collision risk and mortality estimates were calculated for twelve selected species of waterbird (seven waders and five waterfowl) based on a relatively high proportion of birds occurring within the regional SPAs close to the proposed Hornsea Project One wind farm development. The migratory paths of all twelve species (including knot and wigeon) also overlap with the Dogger Bank Zone and therefore potential cumulative impacts on migratory populations could occur. Collision losses for migratory knot from the Inch Cape project were also identified. For the other projects considered, only two species (barnacle goose and common scoter) had migratory paths that overlapped with the Dogger Bank Zone. For all species for which migration zones overlap with the development area and other project areas it is calculated that on an annual basis the potential mortality associated with collision risk would represent less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations. See Table 7.38 and Section 7.8 in Appendix B of the HRA Report.






Identified impact


Cromarty Firth SPA (continued from above)

Article 4.1 (wintering) – Bar-tailed godwit. Article 4.2 (wintering assemblage) - Redshank, curlew, dunlin, knot, oystercatcher, red-breasted merganser, scaup, pintail, wigeon, and bar-tailed godwit. (continued from above)





Cromarty Firth Ramsar

Passage - Common redshank and Eurasian wigeon. Wintering assemblage and species - Bar-tailed godwit, greater scaup, red knot, and Slavonian grebe.

Collision risk As for the Cromarty Firth SPA. No adverse effect on integrity

Barrier effects As for the Cromarty Firth SPA. No adverse effect on integrity





Identified impact


Crouch and Roach (Mid-Essex Coast Phase 3) Ramsar

Passage - Common greenshank, ruff, and whimbrel. Wintering assemblage species - Black-tailed godwit and hen harrier.



In combination – collision risk estimates for migratory species were available for six other projects (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report), including Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D. For Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D the collision risk is likely to represent significantly less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). For Hornsea Project One, potential collision risk and mortality estimates were calculated for twelve selected species of waterbird (seven waders and five waterfowl) based on a relatively high proportion of birds occurring within the regional SPAs close to the proposed Hornsea Project One wind farm development. The migratory paths of all twelve species (including black-tailed godwit) also overlap with the Dogger Bank Zone and therefore potential cumulative impacts on migratory populations could occur. For the other projects considered, only two species (barnacle goose and common scoter) had migratory paths that overlapped with the Dogger Bank Zone. For all species for which migration zones overlap with the development area and other project areas it is calculated that on an annual basis the potential mortality associated with collision risk would represent less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations. See Table 7.38 and Section 7.8 in Appendix B of the HRA Report.






Identified impact


Crouch and Roach (Mid-Essex Coast Phase 3) Ramsar (continued from above)

Passage - Common greenshank, ruff, and whimbrel. Wintering assemblage species - Black-tailed godwit and hen harrier. (continued from above)









Identified impact


Dengie (Mid-Essex Coast Phase 1) SPA

Article 4.1 (wintering) – Bar-tailed godwit and hen harrier. Article 4.2 (wintering) – Grey plover and knot. Article 4.2 (wintering assemblage) - Black-tailed godwit, dunlin, lapwing, oystercatcher, great-crested grebe, knot, grey plover, and bar-tailed godwit.



In combination – collision risk estimates for migratory species were available for six other projects (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report), including Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D. For Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D the collision risk is likely to represent significantly less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). For Hornsea Project One, potential collision risk and mortality estimates were calculated for twelve selected species of waterbird (seven waders and five waterfowl) based on a relatively high proportion of birds occurring within the regional SPAs close to the proposed Hornsea Project One wind farm development. The migratory paths of all twelve species (including black-tailed godwit, lapwing, knot and grey plover) also overlap with the Dogger Bank Zone and therefore potential cumulative impacts on migratory populations could occur. Collision losses for migratory oystercatcher and knot from the Inch Cape project were also identified. For the other projects considered, only two species (barnacle goose and common scoter) had migratory paths that overlapped with the Dogger Bank Zone. For all species for which migration zones overlap with the development area and other project areas it is calculated that on an annual basis the potential mortality associated with collision risk would represent less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations. See Table 7.38 in Section 7.8 in Appendix B of the HRA Report.






Identified impact


Dengie (Mid-Essex Coast Phase 1) SPA (continued from above)

Article 4.1 (wintering) – Bar-tailed godwit and hen harrier. Article 4.2 (wintering) – Grey plover and knot. Article 4.2 (wintering assemblage) - Black-tailed godwit, dunlin, lapwing, oystercatcher, great-crested grebe, knot, grey plover, and bar-tailed godwit. (continued from above)





Dengie (Mid-Essex Coast Phase 1) Ramsar

Passage - Black-tailed godwit, common greenshank, and ringed plover. Wintering assemblage and species - Bar-tailed godwit, dunlin, grey plover, hen harrier, and red knot.

Collision Risk As for the Dengie Marshes SPA. No adverse effect on integrity

Barrier effects As for the Dengie Marshes SPA. No adverse effect on integrity





Identified impact


Dornoch Firth and Loch Fleet SPA

Article 4.1 (wintering) – Bar-tailed godwit. Article 4.2 (wintering) - Wigeon. Article 4.2 (wintering assemblage) – Curlew, dunlin, oystercatcher, teal, wigeon, and bar-tailed godwit.



In combination – collision risk estimates for migratory species were available for six other projects (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report), including Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D. For Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D the collision risk is likely to represent significantly less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). For Hornsea Project One, potential collision risk and mortality estimates were calculated for twelve selected species of waterbird (seven waders and five waterfowl) based on a relatively high proportion of birds occurring within the regional SPAs close to the proposed Hornsea Project One wind farm development. The migratory paths of all twelve species (including wigeon) also overlap with the Dogger Bank Zone and therefore potential cumulative impacts on migratory populations could occur. Collision losses for migratory oystercatcher and curlew from the Inch Cape project were also identified. For the other projects considered, only two species (barnacle goose and common scoter) had migratory paths that overlapped with the Dogger Bank Zone. For all species for which migration zones overlap with the development area and other project areas it is calculated that on an annual basis the potential mortality associated with collision risk would represent less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations. See Table 7.38 and Section 7.8 in Appendix B of the HRA Report.






Identified impact


Dornoch Firth and Loch Fleet SPA (continued from above)

Article 4.1 (wintering) – Bar-tailed godwit. Article 4.2 (wintering) - Wigeon. Article 4.2 (wintering assemblage) – Curlew, dunlin, oystercatcher, teal, wigeon, and bar-tailed godwit. (continued from above)





Dornoch Firth and Loch Fleet Ramsar

Passage – Eurasian wigeon. Wintering assemblage and species - Bar-tailed godwit, common redshank, and Eurasian teal.

Collision risk As for the Dornoch Firth and Loch Fleet SPA. No adverse effect on integrity

Barrier effects As for the Dornoch Firth and Loch Fleet SPA. No adverse effect on integrity





Identified impact


Dorset Heathlands SPA

Article 4.1 (wintering) – Hen harrier.



In combination – collision risk estimates for migratory species were available for six other projects (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report), including Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D. For Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D the collision risk is likely to represent significantly less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). No other projects identified any potential collision risk for migratory populations of this species.


Barrier effects Project alone – for migratory hen harrier the percentages of Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland population estimated to pass through the project areas at risk height (following Wright et al. (2012)) and thus exposed to potential barrier effects was 2.98% (see Table 6.25 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). The shortest approximately east-west route across the North Sea passing through the project, equates to an increase of 4% on the ca. 575km route in order for birds to circumvent the project area. For all other routes, the potential percentage increase in the migration route would be less than 4%. Based on the small percentage of migrating hen harrier populations likely to be involved and the relatively small increase in flight distance that Dogger Bank Teesside A & B could exert it is concluded that the potential barrier posed by wind farm development would be unlikely to have a detrimental impact upon the energetics of these migratory birds such that an effect at either the population or individual protected site level would arise (see Section 6.6 in Appendix B of the HRA Report).


In combination (with Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B and Teesside C & D only) - for migratory hen harrier (non-breeding) the percentage of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations exposed to potential barrier effects are calculated as 4.51% (see Table 7.39 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). Conclusions as above for project alone.






Identified impact


Duddon Estuary SPA

Article 4.2 (passage / wintering) – Sanderling, knot, pintail, and redshank. Article 4.2 (wintering assemblage) - Redshank, shelduck, dunlin, curlew, oystercatcher, pintail, knot, red-breasted merganser, and sanderling.



In combination – collision risk estimates for migratory species were available for six other projects (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report), including Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D. For Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D the collision risk is likely to represent significantly less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). For Hornsea Project One, potential collision risk and mortality estimates were calculated for twelve selected species of waterbird (seven waders and five waterfowl) based on a relatively high proportion of birds occurring within the regional SPAs close to the proposed Hornsea Project One wind farm development. The migratory paths of all twelve species (including shelduck and knot) also overlap with the Dogger Bank Zone and therefore potential cumulative impacts on migratory populations could occur. Collision losses for migratory shelduck, oystercatcher and knot from the Inch Cape project were also identified. For the other projects considered, only two species (barnacle goose and common scoter) had migratory paths that overlapped with the Dogger Bank Zone. For all species for which migration zones overlap with the development area and other project areas it is calculated that on an annual basis the potential mortality associated with collision risk would represent less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations. See Table 7.38 and Section 7.8 in Appendix B of the HRA Report.






Identified impact


Duddon Estuary SPA (continued from above)

Article 4.2 (passage / wintering) – Sanderling, knot, pintail, and redshank. Article 4.2 (wintering assemblage) - Redshank, shelduck, dunlin, curlew, oystercatcher, pintail, knot, red-breasted merganser, and sanderling. (continued from above)



In combination (with Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B and Teesside C & D only) - for migratory species the percentages of Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations exposed to potential barrier effects are calculated as 0.02% to 4.51% (see Table 7.39 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). Conclusions as above for project alone.


Duddon Estuary Ramsar

Passage - Eurasian oystercatcher and red-breasted merganser.

Wintering assemblage and species - Common redshank, dunlin, Eurasian curlew, northern pintail, red knot, and sanderling.

Collision risk As for the Duddon Estuary SPA. No adverse effect on integrity

Barrier effects As for the Duddon Estuary SPA. No adverse effect on integrity





Identified impact


Dungeness to Pett Level SPA

Article 4.2 (wintering) - Shoveler.





Barrier effects Project alone – for migratory northern shoveler the percentages of Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland population estimated to pass through the project areas at risk height (following Wright et al. (2012)) and thus exposed to potential barrier effects was 0.52% (see Table 6.25 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). The shortest approximately east-west route across the North Sea passing through the project, equates to an increase of 4% on the ca. 575km route in order for birds to circumvent the project area. For all other routes, the potential percentage increase in the migration route would be less than 4%. Based on the small percentage of migrating northern shoveler population likely to be involved and the relatively small increase in flight distance that Dogger Bank Teesside A & B could exert it is concluded that the potential barrier posed by wind farm development would be unlikely to have a detrimental impact upon the energetics of northern shoveler such that an effect at either the population or individual protected site level would arise (see Section 6.6 in Appendix B of the HRA Report).


In combination (with Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B and Teesside C & D only) - for migratory northern shoveler the percentage of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland population exposed to potential barrier effects are calculated as 0.92% (see Table 7.39 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). Conclusions as above for project alone.






Identified impact


Dungeness to Pett Level proposed Ramsar

Migratory waterbird assemblage - Northern shoveler and whimbrel.



In combination – collision risk estimates for migratory species were available for six other projects (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report), including Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D. For Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D the collision risk is likely to represent significantly less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). No other projects identified any potential collision risk for migratory populations of these species.

Barrier effects Project alone – for these migratory species the percentages of Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations estimated to pass through the project areas at risk height (following Wright et al. (2012)) and thus exposed to potential barrier effects were 0.52% and 0.78% (see Table 6.25 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). The shortest approximately east-west route across the North Sea passing through the project, equates to an increase of 4% on the ca. 575km route in order for birds to circumvent the project area. For all other routes, the potential percentage increase in the migration route would be less than 4%. Based on the small percentage of migrating bird populations likely to be involved and the relatively small increase in flight distance that Dogger Bank Teesside A & B could exert it is concluded that the potential barrier posed by wind farm development would be unlikely to have a detrimental impact upon the energetics of these migratory birds such that an effect at either the population or individual protected site level would arise (see Section 6.6 in Appendix B of the HRA Report).


In combination (with Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B and Teesside C & D only) - for migratory northern shoveler and whimbrel the percentages of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations exposed to potential barrier effects are calculated as 0.92% and 1.18% respectively (see Table 7.39 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). Conclusions as above for project alone.






Identified impact


East Caithness Cliffs SPA

Article 4.2 (breeding) – Black-legged kittiwake, common guillemot, and razorbill. Article 4.2 (breeding assemblage) – Northern fulmar, black-legged kittiwake, great black-backed gull, common guillemot, razorbill, and Atlantic puffin.
























Identified impact


East Caithness Cliffs SPA (continued from above)

Article 4.2 (breeding) – Black-legged kittiwake, common guillemot, and razorbill. Article 4.2 (breeding assemblage) – Northern fulmar, black-legged kittiwake, great black-backed gull, common guillemot, razorbill, and Atlantic puffin. (continued from above)














Identified impact













Identified impact














Project alone - based on mean data, disturbance and displacement analysis (50% displacement rate) undertaken provides a figure of 1,804 displaced birds (186 during breeding months, 1,618 during other months of the year). A precautionary mortality rate of 5% has been assigned to this species based on knowledge of the foraging ecology of this species and the magnitude of the habitat loss that could occur as a result of displacement from within the site of the operational wind farm development. Therefore, in total the mortality of 49 birds (5 during the breeding season) across all of the SPAs in the greater North Sea region (see Tables A9.42a-d in Appendix 9 of Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES) is predicted. Dogger Bank Teesside A & B is located outside the maximum foraging range of razorbill that could derive from this SPA. Through attribution of the displacement impact it is estimated that 13 non-breeding birds from this SPA would be affected, representing 0.04% of the SPA population (see Table A9.42d in Appendix 9 in Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES). This predicted magnitude of impact is not considered to be significant at the population level.






Identified impact




















Identified impact




Collision risk Great black-backed gull (continued from above)











Identified impact


East Sanday Coast SPA

Article 4.1 (wintering) – Bar-tailed godwit. Article 4.2 (wintering) – Turnstone.



In combination – collision risk estimates for migratory species were available for six other projects (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report), including Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D. For Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D the collision risk is likely to represent significantly less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). For Hornsea Project One, potential collision risk and mortality estimates were calculated for twelve selected species of waterbird (seven waders and five waterfowl) based on a relatively high proportion of birds occurring within the regional SPAs close to the proposed Hornsea Project One wind farm development. The migratory paths of all twelve species also overlap with the Dogger Bank Zone and therefore potential cumulative impacts on migratory populations could occur. For the other projects considered, only two species (barnacle goose and common scoter) had migratory paths that overlapped with the Dogger Bank Zone. For all species for which migration zones overlap with the development area and other project areas it is calculated that on an annual basis the potential mortality associated with collision risk would represent less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations. See Table 7.38 and Section 7.8 in Appendix B of the HRA Report.






Identified impact


East Sanday Coast SPA (continued from above)

Article 4.1 (wintering) – Bar-tailed godwit. Article 4.2 (wintering) – Turnstone. (continued from above)

Barrier effects Project alone – for these migratory species the percentages of Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations estimated to pass through the project areas at risk height (following Wright et al. (2012)) and thus exposed to potential barrier effects were between 0.79% and 1.79% (see Table 6.25 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). The shortest approximately east-west route across the North Sea passing through the project, equates to an increase of 4% on the ca. 575km route in order for birds to circumvent the project area. For all other routes, the potential percentage increase in the migration route would be less than 4%. Based on the small percentage of these migrating bird populations likely to be involved and the relatively small increase in flight distance that Dogger Bank Teesside A & B could exert it is concluded that the potential barrier posed by wind farm development would be unlikely to have a detrimental impact upon the energetics of these migratory birds such that an effect at either the population or individual protected site level would arise (see Section 6.6 in Appendix B of the HRA Report).


In combination (with Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B and Teesside C & D only) - for migratory bar-tailed godwit and turnstone the percentages of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations exposed to potential barrier effects are calculated as 2.69% and 1.20% (see Table 7.39 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). Conclusions as above for project alone.


East Sanday Coast Ramsar

Wintering – Ruddy turnstone.

Collision risk As for the East Sanday Coast SPA. No adverse effect on integrity

Barrier effects As for the East Sanday Coast SPA. No adverse effect on integrity





Identified impact


Exe Estuary SPA

Article 4.1 (wintering) – Slavonian grebe. Article 4.2 (wintering assemblage) - Black-tailed godwit, dunlin, oystercatcher, wigeon, grey plover, lapwing, red-breasted merganser, Slavonian grebe, and whimbrel.



In combination – collision risk estimates for migratory species were available for six other projects (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report), including Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D. For Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D the collision risk is likely to represent significantly less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). For Hornsea Project One, potential collision risk and mortality estimates were calculated for twelve selected species of waterbird (seven waders and five waterfowl) based on a relatively high proportion of birds occurring within the regional SPAs close to the proposed Hornsea Project One wind farm development. The migratory paths of all twelve species (including black-tailed godwit, grey plover, wigeon and lapwing) also overlap with the Dogger Bank Zone and therefore potential cumulative impacts on migratory populations could occur. Collision losses for migratory oystercatcher from the Inch Cape project were also identified. For the other projects considered, only two species (barnacle goose and common scoter) had migratory paths that overlapped with the Dogger Bank Zone. For all species for which migration zones overlap with the development area and other project areas it is calculated that on an annual basis the potential mortality associated with collision risk would represent less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations. See Table 7.38 and Section 7.8 in Appendix B of the HRA Report.






Identified impact


Exe Estuary SPA (continued from above)

Article 4.1 (wintering) – Slavonian grebe. Article 4.2 (wintering assemblage) - Black-tailed godwit, dunlin, oystercatcher, wigeon, grey plover, lapwing, red-breasted merganser, Slavonian grebe, and whimbrel. (continued from above)





Exe Estuary Ramsar

Passage - Common greenshank and whimbrel. Wintering assemblage and species - Black-tailed godwit and red-breasted merganser.

Collision risk As for the Exe Estuary SPA. No adverse effect on integrity

Barrier effects As for the Exe Estuary SPA. No adverse effect on integrity





Identified impact


Fair Isle SPA Article 4.2 (breeding) – Common guillemot. Article 4.2 (breeding assemblage) – Northern fulmar, northern gannet, black-legged kittiwake, Arctic skua, great skua, common guillemot, razorbill, and Atlantic puffin.



















Identified impact


Fair Isle SPA (continued from above)

Article 4.2 (breeding) – Common guillemot. Article 4.2 (breeding assemblage) – Northern fulmar, northern gannet, black-legged kittiwake, Arctic skua, great skua, common guillemot, razorbill, and Atlantic puffin. (continued from above)

Displacement Northern gannet

Project alone - on the basis of sensitivity classifications, northern gannet has been assigned a 0% displacement rate (see paragraph 6.3.53 and Section 6.6 in Appendix B of the HRA Report) for the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B project by itself. No displacement effects would therefore arise.


In combination - a precautionary 5% mortality rate at the cumulative level has been assumed for northern gannet (see paragraph 6.3.53 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). Predictions of the numbers of gannet potentially displaced were available for 14 other projects (see Table 7.20 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). The cumulative number of birds estimated to be displaced across these projects is 9,297 (including both breeding and wintering seasons). A combined total of 122 birds are predicted to be lost through mortality following displacement (a total of 2,440 birds displaced throughout the year) from the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A and B and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D projects (75% displacement and 5% mortality). Apportioning of the affected birds to individual SPAs is presented in Table 7.21 in Appendix B of the HRA Report. The estimated combined impact of Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D for this SPA is a total of 3 non-breeding birds representing 0.02% of the SPA population. No apportioning of displaced birds was undertaken for the other projects examined. This predicted magnitude of impact is not considered to be significant at the population level.


Collision risk Northern gannet

Project alone - assuming a 99% avoidance rate, the number of collisions predicted based on mean population estimates is 68 birds – see Table 6.26 in Appendix B of the HRA Report. Of these collisions, all are assigned to the suite of SPAs considered in the assessment. Dogger Bank Teesside A & B is outside the mean maximum foraging range of northern gannet that could derive from this SPA. Apportioning of the annual collision estimate therefore relates to non-breeding birds, with 1.3 birds being attributed to this SPA, representing 0.01% of the designated SPA population and an increase in background mortality of 0.18% (see Table 6.27 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). This predicted magnitude of impact is not considered to be significant at the population level.






Identified impact




Collision risk Northern gannet (continued from above)

In combination – data on predicted collision estimates for northern gannet is available for 25 additional projects (see Table 7.29 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). Other than for this project and the Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D, no collision mortalities from other projects were assigned to this SPA. The predicted collision loss for Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D is 4.3 non-breeding birds, representing 0.04% of the SPA population (see Table A9.50d in Appendix 9 of Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES) and a 0.60% increase in the rate of background mortality. This predicted magnitude of impact is not considered to be significant at the population level.


Barrier effects Northern gannet

Project alone – the distance between Dogger Bank Teesside A & B and this SPA is greater than the mean maximum foraging range of northern gannet. Therefore no birds from this SPA would be expected to occur in the area during the breeding season. No barrier effect is therefore predicted.















Identified impact











Displacement Arctic skua

Project alone - on the basis of sensitivity classifications, Arctic skua has been assigned a 0% displacement rate (see paragraph 6.3.36 and Section 6.6 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). No displacement effects would therefore arise.




Collision risk Arctic skua

Project alone – assuming a 98% avoidance rate, analysis provided estimates of <0.1 Arctic skua collisions based on the mean of data (see Table 6.26 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). It is considered that the predicted very low number of annual collisions for this species would be highly unlikely to have a discernible effect at the population level, either with regard to designated site-based populations or wider North Sea populations.


In combination - the annual collision loss of Arctic skua predicted for Dogger Bank Teesside A & B is deemed to be insignificant and therefore no in-combination assessment is considered necessary.






Identified impact




Barrier effects Arctic skua

Project alone – the distance between Dogger Bank Teesside A & B and this SPA is greater than the mean maximum foraging range of Arctic skua. Therefore no birds from this SPA would be expected to occur in the area during the breeding season. No barrier effect is therefore predicted.



Displacement Great skua

Project alone - on the basis of sensitivity classifications, great skua has been assigned a 0% displacement rate (see paragraph 6.3.36 and Section 6.6 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). No displacement effects would therefore arise.




Collision risk Great skua

Project alone – assuming a 98% avoidance rate, analysis provided estimates of 1 great skua collision based on the mean of data (see Table 6.26 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). It is considered that the predicted very low number of annual collisions for this species would be highly unlikely to have a discernible effect at the population level, either with regard to designated site-based populations or wider North Sea populations.


In combination - the annual collision loss of great skua predicted for Dogger Bank Teesside A & B is deemed to be insignificant and therefore no in-combination assessment is considered necessary.

Barrier effects Great Skua

Project alone – the distance between Dogger Bank Teesside A & B and this SPA is greater than the mean maximum foraging range of great skua. Therefore no birds from this SPA would be expected to occur in the area during the breeding season. No barrier effect is therefore predicted.







Identified impact













Identified impact














Project alone - based on mean data, disturbance and displacement analysis (50% displacement rate) undertaken provides a figure of 1,804 displaced birds (186 during breeding months, 1,618 during other months of the year). A precautionary mortality rate of 5% has been assigned to this species based on knowledge of the foraging ecology of this species and the magnitude of the habitat loss that could occur as a result of displacement from within the site of the operational wind farm development. Therefore, in total the mortality of 49 birds (5 during the breeding season) across all of the SPAs in the greater North Sea region (see Tables A9.42a-d in Appendix 9 of Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES) is predicted. Dogger Bank Teesside A & B is located outside the maximum foraging range of razorbill that could derive from this SPA. Through attribution of the displacement impact it is estimated that 1 non-breeding bird from this SPA would be affected, representing 0.04% of the SPA population (see Table A9.42d in Appendix 9 in Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES). This predicted magnitude of impact is not considered to be significant at the population level.






Identified impact





In combination – predictions of the numbers of razorbill potentially displaced were available for 16 other projects (see Table 7.20 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). The cumulative number of birds estimated to be displaced across these projects was 17,962. A combined total of 743 birds are predicted to be lost through mortality following displacement from the projects considered in the assessment (see Table 7.25 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). Apportioning of the affected birds to individual SPAs is presented in Table 7.26 in Appendix B of the HRA Report. For Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D the calculated cumulative loss is 4 non-breeding birds, representing 0.14% of the SPA population (see Table A9.59d in Appendix 9 in Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES). No other projects apportioned displacement mortalities to this SPA. This predicted magnitude of impact is not considered to be significant at the population level.















Identified impact







In combination - predictions of the numbers of Atlantic puffin potentially displaced were available for 13 other projects (see Table 7.20 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). The cumulative number of birds estimated to be displaced across these projects was 11,119. A combined total of 524 birds are predicted to be lost through mortality following displacement from the projects considered in the assessment (see Table 7.27 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). Apportioning of the affected birds to individual SPAs is presented in Table 7.28 in Appendix B of the HRA Report. The relatively small number (37) of puffin affected by all three Dogger Bank projects results in a near zero percentage impact on relevant SPA populations screened into the assessment (see Table A9.62d in Appendix 9 of Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES). No birds affected by other projects were apportioned to this SPA. The estimated combined impact of Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D for this SPA is a total of 1.38 non-breeding birds representing 0.01% of the SPA population. This predicted magnitude of impact is not considered to be significant at the population level.






Identified impact













Farne Islands SPA

Article 4.2 (breeding) – Common guillemot and Atlantic puffin. Article 4.2 (breeding assemblage) – Black-legged kittiwake, common guillemot, razorbill, and Atlantic puffin.







Project alone - assuming a 98% avoidance rate, the number of collisions predicted based on mean population estimates is 134 birds – see Table 6.26 in Appendix B of the HRA Report. Of these collisions 108 are assigned to the suite of SPAs considered in the assessment. Dogger Bank Teesside A & B is outside the maximum foraging range of black-legged kittiwake that could derive from this SPA. Apportioning of the annual collision estimate therefore relates to non-breeding birds with 1.1 birds being attributed to this SPA, representing 0.01% of the designated SPA population and an increase in background mortality of 0.17% (see Table A9.35d in Appendix 9 of Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES). This predicted magnitude of impact is not considered to be significant at the population level.






Identified impact


Farne Islands SPA (continued from above)

Article 4.2 (breeding) – Common guillemot and Atlantic puffin. Article 4.2 (breeding assemblage) – Black-legged kittiwake, common guillemot, razorbill, and Atlantic puffin. (continued from above)


In combination – data on predicted collision estimates for black-legged kittiwake are available for 20 additional projects. The cumulative collision estimate for black-legged kittiwake is estimated as 2,157 birds per year from these projects (see Table 7.29 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). Dogger Bank Teesside A & B is outside the maximum foraging range of black-legged kittiwake that could derive from this SPA. The predicted collision loss for Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D is 4.2 non-breeding birds, representing a total of 0.09% of the SPA population (see Table A9.52d in Appendix 9 of Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES) and a 1.72% increase in the rate of background mortality. This predicted magnitude of impact is not considered to be significant at the population level. None of the other projects examined apportioned collision losses during the non- breeding season to this SPA.










Identified impact





Project alone - based on mean data, disturbance and displacement analysis (using a 50% displacement rate) provides a figure of 5,511 displaced birds (1,108 during breeding months, 4,403 during other months of the year). A precautionary mortality rate of 5% has been assigned to this species based on knowledge of the foraging ecology of this species and the magnitude of the habitat loss that could occur as a result of displacement from within the site of the operational wind farm development. Taking account of potential mortality, displacement could result in the loss of 276 birds (37 during the breeding season) across all of the SPAs in the greater North Sea region (see Tables A9.39a-d in Appendix 9 of Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES). Dogger Bank Teesside A & B is located within the maximum foraging range of common guillemot that could derive from this SPA. Through attribution of the displacement impact it is estimated that 8 breeding birds (0.01% of the SPA population) and 18 non-breeding birds (0.02% of the SPA population) would be affected, giving a total of 0.03% of the SPA population (see Table A9.39d in Appendix 9 in Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES). This predicted magnitude of impact is not considered to be significant at the population level.


In combination – predictions of the numbers of common guillemot potentially displaced were available for 16 other projects (see Table 7.20 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). The cumulative number of birds estimated to be displaced across these projects was 64,557. A combined total of 1,888 birds are predicted to be lost through mortality following displacement from the projects considered in the assessment (see Table 7.22 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). Apportioning of the affected birds to individual SPAs is presented in Table 7.23 in Appendix B of the HRA Report. A cumulative impact of 54 adult birds lost through mortality following displacement is calculated for the Farne Islands SPA, representing 0.09% of the breeding population of this site. For the Neart na Gaoithe project, five of the total 76 predicted guillemot mortalities resulting from displacement are apportioned to the Farne Islands SPA. The contribution of Dogger Bank Teesside A & B to the cumulative total is 7 breeding birds <0.01% of the breeding population. This predicted magnitude of impact is not considered to be significant at the population level.






Identified impact














Project alone - based on mean data, disturbance and displacement analysis (50% displacement rate) undertaken provides a figure of 1,804 displaced birds (186 during breeding months, 1,618 during other months of the year). A precautionary mortality rate of 5% has been assigned to this species based on knowledge of the foraging ecology of this species and the magnitude of the habitat loss that could occur as a result of displacement from within the site of the operational wind farm development. Therefore, in total the mortality of 49 birds (5 during the breeding season) across all of the SPAs in the greater North Sea region (see Tables A9.42a-d in Appendix 9 of Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES) is predicted. Through attribution of the displacement impact it is estimated that <0.1 of an adult breeding bird and 1 non-breeding bird from this SPA would be affected, representing 0.01% and 0.04% respectively of the SPA population (see Table A9.42d in Appendix 9 in Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES), a total of 0.05% of the population. This predicted magnitude of impact is not considered to be significant at the population level.






Identified impact





In combination – predictions of the numbers of razorbill potentially displaced were available for 16 other projects (see Table 7.20 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). The cumulative number of birds estimated to be displaced across these projects was 17,962. A combined total of 743 birds are predicted to be lost through mortality following displacement from the projects considered in the assessment (see Table 7.25 in Appendix B of the HRA Report. Apportioning of the affected birds to individual SPAs is presented in Table 7.26 in Appendix B of the HRA Report. For Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D the calculated cumulative loss is 0.3 adult breeding birds and 1.7 non-breeding birds, representing 0.18% of the SPA population (see Table A9.59d in Appendix 9 in Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES). No other projects apportioned displacement mortalities to this SPA. This predicted magnitude of impact is not considered to be significant at the population level.








Project alone - the numbers of birds potentially exposed to a barrier effect represents less than 0.1% of national or biogeographic populations. Apportioning to individual protected sites indicates that less than 0.11% of the breeding population at this SPA would be affected (see Table A9.43 in Appendix 9 of Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES). The average increase in flight distance due to the barrier presented by Dogger Bank Teesside A & B is approximately 25km (8% of the species’ maximum foraging range of 312km). Given the very small percentage of the population likely to be affected and the small flight deviation that might be incurred through the presence of the wind farm it is concluded that a negligible barrier effect would result, such that no population level effect is expected.






Identified impact




Barrier effects Razorbill (continued from above)

In combination – for Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D the potential barrier posed by the combined wind farm development would affect an estimated 0.45% of the breeding population (see Table A9.60 in Appendix 9 of Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES). Given the small percentage of the population likely to be affected, the distance of the development area from the SPA and the small flight deviation (8% as described above) that might be incurred through the presence of the wind farm it is concluded that a negligible barrier effect would result, which would not be significant at the population level.



Project alone - based on the mean data, disturbance and displacement analysis (50% displacement rate) undertaken provides a mean of 168 displaced birds (all non-breeders). A precautionary mortality rate of 5% has been assigned to this species based on knowledge of the foraging ecology of this species and the magnitude of the habitat loss that could occur as a result of displacement from within the site of the operational wind farm development. Therefore, in total, a predicted eight birds could die as a result of displacement from the wind farm area (see Tables A9.45a-d in Appendix 9 in Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES for a breakdown of the annual data). In total, this species is a feature of 16 SPAs situated around the North Sea. Dogger Bank Teesside A & B is outside the mean maximum foraging range during the breeding season of any SPAs supporting qualifying populations of this species. Attribution of predicted losses to this SPA would result in a population impact <0.01%. This predicted magnitude of impact is not considered to be significant at the population level.






Identified impact




Displacement Atlantic puffin (continued from above)

In combination - predictions of the numbers of Atlantic puffin potentially displaced were available for 13 other projects (see Table 7.20 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). The cumulative number of birds estimated to be displaced across these projects was 11,119. A combined total of 524 birds are predicted to be lost through mortality following displacement from the projects considered in the assessment (see Table 7.27 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). Apportioning of the affected birds to individual SPAs is presented in Table 7.28 in Appendix B of the HRA Report. The relatively small number (37) of puffin affected by all three Dogger Bank projects results in a near zero percentage impact on relevant SPA populations screened into the assessment (see Table A9.62d in Appendix 9 of Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES). Eighteen adult birds during the breeding season were apportioned to this SPA from the Hornsea Project One, representing 0.04% of the population and 7 non-breeding birds from Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D, representing 0.01% of the SPA population (total of 0,05% of the population). This predicted magnitude of impact is not considered to be significant at the population level.















Identified impact


Fetlar SPA Article 4.2 (breeding) – Great skua. Article 4.2 (breeding assemblage) – Northern fulmar, Arctic skua, and great skua.
























Identified impact


Fetlar SPA (continued from above)

Article 4.2 (breeding) – Great skua. Article 4.2 (breeding assemblage) – Northern fulmar, Arctic skua, and great skua. (continued from above)
























Identified impact


Fetlar SPA (continued from above)

Article 4.2 (breeding) – Great skua. Article 4.2 (breeding assemblage) – Northern fulmar, Arctic skua, and great skua. (continued from above)





Firth of Forth SPA

Article 4.1 (wintering) – Bar-tailed godwit and golden plover. Article 4.2 (wintering) – Knot, redshank, shelduck, and turnstone. Article 4.2 (wintering assemblage) - Bar-tailed godwit, common scoter, curlew, dunlin, golden plover, goldeneye, great-crested grebe, grey plover, knot, lapwing, mallard, oystercatcher, red-breasted merganser, redshank, ringed plover, scaup, shelduck, Slavonian grebe, turnstone, velvet scoter, and wigeon.



In combination – collision risk estimates for migratory species were available for six other projects (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report), including Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D. For Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D the collision risk is likely to represent significantly less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). For Hornsea Project One, potential collision risk and mortality estimates were calculated for twelve selected species of waterbird (seven waders and five waterfowl) based on a relatively high proportion of birds occurring within the regional SPAs close to the proposed Hornsea Project One wind farm development. The migratory paths of all twelve species (including golden plover, grey plover, knot, lapwing, shelduck and wigeon) also overlap with the Dogger Bank Zone and therefore potential cumulative impacts on migratory populations could occur. Collision losses for migratory common scoter, golden plover oystercatcher and shelduck from the Inch Cape project were also identified. For the other projects considered, only two species (barnacle goose and common scoter) had migratory paths that overlapped with the Dogger Bank Zone. For all species for which migration zones overlap with the development area and other project areas it is calculated that on an annual basis the potential mortality associated with collision risk would represent less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations. See Table 7.38 and Section 7.8 in Appendix B of the HRA Report.






Identified impact


Firth of Forth SPA (continued from above)

Article 4.1 (wintering) – Bar-tailed godwit and golden plover. Article 4.2 (wintering) – Knot, redshank, shelduck, and turnstone. Article 4.2 (wintering assemblage) - Bar-tailed godwit, common scoter, curlew, dunlin, golden plover, goldeneye, great-crested grebe, grey plover, knot, lapwing, mallard, oystercatcher, red-breasted merganser, redshank, ringed plover, scaup, shelduck, Slavonian grebe, turnstone, velvet scoter, and wigeon. (continued from above)









Identified impact


Firth of Forth Ramsar

Passage assemblage and species - Common goldeneye, common greenshank, common redshank, common shelduck, Eurasian curlew, Eurasian oystercatcher, goosander, great-crested grebe, red-breasted merganser, ringed plover, ruddy turnstone and ruff.

Wintering assemblage and species - Bar-tailed godwit, black-tailed godwit, common scoter, dunlin, European golden plover, greater scaup, grey plover, red knot, sanderling, Slavonian grebe, and velvet scoter.

Collision risk As for the Firth of Forth SPA. No adverse effect on integrity

Barrier effects As for the Firth of Forth SPA. No adverse effect on integrity





Identified impact


Firth of Tay and Eden Estuary SPA

Article 4.1 (wintering) – Bar-tailed godwit. Article 4.2 (wintering) – Redshank. Article 4.2 (wintering assemblage) - Velvet scoter, common scoter, redshank, shelduck, bar-tailed godwit, black-tailed godwit, goldeneye, red-breasted merganser, goosander, oystercatcher, grey plover, sanderling, and dunlin.



In combination – collision risk estimates for migratory species were available for six other projects (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report), including Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D. For Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D the collision risk is likely to represent significantly less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). For Hornsea Project One, potential collision risk and mortality estimates were calculated for twelve selected species of waterbird (seven waders and five waterfowl) based on a relatively high proportion of birds occurring within the regional SPAs close to the proposed Hornsea Project One wind farm development. The migratory paths of all twelve species (including shelduck, black-tailed godwit and grey plover) also overlap with the Dogger Bank Zone and therefore potential cumulative impacts on migratory populations could occur. Collision losses for migratory common scoter, shelduck, goldeneye, oystercatcher and shelduck from the Inch Cape project were also identified. For the other projects considered, only two species (barnacle goose and common scoter) had migratory paths that overlapped with the Dogger Bank Zone. For all species for which migration zones overlap with the development area and other project areas it is calculated that on an annual basis the potential mortality associated with collision risk would represent less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations. See Table 7.38 and Section 7.8 in Appendix B of the HRA Report.






Identified impact


Firth of Tay and Eden Estuary SPA (continued from above)

Article 4.1 (wintering) – Bar-tailed godwit. Article 4.2 (wintering) – Redshank. Article 4.2 (wintering assemblage) - Velvet scoter, common scoter, redshank, shelduck, bar-tailed godwit, black-tailed godwit, goldeneye, red-breasted merganser, goosander, oystercatcher, grey plover, sanderling, and dunlin. (continued from above)





Firth of Tay and Eden Estuary Ramsar

Passage – Common greenshank, common redshank, goosander, and ringed plover. Wintering assemblage and species - Bar-tailed godwit, common scoter, Eurasian oystercatcher, grey plover, and velvet scoter.

Collision risk As for the Firth of Tay and Eden Estuary SPA. No adverse effect on integrity

Barrier effects As for the Firth of Tay and Eden Estuary SPA. No adverse effect on integrity





Identified impact


Flamborough and Filey Coast pSPA

Article 4.2 (breeding) – Black-legged kittiwake. Article 4.2 (breeding assemblage) – Northern fulmar, northern gannet, black-legged kittiwake, common guillemot, razorbill, and Atlantic puffin.











Barrier effect Northern fulmar



In combination – for Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D the potential barrier posed by the combined wind farm development would affect an estimated 15.6% of the breeding population (see Table A9.46 in Appendix 9 of Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES). Given the distance to the pSPA, presence of good foraging habitat closer to the colony and the small flight deviation that might be incurred through the presence of the wind farms it is concluded that a negligible barrier effect would result.






Identified impact


Flamborough and Filey Coast pSPA (continued from above)

Article 4.2 (breeding) – Black-legged kittiwake. Article 4.2 (breeding assemblage) – Northern fulmar, northern gannet, black-legged kittiwake, common guillemot, razorbill, and Atlantic puffin. (continued from above)




In combination - a precautionary 5% mortality rate at the cumulative level has been assumed for northern gannet (see paragraph 6.3.53 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). Predictions of the numbers of gannet potentially displaced were available for 14 other projects (see Table 7.20 in Appendix B of the HRA Report) and all Dogger Bank projects. The cumulative number of birds estimated to be displaced across these projects was 9,297 (including both breeding and wintering seasons). A combined total of 122 birds are predicted to be lost through mortality following displacement (a total of 2,440 birds displaced throughout the year) from the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A and B and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D projects (75% displacement and 5% mortality). For East Anglia ONE a maximum loss of 30 birds is calculated and for Hornsea Project One a maximum loss of 7 birds. Apportioning of the affected birds to individual SPAs is presented in Table 7.21 in Appendix B of the HRA Report. No birds affected by East Anglia ONE were apportioned to this pSPA and three adult birds affected by Hornsea Project One were apportioned to this pSPA. The estimated combined impact of Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, Dogger Bank Teesside C & D, and Hornsea Project One for this pSPA is a total of 20 birds (inclusive of 14 adults during the breeding season) representing 0.1% of the pSPA population. This precautionary displacement impact is not considered to be significant at the population level.






Identified impact





Project alone - assuming a 99% avoidance rate, the number of collisions predicted based on mean population estimates is 68 birds – see Table 6.26 in Appendix B of the HRA Report. Of these collisions, all are assigned to the suite of SPAs considered in the assessment. Apportioning of the annual collision estimate during the breeding season attributes a collision loss of seven adults representing 0.035% of the pSPA population. For non-breeding birds, three birds (two adults) lost through collision are attributed this pSPA, representing 0.015% of the designated pSPA population (see Table 6.27 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). In total the loss of adult birds through collision at this pSPA would represent an increase in the background mortality of 0.79%. A Potential Biological Removal (PBR) value of 503 adult birds is calculated for this species at Flamborough Head (see Appendix E of the HRA Report). On the basis of this PBR work, the loss of seven adults during the breeding season per year is well below the likely threshold of mortality increase at which a decline in the population of northern gannet at the Flamborough and Filey Coast pSPA would be likely to occur. Consequently, the predicted magnitude of collision impact is not considered significant at the designated site population level.


In combination– data on predicted collision estimates for northern gannet is available for 25 additional projects (see Table 7.29 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). Out of the total of 68 annual collision losses calculated for Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, 10 mortalities (seven breeding adults, three non-breeding adults and immature) were attributed to the Flamborough and Filey Coast pSPA. In addition to the apportioning undertaken for Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, collision estimates have been attributed to the Flamborough and Filey Coast pSPA from 11 other projects, resulting in a cumulative collision estimate of 239-261 adult birds – see Table 7.30 in Appendix B of the HRA Report. The cumulative annual loss of adult birds from the population is below the calculated PBR of 503 birds (see Appendix E of the HRA Report). Consequently, the predicted magnitude of collision impact is not considered significant at the designated site population level.






Identified impact





Project alone - apportioning of the number of birds in flight in the Teesside A & B development area indicates that 0.34% of the breeding population at this site (just under 553 adult birds) would be affected (see Table A9.32 in Appendix 9 of Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES). The average increase in flight distance due to the barrier presented by Dogger Bank Teesside A & B is approximately 25km (10% of the species’ mean maximum foraging range of 230km). This increase might prevent birds from this pSPA reaching foraging areas beyond the development area. However, given the small percentage of the population likely to be affected and the small flight deviation that might be incurred through the presence of the wind farm it is concluded that a negligible barrier effect would result, which would not be significant at the designated site population level.


In combination – for Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D the potential barrier posed by the combined wind farm development would affect an estimated 169 adult birds or 1.07% of the site’s breeding population (see Table A9.49 in Appendix 9 of Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES). Given the small percentage of the population likely to be affected and the small flight deviation that might be incurred through the presence of the wind farms it is concluded that a negligible barrier effect would result, which would not be significant at the designated site population level.











Identified impact





Project alone - assuming a 98% avoidance rate, the number of collisions predicted based on mean population estimates is 134 birds – see Table 6.26 in Appendix B of the HRA Report. Of these collisions 108 are assigned to the suite of SPAs (and pSPAs) considered in the assessment. Dogger Bank Teesside A & B is within the maximum foraging range of black-legged kittiwake that could derive from this pSPA. Apportioning of the annual collision estimate during the breeding season attributes a collision loss of 55 adults representing 0.06% of the pSPA population. For non-breeding birds, 13 birds (8 adults) lost through collision are attributed this pSPA, representing 0.01% of the designated pSPA population (see Table 6.32 in Appendix B of the HRA Report and Table A9.35d in Appendix 9 of Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES). In total the loss of adult birds through collision at this pSPA would represent an increase in the background mortality of 1.34%. A PBR value of 1,718 adult birds has been calculated (see Appendix E of the HRA Report) for this species at Flamborough and Filey Coast pSPA (see Section 6.6 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). The loss of 63 adult birds in total is significantly below this PBR. Consequently, the predicted magnitude of collision impact is not considered significant at the designated site population level.






Identified impact





In combination – data on predicted collision estimates for black-legged kittiwake are available for 20 additional projects. The cumulative collision estimate for black-legged kittiwake is estimated as 2,157 birds per year from these projects (see Table 7.29 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). The predicted collision loss for Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D is 238 adult birds during the breeding season, representing 0.27% of the pSPA population (see Table A9.52d in Appendix 9 of Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES) and 47 non-breeding birds (29 adults) a 5.72% increase in the rate of background mortality. In addition, collision estimates have been attributed to the Flamborough and Filey Coast pSPA from six other projects (see Table 7.30 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). The cumulative collision estimate for black-legged kittiwake for all projects for the Flamborough and Filey Coast pSPA amounts to 436-462 adult birds. The cumulative total of 436-462 collision losses of adult kittiwake from the Flamborough and Filey Coast pSPA would therefore represent 25-27% of the calculated PBR (see Appendix E in the HRA Report. This analysis indicates that the predicted cumulative collision losses for the Flamborough and Filey Coast pSPA black-legged kittiwake population would be below a threshold at which adverse population effects would be expected to occur. pSPA






Identified impact





Project alone – the apportioning of the number of birds in flight within Dogger Bank Teesside A & B to individual protected sites indicates that 1.1% of the breeding population at this site could be affected by the potential barrier posed by the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B wind farm (see Table A9.34 in Appendix 9 of Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES). The average increase in flight distance due to the barrier presented by Dogger Bank Teesside A & B is approximately 25km (10.8% of the species’ maximum foraging range of 230km). This increase might prevent birds from this pSPA reaching foraging areas beyond the development area, although the area in which Dogger Bank Teesside A & B would be located at a distance towards the upper end of the maximum range suggesting that regular flight beyond the development area to access foraging ground is unlikely. Given the small percentage of the population likely to be affected and the small flight deviation that might be incurred through the presence of the wind farm it is concluded that a negligible barrier effect would result, which would not be significant at the designated site population level.


In combination – for Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D the potential barrier posed by the combined wind farm development would affect an estimated 4.9% of the breeding population (see Table A9.51 in Appendix 9 of Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES). Given the small percentage of the population likely to be affected, distance of the developments from the pSPA and the small flight deviation (10.8% described above) that might be incurred through the presence of the wind farms it is concluded that a negligible barrier effect would result, which would not be significant at the designated site population level.






Identified impact





Project alone - based on mean data, disturbance and displacement analysis (using a 50% displacement rate) provides a figure of 5,511 displaced birds (1,108 during breeding months, 4,403 during other months of the year). A precautionary mortality rate of 5% has been assigned to this species based on knowledge of the foraging ecology of this species and the magnitude of the habitat loss that could occur as a result of displacement from within the site of the operational wind farm development. Taking account of potential mortality, displacement could result in the loss of 276 birds (37 during the breeding season) across all of the SPAs (and pSPAs) in the greater North Sea region (see Tables A9.39a-d in Appendix 9 of Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES). Dogger Bank Teesside A & B is located within the maximum foraging range of common guillemot that could derive from this pSPA. Through attribution of the displacement impact it is estimated that 20 breeding birds (0.02% of the pSPA population) and 23 non-breeding birds (0.02% of the pSPA population) would be affected, giving a total of 0.04% of the pSPA population (see Table A9.39d in Appendix 9 in Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES). This predicted magnitude of impact is not considered to be significant at the population level.


In combination – predictions of the numbers of common guillemot potentially displaced were available for 16 other projects (see Table 7.20 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). The cumulative number of birds estimated to be displaced across these projects was 64,557. A combined total of 1,888 birds are predicted to be lost through mortality following displacement from the projects considered in the assessment (see Table 7.22 in Appendix B of the HRA Report. Apportioning of the affected birds to individual SPAs (and pSPAs) is presented in Table 7.23 in Appendix B of the HRA Report. For Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D the calculated cumulative loss is 244 birds (137 breeding adults and 107 non-breeding birds) representing 0.25% of the pSPA population (see Table A9.56d in Appendix 9 in Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES). 127 adult mortalities from the Hornsea Project One were also apportioned to this pSPA, representing a population impact of 0.15% and a total cumulative impact of 0.4%. This predicted magnitude of impact is not considered to be significant at the population level.






Identified impact










Project alone – the distance between Dogger Bank Teesside A & B and this SPA is greater than the maximum foraging range of common guillemot. Therefore no birds from this pSPA would be expected to occur in the area during the breeding season. No barrier effect is therefore predicted.




Project alone - based on mean data, disturbance and displacement analysis (50% displacement rate) undertaken provides a figure of 1,804 displaced birds (186 during breeding months, 1,618 during other months of the year). A precautionary mortality rate of 5% has been assigned to this species based on knowledge of the foraging ecology of this species and the magnitude of the habitat loss that could occur as a result of displacement from within the site of the operational wind farm development. Therefore, in total the mortality of 49 birds (5 during the breeding season) across all of the SPAs (and pSPAs) in the greater North Sea region (see Tables A9.42a-d in Appendix 9 of Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES) is predicted. Dogger Bank Teesside A & B is located within the maximum foraging range of razorbill that could derive from this pSPA. Through attribution of the displacement impact it is estimated that 4.4 adult breeding birds and 11.4 non-breeding birds from this SPA would be affected. In total this would represent 0.06% of the pSPA population (see Table A9.42d in Appendix 9 in Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES). This predicted magnitude of impact is not considered to be significant at the population level.






Identified impact





In combination – predictions of the numbers of razorbill potentially displaced were available for 16 other projects (see Table 7.20 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). The cumulative number of birds estimated to be displaced across these projects was 17,962. A combined total of 743 birds are predicted to be lost through mortality following displacement from the projects considered in the assessment (see Table 7.25 in Appendix B of the HRA Report. Apportioning of the affected birds to individual SPAs (and pSPAs) is presented in Table 7.26 in Appendix B of the HRA Report. For Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D the calculated cumulative loss is 17.6 adult breeding birds and 45.3 non-breeding birds (63 birds in total) or 0.23% of the pSPA population (see Table A9.59d in Appendix 9 in Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES). 79 adult birds during the breeding season were apportioned to this SPA from the Hornsea Project One, representing 0.4% of the population, giving a combined total impact with Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D of 0.63% of the population (0.49% of the breeding population). No other projects apportioned displacement mortalities to this pSPA. This predicted magnitude of impact is not considered to be significant at the population level.











Identified impact





Project alone - the numbers of birds potentially exposed to a barrier effect represents less than 0.1% of national or biogeographic populations. Apportioning to individual protected sites indicates that less than 0.15% of the breeding population at this pSPA would be affected (see Table A9.43 in Appendix 9 of Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES). The average increase in flight distance due to the barrier presented by Dogger Bank Teesside A & B is approximately 25km (8% of the species’ maximum foraging range of 312km). Given the very small percentage of the population likely to be affected and the small flight deviation that might be incurred through the presence of the wind farm it is concluded that a negligible barrier effect would result, such that no population level effect is expected.


In combination – for Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D the potential barrier posed by the combined wind farm development would affect an estimated 0.64% of the breeding population (see Table A9.60 in Appendix 9 of Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES). Given the small percentage of the population likely to be affected, the distance of the development area from the pSPA and the small flight deviation (8% as described above) that might be incurred through the presence of the wind farm it is concluded that a negligible barrier effect would result, which would not be significant at the population level.



Project alone - based on the mean data, disturbance and displacement analysis (50% displacement rate) undertaken provides a mean of 168 displaced birds (all non-breeders). A precautionary mortality rate of 5% has been assigned to this species based on knowledge of the foraging ecology of this species and the magnitude of the habitat loss that could occur as a result of displacement from within the site of the operational wind farm development. Therefore, in total, a predicted eight birds could die as a result of displacement from the wind farm area (see Tables A9.45a-d in Appendix 9 in Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES for a breakdown of the annual data). In total, this species is a feature of 16 SPAs situated around the North Sea. Dogger Bank Teesside A & B is outside the mean maximum foraging range during the breeding season of any SPAs (and pSPAs) supporting qualifying populations of this species. Attribution of predicted losses to this pSPA would result in a population impact <0.01%. This predicted magnitude of impact is not considered to be significant at the population level.






Identified impact





In combination - predictions of the numbers of Atlantic puffin potentially displaced were available for 13 other projects (see Table 7.20 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). The cumulative number of birds estimated to be displaced across these projects was 11,119. A combined total of 524 birds are predicted to be lost through mortality following displacement from the projects considered in the assessment (see Table 7.27 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). Apportioning of the affected birds to individual SPAs (and pSPAs) is presented in Table 7.28 in Appendix B of the HRA Report. The relatively small number (37) of puffin affected by all three Dogger Bank projects results in a near zero percentage impact on relevant SPA and pSPA populations screened into the assessment (see Table A9.62d in Appendix 9 of Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES). Three adult birds during the breeding season were apportioned to this pSPA from the Hornsea Project One, representing 0.3% of the population and 0.1 of a non-breeding bird from Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D, representing 0.01% of the pSPA population (total of 0,31% of the population). This predicted magnitude of impact is not considered to be significant at the population level.








Project alone – the distance between Dogger Bank Teesside A & B and this SPA is greater than the mean maximum foraging range of Atlantic puffin. Therefore no birds from this pSPA would be expected to occur in the area during the breeding season. No barrier effect is therefore predicted.







Identified impact


Forth Islands SPA

Article 4.2 (breeding) – Northern gannet and Atlantic puffin. Article 4.2 (breeding assemblage) – Northern fulmar, northern gannet, black-legged kittiwake, lesser black-backed gull, common guillemot, razorbill, and Atlantic puffin.




















Identified impact


Forth Islands SPA (continued from above)

Article 4.2 (breeding) – Northern gannet and Atlantic puffin. Article 4.2 (breeding assemblage) – Northern fulmar, northern gannet, black-legged kittiwake, lesser black-backed gull, common guillemot, razorbill, and Atlantic puffin. (continued from above)




In combination - a precautionary 5% mortality rate at the cumulative level has been assumed for northern gannet (see paragraph 6.3.53 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). Predictions of the numbers of gannet potentially displaced were available for 14 other projects (see Table 7.20 in Appendix B of the HRA Report) and all Dogger Bank projects. The cumulative number of birds estimated to be displaced across these projects is 9,297 (including both breeding and wintering seasons). A combined total of 122 birds are predicted to be lost through mortality following displacement (a total of 2,440 birds displaced throughout the year) from the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A and B and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D projects (75% displacement and 5% mortality). Apportioning of the affected birds to individual SPAs is presented in Table 7.21 in Appendix B of the HRA Report. For the Forth Islands SPA, 20 adult birds are predicted to be lost from the breeding population as a result of displacement from Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D combined. Together with 19 adult birds apportioned to this SPA from the Firth of Forth Alpha and Bravo development and 34 adults from the Neart na Gaoithe project, the total loss is 73 adult breeding birds. This equates to 0.065% of the designated SPA population. . This predicted magnitude of impact is not considered to be significant at the population level.






Identified impact





Project alone - assuming a 99% avoidance rate, the number of collisions predicted based on mean population estimates is 68 birds – see Table 6.26 in Appendix B of the HRA Report. Of these collisions, all are assigned to the suite of SPAs considered in the assessment. Dogger Bank Teesside A & B is not within the mean maximum foraging range of northern gannet that could derive from this SPA; however, on the basis of tagging data, it is possible that birds from this SPA may forage in Dogger Bank. Apportioning of the annual collision estimate during the breeding season attributes a collision loss of 14 adults representing 0.01% of the SPA population. For non-breeding birds, 21 birds lost through collision are attributed this SPA, representing 0.02% of the designated SPA population (see Table 6.27 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). In total the loss of adult birds through collision at this SPA would represent an increase in the background mortality of 0.36%. A threshold mortality that could be sustained for the Bass Rock gannet colony (part of the Forth Islands SPA) was calculated as part of the WWT (2012) PVA analysis for this species. This mortality threshold was calculated as 2,000 birds, although subsequent PBR work for the Seagreen project indicates that the threshold is 2,511 birds. On the basis of this PVA work, the annual loss of 28 birds is well below the likely threshold of mortality increase at which a decline in the population of northern gannet at the Forth Islands SPA would be likely to occur. Consequently, the predicted magnitude of collision impact is not considered significant at the designated site population level.






Identified impact





In combination – data on predicted collision estimates for northern gannet is available for 25 additional projects (see Table 7.29 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). Other than for this project and Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D, a total of 10 non-breeding birds from Hornsea Project One were apportioned to this SPA. The predicted collision loss for Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D is 108 birds, representing 0.08% of the SPA population (see Table A9.50d in Appendix 9 of Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES) and a 1.13% increase in the rate of background mortality. Several proposed Scottish wind farm projects are located within the mean maximum foraging range of the Forth Islands SPA and predicted gannet collision mortalities have been largely apportioned to this SPA, as shown in Table 7.31 in Appendix B of the HRA Report. Cumulatively, the number of adult mortalities at a 98% avoidance rate is high with a total of 2,247 adult mortalities predicted. This level of collision mortality reflects the relatively close proximity of these wind farms to the large breeding colony at Bass Rock, which supports over 110,000 northern gannet. With the inclusion of predicted losses from Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D the total losses are estimated as 1,803 and 2,053 birds, depending on the methodology used (see Section 7.8 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). The Dogger Bank Teesside A & B contribution to the total breeding adult mortality is 1.5%. Based on the revised PBR of 2,511 birds the in-combination total falls below the likely threshold of mortality increase at which a decline in the population of northern gannet at the Forth Islands SPA would be likely to occur.






Identified impact





Project alone – Dogger Bank Teesside A & B lies outside the mean maximum foraging range of northern gannet deriving from this SPA. However, on the basis of tagging data, some birds from this SPA may forage over Dogger Bank during the breeding season. Apportioning of the number of birds in flight in the Teesside A & B development area indicates that 0.09% of the breeding population (approximately 98 adult birds) at this site would be affected (see Table A9.32 in Appendix 9 of Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES). The average increase in flight distance due to the barrier presented by Dogger Bank Teesside A & B is approximately 25km (10% of the species’ mean maximum foraging range of 230km). However, as the Forth Islands SPA is already at a distance greater than the maximum foraging range it is considered unlikely that regular flight beyond the development area to access foraging grounds is unlikely. Given the small percentage of the population likely to be affected and the small flight deviation that might be incurred through the presence of the wind farm it is concluded that a negligible barrier effect would result, which would not be significant at the designated site population level.


In combination – for Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D the potential barrier posed by the combined wind farm development would affect an estimated 313 adult birds equating to 0.28% of the breeding population (see Table A9.49 in Appendix 9 of Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES). However, as the Forth Islands SPA is already at a distance greater than the maximum foraging range it is considered unlikely that regular flight beyond the development area to access foraging grounds is unlikely. Given the small percentage of the population likely to be affected and the small flight deviation that might be incurred through the presence of the wind farms it is concluded that a negligible barrier effect would result, which would not be significant at the designated site population level.











Identified impact







In combination – data on predicted collision estimates for black-legged kittiwake are available for 20 additional projects. The cumulative collision estimate for black-legged kittiwake is estimated as 2,157 birds per year from these projects (see Table 7.29 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). The predicted collision loss for Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D is 4 non-breeding birds, representing 0.04% of the SPA population (see Table A9.52d in Appendix 9 of Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES) and a 0.58% increase in the rate of background mortality. This predicted magnitude of impact is not considered to be significant at the population level. None of the other projects examined apportioned collision losses during the non-breeding season to this SPA.






Displacement Lesser black-backed gull

Project alone – on the basis of sensitivity classifications, lesser black-backed gull has been assigned a 0% displacement rate (see paragraph 6.3.36 and Section 6.6 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). No displacement effects would therefore arise.








Identified impact




Collision risk Lesser black-backed gull

Project alone – using an avoidance rate of 98% an annual collision total of 33 birds, based on a mean of survey data, was attributed to the suite of SPAs. Dogger Bank Teesside A & B is outside the mean maximum foraging range of any protected sites designated for breeding populations of this species. Apportioning of the annual collision estimate therefore relates to non-breeding birds, with a loss of 0.84 of a bird apportioned to this SPA (0.01% of the SPA population and an increase in background mortality of 0.12%) – see Table A9.36d in Appendix 9 of Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES. This predicted magnitude of impact is considered to be negligible and not significant in relation to the SPA’s lesser black-backed gull population.




Barrier effects Lesser black-backed gull

Project alone - Dogger Bank Teesside A & B is located beyond the mean maximum foraging range of lesser black-backed gull and therefore no birds from this SPA would be expected to occur in the area during the breeding season. No barrier effect is therefore predicted.







Identified impact











Identified impact





In combination – predictions of the numbers of common guillemot potentially displaced were available for 16 other projects (see Table 7.20 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). The cumulative number of birds estimated to be displaced across these projects was 64,557. A combined total of 1,888 birds are predicted to be lost through mortality following displacement from the projects considered in the assessment (see Table 7.22 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). Apportioning of the affected birds to individual SPAs is presented in Table 7.23 in Appendix B of the HRA Report. For Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D the calculated cumulative loss is 50 birds (13 breeding adults and 37 non-breeding birds) representing a total of 0.13% of the SPA population (see Table A9.56d in Appendix 9 in Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES). A cumulative impact of 66 breeding birds lost through mortality following displacement is calculated for the Forth Islands SPA, representing 0.27% of the population of this SPA. The contribution of Dogger Bank Teesside A & B to the cumulative total is two breeding birds (<0.01% of the breeding population) and from Dogger Bank Creyke Beck and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D combined, 11 birds, representing 0.03% of the breeding population. For the Neart na Gaoithe project, 46 of the total 76 predicted guillemot mortalities are apportioned to the Forth Islands SPA. No other projects apportioned displacement mortalities to this SPA. This predicted magnitude of impact is not considered to be significant at the population level.











Identified impact









Project alone - based on mean data, disturbance and displacement analysis (50% displacement rate) undertaken provides a figure of 1,804 displaced birds (186 during breeding months, 1,618 during other months of the year). A precautionary mortality rate of 5% has been assigned to this species based on knowledge of the foraging ecology of this species and the magnitude of the habitat loss that could occur as a result of displacement from within the site of the operational wind farm development. Therefore, in total the mortality of 49 birds (5 during the breeding season) across all of the SPAs in the greater North Sea region (see Tables A9.42a-d in Appendix 9 of Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES) is predicted. Dogger Bank Teesside A & B is located within the maximum foraging range of razorbill that could derive from this SPA. Through attribution of the displacement impact it is estimated that 0.2 of an adult breeding bird and 3.4 non-breeding birds from this SPA would be affected. In total this would represent 0.04% of the SPA population (see Table A9.42d in Appendix 9 in Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES). This predicted magnitude of impact is not considered to be significant at the population level.






Identified impact





In combination – predictions of the numbers of razorbill potentially displaced were available for 16 other projects (see Table 7.20 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). The cumulative number of birds estimated to be displaced across these projects was 17,962. A combined total of 743 birds are predicted to be lost through mortality following displacement from the projects considered in the assessment (see Table 7.25 in Appendix B of the HRA Report. A cumulative impact of 9.2 breeding birds lost through mortality following displacement is calculated for the Forth Islands SPA, representing 0.15% of the population of this SPA. For the Neart na Gaoithe project, seven of the total eight predicted adult guillemot mortalities are apportioned to the Forth Islands SPA. For Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D the calculated cumulative loss is 1.2 adult breeding birds and 13.6 non-breeding birds (15 birds in total) or 0.16% of the SPA population (see Table A9.59d in Appendix 9 in Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES). The cumulative level of predicted impact (0.15% of the SPA breeding population) is small and well below the PBR value of 2.38% of the population calculated for the Firth of Forth Alpha and Bravo (Seagreen) project. This suggests that the predicted displacement impact would not have a significant effect on increasing the chance of population decline.











Identified impact





Project alone - the numbers of birds potentially exposed to a barrier effect represents less than 0.1% of national or biogeographic populations. Apportioning to individual protected sites indicates that less than 0.09% of the breeding population at this SPA would be affected (see Table A9.43 in Appendix 9 of Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES). The average increase in flight distance due to the barrier presented by Dogger Bank Teesside A & B is approximately 25km (8% of the species’ maximum foraging range of 312km). This increase might prevent birds from this SPA reaching foraging areas beyond the development area, although Dogger Bank Teesside A & B is at the extreme end of the maximum range suggesting that regular flight beyond the development area to access foraging ground is unlikely. Given the very small percentage of the population likely to be affected and the small flight deviation that might be incurred through the presence of the wind farm it is concluded that a negligible barrier effect would result, such that no population level effect is expected.








Identified impact













Identified impact













Foula SPA Article 4.2 (breeding) – Great skua, common guillemot, and Atlantic puffin. Article 4.2 (assemblage) – Northern fulmar, black-legged kittiwake, great skua, Arctic skua, common guillemot, razorbill, and Atlantic puffin.



















Identified impact


Foula SPA (continued from above)

Article 4.2 (breeding) – Great skua, common guillemot, and Atlantic puffin. Article 4.2 (assemblage) – Northern fulmar, black-legged kittiwake, great skua, Arctic skua, common guillemot, razorbill, and Atlantic puffin. (continued from above)









In combination – data on predicted collision estimates for black-legged kittiwake are available for 20 additional projects. The cumulative collision estimate for black-legged kittiwake is estimated as 2,157 birds per year from these projects (see Table 7.29 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). The predicted collision loss for Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D is 0.5 of a non-breeding bird, representing 0.04% of the SPA population (see Table A9.52d in Appendix 9 of Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES) and a 0.58% increase in the rate of background mortality. This predicted magnitude of impact is not considered to be significant at the population level. None of the other projects examined apportioned collision losses during the non-breeding season to this SPA.






Identified impact































Identified impact







In combination – predictions of the numbers of razorbill potentially displaced were available for 16 other projects (see Table 7.20 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). The cumulative number of birds estimated to be displaced across these projects was 17,962. A combined total of 743 birds are predicted to be lost through mortality following displacement from the projects considered in the assessment (see Table 7.25 in Appendix B of the HRA Report. Apportioning of the affected birds to individual SPAs is presented in Table 7.26 in Appendix B of the HRA Report. For Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D the calculated cumulative loss is 10 non-breeding birds representing 0.14% of the SPA population (see Table A9.59d in Appendix 9 in Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES). No other projects apportioned displacement mortalities to this SPA. This predicted magnitude of impact is not considered to be significant at the population level.






Identified impact




















Identified impact


Foulness (Mid-Essex Coast Phase 5) SPA

Article 4.1 (wintering) – Bar-tailed godwit, golden plover, and hen harrier. Article 4.2 (passage) – Redshank. Article 4.2 (wintering) – Grey plover, knot, and oystercatcher. Article 4.2 (wintering assemblage) - Wigeon, shelduck, redshank, curlew, bar-tailed godwit, black-tailed godwit, golden plover, grey plover, knot, oystercatcher, dunlin, lapwing, and hen harrier.



In combination – collision risk estimates for migratory species were available for six other projects (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report), including Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D. For Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D the collision risk is likely to represent significantly less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). For Hornsea Project One, potential collision risk and mortality estimates were calculated for twelve selected species of waterbird (seven waders and five waterfowl) based on a relatively high proportion of birds occurring within the regional SPAs close to the proposed Hornsea Project One wind farm development. The migratory paths of all twelve species (including grey plover, knot, lapwing, black-tailed godwit, also overlap with the Dogger Bank Zone and therefore potential cumulative impacts on migratory populations could occur. Collision losses for migratory shelduck, golden plover, oystercatcher and knot from the Inch Cape project were also identified. For the other projects considered, only two species (barnacle goose and common scoter) had migratory paths that overlapped with the Dogger Bank Zone. For all species for which migration zones overlap with the development area and other project areas it is calculated that on an annual basis the potential mortality associated with collision risk would represent less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations. See Table 7.38 and Section 7.8 in Appendix B of the HRA Report.






Identified impact


Foulness (Mid-Essex Coast Phase 5) SPA (continued from above)

Article 4.1 (wintering) – Bar-tailed godwit, golden plover, and hen harrier. Article 4.2 (passage) – Redshank. Article 4.2 (wintering) – Grey plover, knot, and oystercatcher. Article 4.2 (wintering assemblage) - Wigeon, shelduck, redshank, curlew, bar-tailed godwit, black-tailed godwit, golden plover, grey plover, knot, oystercatcher, dunlin, lapwing, and hen harrier. (continued from above)





Foulness (Mid-Essex Coast Phase 5) Ramsar

Passage – Common greenshank, common redshank, Eurasian curlew, ringed plover, ruff, sanderling, and whimbrel. Wintering assemblage and species - Bar-tailed godwit, common shelduck, dunlin, Eurasian oystercatcher, European golden plover, grey plover, hen harrier, and red knot.

Collision risk As for the Foulness Mid-Essex Coast Phase 5) SPA. No adverse effect on integrity

Barrier effects As for the Foulness Mid-Essex Coast Phase 5) SPA. No adverse effect on integrity





Identified impact


Fowlsheugh SPA

Article 4.2 (breeding) – Black-legged kittiwake and common guillemot. Article 4.2 (breeding assemblage) – Northern fulmar, black-legged kittiwake, common guillemot, and razorbill.




















Identified impact


Fowlsheugh SPA (continued from above)

Article 4.2 (breeding) – Black-legged kittiwake and common guillemot. Article 4.2 (breeding assemblage) – Northern fulmar, black-legged kittiwake, common guillemot, and razorbill. (continued from above)









In combination – data on predicted collision estimates for black-legged kittiwake are available for 20 additional projects. The cumulative collision estimate for black-legged kittiwake is estimated as 2,157 birds per year from these projects (see Table 7.29 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). The predicted collision loss for Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D is 9.9 non-breeding birds, representing 0.04% of the SPA population (see Table A9.52d in Appendix 9 of Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES) and a 0.58% increase in the rate of background mortality. This predicted magnitude of impact is not considered to be significant at the population level. None of the other projects examined apportioned collision losses during the non-breeding season to this SPA.






Identified impact















Identified impact





In combination – predictions of the numbers of common guillemot potentially displaced were available for 16 other projects (see Table 7.20 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). The cumulative number of birds estimated to be displaced across these projects was 64,557. A combined total of 1,888 birds are predicted to be lost through mortality following displacement from the projects considered in the assessment (see Table 7.22 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). A cumulative impact of 158 breeding birds lost through mortality following displacement is calculated for the Fowlsheugh SPA, representing 0.27% of the population of this SPA. The majority of the breeding season displacement loss (89 adult birds) is derived from the EOWDC project. However, this is likely to be a significant over estimate as 100% mortality of displaced birds has been assumed. The contribution of Dogger Bank Teesside A & B to the cumulative total is 2.3 adult birds during the breeding season and the contribution of Dogger Bank Creyke Beck and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D combined to the cumulative total is 18.4 breeding birds <0.03% of the breeding population (see Table A9.56d in Appendix 9 in Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES). For the Neart na Gaoithe project, eight of the total 76 predicted guillemot mortalities are apportioned to the Fowlsheugh SPA. The cumulative level of predicted impact (0.27% of the SPA breeding population) is significantly below the PBR value of 1.75% of the population calculated for the Firth of Forth Alpha and Bravo (Seagreen) project. This suggests that the predicted displacement impact would not have a significant effect on increasing the chance of population decline. It should be noted that JNCC/SNH do not currently require the impacts of offshore wind farms in Scottish waters to be assessed under HRA for SPAs outwith the breeding season. .











Identified impact









Project alone - based on mean data, disturbance and displacement analysis (50% displacement rate) undertaken provides a figure of 1,804 displaced birds (186 during breeding months, 1,618 during other months of the year). A precautionary mortality rate of 5% has been assigned to this species based on knowledge of the foraging ecology of this species and the magnitude of the habitat loss that could occur as a result of displacement from within the site of the operational wind farm development. Therefore, in total the mortality of 49 birds (5 during the breeding season) across all of the SPAs in the greater North Sea region (see Tables A9.42a-d in Appendix 9 of Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES) is predicted. Dogger Bank Teesside A & B is located outside the maximum foraging range of razorbill that could derive from this SPA. Through attribution of the displacement impact it is estimated that 3.8 non-breeding birds from this SPA would be affected. In total this would represent 0.04% of the SPA population (see Table A9.42d in Appendix 9 in Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES). This predicted magnitude of impact is not considered to be significant at the population level.






Identified impact





In combination – predictions of the numbers of razorbill potentially displaced were available for 16 other projects (see Table 7.20 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). The cumulative number of birds estimated to be displaced across these projects was 17,962. A combined total of 743 birds are predicted to be lost through mortality following displacement from the projects considered in the assessment (see Table 7.25 in Appendix B of the HRA Report. A cumulative impact of 35 breeding birds lost through mortality following displacement is calculated for the Fowlsheugh SPA, representing 0.7% of the population of this SPA. The majority of the breeding season displacement loss (30 adult birds) is derived from the EOWDC project. However, this is likely to be a significant over estimate as 100% mortality of displaced birds has been assumed. For the Neart na Gaoithe project, less than one of the total eight predicted adult razorbill mortalities is apportioned to the Fowlsheugh SPA. The contribution of Dogger Bank Teesside A & B combined with Dogger Bank Creyke Beck and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D to the cumulative total is less than one breeding bird (<0.01%) of the breeding population. The cumulative level of predicted impact (0.7% of the SPA breeding population) is well below the PBR value of 1.9% of the population calculated for the Firth of Forth Alpha and Bravo (Seagreen) project. As indicated it is likely that the impact significance attributed to the EOWDC project is significantly overstated. This suggests that the predicted displacement impact would not have a significant effect on increasing the chance of population decline.











Identified impact







In combination - as above for project alone, although it should be noted that Dogger Bank Teesside C is just within the maximum foraging range of razorbill from this SPA.






Identified impact


Gibraltar Point SPA

Article 4.1 (wintering) – Bar-tailed godwit. Article 4.2 (wintering) – Grey plover and knot. Article 4.2 (assemblage) - Oystercatcher, knot, grey plover, and bar-tailed godwit.



In combination – collision risk estimates for migratory species were available for six other projects (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report), including Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D. For Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D the collision risk is likely to represent significantly less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). For Hornsea Project One, potential collision risk and mortality estimates were calculated for twelve selected species of waterbird (seven waders and five waterfowl) based on a relatively high proportion of birds occurring within the regional SPAs close to the proposed Hornsea Project One wind farm development. The migratory paths of all twelve species (including grey plover and knot) also overlap with the Dogger Bank Zone and therefore potential cumulative impacts on migratory populations could occur. Collision losses for migratory oystercatcher and knot from the Inch Cape project were also identified For the other projects considered, only two species (barnacle goose and common scoter) had migratory paths that overlapped with the Dogger Bank Zone. For all species for which migration zones overlap with the development area and other project areas it is calculated that on an annual basis the potential mortality associated with collision risk would represent less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations. See Table 7.38 and Section 7.8 in Appendix B of the HRA Report.






Identified impact


Gibraltar Point SPA (continued from above)

Article 4.1 (wintering) – Bar-tailed godwit. Article 4.2 (wintering) – Grey plover and knot. Article 4.2 (assemblage) - Oystercatcher, knot, grey plover, and bar-tailed godwit. (continued from above)





Gibraltar Point Ramsar

Passage assemblage and species - Bar-tailed godwit, common greenshank, dunlin, Eurasian oystercatcher, grey plover, red knot, and sanderling.

Collision risk As for the Gibraltar Point SPA. No adverse effect on integrity

Barrier effects As for the Gibraltar Point SPA. No adverse effect on integrity





Identified impact


Hamford Water SPA

Article 4.1 (wintering) – Golden plover and ruff. Article 4.2 (passage) – Ringed plover. Article 4.2 (wintering) – Black-tailed godwit, grey plover, ringed plover, and teal. Article 4.2 (wintering assemblage) – Teal, wigeon, shelduck, black-tailed godwit, grey plover, ringed plover, redshank, dunlin, lapwing, ruff, and golden plover.



In combination – collision risk estimates for migratory species were available for six other projects (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report), including Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D. For Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D the collision risk is likely to represent significantly less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). For Hornsea Project One, potential collision risk and mortality estimates were calculated for twelve selected species of waterbird (seven waders and five waterfowl) based on a relatively high proportion of birds occurring within the regional SPAs close to the proposed Hornsea Project One wind farm development. The migratory paths of all twelve species (including wigeon, shelduck, black-tailed godwit, grey plover, lapwing and golden plover) also overlap with the Dogger Bank Zone and therefore potential cumulative impacts on migratory populations could occur. Collision losses for migratory golden plover and shelduck from the Inch Cape project were also identified For the other projects considered, only two species (barnacle goose and common scoter) had migratory paths that overlapped with the Dogger Bank Zone. For all species for which migration zones overlap with the development area and other project areas it is calculated that on an annual basis the potential mortality associated with collision risk would represent less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations. See Table 7.38 and Section 7.8 in Appendix B of the HRA Report.






Identified impact


Hamford Water SPA (continued from above)

Article 4.1 (wintering) – Golden plover and ruff. Article 4.2 (passage) – Ringed plover. Article 4.2 (wintering) – Black-tailed godwit, grey plover, ringed plover, and teal. Article 4.2 (wintering assemblage) – Teal, wigeon, shelduck, black-tailed godwit, grey plover, ringed plover, redshank, dunlin, lapwing, ruff, and golden plover. (continued from above)





Hamford Water Ramsar

Passage - Common redshank and ringed plover. Wintering - Black-tailed godwit and grey plover.

Collision risk As for the Hamford Water SPA. No adverse effect on integrity

Barrier effects As for the Hamford Water SPA. No adverse effect on integrity





Identified impact


Hermaness, Saxa Vord and Valla Field SPA (continued from above)

Article 4.2 (breeding) – Northern gannet, great skua, and Atlantic puffin. Article 4.2 (assemblage) – Northern fulmar, northern gannet, great skua, black-legged kittiwake, common guillemot, and Atlantic puffin. (continued from above)



















Identified impact







In combination - a precautionary 5% mortality rate at the cumulative level has been assumed for northern gannet (see paragraph 6.3.53 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). Predictions of the numbers of gannet potentially displaced were available for 14 other projects (see Table 7.20 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). The cumulative number of birds estimated to be displaced across these projects is 9,297 (including both breeding and wintering seasons). A combined total of 122 birds are predicted to be lost through mortality following displacement (a total of 2,440 birds displaced throughout the year) from the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A and B and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D (75% displacement and 5% mortality). No birds were apportioned to this SPA from the other projects examined. The estimated combined impact of Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D for this SPA is a total of 18 non-breeding birds representing 0.02% of the SPA population. This predicted magnitude of impact is not considered to be significant at the population level.



Project alone - assuming a 99% avoidance rate, the number of collisions predicted based on mean population estimates is 68 birds – see Table 6.26 in Appendix B of the HRA Report. Of these collisions, all are assigned to the suite of SPAs considered in the assessment. Dogger Bank Teesside A & B is outside the mean maximum foraging range of northern gannet that could derive from this SPA. Apportioning of the annual collision estimate therefore relates to non-breeding birds, with 9 birds being attributed to this SPA, representing 0.01% of the designated SPA population and an increase in background mortality of 0.18% (see Table 6.27 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). This predicted magnitude of impact is not considered to be significant at the population level.






Identified impact





In combination– data on predicted collision estimates for northern gannet is available for 25 additional projects (see Table 7.29 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). Other than for this project and Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D, no collision mortalities from other projects were assigned to this SPA. The predicted collision loss for Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D is 29.5 non-breeding birds, representing 0.04% of the SPA population (see Table A9.50d in Appendix 9 of Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES) and a 0.60% increase in the rate of background mortality. This predicted magnitude of impact is not considered to be significant at the population level.


















Identified impact

























Identified impact







In combination - predictions of the numbers of Atlantic puffin potentially displaced were available for 13 other projects (see Table 7.20 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). The cumulative number of birds estimated to be displaced across these projects was 11,119. A combined total of 524 birds are predicted to be lost through mortality following displacement from the projects considered in the assessment (see Table 7.27 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). Apportioning of the affected birds to individual SPAs is presented in Table 7.28 in Appendix B of the HRA Report. The relatively small number (37) of puffin affected by all three Dogger Bank projects results in a near zero percentage impact on relevant SPA populations screened into the assessment (see Table A9.62d in Appendix 9 of Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES). No birds affected by other projects were apportioned to this SPA. The estimated combined impact of Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D for this SPA is a total of 3 non-breeding birds representing 0.01% of the SPA population. This predicted magnitude of impact is not considered to be significant at the population level.






Identified impact

















Identified impact


Holburn Lake and Moss Ramsar

Wintering assemblage species - Eurasian teal, Eurasian wigeon, and mallard.









Identified impact


Holburn Lake and Moss Ramsar (continued from above)

Wintering assemblage species - Eurasian teal, Eurasian wigeon, and mallard. (continued from above)









Identified impact


Hornsea Mere SPA

Article 4.2 (wintering) – Gadwall.



In combination – collision risk estimates for migratory species were available for six other projects (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report), including Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D. For Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D the collision risk is likely to represent significantly less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). For the other projects examined, no collision mortality for migratory gadwall was predicted...


Barrier effects Project alone – for migratory gadwall the percentages of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland population estimated to pass through the project areas at risk height (following Wright et al. (2012)) and thus exposed to potential barrier effects was 0.27% (see Table 6.25 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). The shortest approximately east-west route across the North Sea passing through the project, equates to an increase of 4% on the ca. 575km route in order for birds to circumvent the project area. For all other routes, the potential percentage increase in the migration route would be less than 4%. Based on the small percentage of the migrating gadwall population likely to be involved and the relatively small increase in flight distance that Dogger Bank Teesside A & B could exert it is concluded that the potential barrier posed by wind farm development would be unlikely to have a detrimental impact upon the energetics of migratory gadwall such that an effect at either the population or individual protected site level would arise (see Section 6.6 in Appendix B of the HRA Report).


In combination - for Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D the percentage of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland population of gadwall exposed to potential barrier effects is calculated as 0.52% (see Table 7.39 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). Conclusions as above for project alone.






Identified impact


Hoy SPA Article 4.2 (breeding) – Great skua. Article 4.2 (breeding assemblage) – Northern fulmar, black-legged kittiwake, Arctic skua, great skua, great black-backed gull, common guillemot, and Atlantic puffin.
























Identified impact


Hoy SPA (continued from above)

Article 4.2 (breeding) – Great skua. Article 4.2 (breeding assemblage) – Northern fulmar, black-legged kittiwake, Arctic skua, great skua, great black-backed gull, common guillemot, and Atlantic puffin. (continued from above)

















Identified impact




Displacement Arctic skua (continued)


























Identified impact




















Identified impact


Humber Flats, Marshes and Coast SPA

Article 4.1 (wintering) – Bar-tailed godwit, bittern, golden plover, and hen harrier. Article 4.2 (passage) – Redshank and sanderling. Article 4.2 (wintering) – Bar-tailed godwit, dunlin, knot, redshank, and shelduck. Article 4.2 (wintering assemblage) – Mallard, golden plover, bar-tailed godwit, shelduck, knot, dunlin, redshank, bittern, teal, curlew, pochard, goldeneye, oystercatcher, ringed plover, grey plover, lapwing, sanderling, black-tailed godwit, wigeon, and whimbrel.



In combination – collision risk estimates for migratory species were available for six other projects (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report), including Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D. For Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D the collision risk is likely to represent significantly less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). For Hornsea Project One, potential collision risk and mortality estimates were calculated for twelve selected species of waterbird (seven waders and five waterfowl) based on a relatively high proportion of birds occurring within the regional SPAs close to the proposed Hornsea Project One wind farm development. The migratory paths of all twelve species (including golden plover, shelduck, knot, grey plover, lapwing and black-tailed godwit) also overlap with the Dogger Bank Zone and therefore potential cumulative impacts on migratory populations could occur. For the other projects considered, only two species (barnacle goose and common scoter) had migratory paths that overlapped with the Dogger Bank Zone. Collision losses for migratory golden plover, goldeneye, oystercatcher and shelduck from the Inch Cape project were also identified. For all species for which migration zones overlap with the development area and other project areas it is calculated that on an annual basis the potential mortality associated with collision risk would represent less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations. See Table 7.38 and Section 7.8 in Appendix B of the HRA Report.






Identified impact


Humber Flats, Marshes and Coast SPA (continued from above)

Article 4.1 (wintering) – Bar-tailed godwit, bittern, golden plover, and hen harrier. Article 4.2 (passage) – Redshank and sanderling. Article 4.2 (wintering) – Bar-tailed godwit, dunlin, knot, redshank, and shelduck. Article 4.2 (wintering assemblage) – Mallard, golden plover, bar-tailed godwit, shelduck, knot, dunlin, redshank, bittern, teal, curlew, pochard, goldeneye, oystercatcher, ringed plover, grey plover, lapwing, sanderling, black-tailed godwit, wigeon, lapwing, and whimbrel. (continued from above)









Identified impact


Humber Flats Marshes and Coast Ramsar

Passage assemblage and species - Black-tailed godwit, common redshank, dunlin, European golden plover, and red knot. Wintering assemblage and species - Bar-tailed godwit, black-tailed godwit, common shelduck, dunlin, European golden plover, and red knot.

Collision risk As for the Humber Flats Marshes and Coast SPA. No adverse effect on integrity

Barrier effects As for the Humber Flats Marshes and Coast SPA. No adverse effect on integrity





Identified impact


Inner Moray Firth SPA

Article 4.1 (wintering) – Bar-tailed godwit. Article 4.2 (wintering) – Red-breasted merganser, redshank, and scaup. Article 4.2 (wintering assemblage) – Bar-tailed godwit, scaup, red-breasted merganser, curlew, oystercatcher, goosander, goldeneye, teal, wigeon, and redshank.



In combination – collision risk estimates for migratory species were available for six other projects (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report), including Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D. For Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D the collision risk is likely to represent significantly less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). For Hornsea Project One, potential collision risk and mortality estimates were calculated for twelve selected species of waterbird (seven waders and five waterfowl) based on a relatively high proportion of birds occurring within the regional SPAs close to the proposed Hornsea Project One wind farm development. The migratory paths of all twelve species (including wigeon) also overlap with the Dogger Bank Zone and therefore potential cumulative impacts on migratory populations could occur. For the other projects considered, only two species (barnacle goose and common scoter) had migratory paths that overlapped with the Dogger Bank Zone. Collision losses for migratory curlew, oystercatcher and goldeneye from the Inch Cape project were also identified. For all species for which migration zones overlap with the development area and other project areas it is calculated that on an annual basis the potential mortality associated with collision risk would represent less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations. See Table 7.38 and Section 7.8 in Appendix B of the HRA Report.






Identified impact


Inner Moray Firth SPA (continued from above)

Article 4.1 (wintering) – Bar-tailed godwit. Article 4.2 (wintering) – Red-breasted merganser, redshank, and scaup. Article 4.2 (wintering assemblage) – Bar-tailed godwit, scaup, red-breasted merganser, curlew, oystercatcher, goosander, goldeneye, teal, wigeon, and redshank. (continued from above)





Inner Moray Firth Ramsar

Passage assemblage species - Eurasian oystercatcher and Eurasian wigeon. Wintering assemblage and species - Bar-tailed godwit, common goldeneye, common redshank, Eurasian teal, greater scaup, red-breasted merganser, and Slavonian grebe.

Collision risk As for Inner Moray Firth SPA. No adverse effect on integrity

Barrier effect As for Inner Moray Firth SPA. No adverse effect on integrity





Identified impact


Lee Valley SPA Article 4.1 (wintering) – Bittern. Article 4.2 (wintering) - Gadwall and shoveler.





Barrier effects Project alone – for these migratory species the percentages of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations estimated to pass through the project areas at risk height (following Wright et al. (2012)) and thus exposed to potential barrier effects were 0.27% to 0.75% (see Table 6.25 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). The shortest approximately east-west route across the North Sea passing through the project, equates to an increase of 4% on the ca. 575km route in order for birds to circumvent the project area. For all other routes, the potential percentage increase in the migration route would be less than 4%. Based on the small percentage of these migrating bird populations likely to be involved and the relatively small increase in flight distance that Dogger Bank Teesside A & B could exert it is concluded that the potential barrier posed by wind farm development would be unlikely to have a detrimental impact upon the energetics of these migratory birds such that an effect at either the population or individual protected site level would arise (see Section 6.6 in Appendix B of the HRA Report).








Identified impact


Lee Valley Ramsar

Passage - Northern shoveler. Wintering - Gadwall.

Collision risk As for Lee Valley SPA. No adverse effect on integrity

Barrier effect As for Lee Valley SPA. Project alone – less than 0.52% of these species populations. In-combination – less than 0.92% of these species populations.


Leighton Moss SPA






Barrier effects Project alone – for migratory bittern the percentages of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland population estimated to pass through the project areas at risk height (following Wright et al. (2012)) and thus exposed to potential barrier effects was 0.75% (see Table 6.25 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). The shortest approximately east-west route across the North Sea passing through the project, equates to an increase of 4% on the ca. 575km route in order for birds to circumvent the project area. For all other routes, the potential percentage increase in the migration route would be less than 4%. Based on the small percentage of the migrating bittern population likely to be involved and the relatively small increase in flight distance that Dogger Bank Teesside A & B could exert it is concluded that the potential barrier posed by wind farm development would be unlikely to have a detrimental impact upon the energetics of migratory bittern such that an effect at either the population or individual protected site level would arise (see Section 6.6 in Appendix B of the HRA Report).






Identified impact


Leighton Moss SPA (continued from above)

Article 4.1 (wintering) – Bittern. (continued from above)

Barrier effects (continued from above)

In combination (with Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B and Teesside C & D only) - for migratory great bittern the percentage of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland population exposed to potential barrier effects is calculated as 1.46% (see Table 7.39 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). Conclusions as above for project alone.


Leighton Moss Ramsar

Migratory wintering – Great bittern and northern shoveler.

Collision risk As for Leighton Moss SPA. No adverse effect on integrity

Barrier effect As for Leighton Moss SPA. No adverse effect on integrity





Identified impact


Lindisfarne SPA Article 4.1 (wintering) – Bar-tailed godwit and golden plover. Article 4.2 (passage) – Ringed plover. Article 4.2 (wintering) – Grey plover, knot, light-bellied brent goose, and wigeon. Article 4.2 (wintering assemblage) – Bar-tailed godwit, golden plover, grey plover, knot, light-bellied brent goose, wigeon, redshank, shelduck, common scoter, ringed plover, lapwing, and dunlin.



In combination – collision risk estimates for migratory species were available for six other projects (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report), including Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D. For Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D the collision risk is likely to represent significantly less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). For Hornsea Project One, potential collision risk and mortality estimates were calculated for twelve selected species of waterbird (seven waders and five waterfowl) based on a relatively high proportion of birds occurring within the regional SPAs close to the proposed Hornsea Project One wind farm development. The migratory paths of all twelve species (including golden plover, grey plover, knot, wigeon, shelduck and lapwing) also overlap with the Dogger Bank Zone and therefore potential cumulative impacts on migratory populations could occur. Collision losses for migratory common scoter, golden plover and shelduck from the Inch Cape project were also identified. For the other projects considered, only two species (barnacle goose and common scoter) had migratory paths that overlapped with the Dogger Bank Zone. For all species for which migration zones overlap with the development area and other project areas it is calculated that on an annual basis the potential mortality associated with collision risk would represent less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations. See Table 7.38 and Section 7.8 in Appendix B of the HRA Report.






Identified impact


Lindisfarne SPA (continued from above)

Article 4.1 (wintering) – Bar-tailed godwit and golden plover. Article 4.2 (passage) – Ringed plover. Article 4.2 (wintering) – Grey plover, knot, light-bellied brent goose, and wigeon. Article 4.2 (wintering assemblage) – Bar-tailed godwit, golden plover, grey plover, knot, light-bellied brent goose, wigeon, redshank, shelduck, common scoter, ringed plover, lapwing, and dunlin. (continued from above)









Identified impact


Lindisfarne Ramsar

Passage assemblage and species – Common greenshank, common redshank, common scoter, Eurasian curlew, Eurasian wigeon, European golden plover, grey plover, light-bellied brent goose, ringed plover, and ruff. Wintering assemblage and species - Bar-tailed godwit, common shelduck, dunlin, red knot, and Slavonian grebe.

Collision risk As for Lindisfarne SPA. No adverse effect on integrity

Barrier effects As for Lindisfarne SPA. No adverse effect on integrity





Identified impact


Loch of Strathbeg SPA

Article 4.2 (wintering assemblage) – Teal.





Barrier effects Project alone – for migratory teal the percentage of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland population estimated to pass through the project areas at risk height (following Wright et al. (2012)) and thus exposed to potential barrier effects was 0.48% (see Table 6.25 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). The shortest approximately east-west route across the North Sea passing through the project, equates to an increase of 4% on the ca. 575km route in order for birds to circumvent the project area. For all other routes, the potential percentage increase in the migration route would be less than 4%. Based on the small percentage of the migrating teal population likely to be involved and the relatively small increase in flight distance that Dogger Bank Teesside A & B could exert it is concluded that the potential barrier posed by wind farm development would be unlikely to have a detrimental impact upon the energetics of migratory teal such that an effect at either the population or individual protected site level would arise (see Section 6.6 in Appendix B of the HRA Report).


In combination (with Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B and Teesside C & D only) - for migratory teal the percentage of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland population exposed to potential barrier effects is calculated as 0.72% (see Table 7.39 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). Conclusions as above for project alone.






Identified impact


Loch of Strathbeg Ramsar

Passage assemblage species – Common greenshank and ruff.









Identified impact


Loch of Strathbeg Ramsar (continued from above)

Passage assemblage species – Common greenshank and ruff. (continued from above)

Barrier effects Project alone – for migratory species the percentages of Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations estimated to pass through the project areas at risk height (following Wright et al. (2012)) and thus exposed to potential barrier effects were less than 1% for most species considered, but greater than 1% for 17 species’ populations (see Table 6.25 in Appendix B of the HRA Report), ranging from 0.10% to 1.80% for the populations of the qualifying species for this site. The shortest approximately east-west route across the North Sea passing through the project, equates to an increase of 4% on the ca. 575km route in order for birds to circumvent the project area. For all other routes, the potential percentage increase in the migration route would be less than 4%. Based on the small percentage of migrating bird populations likely to be involved and the relatively small increase in flight distance that Dogger Bank Teesside A & B could exert it is concluded that the potential barrier posed by wind farm development would be unlikely to have a detrimental impact upon the energetics of these migratory birds such that an effect at either the population or individual protected site level would arise (see Section 6.6 in Appendix B of the HRA Report).








Identified impact


Lower Derwent Valley SPA

Article 4.1 (wintering) – Bittern, golden plover, and ruff. Article 4.2 (wintering assemblage) - Pochard, teal, wigeon, golden plover, bittern, mallard, lapwing, shoveler, and ruff.



In combination – collision risk estimates for migratory species were available for six other projects (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report), including Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D. For Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D the collision risk is likely to represent significantly less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). For Hornsea Project One, potential collision risk and mortality estimates were calculated for twelve selected species of waterbird (seven waders and five waterfowl) based on a relatively high proportion of birds occurring within the regional SPAs close to the proposed Hornsea Project One wind farm development. The migratory paths of all twelve species (including wigeon and lapwing) also overlap with the Dogger Bank Zone and therefore potential cumulative impacts on migratory populations could occur. For the other projects considered, only two species (barnacle goose and common scoter) had migratory paths that overlapped with the Dogger Bank Zone. For all species for which migration zones overlap with the development area and other project areas it is calculated that on an annual basis the potential mortality associated with collision risk would represent less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations. See Table 7.38 and Section 7.8 in Appendix B of the HRA Report.






Identified impact


Lower Derwent Valley SPA (continued from above)

Article 4.1 (wintering) – Bittern, golden plover, and ruff. Article 4.2 (wintering assemblage) - Pochard, teal, wigeon, golden plover, bittern, mallard, lapwing, shoveler, and ruff. (continued from above)





Lower Derwent Valley Ramsar

Passage - Ruff and whimbrel. Wintering assemblage and species - Eurasian teal, Eurasian wigeon, European golden plover, gadwall, mallard, northern pintail, northern shoveler, and ruff.

Collision risk As for Lower Derwent Valley SPA. No adverse effect on integrity

Barrier effects As for Lower Derwent Valley SPA. No adverse effect on integrity





Identified impact


Marazion Marsh SPA






Barrier effects Project alone – for migratory bittern the percentage of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland population estimated to pass through the project areas at risk height (following Wright et al. (2012)) and thus exposed to potential barrier effects was 0.75% (see Table 6.25 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). The shortest approximately east-west route across the North Sea passing through the project, equates to an increase of 4% on the ca. 575km route in order for birds to circumvent the project area. For all other routes, the potential percentage increase in the migration route would be less than 4%. Based on the small percentage of the migrating bittern population likely to be involved and the relatively small increase in flight distance that Dogger Bank Teesside A & B could exert it is concluded that the potential barrier posed by wind farm development would be unlikely to have a detrimental impact upon the energetics of migratory bittern such that an effect at either the population or individual protected site level would arise (see Section 6.6 in Appendix B of the HRA Report).


In combination (with Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B and Teesside C & D only) - for migratory bittern the percentage of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland population exposed to potential barrier effects is calculated as 1.46% (see Table 7.39 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). Conclusions as above for project alone.






Identified impact


Martin Mere SPA

Article 4.1 (wintering) – Pintail. Article 4.2 (wintering assemblage) - Mallard, pintail, pochard, teal, and wigeon.









Identified impact


Martin Mere SPA (continued from above)

Article 4.1 (wintering) – Pintail. Article 4.2 (wintering assemblage) - Mallard, pintail, pochard, teal, and wigeon. (continued from above)





Martin Mere Ramsar

Passage - Eurasian teal. Wintering assemblage and species - Common pochard, common shelduck, Eurasian wigeon, northern pintail, and ruff.

Collision risk As for Martin Mere SPA. No adverse effect on integrity

Barrier effects As for Martin Mere SPA. No adverse effect on integrity





Identified impact


Marwick Head SPA

Article 4.2 (breeding) – Common guillemot. Article 4.2 (assemblage) – Common guillemot and black-legged kittiwake.















Identified impact


Marwick Head SPA (continued from above)

Article 4.2 (breeding) – Common guillemot. Article 4.2 (assemblage) – Common guillemot and black-legged kittiwake. (continued from above)












Identified impact


Medway Estuary and Marshes SPA

Article 4.2 (passage) – Ringed plover. Article 4.2 (wintering) – Black-tailed godwit, dunlin, grey plover, pintail, redshank, ringed plover, and shelduck. Article 4.2 (wintering assemblage) – Great crested grebe, shelduck, grey plover, ringed plover, dunlin, redshank, curlew, wigeon, teal, pintail, lapwing, and black-tailed godwit.



In combination – collision risk estimates for migratory species were available for six other projects (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report), including Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D. For Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D the collision risk is likely to represent significantly less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). For Hornsea Project One, potential collision risk and mortality estimates were calculated for twelve selected species of waterbird (seven waders and five waterfowl) based on a relatively high proportion of birds occurring within the regional SPAs close to the proposed Hornsea Project One wind farm development. The migratory paths of all twelve species (including shelduck, grey plover, wigeon, lapwing and black-tailed godwit) also overlap with the Dogger Bank Zone and therefore potential cumulative impacts on migratory populations could occur. Collision losses for migratory shelduck and curlew from the Inch Cape project were also identified. For the other projects considered, only two species (barnacle goose and common scoter) had migratory paths that overlapped with the Dogger Bank Zone. For all species for which migration zones overlap with the development area and other project areas it is calculated that on an annual basis the potential mortality associated with collision risk would represent less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations. See Table 7.38 and Section 7.8 in Appendix B of the HRA Report.






Identified impact


Medway Estuary and Marshes SPA (continued from above)

Article 4.2 (passage) – Ringed plover. Article 4.2 (wintering) – Black-tailed godwit, dunlin, grey plover, pintail, redshank, ringed plover, and shelduck. Article 4.2 (wintering assemblage) – Great crested grebe, shelduck, grey plover, ringed plover, dunlin, redshank, curlew, wigeon, teal, pintail, lapwing, and black-tailed godwit. (continued from above)









Identified impact


Medway Estuary and Marshes Ramsar

Passage – Black-tailed godwit, common greenshank, common redshank, Eurasian curlew, grey plover, ringed plover, ruddy turnstone, and whimbrel. Wintering assemblage and species - Common shelduck, dunlin, Eurasian oystercatcher, European golden plover, northern pintail, northern shoveler, red knot, and ringed plover.

Collision risk As for Medway Estuary and Marshes SPA. No adverse effect on integrity

Barrier effects As for Medway Estuary and Marshes SPA. No adverse effect on integrity





Identified impact


Mersey Estuary SPA

Article 4.1 (wintering) – Golden plover. Article 4.2 (passage) – Redshank. Article 4.2 (wintering) - Dunlin, pintail, redshank, shelduck, and teal. Article 4.2 (wintering assemblage) - Black-tailed godwit, curlew, dunlin, golden plover, great-crested grebe, grey plover, lapwing, pintail, redshank, shelduck, teal, and wigeon.



In combination – collision risk estimates for migratory species were available for six other projects (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report), including Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D. For Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D the collision risk is likely to represent significantly less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). For Hornsea Project One, potential collision risk and mortality estimates were calculated for twelve selected species of waterbird (seven waders and five waterfowl) based on a relatively high proportion of birds occurring within the regional SPAs close to the proposed Hornsea Project One wind farm development. The migratory paths of all twelve species (including black-tailed godwit, golden plover, grey plover, lapwing, shelduck and wigeon) also overlap with the Dogger Bank Zone and therefore potential cumulative impacts on migratory populations could occur. Collision losses for migratory curlew, golden plover and shelduck from the Inch Cape project were also identified. For the other projects considered, only two species (barnacle goose and common scoter) had migratory paths that overlapped with the Dogger Bank Zone. For all species for which migration zones overlap with the development area and other project areas it is calculated that on an annual basis the potential mortality associated with collision risk would represent less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations. See Table 7.38 and Section 7.8 in Appendix B of the HRA Report.






Identified impact


Mersey Estuary SPA (continued from above)

Article 4.1 (wintering) – Golden plover. Article 4.2 (passage) – Redshank. Article 4.2 (wintering) - Dunlin, pintail, redshank, shelduck, and teal. Article 4.2 (wintering assemblage) - Black-tailed godwit, curlew, dunlin, golden plover, great-crested grebe, grey plover, lapwing, pintail, redshank, shelduck, teal, and wigeon. (continued from above)





Mersey Estuary Ramsar

Passage assemblage and species - Black-tailed godwit, common greenshank, common redshank, common shelduck, and Eurasian curlew. Wintering assemblage and species - Dunlin, Eurasian teal, Eurasian wigeon, and northern pintail.

Collision risk As for Mersey Estuary SPA. No adverse effect on integrity

Barrier effects As for Mersey Estuary SPA. No adverse effect on integrity





Identified impact


Mersey Narrows and North Wirral Foreshore SPA

Article 4.2 (wintering) – Bar-tailed godwit and knot. Article 4.2 (wintering assemblage) – Bar-tailed godwit, dunlin, grey plover, knot, oystercatcher, redshank, sanderling, and turnstone.



In combination – collision risk estimates for migratory species were available for six other projects (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report), including Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D. For Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D the collision risk is likely to represent significantly less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). For Hornsea Project One, potential collision risk and mortality estimates were calculated for twelve selected species of waterbird (seven waders and five waterfowl) based on a relatively high proportion of birds occurring within the regional SPAs close to the proposed Hornsea Project One wind farm development. The migratory paths of all twelve species (including grey plover and knot) also overlap with the Dogger Bank Zone and therefore potential cumulative impacts on migratory populations could occur. Collision losses for migratory knot and oystercatcher from the Inch Cape project were also identified. For the other projects considered, only two species (barnacle goose and common scoter) had migratory paths that overlapped with the Dogger Bank Zone. For all species for which migration zones overlap with the development area and other project areas it is calculated that on an annual basis the potential mortality associated with collision risk would represent less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations. See Table 7.38 and Section 7.8 in Appendix B of the HRA Report.






Identified impact


Mersey Narrows and North Wirral Foreshore SPA (continued from above)

Article 4.2 (wintering) – Bar-tailed godwit and knot. Article 4.2 (wintering assemblage) – Bar-tailed godwit, dunlin, grey plover, knot, oystercatcher, redshank, sanderling, and turnstone. (continued from above)





Mersey Narrows and North Wirral Foreshore Ramsar

Wintering assemblage and species - Bar-tailed godwit, common redshank, dunlin, Eurasian oystercatcher, grey plover, red knot, and sanderling.

Collision risk As for Mersey Narrows and North Wirral Foreshore SPA. No adverse effect on integrity

Barrier effects As for Mersey Narrows and North Wirral Foreshore SPA. No adverse effect on integrity





Identified impact


Minsmere - Walberswick SPA

Article 4.1 (wintering) – Bittern and hen harrier.





Barrier effects Project alone – for migratory bittern and hen harrier (non-breeding) the percentages of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations estimated to pass through the project areas at risk height (following Wright et al. (2012)) and thus exposed to potential barrier effects were 0.75% and 2.98% respectively (see Table 6.25 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). The shortest approximately east-west route across the North Sea passing through the project, equates to an increase of 4% on the ca. 575km route in order for birds to circumvent the project area. For all other routes, the potential percentage increase in the migration route would be less than 4%. Based on the small percentage of these migrating bird populations likely to be involved and the relatively small increase in flight distance that Dogger Bank Teesside A & B could exert it is concluded that the potential barrier posed by wind farm development would be unlikely to have a detrimental impact upon the energetics of these migratory birds such that an effect at either the population or individual protected site level would arise (see Section 6.6 in Appendix B of the HRA Report).


In combination (with Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B and Teesside C & D only) - for these migratory species the percentages of Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations exposed to potential barrier effects are calculated as 1.46% and 4.51% (see Table 7.39 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). Conclusions as above for project alone.






Identified impact


Minsmere - Walberswick Ramsar

Passage - Black-tailed godwit, common greenshank, Eurasian teal, great bittern, and ruff. Wintering - Common redshank, gadwall, European golden plover, hen harrier, lesser black-backed gull, and northern shoveler.



In combination – collision risk estimates for migratory species were available for six other projects (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report), including Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D. For Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D the collision risk is likely to represent significantly less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). For Hornsea Project One, potential collision risk and mortality estimates were calculated for twelve selected species of waterbird (seven waders and five waterfowl) based on a relatively high proportion of birds occurring within the regional SPAs close to the proposed Hornsea Project One wind farm development. The migratory paths of all twelve species also overlap with the Dogger Bank Zone and therefore potential cumulative impacts on migratory populations could occur. For the other projects considered, only two species (barnacle goose and common scoter) had migratory paths that overlapped with the Dogger Bank Zone. For all species for which migration zones overlap with the development area and other project areas it is calculated that on an annual basis the potential mortality associated with collision risk would represent less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations. See Table 7.38 and Section 7.8 in Appendix B of the HRA Report.






Identified impact


Minsmere - Walberswick Ramsar (continued from above)

Passage - Black-tailed godwit, common greenshank, Eurasian teal, great bittern, and ruff. Wintering - Common redshank, gadwall, European golden plover, hen harrier, lesser black-backed gull, and northern shoveler. (continued from above)





Collision risk Wintering - Lesser black-backed gull

Project alone – specific collision mortality for this SPA is not calculated. However, Dogger Bank Teesside A & B is outside the maximum foraging range of any protected sites designated for breeding populations of this species. The calculated annual collision estimate for all lesser black-backed gull therefore relates to non-breeding birds. The calculated maximum of the non-breeding population affected by collision and attributable to any individual SPA is 0.01% (see Table A9.36d in Appendix 9 of Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES). This predicted magnitude of impact is considered to be negligible and not significant in relation to the SPA’s lesser black-backed gull population.






Identified impact


Minsmere - Walberswick Ramsar (continued from above)

Passage - Black-tailed godwit, common greenshank, Eurasian teal, great bittern, and ruff. Wintering - Common redshank, gadwall, European golden plover, hen harrier, lesser black-backed gull, and northern shoveler. (continued from above)

Collision risk Wintering - Lesser black-backed gull (continued from above)

In combination - Table 7.29 shows that a total of 2,536 annual collision losses are predicted for lesser black-backed gull from the projects screened into the in-combination assessment. The very small collision loss of non-breeding birds attributed to this SPA from Dogger Bank Teesside A & B alone (see above) indicates that any contribution of lesser black-backed gull collision losses during the operation of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B wind farm would be non-significant. It should be noted that none of the other projects examined apportioned lesser-black backed gull collision losses to this Ramsar site.


Barrier effects Wintering - Lesser black-backed gull








Identified impact


Montrose Basin SPA

Article 4.2 (wintering) – Knot and redshank. Article 4.2 (wintering assemblage) – Dunlin, oystercatcher, wigeon, shelduck, redshank, and knot.



In combination – collision risk estimates for migratory species were available for six other projects (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report), including Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D. For Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D the collision risk is likely to represent significantly less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). For Hornsea Project One, potential collision risk and mortality estimates were calculated for twelve selected species of waterbird (seven waders and five waterfowl) based on a relatively high proportion of birds occurring within the regional SPAs close to the proposed Hornsea Project One wind farm development. The migratory paths of all twelve species (including wigeon, shelduck and knot) also overlap with the Dogger Bank Zone and therefore potential cumulative impacts on migratory populations could occur. Collision losses for migratory oystercatcher, shelduck and knot from the Inch Cape project were also identified. For the other projects considered, only two species (barnacle goose and common scoter) had migratory paths that overlapped with the Dogger Bank Zone. For all species for which migration zones overlap with the development area and other project areas it is calculated that on an annual basis the potential mortality associated with collision risk would represent less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations. See Table 7.38 and Section 7.8 in Appendix B of the HRA Report.






Identified impact


Montrose Basin SPA (continued from above)

Article 4.2 (wintering) – Knot and redshank. Article 4.2 (wintering assemblage) – Dunlin, oystercatcher, wigeon, shelduck, redshank, and knot. (continued from above)





Montrose Basin Ramsar

Passage assemblage and species – Common greenshank, common redshank, and ruff. Wintering assemblage and species - Common shelduck, Eurasian wigeon, and red knot.

Collision risk As for Montrose Basin SPA. No adverse effect on integrity

Barrier effects As for Montrose Basin SPA. No adverse effect on integrity





Identified impact


Moray and Nairn Coast SPA

Article 4.1 (wintering – Bar-tailed godwit. Article 4.2 (wintering) – Redshank. Article 4.2 (wintering assemblage) – Dunlin, oystercatcher, red-breasted merganser, velvet scoter, common scoter, wigeon, redshank, and bar-tailed godwit.



In combination – collision risk estimates for migratory species were available for six other projects (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report), including Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D. For Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D the collision risk is likely to represent significantly less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). For Hornsea Project One, potential collision risk and mortality estimates were calculated for twelve selected species of waterbird (seven waders and five waterfowl) based on a relatively high proportion of birds occurring within the regional SPAs close to the proposed Hornsea Project One wind farm development. The migratory paths of all twelve species (including wigeon) also overlap with the Dogger Bank Zone and therefore potential cumulative impacts on migratory populations could occur. Collision losses for migratory common scoter and oystercatcher from the Inch Cape project were also identified. For the other projects considered, only two species (barnacle goose and common scoter) had migratory paths that overlapped with the Dogger Bank Zone. For all species for which migration zones overlap with the development area and other project areas it is calculated that on an annual basis the potential mortality associated with collision risk would represent less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations. See Table 7.38 and Section 7.8 in Appendix B of the HRA Report.






Identified impact


Moray and Nairn Coast SPA (continued from above)

Article 4.1 (wintering – Bar-tailed godwit. Article 4.2 (wintering) – Redshank. Article 4.2 (wintering assemblage) – Dunlin, oystercatcher, red-breasted merganser, velvet scoter, common scoter, wigeon, redshank, and bar-tailed godwit. (continued from above)





Moray and Nairn Coast Ramsar

Passage assemblage and species - Red-breasted merganser. Wintering assemblage and species - Common redshank, common scoter, greater scaup, and velvet scoter.

Collision risk As for Moray and Nairn Coast SPA. No adverse effect on integrity

Barrier effects As for Moray and Nairn Coast SPA. No adverse effect on integrity





Identified impact


Morecambe Bay SPA

Article 4.1 (wintering) – Bar-tailed godwit and golden plover. Article 4.2 (passage) – Sanderling. Article 4.2 (wintering assemblage) - Bar-tailed godwit, black-tailed godwit, curlew, dunlin, golden plover, goldeneye, great-crested grebe, grey plover, knot, lapwing, mallard, oystercatcher, pintail, red-breasted merganser, redshank, sanderling, shelduck, teal, turnstone, whimbrel, and wigeon.



In combination – collision risk estimates for migratory species were available for six other projects (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report), including Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D. For Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D the collision risk is likely to represent significantly less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). For Hornsea Project One, potential collision risk and mortality estimates were calculated for twelve selected species of waterbird (seven waders and five waterfowl) based on a relatively high proportion of birds occurring within the regional SPAs close to the proposed Hornsea Project One wind farm development. The migratory paths of all twelve species (including black-tailed godwit, golden plover, grey plover, knot, lapwing, shelduck and wigeon) also overlap with the Dogger Bank Zone and therefore potential cumulative impacts on migratory populations could occur. Collision losses for migratory curlew, golden plover, goldeneye, knot and shelduck from the Inch Cape project were also identified. For the other projects considered, only two species (barnacle goose and common scoter) had migratory paths that overlapped with the Dogger Bank Zone. For all species for which migration zones overlap with the development area and other project areas it is calculated that on an annual basis the potential mortality associated with collision risk would represent less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations. See Table 7.38 and Section 7.8 in Appendix B of the HRA Report.






Identified impact


Morecambe Bay SPA (continued from above)

Article 4.1 (wintering) – Bar-tailed godwit and golden plover. Article 4.2 (passage) – Sanderling. Article 4.2 (wintering assemblage) - Bar-tailed godwit, black-tailed godwit, curlew, dunlin, golden plover, goldeneye, great-crested grebe, grey plover, knot, lapwing, mallard, oystercatcher, pintail, red-breasted merganser, redshank, sanderling, shelduck, teal, turnstone, whimbrel, and wigeon. (continued from above)









Identified impact


Morecambe Bay Ramsar






Collision risk Project alone – specific collision mortality for this Ramsar site is not calculated. However, Dogger Bank Teesside A & B is outside the maximum foraging range of any protected sites designated for breeding populations of this species. The calculated annual collision estimate for all lesser black-backed gull therefore relates to non-breeding birds. The calculated maximum of the non-breeding population affected by collision and attributable to any individual SPA is 0.01% (see Table A9.36d in Appendix 9 of Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES). This predicted magnitude of impact is considered to be negligible and not significant in relation to the Ramsar’s lesser black-backed gull population.


In combination - specific collision mortality for this Ramsar site is not calculated. Table 7.29 shows that a total of 2,536 annual collision losses are predicted for lesser black-backed gull from the projects screened into the in-combination assessment. The very small collision loss of non-breeding birds attributed to this SPA from Dogger Bank Teesside A & B alone (see above) indicates that any contribution of lesser black-backed gull collision losses during the operation of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B wind farm would be non-significant.. None of the other projects examined apportioned lesser black-backed gull collision losses to this SPA. Therefore, no in-combination impact would arise.


Barrier effects Project alone - Dogger Bank Teesside A & B is located beyond the mean maximum foraging range of lesser black-backed gull and therefore no birds from this Ramsar site would be expected to occur in the area during the breeding season. No barrier effect is therefore predicted.







Identified impact


Morecambe Bay Ramsar (continued from above)

Passage - common greenshank, common redshank, common shelduck, Eurasian curlew, Eurasian oystercatcher, grey plover, lesser black-backed gull, northern pintail, ringed plover, ruddy turnstone, ruff, sanderling, and whimbrel. Wintering assemblage and species - Bar-tailed godwit, black-tailed godwit, common goldeneye, dunlin, Eurasian teal, Eurasian wigeon, European golden plover, great-crested grebe, northern lapwing, red knot, and red-breasted merganser.

Collision risk As for Morecambe Bay SPA No adverse effect on integrity

Barrier effects As for Morecambe Bay SPA. No adverse effect on integrity





Identified impact


Nene Washes SPA

Article 4.1 (wintering) – Ruff. Article 4.2 (wintering) – Pintail and shoveler. Article 4.2 (wintering assemblage) – Black-tailed godwit, lapwing, pochard, teal, gadwall, wigeon, shoveler, pintail, and ruff.



In combination – collision risk estimates for migratory species were available for six other projects (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report), including Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D. For Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D the collision risk is likely to represent significantly less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). For Hornsea Project One, potential collision risk and mortality estimates were calculated for twelve selected species of waterbird (seven waders and five waterfowl) based on a relatively high proportion of birds occurring within the regional SPAs close to the proposed Hornsea Project One wind farm development. The migratory paths of all twelve species (including black-tailed godwit, lapwing and wigeon) also overlap with the Dogger Bank Zone and therefore potential cumulative impacts on migratory populations could occur. For the other projects considered, only two species (barnacle goose and common scoter) had migratory paths that overlapped with the Dogger Bank Zone. For all species for which migration zones overlap with the development area and other project areas it is calculated that on an annual basis the potential mortality associated with collision risk would represent less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations. See Table 7.38 and Section 7.8 in Appendix B of the HRA Report.






Identified impact


Nene Washes SPA (continued from above)

Article 4.1 (wintering) – Ruff. Article 4.2 (wintering) – Pintail and shoveler. Article 4.2 (wintering assemblage) – Black-tailed godwit, lapwing, pochard, teal, gadwall, wigeon, shoveler, pintail, and ruff. (continued from above)





Nene Washes Ramsar

Passage – Black-tailed godwit. Wintering– Northern pintail.

Collision risk As for Nene Washes SPA. No adverse effect on integrity

Barrier effects As for Nene Washes SPA. No adverse effect on integrity





Identified impact


New Forest SPA






Barrier effects Project alone – for migratory hen harrier the percentage of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland population estimated to pass through the project areas at risk height (following Wright et al. (2012)) and thus exposed to potential barrier effects was 2.98% (see Table 6.25 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). The shortest approximately east-west route across the North Sea passing through the project, equates to an increase of 4% on the ca. 575km route in order for birds to circumvent the project area. For all other routes, the potential percentage increase in the migration route would be less than 4%. Based on the small percentage of the migrating hen harrier population likely to be involved and the relatively small increase in flight distance that Dogger Bank Teesside A & B could exert it is concluded that the potential barrier posed by wind farm development would be unlikely to have a detrimental impact upon the energetics of migratory hen harrier such that an effect at either the population or individual protected site level would arise (see Section 6.6 in Appendix B of the HRA Report).


In combination (with Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B and Teesside C & D only) - for migratory hen harrier (non-breeding) the percentage of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland population exposed to potential barrier effects is calculated as 4.51% (see Table 7.39 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). Conclusions as above for project alone.






Identified impact


North Caithness Cliffs SPA

Article 4.2 (breeding) – Common guillemot. Article 4.2 (breeding assemblage) – Northern fulmar, black-legged kittiwake, common guillemot, razorbill, and Atlantic puffin.
























Identified impact


North Caithness Cliffs SPA (continued from above)

Article 4.2 (breeding) – Common guillemot. Article 4.2 (breeding assemblage) – Northern fulmar, black-legged kittiwake, common guillemot, razorbill, and Atlantic puffin. (continued from above)














Identified impact













Identified impact


North Norfolk Coast SPA

Article 4.1 (wintering) – Bar-tailed godwit, bittern, golden plover, hen harrier, and ruff. Article 4.2 (passage) – Ringed plover. Article 4.2 (wintering) – Knot, pintail, redshank, and wigeon. Article 4.2 (wintering assemblage) – Shelduck, golden plover, ruff, bar-tailed godwit, wigeon, pintail, knot, redshank, bittern, dunlin, gadwall, teal, shoveler, common scoter, velvet scoter, oystercatcher, ringed plover, grey plover, lapwing, and sanderling.



In combination – collision risk estimates for migratory species were available for six other projects (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report), including Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D. For Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D the collision risk is likely to represent significantly less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). For Hornsea Project One, potential collision risk and mortality estimates were calculated for twelve selected species of waterbird (seven waders and five waterfowl) based on a relatively high proportion of birds occurring within the regional SPAs close to the proposed Hornsea Project One wind farm development. The migratory paths of all twelve species (including shelduck, golden plover, wigeon, knot, grey plover and lapwing) also overlap with the Dogger Bank Zone and therefore potential cumulative impacts on migratory populations could occur. Collision losses for migratory common scoter, knot, golden plover and shelduck from the Inch Cape project were also identified. For the other projects considered, only two species (barnacle goose and common scoter) had migratory paths that overlapped with the Dogger Bank Zone. For all species for which migration zones overlap with the development area and other project areas it is calculated that on an annual basis the potential mortality associated with collision risk would represent less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations. See Table 7.38 and Section 7.8 in Appendix B of the HRA Report.






Identified impact


North Norfolk Coast SPA (continued from above)

Article 4.1 (wintering) – Bar-tailed godwit, bittern, golden plover, hen harrier, and ruff. Article 4.2 (passage) – Ringed plover. Article 4.2 (wintering) – Knot, pintail, redshank, and wigeon. Article 4.2 (wintering assemblage) – Shelduck, golden plover, ruff, bar-tailed godwit, wigeon, pintail, knot, redshank, bittern, dunlin, gadwall, teal, shoveler, common scoter, velvet scoter, oystercatcher, ringed plover, grey plover, lapwing, and sanderling. (continued from above)









Identified impact


North Norfolk Coast Ramsar

Passage assemblage and species – Bar-tailed godwit, black-tailed godwit, common greenshank, Eurasian curlew, gadwall, grey plover, ringed plover, red knot, ruddy turnstone, ruff, sanderling, and whimbrel. Wintering assemblage and species – Common redshank, common scoter, common shelduck, Eurasian oystercatcher, Eurasian teal, Eurasian wigeon, golden plover, great bittern, northern pintail, northern shoveler, red-breasted merganser, and velvet scoter.

Collision risk As for the North Norfolk Coast SPA. No adverse effect on integrity

Barrier effects As for the North Norfolk Coast SPA. No adverse effect on integrity





Identified impact


Northumbria Coast SPA

Article 4.1 (breeding) – Little tern.

Alteration to supporting habitat and prey species

Project alone – several effects linked to the construction of the export cable landfall (and cabling works in the nearshore zone) have the potential to affect habitat conditions within the Northumbria Coast SPA and Ramsar site (20km to the north-east of the export cable route/landfall). In respect of the Northumbria Coast SPA and Ramsar site, the works would not affect existing suspended sediment concentrations or sediment deposition within the SPA and no impact on habitat conditions within the site is predicted. Increased suspended sediment concentration generated during cable laying operations would be of a temporary nature and adult and juvenile fish would be able to avoid any areas of increased suspended sediment and temporarily use undisturbed areas adjacent to the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B Export Cable Corridor. The potential prey resources for little tern foraging in nearshore waters adjacent to the SPA, therefore, would not be affected by the works (see Section 4.6 and 4.7 of the HRA Report).


In-combination - Initial screening (see Section 7.1 of the HRA Report) did not identify any other plans or projects within 25km of this site which could influence the physical, chemical, and biological parameters of the marine environment. Consequently, no other plans and projects have been considered in respect of in-combination assessment, and no sources of impacts that could act in concert with the small-scale effects predicted as a result of the construction, operation, and decommissioning of Dogger Bank Teesside A & B exist.






Identified impact


Northumbria Coast SPA (continued from above)

Article 4.2 (wintering) – Turnstone.





Barrier effects Project alone – for migratory turnstone the percentage of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland population estimated to pass through the project areas at risk height (following Wright et al. (2012)) and thus exposed to potential barrier effects was 0.79% (see Table 6.25 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). The shortest approximately east-west route across the North Sea passing through the project, equates to an increase of 4% on the ca. 575km route in order for birds to circumvent the project area. For all other routes, the potential percentage increase in the migration route would be less than 4%. Based on the small percentage of the migrating turnstone population likely to be involved and the relatively small increase in flight distance that Dogger Bank Teesside A & B could exert it is concluded that the potential barrier posed by wind farm development would be unlikely to have a detrimental impact upon the energetics of migratory turnstone such that an effect at either the population or individual protected site level would arise (see Section 6.6 in Appendix B of the HRA Report).


In combination (with Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B and Teesside C & D only) - for migratory turnstone the percentage of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland population exposed to potential barrier effects is calculated as 1.20% (see Table 7.39 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). Conclusions as above for project alone.






Identified impact


Northumbria Coast Ramsar

Breeding – Little tern. Disturbance to foraging terns

As for the Northumbria Coast SPA. No adverse effect on integrity


As for the Northumbria Coast SPA. No adverse effect on integrity

Wintering turnstone Collision risk As for the Northumbria Coast SPA. No adverse effect on integrity

Barrier effects As for the Northumbria Coast SPA. No adverse effect on integrity





Identified impact


Noss SPA Article 4.1 (breeding) – Northern gannet, great skua, and common guillemot. Article 4.2 (breeding assemblage) – Northern fulmar, northern gannet, black-legged kittiwake, great skua and common guillemot, and Atlantic puffin.






















Identified impact


Noss SPA (continued from above)

Article 4.1 (breeding) – Northern gannet, great skua, and common guillemot. Article 4.2 (breeding assemblage) – Northern fulmar, northern gannet, black-legged kittiwake, great skua and common guillemot, and Atlantic puffin. (continued from above)

Displacement Northern gannet (continued from above)

In combination - a precautionary 5% mortality rate at the cumulative level has been assumed for northern gannet (see paragraph 6.3.53 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). Predictions of the numbers of gannet potentially displaced were available for 14 other projects (see Table 7.20 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). The cumulative number of birds estimated to be displaced across these projects is 9,297 (including both breeding and wintering seasons). A combined total of 122 birds are predicted to be lost through mortality following displacement (a total of 2,440 birds displaced throughout the year) from the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A and B and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D (75% displacement and 5% mortality). For East Anglia ONE a maximum loss of 30 birds is calculated and for Hornsea Project One a maximum loss of 7 birds. Apportioning of the affected birds to individual SPAs is presented in Table 7.21 in Appendix B of the HRA Report. No birds were apportioned to this SPA from the other projects examined. The estimated combined impact of Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D for this SPA is a total of 7 non-breeding birds representing 0.02% of the SPA population. This predicted magnitude of impact is not considered to be significant at the population level.









Identified impact





In combination – data on predicted collision estimates for northern gannet is available for 25 additional projects (see Table 7.29 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). Other than for this project and Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D, no collision mortalities from other projects were assigned to this SPA. The predicted collision loss for Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D is 11.8 non-breeding birds, representing 0.04% of the SPA population (see Table A9.50d in Appendix 9 of Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES) and a 0.60% increase in the rate of background mortality. This predicted magnitude of impact is not considered to be significant at the population level.


















Identified impact

























Identified impact





In combination – predictions of the numbers of common guillemot potentially displaced were available for 16 other projects (see Table 7.20 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). The cumulative number of birds estimated to be displaced across these projects was 64,557. A combined total of 1,888 birds are predicted to be lost through mortality following displacement from the projects considered in the assessment (see Table 7.22 in Appendix B of the HRA Report. Apportioning of the affected birds to individual SPAs is presented in Table 7.23 in Appendix B of the HRA Report. For Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D the calculated cumulative loss is 38 non-breeding birds representing 0.09% of the SPA population (see Table A9.56d in Appendix 9 in Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES). No other projects apportioned displacement mortalities to this SPA. This predicted magnitude of impact is not considered to be significant at the population level.















Identified impact














Identified impact


Ouse Washes SPA

Article 4.1 (wintering) – Ruff and hen harrier. Article 4.2 (wintering) – Black-tailed godwit, gadwall, pintail, pochard, shoveler, and wigeon. Article 4.2 (wintering assemblage) – Black-tailed godwit, coot, gadwall, hen harrier, lapwing, mallard, pintail, pochard, ruff, shoveler, teal, tufted duck, and wigeon.



In combination – collision risk estimates for migratory species were available for six other projects (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report), including Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D. For Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D the collision risk is likely to represent significantly less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). For Hornsea Project One, potential collision risk and mortality estimates were calculated for twelve selected species of waterbird (seven waders and five waterfowl) based on a relatively high proportion of birds occurring within the regional SPAs close to the proposed Hornsea Project One wind farm development. The migratory paths of all twelve species (including black-tailed godwit, lapwing and wigeon) also overlap with the Dogger Bank Zone and therefore potential cumulative impacts on migratory populations could occur. Collision losses for migratory tufted duck from the Inch Cape project were also identified. For the other projects considered, only two species (barnacle goose and common scoter) had migratory paths that overlapped with the Dogger Bank Zone. For all species for which migration zones overlap with the development area and other project areas it is calculated that on an annual basis the potential mortality associated with collision risk would represent less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations. See Table 7.38 and Section 7.8 in Appendix B of the HRA Report.






Identified impact


Ouse Washes SPA (continued from above)

Article 4.1 (wintering) – Ruff and hen harrier. Article 4.2 (wintering) – Black-tailed godwit, gadwall, pintail, pochard, shoveler, and wigeon. Article 4.2 (wintering assemblage) – Black-tailed godwit, coot, gadwall, hen harrier, lapwing, mallard, pintail, pochard, ruff, shoveler, teal, tufted duck, and wigeon. (continued from above)





Ouse Washes Ramsar

Wintering assemblage and species - Bean goose, black-tailed godwit, common pochard, Eurasian coot, Eurasian teal, Eurasian wigeon, gadwall, hen harrier, northern pintail, northern shoveler, ruff, and tufted duck.

Collision risk As for the Ouse Washes SPA. No adverse effect on integrity

Barrier effects As for the Ouse Washes SPA. No adverse effect on integrity





Identified impact


Pagham Harbour SPA

Article 4.1 (wintering) – Ruff. Article 4.2 (wintering) –Pintail.

Collision risk Project alone – for both species for which migration zones overlap with the development area it is calculated that on an annual basis the potential mortality associated with collision risk is likely to represent significantly less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations (see Table 6.28 and Section 6.6 in Appendix B of the HRA Report).


In combination – collision risk estimates for both migratory species were available for six other projects (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report), namely Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, Dogger Bank Teesside C & D, Hornsea Project One, and Inch Cape. For Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, Dogger Bank Teesside C & D, Hornsea Project One, and Inch Cape the collision risk is likely to represent significantly less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations, with estimated annual collisions of 0.19 for ruff and 0.71 for pintail (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). No other projects identified any potential collision risk for migratory populations of these species.


Barrier effects Project alone – for migratory pintail and ruff the percentages of Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations estimated to pass through the project areas at risk height (following Wright et al. (2012)) and thus exposed to potential barrier effects were 0.48% and 1.8% respectively (see Table 6.25 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). The shortest approximately east-west route across the North Sea passing through the project, equates to an increase of 4% on the ca. 575km route in order for birds to circumvent the project area. For all other routes, the potential percentage increase in the migration route would be less than 4%. Based on the small percentage of these migrating bird populations likely to be involved and the relatively small increase in flight distance that Dogger Bank Teesside A & B could exert it is concluded that the potential barrier posed by wind farm development would be unlikely to have a detrimental impact upon the energetics of these migratory birds such that an effect at either the population or individual protected site level would arise (see Section 6.6 in Appendix B of the HRA Report).








Identified impact


Pagham Harbour Ramsar

Wintering - Black-tailed godwit

Collision risk Project alone – for black-tailed godwit it is calculated that on an annual basis the potential mortality associated with collision risk is likely to represent significantly less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland population with 0.06 annual collisions estimated on the reference population (see Table 6.28 and Section 6.6 in Appendix B of the HRA Report).


In combination – collision risk estimates for black-tailed godwit were available for six other projects (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report), notably Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, Dogger Bank Teesside C & D, and Hornsea Project One. For Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, Dogger Bank Teesside C & D and Hornsea Project One the collision risk is likely to represent significantly less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland population of black-tailed godwit, with 0.20 annual collisions estimated in respect of the reference population (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). No other projects identified any potential collision risk for migratory populations of these species.


Barrier effects Project alone – for migratory black-tailed godwit the percentage of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland population estimated to pass through the project areas at risk height (following Wright et al. (2012)) and thus exposed to potential barrier effects was 1.34% (see Table 6.25 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). The shortest approximately east-west route across the North Sea passing through the project, equates to an increase of 4% on the ca. 575km route in order for birds to circumvent the project area. For all other routes, the potential percentage increase in the migration route would be less than 4%. Based on the small percentage of these migrating black-tailed godwit population likely to be involved and the relatively small increase in flight distance that Dogger Bank Teesside A & B could exert it is concluded that the potential barrier posed by wind farm development would be unlikely to have a detrimental impact upon the energetics of migratory black-tailed godwit such that an effect at either the population or individual protected site level would arise (see Section 6.6 in Appendix B of the HRA Report).

In combination (with Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B and Teesside C & D only) - for migratory black-tailed godwit the percentage of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations exposed to potential barrier effects are calculated as 2.27% (see Table 7.39 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). Conclusions as above for project alone.






Identified impact


Papa Westray SPA

Article 4.2 (breeding) – Arctic skua.







Project alone – assuming a 98% avoidance rate, analysis provided estimates of <0.1 Arctic skua collisions based on the mean of both 2010 and 2011 data (see Table 6.29 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). It is considered that the predicted very low number of annual collisions for this species would be highly unlikely to have a discernible effect at the population level, either with regard to designated site-based populations or wider North Sea populations.


In combination - the annual collision loss of Arctic skua predicted for Dogger Bank Creyke Beck is deemed to be insignificant and therefore no in-combination assessment is considered necessary.



Project alone – the distance between Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B and this SPA is greater than the mean maximum foraging range of Arctic skua. Therefore no birds from this SPA would be expected to occur in the area during the breeding season. No barrier effect is therefore predicted.







Identified impact


Poole Harbour SPA

Article 4.2 (wintering) – Black-tailed godwit and shelduck. Article 4.2 (wintering assemblage) - Black-tailed godwit, curlew, dunlin, goldeneye, lapwing, pochard, red-breasted merganser, redshank, shelduck, and shoveler.



In combination – collision risk estimates for migratory species were available for six other projects (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report), including Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D. For Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D the collision risk is likely to represent significantly less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). For Hornsea Project One, potential collision risk and mortality estimates were calculated for twelve selected species of waterbird (seven waders and five waterfowl) based on a relatively high proportion of birds occurring within the regional SPAs close to the proposed Hornsea Project One wind farm development. The migratory paths of all twelve species (including black-tailed godwit, lapwing and shelduck) also overlap with the Dogger Bank Zone and therefore potential cumulative impacts on migratory populations could occur. For the other projects considered, only two species (barnacle goose and common scoter) had migratory paths that overlapped with the Dogger Bank Zone. Collision losses for migratory curlew, goldeneye and shelduck from the Inch Cape project were also identified. For all species for which migration zones overlap with the development area and other project areas it is calculated that on an annual basis the potential mortality associated with collision risk would represent less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations. See Table 7.38 and Section 7.8 in Appendix B of the HRA Report.






Identified impact


Poole Harbour SPA (continued from above)

Article 4.2 (wintering) – Black-tailed godwit and shelduck. Article 4.2 (wintering assemblage) - Black-tailed godwit, curlew, dunlin, goldeneye, lapwing, pochard, red-breasted merganser, redshank, shelduck, and shoveler. (continued from above)





Poole Harbour Ramsar

Passage assemblage and species – Common greenshank. Wintering assemblage and species – Black-tailed godwit, common shelduck, dunlin, Eurasian curlew, northern pintail, and red-breasted merganser.

Collision risk As for the Poole Harbour SPA. No adverse effect on integrity

Barrier effects As for the Poole Harbour SPA. No adverse effect on integrity





Identified impact


Ribble and Alt Estuaries SPA

Article 4.1 (breeding) – Lesser black-backed gull.





Collision risk Project alone – specific collision mortality for this SPA is not calculated. However, Dogger Bank Teesside A & B is outside the maximum foraging range of any protected sites designated for breeding populations of this species. The calculated annual collision estimate for all lesser black-backed gull therefore relates to non-breeding birds. The calculated maximum of the non-breeding population affected by collision and attributable to any individual SPA is 0.01% (see Table A9.36d in Appendix 9 of Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES). This predicted magnitude of impact is considered to be negligible and not significant in relation to the SPA’s lesser black-backed gull population.


In combination - specific collision mortality for this SPA is not calculated. Table 7.29 shows that a total of 2,536 annual collision losses are predicted for lesser black-backed gull from the projects screened into the in-combination assessment. The very small collision loss of non-breeding birds attributed to this SPA from Dogger Bank Teesside A & B alone (see above) indicates that any contribution of lesser black-backed gull collision losses during the operation of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B wind farm would be non-significant. None of the projects examined apportioned lesser black-backed gull collision losses to this SPA. Therefore, no in-combination impact would arise.


Barrier effects Project alone - Dogger Bank Teesside A & B is located beyond the mean maximum foraging range of lesser black-backed gull and therefore no birds from this SPA would be expected to occur in the area during the breeding season. No barrier effect is therefore predicted.







Identified impact


Ribble and Alt Estuaries SPA (continued from above)

Article 4.1 (wintering) – Bar-tailed godwit and golden plover. Article 4.2 (passage) – Sanderling. Article 4.2 (wintering) - Black-tailed godwit, dunlin, golden plover, grey plover, knot, oystercatcher, pintail, redshank, sanderling, shelduck, teal, and wigeon. Article 4.2 (wintering assemblage) - Bar-tailed godwit, black-tailed godwit, common scoter, curlew, dunlin, golden plover, grey plover, knot, lapwing, oystercatcher, pintail, redshank, sanderling, shelduck, teal, and wigeon.



In combination – collision risk estimates for migratory species were available for six other projects (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report), including Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D. For Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D the collision risk is likely to represent significantly less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). For Hornsea Project One, potential collision risk and mortality estimates were calculated for twelve selected species of waterbird (seven waders and five waterfowl) based on a relatively high proportion of birds occurring within the regional SPAs close to the proposed Hornsea Project One wind farm development. The migratory paths of all twelve species (including black-tailed godwit, golden plover, grey plover, knot, lapwing, shelduck and wigeon) also overlap with the Dogger Bank Zone and therefore potential cumulative impacts on migratory populations could occur. Collision losses for migratory common scoter, curlew, golden plover, knot, oystercatcher and shelduck from the Inch Cape project were also identified. For the other projects considered, only two species (barnacle goose and common scoter) had migratory paths that overlapped with the Dogger Bank Zone. For all species for which migration zones overlap with the development area and other project areas it is calculated that on an annual basis the potential mortality associated with collision risk would represent less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations. See Table 7.38 and Section 7.8 in Appendix B of the HRA Report.






Identified impact


Ribble and Alt Estuaries SPA (continued from above)

Article 4.1 (wintering) – Bar-tailed godwit and golden plover. Article 4.2 (passage) – Sanderling. Article 4.2 (wintering) - Black-tailed godwit, dunlin, golden plover, grey plover, knot, oystercatcher, pintail, redshank, sanderling, shelduck, teal, and wigeon. Article 4.2 (wintering assemblage) - Bar-tailed godwit, black-tailed godwit, common scoter, curlew, dunlin, golden plover, grey plover, knot, lapwing, oystercatcher, pintail, redshank, sanderling, shelduck, teal, and wigeon. (continued from above)









Identified impact


Ribble and Alt Estuaries Ramsar

Passage - Black-tailed godwit, common greenshank, common redshank, dunlin, Eurasian curlew, grey plover, red knot, and ruff. Wintering assemblage and species - Bar-tailed godwit, common scoter, common shelduck, Eurasian oystercatcher, Eurasian teal, Eurasian wigeon, European golden plover, northern pintail, and northern shoveler.

Collision risk As for the Ribble and Alt Estuaries SPA. No adverse effect on integrity

Barrier effects As for the Ribble and Alt Estuaries SPA. No adverse effect on integrity





Identified impact


Rousay SPA Article 4.2 (breeding assemblage) – Northern fulmar, black-legged kittiwake, Arctic skua, and common guillemot.
























Identified impact


Rousay SPA (continued from above)

Article 4.2 (breeding assemblage) – Northern fulmar, black-legged kittiwake, Arctic skua, and common guillemot. (continued from above)




In combination – data on predicted collision estimates for black-legged kittiwake are available for 20 additional projects. The cumulative collision estimate for black-legged kittiwake is estimated as 2,157 birds per year from these projects (see Table 7.29 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). he predicted collision loss for Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D is 1.5 non-breeding birds, representing 0.04% of the SPA population (see Table A9.52d in Appendix 9 of Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES) and a 0.58% increase in the rate of background mortality. This predicted magnitude of impact is not considered to be significant at the population level. None of the other projects examined apportioned collision losses during the non-breeding season to this SPA.










Identified impact






















Identified impact





Project alone - based on mean data, disturbance and displacement analysis (using a 50% displacement rate) provides a figure of 5,511 displaced birds (1,108 during breeding months, 4,403 during other months of the year). A precautionary mortality rate of 5% has been assigned to this species based on knowledge of the foraging ecology of this species and the magnitude of the habitat loss that could occur as a result of displacement from within the site of the operational wind farm development. Taking account of potential mortality, displacement could result in the loss of 276 birds (37 during the breeding season) across all of the SPAs in the greater North Sea region (see Tables A9.39a-d in Appendix 9 of Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES). Dogger Bank Teesside A & B is located outside the maximum foraging range of common guillemot that could derive from this SPA. Through attribution of the displacement impact it is estimated that 1 non-breeding bird from this SPA would be affected, representing 0.02% of the SPA population (see Table A9.39d in Appendix 9 in Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES). This predicted magnitude of impact is not considered to be significant at the population level.









Identified impact

















Identified impact


Rutland Water SPA

Article 4.2 (wintering) – Gadwall and shoveler. Article 4.2 (wintering assemblage) - Goldeneye, pochard, coot, teal, wigeon, gadwall, great-crested grebe, lapwing, shoveler, and tufted duck.



In combination – collision risk estimates for migratory species were available for six other projects (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report), including Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D. For Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D the collision risk is likely to represent significantly less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). For Hornsea Project One, potential collision risk and mortality estimates were calculated for twelve selected species of waterbird (seven waders and five waterfowl) based on a relatively high proportion of birds occurring within the regional SPAs close to the proposed Hornsea Project One wind farm development. The migratory paths of all twelve species (including wigeon and lapwing) also overlap with the Dogger Bank Zone and therefore potential cumulative impacts on migratory populations could occur. Collision losses for migratory goldeneye and tufted duck from the Inch Cape project were also identified. For the other projects considered, only two species (barnacle goose and common scoter) had migratory paths that overlapped with the Dogger Bank Zone. For all species for which migration zones overlap with the development area and other project areas it is calculated that on an annual basis the potential mortality associated with collision risk would represent less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations. See Table 7.38 and Section 7.8 in Appendix B of the HRA Report.






Identified impact


Rutland Water SPA (continued from above)

Article 4.2 (wintering) – Gadwall and shoveler. Article 4.2 (wintering assemblage) - Goldeneye, pochard, coot, teal, wigeon, gadwall, great-crested grebe, lapwing, shoveler, and tufted duck. (continued from above)





Rutland Water Ramsar

Passage - Common greenshank, Eurasian coot, gadwall, great-crested grebe, lesser black-backed gull, northern shoveler, ruff, and tufted duck. Wintering assemblage species - Common goldeneye.

Collision risk As for the Rutland Water SPA. No adverse effect on integrity

Barrier effects As for the Rutland Water SPA. No adverse effect on integrity





Identified impact


Salisbury Plain SPA






Barrier effects Project alone – for migratory hen harrier the percentage of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland population estimated to pass through the project areas at risk height (following Wright et al. (2012)) and thus exposed to potential barrier effects was 2.98% (see Table 6.25 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). The shortest approximately east-west route across the North Sea passing through the project, equates to an increase of 4% on the ca. 575km route in order for birds to circumvent the project area. For all other routes, the potential percentage increase in the migration route would be less than 4%. Based on the small percentage of the migrating hen harrier populations likely to be involved and the relatively small increase in flight distance that Dogger Bank Teesside A & B could exert it is concluded that the potential barrier posed by wind farm development would be unlikely to have a detrimental impact upon the energetics of migratory hen harrier such that an effect at either the population or individual protected site level would arise (see Section 6.6 in Appendix B of the HRA Report).


In combination (with Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B and Teesside C & D only) - for migratory hen harrier (non-breeding) the percentage of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland population exposed to potential barrier effects is calculated as 4.51% (see Table 7.39 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). Conclusions as above for project alone.






Identified impact


Severn Estuary SPA

Article 4.2 (wintering) – Curlew, dunlin, pintail, redshank, and shelduck. Article 4.2 (wintering assemblage) - Pochard, redshank, shelduck, dunlin, curlew, teal, wigeon, gadwall, grey plover, mallard, lapwing, pintail, shoveler, tufted duck, and whimbrel.



In combination – collision risk estimates for migratory species were available for six other projects (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report), including Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D. For Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D the collision risk is likely to represent significantly less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). For Hornsea Project One, potential collision risk and mortality estimates were calculated for twelve selected species of waterbird (seven waders and five waterfowl) based on a relatively high proportion of birds occurring within the regional SPAs close to the proposed Hornsea Project One wind farm development. The migratory paths of all twelve species (including shelduck, wigeon, grey plover and lapwing) also overlap with the Dogger Bank Zone and therefore potential cumulative impacts on migratory populations could occur. For the other projects considered, only two species (barnacle goose and common scoter) had migratory paths that overlapped with the Dogger Bank Zone. Collision losses for migratory curlew, shelduck and tufted duck from the Inch Cape project were also identified. For all species for which migration zones overlap with the development area and other project areas it is calculated that on an annual basis the potential mortality associated with collision risk would represent less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations. See Table 7.38 and Section 7.8 in Appendix B of the HRA Report.






Identified impact


Severn Estuary SPA (continued from above)

Article 4.2 (wintering) – Curlew, dunlin, pintail, redshank, and shelduck. Article 4.2 (wintering assemblage) - Pochard, redshank, shelduck, dunlin, curlew, teal, wigeon, gadwall, grey plover, mallard, lapwing, pintail, shoveler, tufted duck, and whimbrel. (continued from above)





Severn Estuary Ramsar

Passage assemblage species - Common greenshank, Eurasian curlew, ruff, and whimbrel. Wintering assemblage and species - Common pochard, common redshank, common shelduck, dunlin, Eurasian teal, Eurasian wigeon, gadwall, northern pintail, and northern shoveler.

Collision risk As for the Severn Estuary SPA. No adverse effect on integrity

Barrier effects As for the Severn Estuary SPA. No adverse effect on integrity





Identified impact


Solent and Southampton Water SPA

Article 4.2 (wintering) – Black-tailed godwit, ringed plover, and teal. Article 4.2 (wintering assemblage) - Black-tailed godwit, redshank, shelduck, dunlin, curlew, teal, wigeon, gadwall, great-crested grebe, grey plover, lapwing, pintail, shoveler, and red-breasted merganser.



In combination – collision risk estimates for migratory species were available for six other projects (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report), including Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D. For Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D the collision risk is likely to represent significantly less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). For Hornsea Project One, potential collision risk and mortality estimates were calculated for twelve selected species of waterbird (seven waders and five waterfowl) based on a relatively high proportion of birds occurring within the regional SPAs close to the proposed Hornsea Project One wind farm development. The migratory paths of all twelve species (including black-tailed godwit, shelduck, wigeon, grey plover and lapwing) also overlap with the Dogger Bank Zone and therefore potential cumulative impacts on migratory populations could occur. Collision losses for migratory curlew and shelduck from the Inch Cape project were also identified. For the other projects considered, only two species (barnacle goose and common scoter) had migratory paths that overlapped with the Dogger Bank Zone. For all species for which migration zones overlap with the development area and other project areas it is calculated that on an annual basis the potential mortality associated with collision risk would represent less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations. See Table 7.38 and Section 7.8 in Appendix B of the HRA Report.






Identified impact


Solent and Southampton Water SPA (continued from above)

Article 4.2 (wintering) – Black-tailed godwit, ringed plover, and teal. Article 4.2 (wintering assemblage) - Black-tailed godwit, redshank, shelduck, dunlin, curlew, teal, wigeon, gadwall, great-crested grebe, grey plover, lapwing, pintail, shoveler, and red-breasted merganser. (continued from above)





Solent and Southampton Water Ramsar

Passage assemblage species – Common greenshank and ringed plover. Wintering assemblage and species - Black-tailed godwit, common shelduck, dunlin, Eurasian curlew, Eurasian teal, Eurasian wigeon, grey plover, northern pintail, northern shoveler, red-breasted merganser, and Slavonian grebe.

Collision risk As for the Solent and Southampton Water SPA. No adverse effect on integrity

Barrier effects As for the Solent and Southampton Water SPA. No adverse effect on integrity





Identified impact


Somerset Levels and Moors SPA

Article 4.1 (wintering) – Golden plover. Article 4.2 (wintering) –Shoveler, teal and wigeon. Article 4.2 (wintering assemblage) - Snipe, teal, wigeon, golden plover, gadwall, lapwing, pintail, shoveler, and whimbrel.



In combination – collision risk estimates for migratory species were available for six other projects (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report), including Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D. For Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D the collision risk is likely to represent significantly less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). For Hornsea Project One, potential collision risk and mortality estimates were calculated for twelve selected species of waterbird (seven waders and five waterfowl) based on a relatively high proportion of birds occurring within the regional SPAs close to the proposed Hornsea Project One wind farm development. The migratory paths of all twelve species (including wigeon, golden plover and lapwing) also overlap with the Dogger Bank Zone and therefore potential cumulative impacts on migratory populations could occur. For the other projects considered, only two species (barnacle goose and common scoter) had migratory paths that overlapped with the Dogger Bank Zone. For all species for which migration zones overlap with the development area and other project areas it is calculated that on an annual basis the potential mortality associated with collision risk would represent less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations. See Table 7.38 and Section 7.8 in Appendix B of the HRA Report.






Identified impact


Somerset Levels and Moors SPA (continued from above)

Article 4.1 (wintering) – Golden plover. Article 4.2 (wintering) –Shoveler, teal and wigeon. Article 4.2 (wintering assemblage) - Snipe, teal, wigeon, golden plover, gadwall, lapwing, pintail, shoveler, and whimbrel. (continued from above)





Somerset Levels and Moors Ramsar

Wintering assemblage and species - Common snipe, Eurasian teal, Eurasian wigeon, European golden plover, gadwall, northern lapwing, northern pintail, northern shoveler, and ruff.

Collision risk As for the Somerset Levels and Moors SPA. No adverse effect on integrity

Barrier effects As for the Somerset Levels and Moors SPA. No adverse effect on integrity





Identified impact


South West London Waterbodies SPA

Article 4.2 (wintering) – Gadwall and shoveler.





Barrier effects Project alone – for migratory gadwall and northern shoveler the percentages of Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations estimated to pass through the project areas at risk height (following Wright et al. (2012)) and thus exposed to potential barrier effects were 0.27% and 0.52% respectively (see Table 6.25 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). The shortest approximately east-west route across the North Sea passing through the project, equates to an increase of 4% on the ca. 575km route in order for birds to circumvent the project area. For all other routes, the potential percentage increase in the migration route would be less than 4%. Based on the small percentage of the migrating bird populations likely to be involved and the relatively small increase in flight distance that Dogger Bank Teesside A & B could exert it is concluded that the potential barrier posed by wind farm development would be unlikely to have a detrimental impact upon the energetics of these migratory birds such that an effect at either the population or individual protected site level would arise (see Section 6.6 in Appendix B of the HRA Report).








Identified impact


South West London Waterbodies Ramsar

Wintering - Gadwall and northern shoveler.

Collision risk As for the South West London Waterbodies SPA. No adverse effect on integrity

Barrier effects As for the South West London Waterbodies SPA. No adverse effect on integrity

St Abb’s Head to Fast Castle SPA

Article 4.2 (breeding assemblage) – Black-legged kittiwake, common guillemot, and razorbill.















Identified impact


St Abb’s Head to Fast Castle SPA

Article 4.2 (breeding assemblage) – Black-legged kittiwake, common guillemot, and razorbill. (continued from above)






Project alone - based on mean data, disturbance and displacement analysis (using a 50% displacement rate) provides a figure of 5,511 displaced birds (1,108 during breeding months, 4,403 during other months of the year). A precautionary mortality rate of 5% has been assigned to this species based on knowledge of the foraging ecology of this species and the magnitude of the habitat loss that could occur as a result of displacement from within the site of the operational wind farm development. Taking account of potential mortality, displacement could result in the loss of 276 birds (37 during the breeding season) across all of the SPAs in the greater North Sea region (see Tables A9.39a-d in Appendix 9 of Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES). Dogger Bank Teesside A & B is located within the maximum foraging range of common guillemot that could derive from this SPA. Through attribution of the displacement impact it is estimated that 5 breeding birds (<0.01% of the SPA population) and 16 non-breeding birds (0.02% of the SPA population) would be affected, giving a total of 0.03% of the SPA population (see Table A9.39d in Appendix 9 in Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES). This predicted magnitude of impact is not considered to be significant at the population level.






Identified impact


St Abb’s Head to Fast Castle SPA (continued from above)



In combination – predictions of the numbers of common guillemot potentially displaced were available for 16 other projects (see Table 7.20 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). The cumulative number of birds estimated to be displaced across these projects was 64,557. A combined total of 1,888 birds are predicted to be lost through mortality following displacement from the projects considered in the assessment (see Table 7.22 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). A cumulative impact of 54 breeding birds lost through mortality following displacement is calculated for the St Abb’s Head to Fast Castle SPA, representing 0.09% of the population of this SPA. The contribution of Dogger Bank Teesside A & B to the cumulative total is five breeding birds (0.01% of the breeding population) (see Table A9.56d in Appendix 9 in Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES) and from Dogger Bank Creyke Beck and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D combined, 27 birds, representing 0.04% of the breeding population. For the Neart na Gaoithe project, 17 of the total 76 predicted guillemot mortalities are apportioned to the St Abb’s Head to Fast Castle SPA. The cumulative level of predicted impact (0.09% of the SPA breeding population) is small and well below the PBR value of 1.75% of the population calculated for the Firth of Forth Alpha and Bravo (Seagreen) project. This suggests that the predicted displacement impact would not have a significant effect on increasing the chance of population decline.















Identified impact





Project alone - based on mean data, disturbance and displacement analysis (50% displacement rate) undertaken provides a figure of 1,804 displaced birds (186 during breeding months, 1,618 during other months of the year). A precautionary mortality rate of 5% has been assigned to this species based on knowledge of the foraging ecology of this species and the magnitude of the habitat loss that could occur as a result of displacement from within the site of the operational wind farm development. Therefore, in total the mortality of 49 birds (5 during the breeding season) across all of the SPAs in the greater North Sea region (see Tables A9.42a-d in Appendix 9 of Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES) is predicted. Dogger Bank Teesside A & B is located within the maximum foraging range of razorbill that could derive from this SPA. Through attribution of the displacement impact it is estimated that 0.33 of an adult breeding bird and 2.3 non-breeding birds from this SPA would be affected. In total this would represent 0.05% of the SPA population (see Table A9.42d in Appendix 9 in Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES). This predicted magnitude of impact is not considered to be significant at the population level.


In combination – predictions of the numbers of razorbill potentially displaced were available for 16 other projects (see Table 7.20 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). The cumulative number of birds estimated to be displaced across these projects was 17,962. A combined total of 743 birds are predicted to be lost through mortality following displacement from the projects considered in the assessment (see Table 7.25 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). A cumulative impact of 2.1 breeding birds lost through mortality following displacement is calculated for the St Abb’s Head to Fast Castle SPA, representing 0.06% of the population of this SPA. For the Neart na Gaoithe project, one of the total eight predicted adult guillemot mortalities is apportioned to this SPA. The contribution of Dogger Bank Teesside A & B combined with Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D to the cumulative total is one breeding bird (0.03% of the breeding population). The cumulative level of predicted impact (0.06% of the SPA breeding population) is small and well below the PBR value for the population calculated for the Firth of Forth Alpha and Bravo (Seagreen) project. This suggests that the predicted displacement impact would not have a significant effect on increasing the chance of population decline.






Identified impact










Project alone - the numbers of birds potentially exposed to a barrier effect represents less than 0.1% of national or biogeographic populations. Apportioning to individual protected sites indicates that less than 0.15% of the breeding population at this SPA would be affected (see Table A9.43 in Appendix 9 of Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES). The average increase in flight distance due to the barrier presented by Dogger Bank Teesside A & B is approximately 25km (8% of the species’ maximum foraging range of 312km). This increase might prevent birds from this SPA reaching foraging areas beyond the development area, although Dogger Bank Teesside A & B is at the extreme end of the maximum range suggesting that regular flight beyond the development area to access foraging ground is unlikely. Given the very small percentage of the population likely to be affected and the small flight deviation that might be incurred through the presence of the wind farm it is concluded that a negligible barrier effect would result, such that no population level effect is expected.








Identified impact


Stodmarsh SPA Article 4.1 (wintering) – Bittern and hen harrier.





Barrier effects Project alone – for migratory bittern and hen harrier (non-breeding) the percentages of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations estimated to pass through the project areas at risk height (following Wright et al. (2012)) and thus exposed to potential barrier effects were 0.75% and 2.98% respectively (see Table 6.25 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). The shortest approximately east-west route across the North Sea passing through the project, equates to an increase of 4% on the ca. 575km route in order for birds to circumvent the project area. For all other routes, the potential percentage increase in the migration route would be less than 4%. Based on the small percentage of these migrating bird populations likely to be involved and the relatively small increase in flight distance that Dogger Bank Teesside A & B could exert it is concluded that the potential barrier posed by wind farm development would be unlikely to have a detrimental impact upon the energetics of these migratory birds such that an effect at either the population or individual protected site level would arise (see Section 6.6 in Appendix B of the HRA Report).








Identified impact


Stodmarsh Ramsar

Passage - Gadwall. Wintering - Great bittern, hen harrier, and northern shoveler.

Collision risk As for the Stodmarsh SPA + project alone, gadwall (0.27%) and northern shoveler (0.52%).


Barrier effects As for the Stodmarsh SPA + project in-combination, gadwall (0.52%) and northern shoveler (0.92%) of GB populations.


Stour and Orwell Estuaries SPA

Article 4.1 (wintering) – Hen harrier. Article 4.2 (wintering) – Grey plover, dunlin, black-tailed godwit, pintail, ringed plover, redshank, shelduck, and turnstone. Article 4.2 (wintering assemblage) – Black-tailed godwit, curlew, dunlin, goldeneye, great-crested grebe, grey plover, hen harrier, knot, lapwing, oystercatcher, pintail, redshank, ringed plover, shelduck, turnstone, and wigeon.



In combination – collision risk estimates for migratory species were available for six other projects (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report), including Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D. For Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D the collision risk is likely to represent significantly less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). For Hornsea Project One, potential collision risk and mortality estimates were calculated for twelve selected species of waterbird (seven waders and five waterfowl) based on a relatively high proportion of birds occurring within the regional SPAs close to the proposed Hornsea Project One wind farm development. The migratory paths of all twelve species (including black-tailed godwit, grey plover, knot, lapwing, shelduck and wigeon) also overlap with the Dogger Bank Zone and therefore potential cumulative impacts on migratory populations could occur. Collision losses for migratory curlew, goldeneye, knot and shelduck from the Inch Cape project were also identified. For the other projects considered, only two species (barnacle goose and common scoter) had migratory paths that overlapped with the Dogger Bank Zone. For all species for which migration zones overlap with the development area and other project areas it is calculated that on an annual basis the potential mortality associated with collision risk would represent less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations. See Table 7.38 and Section 7.8 in Appendix B of the HRA Report.






Identified impact


Stour and Orwell Estuaries SPA (continued from above)

Article 4.1 (wintering) – Hen harrier. Article 4.2 (wintering) – Grey plover, dunlin, black-tailed godwit, pintail, ringed plover, redshank, shelduck, and turnstone. Article 4.2 (wintering assemblage) – Black-tailed godwit, curlew, dunlin, goldeneye, great-crested grebe, grey plover, hen harrier, knot, lapwing, oystercatcher, pintail, redshank, ringed plover, shelduck, turnstone, and wigeon. (continued from above)









Identified impact


Stour and Orwell Estuaries Ramsar

Passage assemblage and species – Common greenshank, common redshank, ringed plover, and ruff. Wintering assemblage and species - Black-tailed godwit, common goldeneye, common redshank, common shelduck, dunlin, Eurasian curlew Eurasian wigeon, great-crested grebe, grey plover, northern pintail, red knot, and ruddy turnstone.

Collision risk As for the Stour and Orwell Estuaries SPA. No adverse effect on integrity

Barrier effects As for the Stour and Orwell Estuaries SPA. No adverse effect on integrity





Identified impact


Sule Skerry and Sule Stack SPA

Article 4.2 (breeding) – Northern gannet and Atlantic puffin. Article 4.2 (assemblage) – Northern gannet, common guillemot, and Atlantic puffin.




In combination - a precautionary 5% mortality rate at the cumulative level has been assumed for northern gannet (see paragraph 6.3.53 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). Predictions of the numbers of gannet potentially displaced were available for 14 other projects (see Table 7.20 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). The cumulative number of birds estimated to be displaced across these projects is 9,297 (including both breeding and wintering seasons). A combined total of 122 birds are predicted to be lost through mortality following displacement (a total of 2,440 birds displaced throughout the year) from the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A and B and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D (75% displacement and 5% mortality). Apportioning of the affected birds to individual SPAs is presented in Table 7.21 in Appendix B of the HRA Report. No birds were apportioned to this SPA from the other projects examined. The estimated combined impact of Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D for this SPA is a total of 3 non-breeding birds representing 0.02% of the SPA population. This predicted magnitude of impact is not considered to be significant at the population level.









Identified impact


Sule Skerry and Sule Stack SPA (continued from above)

Article 4.2 (breeding) – Northern gannet and Atlantic puffin. Article 4.2 (assemblage) – Northern gannet, common guillemot, and Atlantic puffin. (continued from above)


In combination – data on predicted collision estimates for northern gannet is available for 25 additional projects (see Table 7.29 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). Other than for this project and Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D, no collision mortalities from other projects were assigned to this SPA. The predicted collision loss for Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D is 5.7 non-breeding birds, representing 0.04% of the SPA population (see Table A9.50d in Appendix 9 of Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES) and a 0.60% increase in the rate of background mortality. This predicted magnitude of impact is not considered to be significant at the population level.













Identified impact




















Identified impact


Sumburgh Head SPA

Article 4.2 (breeding assemblage) – Northern fulmar, black-legged kittiwake, and common guillemot.
























Identified impact


Sumburgh Head SPA (continued from above)

Article 4.2 (breeding assemblage) – Northern fulmar, black-legged kittiwake, and common guillemot. (continued from above)














Identified impact













Identified impact


Teesmouth and Cleveland Coast SPA

Article 4.1 (breeding) – Little tern. Article 4.2 (passage) – Sandwich tern.

Disturbance to foraging behaviour (terns)

Project alone – The small-scale and temporary nature of the works in the nearshore zone (and within foraging range of terns) would not constitute a source of disturbance that would influence the foraging behaviour of terns such that potential adverse impacts at the population level would arise.


In-combination - Initial screening (see Section 7.1 in Appendix B of the HRA Report) did not identify any other plans or projects within 25km of this site which could lead to disturbance to foraging terns. Consequently, no other plans and projects have been considered in respect of in-combination assessment, and no sources of impacts that could act in concert with the small-scale effects predicted as a result of the construction, operation, and decommissioning of Dogger Bank Teesside A & B exist.



Project alone – several effects linked to the construction of the export cable landfall (and cabling works in the nearshore zone) have the potential to affect habitat conditions within the Teesmouth and Cleveland Coast SPA and Ramsar site (2km to the north-west of the landfall). An increase in suspended sediment concentrations may occur within the designated boundary of the SPA. However, any such increase would not lead to changes in sediment conditions within the SPA and no effects on the availability of prey resources for designated bird populations would arise. Increased suspended sediment concentration generated during cable laying operations would be of a temporary nature and adult and juvenile fish would be able to avoid any areas of increased suspended sediment and temporarily use undisturbed areas adjacent to the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B Export Cable Corridor. The potential prey resources for little tern foraging in nearshore waters adjacent to the SPA, therefore, would not be affected by the works (see Section 4.6 and Section 4.7 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). Some small-scale, direct loss of seabed habitat would occur as a result of cable protection measures and crossings. This loss of seabed habitat would be very small in the context of the distribution of fish and shellfish species present in the area of the export cable, including areas used for spawning and, as nursery, feeding or overwintering grounds. As such, a significant impact on fish populations and abundance within the offshore area is not predicted (see Chapter 13 of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES). Hence, no impact on the prey resource availability for little tern foraging from the Teesmouth and Cleveland Coast SPA is predicted.






Identified impact


Teesmouth and Cleveland Coast SPA (continued from above)

Article 4.1 (breeding) – Little tern. Article 4.2 (passage) – Sandwich tern. (continued from above)

Alteration to supporting habitat and prey species (continued from above)

In-combination - - Initial screening (see Section 7.1 of the HRA Report) did not identify any other plans or projects within 25km of this site which could influence the physical, chemical, and biological parameters of the marine environment. Consequently, no other plans and projects have been considered in respect of in-combination assessment, and no sources of impacts that could act in concert with the small-scale effects predicted as a result of the construction, operation, and decommissioning of Dogger Bank Teesside A & B exist.


Article 4.2 (passage) – Ringed plover. Article 4.2 (wintering) – Knot and redshank. Article 4.2 (wintering assemblage) – Sanderling, ringed plover, lapwing, shelduck, redshank, and knot.

Disturbance Project alone – overall usage of the frontage in the vicinity of the export cable landfall by waterbirds, either for foraging or roosting, is low and probably reflects both the limited available foraging resource and also the existing high level of disturbance (e.g. recreational use, dog-walking etc.) that the frontage is subject to. While the landfall works would further contribute to the overall disturbance levels, this contribution would be localised and of a short-term duration (a maximum of six months or one overwintering period). Coupled with the very limited use of the foreshore area by birds likely to derive from the Teesside and Cleveland Coast SPA, it is considered unlikely that disturbance and localised displacement would have a measurable effect on the designated SPA populations. No regular activities would take place within the cable landfall area throughout the operation phase. Whilst the potential for maintenance of the buried cable could arise, this is both unlikely and would be temporary in nature. Consequently, similar residual impacts as those identified for the construction phase would arise. That is, no short-term impacts on possible European site populations of the waterbird species recorded within the area of the cable landfall would arise.


In-combination - Initial screening (see Section 7.1 in Appendix B of the HRA Report) did not identify any other plans or projects within 25km of this site which could interact with cable landfall construction / operation and influence disturbance effects to waterbirds using the foreshore. Consequently, no other plans and projects have been considered in respect of in-combination assessment, and no sources of impacts that could act in concert with the small-scale effects predicted as a result of the construction, operation, and decommissioning of Dogger Bank Teesside A & B exist.





Identified impact



Article 4.2 (passage) – Ringed plover. Article 4.2 (wintering) – Knot and redshank. Article 4.2 (wintering assemblage) – Sanderling, ringed plover, lapwing, shelduck, redshank, and knot. (continued from above)


In combination – collision risk estimates for migratory species were available for six other projects (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report), including Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D. For Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D the collision risk is likely to represent significantly less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). For Hornsea Project One, potential collision risk and mortality estimates were calculated for twelve selected species of waterbird (seven waders and five waterfowl) based on a relatively high proportion of birds occurring within the regional SPAs close to the proposed Hornsea Project One wind farm development. The migratory paths of all twelve species (including lapwing, shelduck and knot) also overlap with the Dogger Bank Zone and therefore potential cumulative impacts on migratory populations could occur. Collision losses for migratory shelduck and knot from the Inch Cape project were also identified. For the other projects considered, only two species (barnacle goose and common scoter) had migratory paths that overlapped with the Dogger Bank Zone. For all species for which migration zones overlap with the development area and other project areas it is calculated that on an annual basis the potential mortality associated with collision risk would represent less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations. See Table 7.38 and Section 7.8 in Appendix B of the HRA Report.






Identified impact



Article 4.2 (passage) – Ringed plover. Article 4.2 (wintering) – Knot and redshank. Article 4.2 (wintering assemblage) – Sanderling, lapwing, shelduck, redshank, and knot. (continued from above)









Identified impact


Teesmouth and Cleveland Coast Ramsar

Breeding – Little tern. Passage - Common greenshank, common redshank, northern shoveler, and sandwich tern. Wintering assemblage and species - Red knot.

Disturbance (noise and visual)

As for the Teesmouth and Cleveland Coast SPA. No adverse effect on integrity

Disturbance to foraging behaviour (terns)




Passage – Common greenshank, common redshank, and northern shoveler. Wintering assemblage and species - Red knot.

Collision risk As for the Teesmouth and Cleveland Coast SPA. No adverse effect on integrity

Barrier effects As for the Teesmouth and Cleveland Coast SPA. No adverse effect on integrity





Identified impact


Thames Estuary and Marshes SPA

Article 4.1 (wintering) – Hen harrier. Article 4.2 (passage) – Ringed plover. Article 4.2 (wintering) – Black-tailed godwit, dunlin, grey plover, knot, redshank, and ringed plover. Article 4.2 (wintering assemblage) – Black-tailed godwit, dunlin, gadwall, grey plover, hen harrier, lapwing, pintail, redshank, ringed plover, shelduck, shoveler, and whimbrel.



In combination – collision risk estimates for migratory species were available for six other projects (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report), including Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D. For Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D the collision risk is likely to represent significantly less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). For Hornsea Project One, potential collision risk and mortality estimates were calculated for twelve selected species of waterbird (seven waders and five waterfowl) based on a relatively high proportion of birds occurring within the regional SPAs close to the proposed Hornsea Project One wind farm development. The migratory paths of all twelve species (including black-tailed godwit, grey plover, lapwing and shelduck) also overlap with the Dogger Bank Zone and therefore potential cumulative impacts on migratory populations could occur. For the other projects considered, only two species (barnacle goose and common scoter) had migratory paths that overlapped with the Dogger Bank Zone. Collision losses for migratory shelduck from the Inch Cape project were also identified. For all species for which migration zones overlap with the development area and other project areas it is calculated that on an annual basis the potential mortality associated with collision risk would represent less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations. See Table 7.38 and Section 7.8 in Appendix B of the HRA Report.






Identified impact


Thames Estuary and Marshes SPA (continued from above)

Article 4.1 (wintering) – Hen harrier. Article 4.2 (passage) – Ringed plover. Article 4.2 (wintering) – Black-tailed godwit, dunlin, grey plover, knot, redshank, and ringed plover. Article 4.2 (wintering assemblage) – Black-tailed godwit, dunlin, gadwall, grey plover, hen harrier, lapwing, pintail, redshank, ringed plover, shelduck, shoveler, and whimbrel. (continued from above)





Thames Estuary and Marshes Ramsar

Passage assemblage and species – Black-tailed godwit, common greenshank, common ringed plover, and ruff. Wintering assemblage and species - Common redshank, common shelduck, dunlin, gadwall, grey plover, northern shoveler, and red knot.

Collision risk As for the Thames Estuary and Marshes SPA. No adverse effect on integrity

Barrier effects As for the Thames Estuary and Marshes SPA. No adverse effect on integrity





Identified impact


Thanet Coast and Sandwich Bay SPA

Article 4.2 (wintering) – Turnstone.





Barrier effects Project alone – for migratory turnstone the percentage of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland population estimated to pass through the project areas at risk height (following Wright et al. (2012)) and thus exposed to potential barrier effects was 0.79% (see Table 6.25 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). The shortest approximately east-west route across the North Sea passing through the project, equates to an increase of 4% on the ca. 575km route in order for birds to circumvent the project area. For all other routes, the potential percentage increase in the migration route would be less than 4%. Based on the small percentage of the migrating turnstone population likely to be involved and the relatively small increase in flight distance that Dogger Bank Teesside A & B could exert it is concluded that the potential barrier posed by wind farm development would be unlikely to have a detrimental impact upon the energetics of migratory turnstone such that an effect at either the population or individual protected site level would arise (see Section 6.6 in Appendix B of the HRA Report).


In combination (with Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B and Teesside C & D only) - for migratory turnstone the percentage of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland population exposed to potential barrier effects is calculated as 1.20% (see Table 7.39 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). Conclusions as above for project alone.






Identified impact


Thanet Coast and Sandwich Bay Ramsar

Wintering – Ruddy turnstone.

Collision risk As for the Thanet Coast and Sandwich Bay SPA. No adverse effect on integrity

Barrier effect As for the Thanet Coast and Sandwich Bay SPA. No adverse effect on integrity

The Dee Estuary SPA

Article 4.1 (wintering) – Bar-tailed godwit. Article 4.2 (passage) – Redshank. Article 4.2 (wintering) - Bar-tailed godwit, black-tailed godwit, curlew, dunlin, grey plover, knot, oystercatcher, pintail, redshank, shelduck, and teal. Article 4.2 (wintering assemblage) - Bar-tailed godwit, black-tailed godwit, curlew, dunlin, grey plover, knot, lapwing, mallard, oystercatcher, pintail, redshank, sanderling, shelduck, teal, and wigeon.



In combination – collision risk estimates for migratory species were available for six other projects (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report), including Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D. For Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D the collision risk is likely to represent significantly less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). For Hornsea Project One, potential collision risk and mortality estimates were calculated for twelve selected species of waterbird (seven waders and five waterfowl) based on a relatively high proportion of birds occurring within the regional SPAs close to the proposed Hornsea Project One wind farm development. The migratory paths of all twelve species (including black-tailed godwit, grey plover, knot and shelduck) also overlap with the Dogger Bank Zone and therefore potential cumulative impacts on migratory populations could occur. Collision losses for migratory curlew, knot, oystercatcher and shelduck from the Inch Cape project were also identified. For the other projects considered, only two species (barnacle goose and common scoter) had migratory paths that overlapped with the Dogger Bank Zone. For all species for which migration zones overlap with the development area and other project areas it is calculated that on an annual basis the potential mortality associated with collision risk would represent less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations. See Table 7.38 and Section 7.8 in Appendix B of the HRA Report.






Identified impact


The Dee Estuary SPA (continued from above)

Article 4.1 (wintering) – Bar-tailed godwit. Article 4.2 (passage) – Redshank. Article 4.2 (wintering) - Bar-tailed godwit, black-tailed godwit, curlew, dunlin, grey plover, knot, oystercatcher, pintail, redshank, shelduck, and teal. Article 4.2 (wintering assemblage) - Bar-tailed godwit, black-tailed godwit, curlew, dunlin, grey plover, knot, lapwing, mallard, oystercatcher, pintail, redshank, sanderling, shelduck, teal, and wigeon. (continued from above)









Identified impact


The Dee Estuary Ramsar

Passage - Common redshank. Wintering assemblage and species - Bar-tailed godwit, black-tailed godwit, common redshank, common shelduck, dunlin, Eurasian curlew, Eurasian oystercatcher, Eurasian teal, Eurasian wigeon, great-crested grebe, grey plover, northern pintail, red knot, and sanderling.

Collision risk As for Dee Estuary SPA. No adverse effect on integrity

Barrier effects As for Dee Estuary SPA. No adverse effect on integrity





Identified impact


The Swale SPA Article 4.1 (wintering) – Bar-tailed godwit, golden plover, and hen harrier. Article 4.2 (passage) – Ringed plover. Article 4.2 (wintering) – Black-tailed godwit, grey plover, knot, pintail, redshank, and shoveler Article 4.2 (wintering assemblage) – Bar-tailed godwit, black-tailed godwit, curlew, dunlin, gadwall, golden plover, grey plover, hen harrier, knot, lapwing, oystercatcher, pintail, redshank, shelduck, shoveler, teal, and wigeon.



In combination – collision risk estimates for migratory species were available for six other projects (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report), including Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D. For Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D the collision risk is likely to represent significantly less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). For Hornsea Project One, potential collision risk and mortality estimates were calculated for twelve selected species of waterbird (seven waders and five waterfowl) based on a relatively high proportion of birds occurring within the regional SPAs close to the proposed Hornsea Project One wind farm development. The migratory paths of all twelve species (including black-tailed godwit, golden plover, grey plover, knot, lapwing, shelduck and wigeon) also overlap with the Dogger Bank Zone and therefore potential cumulative impacts on migratory populations could occur. For the other projects considered, only two species (barnacle goose and common scoter) had migratory paths that overlapped with the Dogger Bank Zone. Collision losses for migratory curlew, golden plover, knot and shelduck from the Inch Cape project were also identified. For all species for which migration zones overlap with the development area and other project areas it is calculated that on an annual basis the potential mortality associated with collision risk would represent less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations. See Table 7.38 and Section 7.8 in Appendix B of the HRA Report.






Identified impact


The Swale SPA (continued from above)

Article 4.1 (wintering) – Bar-tailed godwit, golden plover, and hen harrier. Article 4.2 (passage) – Ringed plover. Article 4.2 (wintering) – Black-tailed godwit, grey plover, knot, pintail, redshank, and shoveler Article 4.2 (wintering assemblage) – Bar-tailed godwit, black-tailed godwit, curlew, dunlin, gadwall, golden plover, grey plover, hen harrier, knot, lapwing, oystercatcher, pintail, redshank, shelduck, shoveler, teal, and wigeon. (continued from above)









Identified impact


The Swale Ramsar

Passage assemblage and species – Common greenshank, common redshank, common ringed plover, Eurasian curlew, and whimbrel. Wintering assemblage and species - Black-tailed godwit, common shelduck, dunlin, Eurasian oystercatcher, Eurasian teal, Eurasian wigeon, golden plover, grey plover, northern lapwing, northern pintail, northern shoveler, red knot, and ruff.

Collision risk As for The Swale SPA. No adverse effect on integrity

Barrier effects As for The Swale SPA. No adverse effect on integrity





Identified impact


The Wash SPA Article 4.1 (wintering) – Bar-tailed godwit and golden plover. Article 4.2 (passage) – Ringed plover and sanderling. Article 4.2 (wintering) – Black-tailed godwit, curlew, dunlin, grey plover, knot, oystercatcher, pintail, redshank, shelduck, and turnstone. Article 4.2 (wintering assemblage) – Bar-tailed godwit, black-tailed godwit, curlew, dunlin, golden plover, grey plover, knot, lapwing, mallard, oystercatcher, pintail, redshank, ringed plover, sanderling, shelduck, turnstone, whimbrel, and wigeon.



In combination – collision risk estimates for migratory species were available for six other projects (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report), including Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D. For Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D the collision risk is likely to represent significantly less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). For Hornsea Project One, potential collision risk and mortality estimates were calculated for twelve selected species of waterbird (seven waders and five waterfowl) based on a relatively high proportion of birds occurring within the regional SPAs close to the proposed Hornsea Project One wind farm development. The migratory paths of all twelve species (including black-tailed godwit, golden plover, grey plover, knot, lapwing and shelduck) also overlap with the Dogger Bank Zone and therefore potential cumulative impacts on migratory populations could occur. Collision losses for migratory curlew, golden plover, knot and shelduck from the Inch Cape project were also identified. For the other projects considered, only two species (barnacle goose and common scoter) had migratory paths that overlapped with the Dogger Bank Zone. For all species for which migration zones overlap with the development area and other project areas it is calculated that on an annual basis the potential mortality associated with collision risk would represent less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations. See Table 7.38 and Section 7.8 in Appendix B of the HRA Report.






Identified impact


The Wash SPA (continued from above)

Article 4.1 (wintering) – Bar-tailed godwit and golden plover. Article 4.2 (passage) – Ringed plover and sanderling. Article 4.2 (wintering) – Black-tailed godwit, curlew, dunlin, grey plover, knot, oystercatcher, pintail, redshank, shelduck, and turnstone. Article 4.2 (wintering assemblage) – Bar-tailed godwit, black-tailed godwit, curlew, dunlin, golden plover, grey plover, knot, lapwing, mallard, oystercatcher, pintail, redshank, ringed plover, sanderling, shelduck, turnstone, whimbrel, and wigeon. (continued from above)









Identified impact


The Wash Ramsar






Collision risk Project alone – specific collision mortality for this Ramsar site is not calculated. However, Dogger Bank Teesside A & B is outside the maximum foraging range of any protected sites designated for breeding populations of this species. The calculated annual collision estimate for all lesser black-backed gull therefore relates to non-breeding birds. The calculated maximum of the non-breeding population affected by collision and attributable to any individual SPA is 0.01% (see Table A9.36d in Appendix 9 of Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES). This predicted magnitude of impact is considered to be negligible and not significant in relation to the Ramsar’s lesser black-backed gull population.


In combination - specific collision mortality for this Ramsar site is not calculated. Table 7.29 shows that a total of 2,536 annual collision losses are predicted for lesser black-backed gull from the projects screened into the in-combination assessment. The very small collision loss of non-breeding birds attributed to this SPA from Dogger Bank Teesside A & B alone (see above) indicates that any contribution of lesser black-backed gull collision losses during the operation of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B wind farm would be non-significant.


Barrier effects Project alone - Dogger Bank Teesside A & B is located beyond the mean maximum foraging range of lesser black-backed gull and therefore no birds from this Ramsar site would be expected to occur in the area during the breeding season. No barrier effect is therefore predicted.







Identified impact


The Wash Ramsar (continued from above)

Passage assemblage and species - Black-tailed godwit, common greenshank, common redshank, common ringed plover, Eurasian curlew, Eurasian oystercatcher, grey plover, lesser black-backed gull, red knot, ruddy turnstone, ruff, sanderling, and whimbrel. Wintering assemblage and species - Bar-tailed godwit, bean goose, common scoter, common shelduck, dunlin, European golden plover, northern lapwing, and northern pintail.

Collision risk As for The Wash SPA. No adverse effect on integrity

Barrier effects As for The Wash SPA. No adverse effect on integrity





Identified impact


Troup, Pennan And Lion’s Heads SPA

Article 4.1 (breeding) – Common guillemot. Article 4.2 (breeding assemblage) – Northern fulmar, black-legged kittiwake, common guillemot, and razorbill.




















Identified impact


Troup, Pennan And Lion’s Heads SPA (continued from above)

Article 4.1 (breeding) – Common guillemot. Article 4.2 (breeding assemblage) – Northern fulmar, black-legged kittiwake, common guillemot, and razorbill. (continued from above)















Identified impact















Identified impact







In combination – predictions of the numbers of razorbill potentially displaced were available for 16 other projects (see Table 7.20 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). The cumulative number of birds estimated to be displaced across these projects was 17,962. A combined total of 743 birds are predicted to be lost through mortality following displacement from the projects considered in the assessment (see Table 7.25 in Appendix B of the HRA Report. Apportioning of the affected birds to individual SPAs is presented in Table 7.26 in Appendix B of the HRA Report. For Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D the calculated cumulative loss is 7.5 non-breeding birds representing 0.14% of the SPA population (see Table A9.59d in Appendix 9 in Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES). No other projects apportioned displacement mortalities to this SPA. This predicted magnitude of impact is not considered to be significant at the population level.






Identified impact

















Identified impact


Upper Solway Flats and Marshes SPA

Article 4.1 (wintering) – Bar-tailed godwit, barnacle goose, and golden plover. Article 4.2 (wintering) – Curlew, dunlin, knot, oystercatcher, pintail, and redshank. Article 4.2 (wintering assemblage) - Bar-tailed godwit, barnacle goose, curlew, dunlin, golden plover, goldeneye, great-crested grebe, grey plover, knot, lapwing, mallard, oystercatcher, pintail, redshank, scaup, and shelduck.



In combination – collision risk estimates for migratory species were available for six other projects (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report), including Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D. For Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D the collision risk is likely to represent significantly less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). For Hornsea Project One, potential collision risk and mortality estimates were calculated for twelve selected species of waterbird (seven waders and five waterfowl) based on a relatively high proportion of birds occurring within the regional SPAs close to the proposed Hornsea Project One wind farm development. The migratory paths of all twelve species (including golden plover, grey plover, knot, lapwing and shelduck) also overlap with the Dogger Bank Zone and therefore potential cumulative impacts on migratory populations could occur. Collision losses for migratory curlew, golden plover, goldeneye, knot and shelduck from the Inch Cape project were also identified. For the other projects considered, only two species (barnacle goose and common scoter) had migratory paths that overlapped with the Dogger Bank Zone. For all species for which migration zones overlap with the development area and other project areas it is calculated that on an annual basis the potential mortality associated with collision risk would represent less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations. See Table 7.38 and Section 7.8 in Appendix B of the HRA Report.






Identified impact


Upper Solway Flats and Marshes SPA (continued from above)

Article 4.1 (wintering) – Bar-tailed godwit, barnacle goose, and golden plover. Article 4.2 (wintering) – Curlew, dunlin, knot, oystercatcher, pintail, and redshank. Article 4.2 (wintering assemblage) - Bar-tailed godwit, barnacle goose, curlew, dunlin, golden plover, goldeneye, great-crested grebe, grey plover, knot, lapwing, mallard, oystercatcher, pintail, redshank, scaup, and shelduck. (continued from above)









Identified impact


Upper Solway Flats and Marshes Ramsar

Passage assemblage and species - Common greenshank, common shelduck, Eurasian oystercatcher, grey plover, ruff, sanderling, and whimbrel. Wintering assemblage and species - Bar-tailed godwit, barnacle goose, common redshank, dunlin, Eurasian curlew, European golden plover, great-crested grebe, greater scaup, northern pintail, and red knot.

Collision risk As for the Upper Solway Flats and Marshes SPA. No adverse effect on integrity

Barrier effects As for the Upper Solway Flats and Marshes SPA. No adverse effect on integrity





Identified impact


West Westray SPA

Article 4.2 (breeding) – Common guillemot. Article 4.2 (breeding assemblage) – Northern fulmar, black-legged kittiwake, Arctic skua, common guillemot, and razorbill.
























Identified impact


West Westray SPA (continued from above)

Article 4.2 (breeding) – Common guillemot. Article 4.2 (breeding assemblage) – Northern fulmar, black-legged kittiwake, Arctic skua, common guillemot, and razorbill. (continued from above)














Identified impact






















Identified impact














Project alone - based on mean data, disturbance and displacement analysis (50% displacement rate) undertaken provides a figure of 1,804 displaced birds (186 during breeding months, 1,618 during other months of the year). A precautionary mortality rate of 5% has been assigned to this species based on knowledge of the foraging ecology of this species and the magnitude of the habitat loss that could occur as a result of displacement from within the site of the operational wind farm development. Therefore, in total the mortality of 49 birds (5 during the breeding season) across all of the SPAs in the greater North Sea region (see Tables A9.42a-d in Appendix 9 of Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES) is predicted. Dogger Bank Teesside A & B is located outside the maximum foraging range of razorbill that could derive from this SPA. Through attribution of the displacement impact it is estimated that 0.7 of a non-breeding bird from this SPA would be affected, representing 0.04% of the SPA population (see Table A9.42d in Appendix 9 in Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES). This predicted magnitude of impact is not considered to be significant at the population level.






Identified impact





In combination – predictions of the numbers of razorbill potentially displaced were available for 16 other projects (see Table 7.20 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). The cumulative number of birds estimated to be displaced across these projects was 17,962. A combined total of 743 birds are predicted to be lost through mortality following displacement from the projects considered in the assessment (see Table 7.25 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). Apportioning of the affected birds to individual SPAs is presented in Table 7.26 in Appendix B of the HRA Report. For Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D the calculated cumulative loss is 2.8 non-breeding birds representing 0.14% of the SPA population (see Table A9.59d in Appendix 9 in Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES). No other projects apportioned displacement mortalities to this SPA. This predicted magnitude of impact is not considered to be significant at the population level.















Identified impact


Ythan Estuary, Sands of Forvie and Meikle Loch SPA

Article 4.2 (wintering assemblage) – Lapwing and redshank.



In combination – collision risk estimates for migratory species were available for six other projects (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report), including Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D. For Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D the collision risk is likely to represent significantly less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). For Hornsea Project One, potential collision risk and mortality estimates were calculated for twelve selected species of waterbird (seven waders and five waterfowl) based on a relatively high proportion of birds occurring within the regional SPAs close to the proposed Hornsea Project One wind farm development. The migratory paths of all twelve species (including lapwing) also overlap with the Dogger Bank Zone and therefore potential cumulative impacts on migratory populations could occur. For the other projects considered, only two species (barnacle goose and common scoter) had migratory paths that overlapped with the Dogger Bank Zone. For all species for which migration zones overlap with the development area and other project areas it is calculated that on an annual basis the potential mortality associated with collision risk would represent less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations. See Table 7.38 and Section 7.8 in Appendix B of the HRA Report.






Identified impact


Ythan Estuary, Sands of Forvie and Meikle Loch SPA (continued from above)

Article 4.2 (wintering assemblage) – Lapwing and redshank (continued from above)

Barrier effects Project alone – for migratory lapwing and redshank the percentage of their Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland population estimated to pass through the project areas at risk height (following Wright et al. (2012)) and thus exposed to potential barrier effects was 1.70% and 1.84% respectively (see Table 6.25 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). The shortest approximately east-west route across the North Sea passing through the project, equates to an increase of 4% on the ca. 575km route in order for birds to circumvent the project area. For all other routes, the potential percentage increase in the migration route would be less than 4%. Based on the small percentage of their migrating populations likely to be involved and the relatively small increase in flight distance that Dogger Bank Teesside A & B could exert it is concluded that the potential barrier posed by wind farm development would be unlikely to have a detrimental impact upon the energetics of these migratory birds such that an effect at either the population or individual protected site level would arise (see Section 6.6 in Appendix B of the HRA Report).


In combination (with Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D only) - for these migratory species the percentages of Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations exposed to potential barrier effects are calculated as 1.15% to 2.79% (see Table 7.39 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). Conclusions as above for project alone.


Ythan Estuary, Sands of Forvie and Meikle Loch Ramsar

Wintering – Common redshank.

Collision risk As for the Ythan Estuary and Sands of Forvie and Meikle Loch SPA. No adverse effect on integrity

Barrier effects As for the Ythan Estuary and Sands of Forvie and Meikle Loch SPA. No adverse effect on integrity



Table E2 Summary of appropriate assessment outcomes for SPAs and Ramsar sites in Belgium



Identified impact


Het Zwin SPA Passage and wintering species – Black-tailed godwit, common shelduck, curlew, Eurasian coot, Eurasian teal, Eurasian wigeon, European golden plover, gadwall, great bittern, great-crested grebe, honey buzzard, northern pintail, northern shoveler, sanderling, short-eared owl, Slavonian grebe, and whimbrel.

Collision risk Project alone – the migration routes and information presented in Wright et al. (2012) demonstrate that for many species there is significant movement of migratory birds across the North Sea and between continental sites and the UK. Birds on passage and wintering at SPAs in Belgium will arrive via continental routes (e.g. Western Russia) or cross the North Sea directly via Scandinavia or via stopovers at SPAs in the UK. For all species for which migration zones overlap with the development area it is calculated that on an annual basis the potential mortality associated with collision risk is likely to represent significantly less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland population - see Section 6.6 and Table 6.28 in Appendix B of the HRA Report. Based on this analysis, the potential relative impact to the wider flyway population passing across the North Sea (and onwards to protected sites in Belgium and further south) would be no greater in percentage terms than that predicted for the GB populations (which form a component of the migratory populations passing across the North Sea). Detrimental impacts at migratory population or individual designated site levels are therefore considered highly unlikely to arise.






Identified impact


Het Zwin SPA (continued from above)

Passage and wintering species – Black-tailed godwit, common shelduck, curlew, Eurasian coot, Eurasian teal, Eurasian wigeon, European golden plover, gadwall, great bittern, great-crested grebe, honey buzzard, northern pintail, northern shoveler, sanderling, short-eared owl, Slavonian grebe, and whimbrel. (continued from above)

Collision risk (continued from above)

In combination - see comments and conclusions for project alone above. Collision risk estimates for migratory species were available for six other projects (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report), including Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D. For Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D the collision risk is likely to represent significantly less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). For Hornsea Project One, potential collision risk and mortality estimates were calculated for twelve selected species of waterbird (seven waders and five waterfowl) based on a relatively high proportion of birds occurring within the regional SPAs close to the proposed Hornsea Project One wind farm development. The migratory paths of all twelve species (including black-tailed godwit, golden plover, shelduck and wigeon) also overlap with the Dogger Bank Zone and therefore potential cumulative impacts on migratory populations could occur. Collision losses for migratory golden plover and shelduck from the Inch Cape project were also identified. For the other projects considered, only two species (barnacle goose and common scoter) had migratory paths that overlapped with the Dogger Bank Zone. For all species for which migration zones overlap with the development area it is calculated that on an annual basis the potential mortality associated with collision risk would represent less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). A similar level of impact would therefore be expected at the flyway population level. Detrimental impacts at migratory population or individual designated site levels are therefore considered highly unlikely to arise.






Identified impact


Het Zwin SPA (continued from above)

Passage and wintering species – Black-tailed godwit, common shelduck, curlew, Eurasian coot, Eurasian teal, Eurasian wigeon, European golden plover, gadwall, great bittern, great-crested grebe, honey buzzard, northern pintail, northern shoveler, sanderling, short-eared owl, Slavonian grebe, and whimbrel. (continued from above)

Barrier effects Project alone – for continental SPA and Ramsar sites, wind farm development on the Dogger Bank would be unlikely to influence migratory movements. For some birds wintering at Belgian SPAs migratory movements will be via Scandinavia and western Russia and their migratory routes would not impinge upon the Dogger Bank. For birds crossing the North Sea to reach wintering sites in Belgium, deviation around the wind farm, would represent less than 4% of the route across the North Sea (see Section 6.6 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). Additionally, birds could increase flight height in order to avoid the windfarm and any potential increase in energetic costs that deviation might present. Consequently, it is concluded that the potential barrier posed by wind farm development would be unlikely to have a detrimental impact upon the energetics of these migratory birds such that an effect at either the population or individual protected site level would arise.


In combination (Dogger Bank projects only – see Section 7.8 in Appendix B of the HRA Report) - conclusions as above for project alone.






Identified impact


Uitbreiding Trapegeer-Stroombank SCI (Vlaamse Banken SCI)

Breeding – lesser black-backed gull







Project alone - specific collision mortality for this SCI is not calculated. However, Dogger Bank Teesside A & B is outside the maximum foraging range of any protected sites designated for breeding populations of this species. The calculated annual collision estimate for all lesser black-backed gull therefore relates to non-breeding birds. The calculated maximum of the non-breeding population affected by collision and attributable to any individual SPA (or SCI) is 0.01% (see Table A9.36d in Appendix 9 of Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES). This predicted magnitude of impact is considered to be negligible and not significant in relation to the SCI’s lesser black-backed gull population.


In combination - specific collision mortality for this SCI is not calculated. However, the very small collision loss attributed to any SPA, SCI, and/or Ramsar site from Dogger Bank Teesside A & B alone (see above) indicates that any contribution of lesser black-backed gull collision losses during the operation of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B wind farm would be non-significant. Therefore, no in-combination impact would arise.





In combination - as above for project alone. No adverse effect on integrity.





Identified impact


Uitbreiding Trapegeer-Stroombank SCI (Vlaamse Banken SCI) (continued from above)

Wintering – Common scoter.

Collision risk Common scoter

Project alone – it is calculated that on an annual basis the potential mortality associated with collision risk is 0.06 common scoter, which represents significantly less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland population (see Section 6.6 and Table 6.28 in Appendix B of the HRA Report. Based on this, the potential relative impact to the wider flyway population would be no greater in percentage terms than that predicted for the GB populations (which form a component of the migratory populations passing across the North Sea). Detrimental impacts at migratory population or individual designated site levels are therefore considered highly unlikely to arise.


Collision risk Common scoter (continued from above)

In combination - see comments and conclusions for project alone above. Collision risk estimates for migratory species were available for six other projects (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report), including Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, Dogger Bank Teesside C & D, Hornsea Project One, and Inch Cape. For all projects the collision risk is predicted to result in 0.19 common scoter collisions annually, which represents significantly less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). No collisions were identified for Hornsea Project One. A similar level of impact would therefore be expected at the flyway population level. Detrimental impacts at migratory population or individual designated site levels are therefore considered highly unlikely to arise.






Identified impact


Uitbreiding Trapegeer-Stroombank SCI (Vlaamse Banken SCI) (continued from above)

Wintering – Common scoter. (continued from above)

Barrier effects Common scoter

Project alone – for migratory (wintering) common scoter the percentage of the national population estimated to pass through the project areas at risk height (following Wright et al. (2012)) and thus exposed to potential barrier effects was 0.03% (see Table 6.25 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). For continental SPA and Ramsar sites, wind farm development on the Dogger Bank would be unlikely to influence migratory movements of common scoter. For birds crossing the North Sea to reach wintering sites in Belgium, deviation around the wind farm, would represent less than 4% of the route across the North Sea (see Section 6.6 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). Additionally, birds could increase flight height in order to avoid the windfarm and any potential increase in energetic costs that deviation might present. Consequently, it is concluded that the potential barrier posed by wind farm development would be unlikely to have a detrimental impact upon the energetics of the very small population of common scoter passing through the project area such that an effect at either the population or individual protected site level would arise.


In combination (Dogger Bank projects only – see Section 7.8 and Table 7.39 in Appendix B of the HRA Report) – 0.05% of the common scoter population may pass through the project area, therefore conclusions as above for project alone.






Identified impact


ZPS 1 SPA Wintering - Common scoter and great-crested grebe.

Collision risk Project alone – the migration routes and information presented in Wright et al. (2012) demonstrate that for many species there is significant movement of migratory birds across the North Sea and between continental sites and the UK. Birds on passage and wintering at SPAs in Belgium will arrive via continental routes (e.g. Western Russia) or cross the North Sea directly via Scandinavia or via stopovers at SPAs in the UK. For all species for which migration zones overlap with the development area it is calculated that on an annual basis the potential mortality associated with collision risk is likely to represent significantly less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland population, or 0.06 common scoter collisions and 0.13 great-crested grebe collisions annually (see Section 6.6 and Table 6.28 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). Based on this analysis, the potential relative impact to the wider flyway population passing across the North Sea (and onwards to protected sites in Belgium and further south) would be no greater in percentage terms than that predicted for the GB populations (which form a component of the migratory populations passing across the North Sea). Detrimental impacts at migratory population or individual designated site levels are therefore considered highly unlikely to arise.


In combination - see comments and conclusions for project alone above. Collision risk estimates for migratory species were available for six other projects (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report), including Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, Dogger Bank Teesside C & D, Hornsea Project One, and Inch Cape. For all projects the collision risk is likely to represent significantly less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations, or 0.19 common scoter and 0.53 great-crested grebe collisions annually (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). No other projects identified any potential collision risk for migratory populations of these species. A similar level of impact would be expected at the flyway population level. Detrimental impacts at migratory population or individual designated site levels are therefore considered highly unlikely to arise.






Identified impact


ZPS 1 SPA (continued from above)

Wintering - Common scoter and great-crested grebe. (continued from above)

Barrier effects Project alone – for migratory (wintering) common scoter and great-crested grebe the percentage of the national populations estimated to pass through the project areas at risk height (following Wright et al. (2012)) and thus exposed to potential barrier effects was 0.03% and 0.35% respectively (see Table 6.25 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). For continental SPA and Ramsar sites, wind farm development on the Dogger Bank would be unlikely to influence migratory movements. For some birds wintering at Belgian SPAs migratory movements will be via Scandinavia and western Russia and their migratory routes would not impinge upon the Dogger Bank. For birds crossing the North Sea to reach wintering sites in Belgium, deviation around the wind farm, would represent less than 4% of the route across the North Sea (see Section 6.6 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). Additionally, birds could increase flight height in order to avoid the windfarm and any potential increase in energetic costs that deviation might present. Consequently, it is concluded that the potential barrier posed by wind farm development would be unlikely to have a detrimental impact upon the energetics of these migratory birds such that an effect at either the population or individual protected site level would arise.


In combination (Dogger Bank projects only – see Section 7.8 and Table 7.39 in Appendix B of the HRA Report) - the percentage of the national populations estimated to pass through all project areas at risk height and thus exposed to potential barrier effects was 0.05% for common scoter and 0.69% for great-crested grebe, therefore conclusions as above for project alone.


ZPS 2 SPA Wintering - Common scoter and great-crested grebe.

Collision risk Barrier effects

Project alone - as above for ZPS 1 SPA. No adverse effect on integrity

In combination - as above for ZPS 1 SPA. No adverse effect on integrity

ZPS 3 SPA Wintering - Great-crested grebe.

Collision risk Barrier effects

Project alone - as above for ZPS 1 SPA. No adverse effect on integrity

In combination - as above for ZPS 1 SPA. No adverse effect on integrity



Table E3 Summary of appropriate assessment outcomes for SPAs and Ramsar sites in Denmark



Identified impact


Agger Tange SPA Alborg Bugt, nordlige del SPA Ålborg Bugt, østlige del SPA Draby Vig SPA Fano SPA Filso Ramsar Filso SPA Glomstrup Vig, Agero, Munkholm og Katholm Odde, Lindholm og Rotholme SPA Harboøre Tange, Plet Enge og Gjeller Sø SPA Horsens Fjord og Endelave SPA Horsens Fjord og Endelave Ramsar Continues below.

Passage and wintering waterbirds, including wigeon.

Collision risk Project alone – the migration routes and information presented in Wright et al. (2012) demonstrate that for many species there is significant movement of migratory birds between continental sites and the UK. The majority of migratory birds on passage and wintering at SPAs in Denmark will arrive via routes that would not impinge upon the Dogger Bank Zone – e.g. via Western Russia or Scandinavia. Unless there is onward movement of these birds to the UK across the central and northern sectors of the North Sea, then no potential collision risk would arise. However, given interchange and/or onward movement of birds to the UK, part of the populations that are present at these continental sites could be affected by collision. As such, the results of the migrant collision analysis in respect of the percentage of the GB and Ireland population also apply to continental SPAs that form staging posts for onward migration to the UK or sites used by birds on return migration from the UK. Fewer birds are likely to arrive from the north-west from Iceland, the majority of which overwinter in the UK. For all species for which migration zones overlap with the development area it is calculated that on an annual basis the potential mortality associated with collision risk is likely to represent significantly less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland population (i.e. prior to apportioning to individual SPAs) - see Section 6.6 and Table 6.28 in Appendix B of the HRA Report. Based on this, impacts at migratory population or individual designated site levels are considered highly unlikely.






Identified impact


(continued from above) Kysing Fjorde SPA Kysten fra Aggersund til Bygholm Vejle SPA Laeso, sydlige del SPA Løgstør Bredning, Livø, Feggesund og Skarrehage SPA Magerodde og Karby Odde SPA Mandø SPA Nissum Bredning SPA Nissum Bredning with Harboore & Agger Tange Ramsar Nissum Fjord SPA Nissum Fjord Ramsar Continues below.

Passage and wintering waterbirds, including wigeon. (continued from above)


In combination - see comments and conclusions for project alone above. Collision risk estimates for migratory species were available for six other projects (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report), including Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D. For Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D the collision risk is likely to represent significantly less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). For Hornsea Project One, potential collision risk and mortality estimates were calculated for twelve selected species of waterbird (seven waders and five waterfowl) based on a relatively high proportion of birds occurring within the regional SPAs close to the proposed Hornsea Project One wind farm development. The migratory paths of all twelve species also overlap with the Dogger Bank Zone and therefore potential cumulative impacts on migratory populations could occur. Collision losses for migratory common scoter, golden plover, goldeneye, tufted duck, oystercatcher, knot, curlew and shelduck from the Inch Cape project were also identified. For the other projects considered, only two species (barnacle goose and common scoter) had migratory paths that overlapped with the Dogger Bank Zone. For all species for which migration zones overlap with the development area and other project areas it is calculated that on an annual basis the potential mortality associated with collision risk would represent less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report).






Identified impact


(continued from above) Østlige Vejler SPA Ovesø SPA Randers og Mariager Fjorde og Alborg Bugt, sydlige del SPA Ringkøbing Fjord SPA Ringkøbing Fjord Ramsar Rømø SPA Sejrø Bugt og Nekselø SPA Sejrø Bugt, Nekselø Bugt and Saltbaek Vig Ramsar Skallingen og Langli SPA Continues below.


(continued from above)

Barrier effects Project alone – for continental SPA and Ramsar sites, wind farm development on the Dogger Bank would be unlikely to influence migratory movements. Birds wintering at Danish SPAs will more than likely derive from the Arctic (via Scandinavia), Scandinavia and western Russia and their migratory routes would not impinge upon the Dogger Bank. Birds undertaking onward movements from staging sites in the Denmark are effectively included in the GB and GB and Ireland populations, for which exposure to barrier effects has been assessed. As the majority of onward migratory movements to the UK from sites in Denmark will be over the southern North Sea, the potential for route overlap with the Dogger Bank is considered to be low. The percentages of Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations exposed to potential barrier effects were less than 1% for most species considered, but greater than 1% for 17 species’ populations (see Table 6.25 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). For the few birds migrating to sites from the north west (e.g. from Iceland), the potential barrier formed by the wind farm development would, if birds were to deviate around the wind farm, represent less than 4% of the route across the North Sea (see Section 6.6 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). Additionally, birds could increase flight height in order to avoid the windfarm and any potential increase in energetic costs that deviation might present. Consequently, it is concluded that the potential barrier posed by wind farm development would be unlikely to have a detrimental impact upon the energetics of these migratory birds such that an effect at either the population or individual protected site level would arise.


In combination (Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, and Teesside C & D only – see Section 7.8 in Appendix B of the HRA Report) - for migratory species the percentages of Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations exposed to potential barrier effects are calculated as 0.02% to 4.51% (see Table 7.39 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). Comments and conclusions as above for project alone.






Identified impact


(continued from above) Stadil and Veststadil Fjords Ramsar Stadil Fjord og Vest Stadil Fjord SPA Stavns Fjord SPA Stavns Fjord and adjacent waters Ramsar Sydlige Nordsø SPA Vadehavet Ramsar Vadehavet SPA Venø, Venø Sund SPA Vestlige Vejler, Arup Holm og Hovsør Røn SPA

Vidaen, Tøndermarsken og Saltvandssøen SPA


(continued from above)

See above. See above. No adverse effect on integrity



Table E4 Summary of appropriate assessment outcomes for SPAs and Ramsar sites in France



Identified impact


Baie de Morlaix SPA

Breeding - Lesser black-backed gull, great-black backed gull and Atlantic puffin.







Project alone – using an avoidance rate of 98% an annual collision total of 33 birds, based on a mean of survey data, was attributed to the suite of SPAs. Dogger Bank Teesside A & B is outside the mean maximum foraging range of any protected sites designated for breeding populations of this species. Apportioning of the annual collision estimate therefore relates to non-breeding birds, with a loss of <0.1 of a bird apportioned to this SPA (0.01% of the SPA population and an increase in background mortality of 0.12%) – see Table A9.36d in Appendix 9 of Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES. This predicted magnitude of impact is considered to be negligible and not significant in relation to the SPA’s lesser black-backed gull population.












Identified impact


Baie de Morlaix SPA (continued from above)

Breeding - Lesser black-backed gull, great-black backed gull and Atlantic puffin. (continued from above)















Identified impact















Identified impact





In combination - predictions of the numbers of Atlantic puffin potentially displaced were available for 13 other projects (see Table 7.20 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). The cumulative number of birds estimated to be displaced across these projects was 11,119. A combined total of 524 birds are predicted to be lost through mortality following displacement from the projects considered in the assessment (see Table 7.27 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). Apportioning of the affected birds to individual SPAs is presented in Table 7.28 in Appendix B of the HRA Report. The relatively small number (37) of puffin affected by all three Dogger Bank projects results in a near zero percentage impact on relevant SPA populations screened into the assessment (see Table A9.62d in Appendix 9 of Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES). No birds affected by other projects were apportioned to this SPA. The estimated combined impact of Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D for this SPA is a total of just over 0 non-breeding birds representing 0.01% of the SPA population. This predicted magnitude of impact is not considered to be significant at the population level.















Identified impact



Passage and wintering assemblage excluding species for which no LSE is determined (see Appendix D of the HRA Report).

Collision risk Project alone – the migration routes and information presented in Wright et al. (2012) demonstrate that for many species there is significant movement of migratory birds across the North Sea and between continental sites and the UK. Birds on passage and wintering at SPAs in France will arrive via continental routes (e.g. Western Russia) or cross the North Sea directly via Scandinavia or via stopovers at SPAs in the UK. For all species for which migration zones overlap with the development area it is calculated that on an annual basis the potential mortality associated with collision risk is likely to represent significantly less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland population - see Section 6.6 and Table 6.28 in Appendix B of the HRA Report. Based on this analysis, the potential relative impact to the wider flyway population passing across the North Sea (and onwards to protected sites in France and further south) would be no greater in percentage terms than that predicted for the GB populations (which form a component of the migratory populations passing across the North Sea). Detrimental impacts at migratory population or individual designated site levels are therefore considered highly unlikely to arise.






Identified impact



Passage and wintering assemblage excluding species for which no LSE is determined (see Appendix D of the HRA Report). (continued from above)


In combination - see comments and conclusions for project alone above. Collision risk estimates for migratory species were available for six other projects (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report), including Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D. For Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D the collision risk is likely to represent significantly less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). For Hornsea Project One, potential collision risk and mortality estimates were calculated for twelve selected species of waterbird (seven waders and five waterfowl) based on a relatively high proportion of birds occurring within the regional SPAs close to the proposed Hornsea Project One wind farm development. The migratory paths of all twelve species also overlap with the Dogger Bank Zone and therefore potential cumulative impacts on migratory populations could occur. Collision losses for migratory common scoter, golden plover, goldeneye, tufted duck, oystercatcher, knot, curlew and shelduck from the Inch Cape project were also identified. For the other projects considered, only two species (barnacle goose and common scoter) had migratory paths that overlapped with the Dogger Bank Zone. For all species for which migration zones overlap with the development area it is calculated that on an annual basis the potential mortality associated with collision risk would represent less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). A similar level of impact would therefore be expected at the flyway population level. Detrimental impacts at migratory population or individual designated site levels are therefore considered highly unlikely to arise.






Identified impact




Barrier effects Project alone – for continental SPA and Ramsar sites, wind farm development on the Dogger Bank would be unlikely to influence migratory movements. For some birds wintering at French SPAs migratory movements will be via Scandinavia and western Russia and their migratory routes would not impinge upon the Dogger Bank. For birds crossing the North Sea to reach wintering sites in France, deviation around the wind farm, would represent less than 4% of the route across the North Sea (see Section 6.6 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). Additionally, birds could increase flight height in order to avoid the windfarm and any potential increase in energetic costs that deviation might present. Consequently, it is concluded that the potential barrier posed by wind farm development would be unlikely to have a detrimental impact upon the energetics of these migratory birds such that an effect at either the population or individual protected site level would arise.








Identified impact


Baie de Saint-Brieuc-Est SPA

Breeding – Lesser black-backed gull and great black-backed gull.



















Identified impact


Baie de Saint-Brieuc-Est SPA (continued from above)

Breeding – Lesser black-backed gull and great black-backed gull. (continued from above)









In combination – Table 7.29 shows that a total of 1,633 annual collision losses are predicted for great black-backed gull from the projects screened into the in-combination assessment. No SPAs supporting breeding populations of great black-backed gull are within mean maximum foraging range of Dogger Bank Teesside A & B. Therefore, any potential in-combination collision impact relates solely to non-breeding birds, which could potentially derive from a number of SPAs (17 screened into the assessment) situated around the North Sea. Of the projects screened into the assessment potential collision losses were apportioned to this SPA from Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D only. The combined loss with these two projects is 0.03 of a bird, 0.22% of the SPA population – see Table A9.54d in Appendix 9 of Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES. This predicted magnitude of impact is not considered to be significant. It is also noted that the very small collision loss from Dogger Bank Teesside A & B attributed to this SPA indicates that any contribution of great black-backed gull collision losses during the operation of the wind farm are likely to be non-significant when combined with collision losses attributed to any other project.






Identified impact















Identified impact


Baie de Seine occidentale SPA

Breeding – Great black-backed gull.















Identified impact


Baie de Seine occidentale SPA (continued from above)

Breeding – Great black-backed gull. (continued from above)





Passage and wintering species - Black-legged kittiwake, common guillemot, common scoter, common shelduck, great black-backed gull, great-crested grebe, northern fulmar, northern gannet, razorbill, red-breasted merganser, ruddy turnstone, and Slavonian grebe.







Identified impact



Passage and wintering species - Black-legged kittiwake, common guillemot, common scoter, common shelduck, great black-backed gull, great-crested grebe, northern fulmar, northern gannet, razorbill, red-breasted merganser, ruddy turnstone, and Slavonian grebe. (continued from above)








Identified impact


Baie du Mont Saint Michel SPA




















Identified impact


Baie du Mont Saint Michel SPA (continued from above)
















Identified impact















Identified impact








Bancs des Flandres SPA

Passage and wintering assemblage species - Arctic skua, black-legged kittiwake, common guillemot, common scoter, great skua, great-crested grebe, northern fulmar, northern gannet, razorbill, red-breasted merganser, and velvet scoter.







Identified impact


Bancs des Flandres SPA (continued from above)

Passage and wintering assemblage species - Arctic skua, black-legged kittiwake, common guillemot, common scoter, great skua, great-crested grebe, northern fulmar, northern gannet, razorbill, red-breasted merganser, and velvet scoter. (continued from above)








Identified impact


Bancs des Flandres SPA (continued from above)

Passage and wintering assemblage species - Arctic skua, black-legged kittiwake, common guillemot, common scoter, great skua, great-crested grebe, northern fulmar, northern gannet, razorbill, red-breasted merganser, and velvet scoter. (continued from above)





Basses Vallees du Contentin et Baie des Veys SPA








Identified impact


Basses Vallees du Contentin et Baie des Veys SPA (continued from above)



In combination - see comments and conclusions for project alone above. Collision risk estimates for migratory species were available for six other projects (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report), including Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D. For Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D the collision risk is likely to represent significantly less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). For Hornsea Project One, potential collision risk and mortality estimates were calculated for twelve selected species of waterbird (seven waders and five waterfowl) based on a relatively high proportion of birds occurring within the regional SPAs close to the proposed Hornsea Project One wind farm development. The migratory paths of all twelve species also overlap with the Dogger Bank Zone and therefore potential cumulative impacts on migratory populations could occur. For the other projects considered, only two species (barnacle goose and common scoter) had migratory paths that overlapped with the Dogger Bank Zone. For all species for which migration zones overlap with the development area it is calculated that on an annual basis the potential mortality associated with collision risk would represent less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). A similar level of impact would therefore be expected at the flyway population level. Detrimental impacts at migratory population or individual designated site levels are therefore considered highly unlikely to arise.






Identified impact


Basses Vallees du Contentin et Baie des Veys SPA (continued from above)










Identified impact


Cap d’Erquy-Cap Frehel SPA

Breeding – Northern fulmar, lesser black-backed gull, great black-backed gull, black-legged kittiwake, common guillemot, and razorbill.
























Identified impact


Cap d’Erquy-Cap Frehel SPA (continued from above)

Breeding – Northern fulmar, lesser black-backed gull, great black-backed gull, black-legged kittiwake, common guillemot, and razorbill. (continued from above)



















Identified impact

















Identified impact





In combination – predictions of the numbers of common guillemot potentially displaced were available for 16 other projects (see Table 7.20 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). The cumulative number of birds estimated to be displaced across these projects was 64,557. A combined total of 1,888 birds are predicted to be lost through mortality following displacement from the projects considered in the assessment (see Table 7.22 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). Apportioning of the affected birds to individual SPAs is presented in Table 7.23 in Appendix B of the HRA Report. For Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D the calculated cumulative loss is 0.6 of a non-breeding bird representing 0.09% of the SPA population (see Table A9.56d in Appendix 9 in Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES). No other projects apportioned displacement mortalities to this SPA. This predicted magnitude of impact is not considered to be significant at the population level.















Identified impact







In combination – predictions of the numbers of razorbill potentially displaced were available for 16 other projects (see Table 7.20 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). The cumulative number of birds estimated to be displaced across these projects was 17,962. A combined total of 743 birds are predicted to be lost through mortality following displacement from the projects considered in the assessment (see Table 7.25 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). Apportioning of the affected birds to individual SPAs is presented in Table 7.26 in Appendix B of the HRA Report. For Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D the calculated cumulative loss is 0.04 of a non-breeding bird representing 0.14% of the SPA population (see Table A9.59d in Appendix 9 in Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES). No other projects apportioned displacement mortalities to this SPA. This predicted magnitude of impact is not considered to be significant at the population level.






Identified impact




















Identified impact


Chausey SPA Breeding – Great black-backed gull and razorbill.







Project alone – using an avoidance rate of 98%, an annual collision total of 58 birds, based on the mean of population estimates was calculated, of which 9 birds were attributed to the suite of SPAs considered in the assessment. Dogger Bank Teesside A & B is outside the maximum foraging range of any protected sites designated for breeding populations of this species. Apportioning of the annual collision estimate therefore relates to non-breeding birds, with 1.5 birds apportioned to this SPA (0.09% of the SPA population and an increase in background mortality of 0.35%) – see Table A9.37d in Appendix 9 of Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES. This predicted magnitude of impact is considered to be negligible.








Identified impact


Chausey SPA (continued from above)

Breeding – Great black-backed gull and razorbill. (continued from above)












Identified impact



Breeding – Great black-backed gull and razorbill. (continued from above)

















Identified impact










Identified impact


Cote de Granit Rose-Sept Iles SPA

Breeding – Northern fulmar, northern gannet, lesser black-backed gull, great black-backed gull, black-legged kittiwake, common guillemot, razorbill, and Atlantic puffin.



















Identified impact


Cote de Granit Rose-Sept Iles SPA (continued from above)

Breeding – Northern fulmar, northern gannet, lesser black-backed gull, great black-backed gull, black-legged kittiwake, common guillemot, razorbill, and Atlantic puffin. (continued from above)




In combination - a precautionary 5% mortality rate at the cumulative level has been assumed for northern gannet (see paragraph 6.3.53 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). Predictions of the numbers of gannet potentially displaced were available for 14 other projects (see Table 7.20 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). The cumulative number of birds estimated to be displaced across these projects is 9,297 (including both breeding and wintering seasons). A combined total of 122 birds are predicted to be lost through mortality following displacement (a total of 2,440 birds displaced throughout the year) from the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A and B and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D (75% displacement and 5% mortality). Apportioning of the affected birds to individual SPAs is presented in Table 7.21 in Appendix B of the HRA Report. No birds were apportioned to this SPA from the other projects examined. The estimated combined impact of Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D for this SPA is a total of 14 non-breeding birds representing 0.02% of the SPA population. This predicted magnitude of impact is not considered to be significant at the population level.









Identified impact





In combination – data on predicted collision estimates for northern gannet is available for 25 additional projects - see Table 7.29 in Appendix B of the HRA Report. Other than for this project and Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D, no collision mortalities from other projects were assigned to this SPA. The predicted collision loss for Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D is 23.6 non-breeding birds, representing 0.04% of the SPA population (see Table A9.50d in Appendix 9 of Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES) and a 0.60% increase in the rate of background mortality. This predicted magnitude of impact is not considered to be significant at the population level.


















Identified impact




Collision risk Lesser black-backed gull (continued from above)



















Identified impact




















Identified impact








Estuaires picards: Baie de Somme et d’Authie SPA








Identified impact


Estuaires picards: Baie de Somme et d’Authie SPA (continued from above)









Identified impact


Estuaires picards: Baie de Somme et d’Authie SPA (continued from above)






Falaise du Bessin Occidental SPA

Breeding – Northern fulmar, lesser black-backed gull, and black-legged kittiwake.















Identified impact


Falaise du Bessin Occidental SPA (continued from above)

Breeding – Northern fulmar, lesser black-backed gull, and black-legged kittiwake. (continued from above)



















Identified impact




















Identified impact








Iles de la Colombiere, de la Nelliere et des Haches SPA








Identified impact


Iles de la Colombiere, de la Nelliere et des Haches SPA (continued from above)









Identified impact


Ilot du Trevors SPA Breeding - Lesser black-backed gull and great black-backed gull.



















Identified impact


Ilot du Trevors SPA (continued from above)

Breeding - Lesser black-backed gull and great black-backed gull. (continued from above)















Identified impact


Ilot du Trevors SPA (continued from above)






Ilots Notre-Dame et Chevret SPA

Breeding – Lesser black-backed gull















Identified impact


Ilots Notre-Dame et Chevret SPA (continued from above)

Breeding – Lesser black-backed gull (continued from above)





Landes et dunes de la Hague SPA








Identified impact


Landes et dunes de la Hague SPA (continued from above)









Identified impact


Landes et dunes de la Hague SPA (continued from above)






Littoral Seino-Marin SPA

Breeding – Northern fulmar, lesser black-backed gull, great black-backed gull, and black-legged kittiwake.















Identified impact


Littoral Seino-Marin SPA (continued from above)

Breeding – Northern fulmar, lesser black-backed gull, great black-backed gull, and black-legged kittiwake. (continued from above)











Project alone – no apportioning of collision losses was undertaken for this SPA. However, information from the apportioning undertaken in respect of all other SPAs provides a strong indication of the likely level of impact. Using an avoidance rate of 98% an annual collision total of 33 birds, based on a mean of survey data, was attributed to the suite of SPAs. Dogger Bank Teesside A & B is outside the mean maximum foraging range of any protected sites designated for breeding populations of this species. Apportioning of the annual collision estimate therefore relates to non-breeding birds, with a loss of 0.01% of the SPA population and an increase in background mortality of 0.12% being applied across all SPAs – see Table A9.36d in Appendix 9 of Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES. This predicted magnitude of impact is considered to be negligible and not significant in relation to the SPA’s lesser black-backed gull population.








Identified impact




















Identified impact








Marais arriere-littoraux Picards SPA








Identified impact


Marais arriere-littoraux Picards SPA (continued from above)









Identified impact


Marais arriere-littoraux Picards SPA (continued from above)



Project alone – for continental SPA and Ramsar sites, wind farm development on the Dogger Bank would be unlikely to influence migratory movements. For some birds wintering at French SPAs migratory movements will be via Scandinavia and western Russia and their migratory routes would not impinge upon the Dogger Bank. For birds crossing the North Sea to reach wintering sites in France, deviation around the wind farm, would represent less than 4% of the route across the North Sea (see Section 6.6 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). Additionally, birds could increase flight height in order to avoid the windfarm and any potential increase in energetic costs that deviation might present. Consequently, it is concluded that the potential barrier posed by wind farm development would be unlikely to have a detrimental impact upon the energetics of these migratory birds such that an effect at either the population or individual protected site level would arise.




Marais Audomarois SPA








Identified impact


Marais Audomarois SPA (continued from above)









Identified impact


Marais Audomarois SPA (continued from above)






Ouessant-Molene SPA

Breeding – Northern fulmar, lesser black-backed gull, great black-backed gull, razorbill, and Atlantic puffin.















Identified impact


Ouessant-Molene SPA (continued from above)

Breeding – Northern fulmar, lesser black-backed gull, great black-backed gull, razorbill, and Atlantic puffin. (continued from above)











Project alone – using an avoidance rate of 98% an annual collision total of 33 birds, based on a mean of survey data, was attributed to the suite of SPAs. Dogger Bank Teesside A & B is outside the mean maximum foraging range of any protected sites designated for breeding populations of this species. Apportioning of the annual collision estimate therefore relates to non-breeding birds, with a loss of 2 birds apportioned to this SPA (0.01% of the SPA population and an increase in background mortality of 0.12%) – see Table A9.36d in Appendix 9 of Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES. This predicted magnitude of impact is considered to be negligible and not significant in relation to the SPA’s lesser black-backed gull population.








Identified impact














Project alone – using an avoidance rate of 98%, an annual collision total of 58 birds, based on the mean of population estimates was calculated, of which 9 birds were attributed to the suite of SPAs considered in the assessment. Dogger Bank Teesside A & B is outside the maximum foraging range of any protected sites designated for breeding populations of this species. Apportioning of the annual collision estimate therefore relates to non-breeding birds, with 2.9 birds apportioned to this SPA (0.09% of the SPA population and an increase in background mortality of 0.35%) – see Table A9.37d in Appendix 9 of Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES. This predicted magnitude of impact is considered to be negligible.






Identified impact





In combination – Table 7.29 shows that a total of 1,633 annual collision losses are predicted for great black-backed gull from the projects screened into the in-combination assessment. No SPAs supporting breeding populations of great black-backed gull are within mean maximum foraging range of Dogger Bank Teesside A & B. Therefore, any potential in-combination collision impact relates solely to non-breeding birds, which could potentially derive from a number of SPAs (17 screened into the assessment) situated around the North Sea. Of the projects screened into the assessment potential collision losses were apportioned to this SPA from Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D only. The combined loss with these two projects is 7 birds, 0.22% of the SPA population – see Table A9.54d in Appendix 9 of Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES. This predicted magnitude of impact is not considered to be significant. It is also noted that the very small collision loss from Dogger Bank Teesside A & B attributed to this SPA indicates that any contribution of great black-backed gull collision losses during the operation of the wind farm are likely to be non-significant when combined with collision losses attributed to any other project.










Identified impact





Project alone - based on mean data, disturbance and displacement analysis (50% displacement rate) undertaken provides a figure of 1,804 displaced birds (186 during breeding months, 1,618 during other months of the year). A precautionary mortality rate of 5% has been assigned to this species based on knowledge of the foraging ecology of this species and the magnitude of the habitat loss that could occur as a result of displacement from within the site of the operational wind farm development. Therefore, in total the mortality of 49 birds (5 during the breeding season) across all of the SPAs in the greater North Sea region (see Tables A9.42a-d in Appendix 9 of Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES) is predicted. Dogger Bank Teesside A & B is located outside the maximum foraging range of razorbill that could derive from this SPA. Through attribution of the displacement impact it is estimated that displacement would lead to 0.04% of the SPA population being affected although this would effectively represent no birds (see Table A9.42d in Appendix 9 in Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES). This predicted magnitude of impact is not considered to be significant at the population level.








Identified impact




















Identified impact





In combination - predictions of the numbers of Atlantic puffin potentially displaced were available for 13 other projects (see Table 7.20 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). The cumulative number of birds estimated to be displaced across these projects was 11,119. A combined total of 524 birds are predicted to be lost through mortality following displacement from the projects considered in the assessment (see Table 7.27 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). Apportioning of the affected birds to individual SPAs is presented in Table 7.28 in Appendix B of the HRA Report. The relatively small number (37) of puffin affected by all three Dogger Bank projects results in a near zero percentage impact on relevant SPA populations screened into the assessment (see Table A9.62d in Appendix 9 of Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES). No birds affected by other projects were apportioned to this SPA. The estimated combined impact of Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D for this SPA is a total of just over 0 non-breeding birds representing 0.01% of the SPA population. This predicted magnitude of impact is not considered to be significant at the population level.















Identified impact










Identified impact








Platier d’Oye SPA Passage and wintering assemblage excluding species for which no LSE is determined (see Appendix D of the HRA Report).







Identified impact


Platier d’Oye SPA (continued from above)









Identified impact


Platier d’Oye SPA (continued from above)



Project alone – for continental SPA and Ramsar sites, wind farm development on the Dogger Bank would be unlikely to influence migratory movements. For some birds wintering at French SPAs migratory movements will be via Scandinavia and western Russia and their migratory routes would not impinge upon the Dogger Bank. For birds crossing the North Sea to reach wintering sites in France, deviation around the wind farm, would represent less than 4% of the route across the North Sea (see Section 6.6 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). Additionally, birds could increase flight height in order to avoid the windfarm and any potential increase in energetic costs that deviation might present. Consequently, it is concluded that the potential barrier posed by wind farm development would be unlikely to have a detrimental impact upon the energetics of these migratory birds such that an effect at either the population or individual protected site level would arise.




Tregor Goelo SPA Breeding – Northern fulmar, lesser black-backed gull, and great black-backed gull.















Identified impact


Tregor Goelo SPA (continued from above)

Breeding – Northern fulmar, lesser black-backed gull, and great black-backed gull. (continued from above)











Project alone - specific collision mortality for this SPA is not calculated. However, Dogger Bank Teesside A & B is outside the maximum foraging range of any protected sites designated for breeding populations of this species. The calculated annual collision estimate for all lesser black-backed gull therefore relates to non-breeding birds. The calculated maximum of the non-breeding population affected by collision and attributable to any individual SPA is 0.01% (see Table A9.36d in Appendix 9 of Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES). This predicted magnitude of impact is considered to be negligible and not significant in relation to the SPA’s lesser black-backed gull population.








Identified impact



Breeding – Northern fulmar, lesser black-backed gull, and great black-backed gull. (continued from above)











Project alone – using an avoidance rate of 98%, an annual collision total of 58 birds, based on the mean of population estimates was calculated, of which 9 birds were attributed to the suite of SPAs considered in the assessment. Dogger Bank Teesside A & B is outside the maximum foraging range of any protected sites designated for breeding populations of this species. Apportioning of the annual collision estimate therefore relates to non-breeding birds. No apportioning to this SPA has been undertaken. However, the small number of total collisions indicates that when considered across all relevant SPAs (i.e. at a North Sea level) that the population impacts at individual SPAs is negligible.


In combination – see comments above. It should also be noted that any collision losses from Dogger Bank Teesside A & B that could be attributed to this SPA during the operation of the wind farm are likely to be non-significant when combined with collision losses attributed to any other project.










Identified impact








Table D5 Summary of appropriate assessment outcomes for SPAs and Ramsar sites in Germany



Identified impact


Hamburgisches Wattenmeer SPA Hamburgisches Wattenmeer Ramsar Hund und Paapsand SPA Muhlenberger Loch SPA Muhlenberger Loch Ramsar Niederelbe, Barnkrug-Otterndorf SPA NSG Rantumbecken SCI Ostfriesische Meere SPA Rheiderland SPA Untereider SPA

Passage and wintering waterbirds excluding species for which no LSE is determined (see Appendix D of the HRA Report).

Collision risk Project alone – the migration routes and information presented in Wright et al. (2012) demonstrate that for many species there is significant movement of migratory birds between continental sites and the UK. The majority of migratory birds on passage and wintering at SPAs in Germany will arrive via routes that would not impinge upon the Dogger Bank Zone – e.g. via Western Russia or Scandinavia. Unless there is onward movement of these birds to the UK across the central and northern sectors of the North Sea, then no potential collision risk would arise. However, given interchange and/or onward movement of birds to the UK, part of the populations that are present at these continental sites could be affected by collision. As such, the results of the migrant collision analysis in respect of the percentage of the GB and Ireland population also apply to continental SPAs that form staging posts for onward migration to the UK or sites used by birds on return migration from the UK. Fewer birds are likely to arrive from the north-west from Iceland, the majority of which overwinter in the UK. For all species for which migration zones overlap with the development area it is calculated that on an annual basis the potential mortality associated with collision risk is likely to represent significantly less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland population (i.e. prior to apportioning to individual SPAs) - see Section 6.6 and Table 6.28 in Appendix B of the HRA Report. Based on this, impacts at migratory population or individual designated site levels are considered highly unlikely.






Identified impact



Passage and wintering waterbirds excluding species for which no LSE is determined (see Appendix D of the HRA Report). (continued from above)








Identified impact




Barrier effects

Project alone – for continental SPA and Ramsar sites, wind farm development on the Dogger Bank would be unlikely to influence migratory movements. Birds wintering at German SPAs will more than likely derive from the Arctic (via Scandinavia), Scandinavia and western Russia and their migratory routes would not impinge upon the Dogger Bank. Birds undertaking onward movements from staging sites in Germany are effectively included in the GB and GB and Ireland populations, for which exposure to barrier effects has been assessed. As the majority of onward migratory movements to the UK from sites in Germany will be over the southern North Sea, the potential for route overlap with the Dogger Bank is considered to be low. The percentages of Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations exposed to potential barrier effects were less than 1% for most species considered, but greater than 1% for 17 species’ populations (see Table 6.25 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). For the few birds migrating to sites from the north west (e.g. from Iceland), the potential barrier formed by the wind farm development would, if birds were to deviate around the wind farm, represent less than 4% of the route across the North Sea (see Section 6.6 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). Additionally, birds could increase flight height in order to avoid the windfarm and any potential increase in energetic costs that deviation might present. Consequently, it is concluded that the potential barrier posed by wind farm development would be unlikely to have a detrimental impact upon the energetics of these migratory birds such that an effect at either the population or individual protected site level would arise.








Identified impact


Niedersächsisches Wattenmeer und angrenzendes Küstenmeer SPA

Breeding - Lesser black-backed gull and great black-backed gull.







Project alone – using an avoidance rate of 98% an annual collision total of 33 birds, based on a mean of survey data, was attributed to the suite of SPAs. Dogger Bank Teesside A & B is outside the mean maximum foraging range of any protected sites designated for breeding populations of this species. Apportioning of the annual collision estimate therefore relates to non-breeding birds, with a loss of 9.6 birds apportioned to this SPA (0.01% of the SPA population and an increase in background mortality of 0.12%) – see Table A9.36d in Appendix 9 of Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES. This predicted magnitude of impact is considered to be negligible and not significant in relation to the SPA’s lesser black-backed gull population.












Identified impact


Niedersächsisches Wattenmeer und angrenzendes Küstenmeer SPA (continued from above)








Project alone – using an avoidance rate of 98%, an annual collision total of 58 birds, based on the mean of population estimates was calculated, of which 9 birds were attributed to the suite of SPAs considered in the assessment. Dogger Bank Teesside A & B is outside the maximum foraging range of any protected sites designated for breeding populations of this species. Apportioning of the annual collision estimate therefore relates to non-breeding birds, with <0.01 of a bird apportioned to this SPA (0.09% of the SPA population and an increase in background mortality of 0.35%) – see Table A9.37d in Appendix 9 of Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES. This predicted magnitude of impact is considered to be negligible.







Identified impact








Passage and wintering - Bar-tailed godwit, black-tailed godwit, common goldeneye, common greenshank, common guillemot, common pochard, common redshank, common ringed plover, common shelduck, common snipe, dunlin, Eurasian oystercatcher, Eurasian teal, Eurasian wigeon, gadwall, golden plover, great black-backed gull, grey plover, lesser black-backed gull, little ringed plover, northern lapwing, northern pintail, northern shoveler, razorbill, ruddy turnstone, and whimbrel.

Collision risk Project alone – the migration routes and information presented in Wright et al. (2012) demonstrate that for many species there is significant movement of migratory birds between continental sites and the UK. The majority of migratory birds on passage and wintering at SPAs in Germany will arrive via routes that would not impinge upon the Dogger Bank Zone – e.g. via Western Russia or Scandinavia. Unless there is onward movement of these birds to the UK across the central and northern sectors of the North Sea, then no potential collision risk would arise. However, given interchange and/or onward movement of birds to the UK, part of the populations that are present at these continental sites could be affected by collision. As such, the results of the migrant collision analysis in respect of the percentage of the GB and Ireland population also apply to continental SPAs that form staging posts for onward migration to the UK or sites used by birds on return migration from the UK. Fewer birds are likely to arrive from the north-west from Iceland, the majority of which overwinter in the UK. For all species for which migration zones overlap with the development area it is calculated that on an annual basis the potential mortality associated with collision risk is likely to represent significantly less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland population (i.e. prior to apportioning to individual SPAs) - see Section 6.6 and Table 6.28 in Appendix B of the HRA Report. Based on this, impacts at migratory population or individual designated site levels are considered highly unlikely.






Identified impact











Identified impact




Barrier effects



In combination (Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D only – see Section 7.8 in Appendix B of the HRA Report) - for migratory species the percentages of Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations exposed to potential barrier effects are calculated as 0.02% to 4.51% (see Table 7.39 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). Comments and conclusions as above for project alone.






Identified impact


Ramsar Gebiet S-H Wattenmeer und angrenzende Küstengebiete SPA / Ramsar








Project alone – using an avoidance rate of 98% an annual collision total of 33 birds, based on a mean of survey data, was attributed to the suite of SPAs. Dogger Bank Teesside A & B is outside the mean maximum foraging range of any protected sites designated for breeding populations of this species. Apportioning of the annual collision estimate therefore relates to non-breeding birds, with a loss of 3 birds apportioned to this SPA (0.01% of the SPA population and an increase in background mortality of 0.12%) – see Table A9.36d in Appendix 9 of Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES. This predicted magnitude of impact is considered to be negligible and not significant in relation to the SPA and Ramsar site’s lesser black-backed gull population.












Identified impact


Ramsar Gebiet S-H Wattenmeer und angrenzende Küstengebiete SPA / Ramsar (continued from above)
















Identified impact








Overwintering species and assemblage.

Passage species – Bar-tailed godwit, common greenshank, common redshank, common ringed plover, common shelduck, common snipe, dunlin, Eurasian curlew, Eurasian oystercatcher, Eurasian teal, Eurasian wigeon, European golden plover, mallard, northern lapwing, northern pintail, northern shoveler, red knot, ruddy turnstone, and sanderling.

Collision risk Project alone - the migration routes and information presented in Wright et al. (2012) demonstrate that for many species there is significant movement of migratory birds between continental sites and the UK. The majority of migratory birds on passage and wintering at SPAs in Germany will arrive via routes that would not impinge upon the Dogger Bank Zone – e.g. via Western Russia or Scandinavia. Unless there is onward movement of these birds to the UK across the central and northern sectors of the North Sea, then no potential collision risk would arise. However, given interchange and/or onward movement of birds to the UK, part of the populations that are present at these continental sites could be affected by collision. As such, the results of the migrant collision analysis in respect of the percentage of the GB and Ireland population also apply to continental SPAs that form staging posts for onward migration to the UK or sites used by birds on return migration from the UK. Fewer birds are likely to arrive from the north-west from Iceland, the majority of which overwinter in the UK. For all species for which migration zones overlap with the development area it is calculated that on an annual basis the potential mortality associated with collision risk is likely to represent significantly less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland population (i.e. prior to apportioning to individual SPAs) - see Section 6.6 and Table 6.28 in Appendix B of the HRA Report. Based on this, impacts at migratory population or individual designated site levels are considered highly unlikely.






Identified impact












Identified impact





Barrier effects









Identified impact


Schleswig Holstein Wadden Sea and adjacent areas Ramsar

Breeding – Lesser black-backed gull.

Displacement As for Ramsar Gebiet S-H Wattenmeer und angrenzende Küstengebiete SPA. No adverse effect on integrity

Collision risk As for Ramsar Gebiet S-H Wattenmeer und angrenzende Küstengebiete SPA. No adverse effect on integrity

Barrier effects

As for Ramsar Gebiet S-H Wattenmeer und angrenzende Küstengebiete SPA. No adverse effect on integrity

Breeding – Great black-backed gull.

Displacement As for Ramsar Gebiet S-H Wattenmeer und angrenzende Küstengebiete SPA. No adverse effect on integrity


Barrier effects





Barrier effects






Identified impact


Seevogelschutzgebiet Helgoland SPA

Breeding – Northern fulmar, northern gannet, lesser black-backed gull, common guillemot and razorbill.




















Identified impact


Seevogelschutzgebiet Helgoland SPA (continued from above)

Breeding – Northern fulmar, northern gannet, lesser black-backed gull, common guillemot and razorbill. (continued from above)




In combination - a precautionary 5% mortality rate at the cumulative level has been assumed for northern gannet (see paragraph 6.3.53 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). Predictions of the numbers of gannet potentially displaced were available for 14 other projects (see Table 7.20 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). The cumulative number of birds estimated to be displaced across these projects is 9,297 (including both breeding and wintering seasons). A combined total of 122 birds are predicted to be lost through mortality following displacement (a total of 2,440 birds displaced throughout the year) from the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A and B and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D (75% displacement and 5% mortality). Apportioning of the affected birds to individual SPAs is presented in Table 7.21 in Appendix B of the HRA Report. No birds were apportioned to this SPA from the other projects examined. The estimated combined impact of Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D for this SPA is a total of 0.05 of a bird representing 0.04% of the SPA population. This predicted magnitude of impact is not considered to be significant at the population level.






Identified impact





Project alone - assuming a 99% avoidance rate, the number of collisions predicted based on mean population estimates is 68 birds – see Table 6.26 in Appendix B of the HRA Report. Of these collisions, all are assigned to the suite of SPAs considered in the assessment. Dogger Bank Teesside A & B is not within the mean maximum foraging range of northern gannet that could derive from this SPA, however, based on proximity it is possible that during the breeding season birds from this SPA may forage in Dogger Bank. Apportioning of the annual collision estimate represents less than one bird, 0.02% of the designated SPA population (see Table 6.27 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). In total the loss of adult birds through collision at this SPA would represent an increase in the background mortality of 0.36%. This predicted magnitude of impact is not considered to be significant at the population level.


In combination – data on predicted collision estimates for northern gannet is available for 25 additional projects (see Table 7.29 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). Other than for this project and Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D, no other projects apportioned collision estimates to this SPA. The predicted collision loss for Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D is 0.2 of a bird, representing 0.07% of the SPA population (see Table A9.50d in Appendix 9 of Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES) and a 1.02% increase in the rate of background mortality. This predicted magnitude of collision impact is not considered significant at the designated site population level.






Identified impact





Project alone – Dogger Bank Teesside A & B lies outside the mean maximum foraging range of northern gannet deriving from this SPA. However, some birds from this SPA may forage over Dogger Bank during the breeding season. Apportioning of the number of birds in flight in the Teesside A & B development area indicates that 0.07% of the breeding population (less than 0.2 adult birds) at this site would be affected (see Table A9.32 in Appendix 9 of Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES). The average increase in flight distance due to the barrier presented by Dogger Bank Teesside A & B is approximately 25km (10% of the species’ mean maximum foraging range of 230km). However, as the SPA is already at a distance greater than the maximum foraging range it is considered unlikely that regular flight beyond the development area to access foraging grounds is unlikely. Given the small percentage of the population likely to be affected and the small flight deviation that might be incurred through the presence of the wind farm it is concluded that a negligible barrier effect would result, which would not be significant at the designated site population level.


In combination – for Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D the potential barrier posed by the combined wind farm development would affect an estimated 0.5 adult birds equating to 0.22% of the breeding population (see Table A9.49 in Appendix 9 of Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES). However, as the SPA is already at a distance greater than the maximum foraging range it is considered unlikely that regular flight beyond the development area to access foraging grounds is unlikely. Given the small percentage of the population likely to be affected and the small flight deviation that might be incurred through the presence of the wind farms it is concluded that a negligible barrier effect would result, which would not be significant at the designated site population level.











Identified impact

















Identified impact





Project alone - based on mean data, disturbance and displacement analysis (using a 50% displacement rate) provides a figure of 5,511 displaced birds (1,108 during breeding months, 4,403 during other months of the year). A precautionary mortality rate of 5% has been assigned to this species based on knowledge of the foraging ecology of this species and the magnitude of the habitat loss that could occur as a result of displacement from within the site of the operational wind farm development. Taking account of potential mortality, displacement could result in the loss of 276 birds (37 during the breeding season) across all of the SPAs in the greater North Sea region (see Tables A9.39a-d in Appendix 9 of Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES). Dogger Bank Teesside A & B is located within the maximum foraging range of common guillemot that could derive from this SPA. Through attribution of the displacement impact it is estimated that 0.15 of a breeding bird (<0.01% of the SPA population) and 1.4 non-breeding birds (0.02% of the SPA population) would be affected, giving a total of 0.02% of the SPA population (see Table A9.39d in Appendix 9 in Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES). This predicted magnitude of impact is not considered to be significant at the population level.


In combination – predictions of the numbers of common guillemot potentially displaced were available for 16 other projects (see Table 7.20 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). The cumulative number of birds estimated to be displaced across these projects was 64,557. A combined total of 1,888 birds are predicted to be lost through mortality following displacement from the projects considered in the assessment (see Table 7.22 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). Apportioning of the affected birds to individual SPAs is presented in Table 7.23 in Appendix B of the HRA Report. For Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D the calculated cumulative loss is 7 birds (0.15 of a breeding adult and 6.4 non-breeding birds) representing 0.09% of the SPA population (see Table A9.56d in Appendix 9 in Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES). Potential displacement mortalities from other projects were not apportioned to this SPA. This predicted magnitude of impact is not considered to be significant at the population level.






Identified impact




















Identified impact


Unterelbe SPA Passage and wintering – Black-tailed godwit, common goldeneye, common greenshank, common pochard, common redshank, common ringed plover, common sandpiper, common shelduck, common snipe, dunlin, Eurasian curlew, Eurasian wigeon, European golden plover, gadwall, garganey, mallard, northern lapwing, northern shoveler, ruddy turnstone, tufted duck, and whimbrel.

Collision risk Project alone - the migration routes and information presented in Wright et al. (2012) demonstrate that for many species there is significant movement of migratory birds between continental sites and the UK. The majority of migratory birds on passage and wintering at SPAs in Germany will arrive via routes that would not impinge upon the Dogger Bank Zone – e.g. via Western Russia or Scandinavia. Unless there is onward movement of these birds to the UK across the central and northern sectors of the North Sea, then no potential collision risk would arise. However, given interchange and/or onward movement of birds to the UK, part of the populations that are present at these continental sites could be affected by collision. As such, the results of the migrant collision analysis in respect of the percentage of the GB and Ireland population also apply to continental SPAs that form staging posts for onward migration to the UK or sites used by birds on return migration from the UK. Fewer birds are likely to arrive from the north-west from Iceland, the majority of which overwinter in the UK. For all species for which migration zones overlap with the development area it is calculated that on an annual basis the potential mortality associated with collision risk is likely to represent significantly less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland population (i.e. prior to apportioning to individual SPAs) - see Section 6.6 and Table 6.28 in Appendix B of the HRA Report. Based on this, impacts at migratory population or individual designated site levels are considered highly unlikely.






Identified impact


Unterelbe SPA (continued from above)

Passage and wintering – Black-tailed godwit, common goldeneye, common greenshank, common pochard, common redshank, common ringed plover, common sandpiper, common shelduck, common snipe, dunlin, Eurasian curlew, Eurasian wigeon, European golden plover, gadwall, garganey, mallard, northern lapwing, northern shoveler, ruddy turnstone, tufted duck, and whimbrel. (continued from above)








Identified impact


Unterelbe SPA (continued from above)

Passage and wintering – Black-tailed godwit, common goldeneye, common greenshank, common pochard, common redshank, common ringed plover, common sandpiper, common shelduck, common snipe, dunlin, Eurasian curlew, Eurasian wigeon, European golden plover, gadwall, garganey, mallard, northern lapwing, northern shoveler, ruddy turnstone, tufted duck, and whimbrel. (continued from above)

Barrier effects





Wattenmeer, Elbe-Weser-Dreieck Ramsar

As Niedersächsisches Wattenmeer und angrenzendes Küstenmeer SPA

All impacts As Niedersächsisches Wattenmeer und angrenzendes Küstenmeer SPA No adverse effect on integrity





Identified impact


Wattenmeer, Jadebusen & Westliche Wesermundung Ramsar



Wattenmeer, Ostfriesisches Wattenmeer & Dollart Ramsar





Table D6 Summary of appropriate assessment outcomes for SPAs and Ramsar sites in the Netherlands



Identified impact


Boschplaat Ramsar Eemeer & Gooimeer Zuidover SPA Grevelingen SPA Grevelingen Ramsar Griend Ramsar Haringvliet SPA Ijmeer Ramsar Ijsselmeer SPA Ijsselmeer Ramsar Ilperveld, Varkensland en Twiske SPA Lauwersmeer SPA Lauwersmeer Ramsar Markemeer en Ijmeer SPA Continued below.


Collision risk Project alone – the migration routes and information presented in Wright et al. (2012) demonstrate that for many species there is significant movement of migratory birds between continental sites and the UK. The majority of migratory birds on passage and wintering at SPAs in the Netherlands will arrive via routes that would not impinge upon the Dogger Bank Zone – e.g. via Western Russia or Scandinavia. Unless there is onward movement of these birds to the UK across the central and northern sectors of the North Sea, then no potential collision risk would arise. However, given interchange and/or onward movement of birds to the UK, part of the populations that are present at these continental sites could be affected by collision. As such, the results of the migrant collision analysis in respect of the percentage of the GB and Ireland population also apply to continental SPAs that form staging posts for onward migration to the UK or sites used by birds on return migration from the UK. Fewer birds are likely to arrive from the north-west from Iceland, the majority of which overwinter in the UK. For all species for which migration zones overlap with the development area it is calculated that on an annual basis the potential mortality associated with collision risk is likely to represent significantly less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland population (i.e. prior to apportioning to individual SPAs) - see Section 6.6 and Table 6.28 in Appendix B of the HRA Report. Based on this, impacts at migratory population or individual designated site levels are considered highly unlikely.






Identified impact


(continued from above) Markemeer Ramsar Markiezaat SPA Nieuwkoopse Plassen SPA Noordzeekustzone SPA Oosterschelde SPA Oosterschelde & Markiezaatmeer Ramsar Voordelta SPA Voordelta Ramsar Waddeneilanden, Noordzeekustzone, Breebaart Ramsar Westerschelde en Saeftinge SPA Continued below.









Identified impact


(continued from above) Westerschelde en Verdronken Land van Saeftinge Ramsar Zoommeer SPA


Barrier effects Project alone – for continental SPA and Ramsar sites, wind farm development on the Dogger Bank would be unlikely to influence migratory movements. Birds wintering at Dutch SPAs will more than likely derive from the Arctic (via Scandinavia), Scandinavia and western Russia and their migratory routes would not impinge upon the Dogger Bank. Birds undertaking onward movements from staging sites in the Netherlands are effectively included in the GB and GB and Ireland populations, for which exposure to barrier effects has been assessed. As the majority of onward migratory movements to the UK from sites in the Netherlands will be over the southern North Sea, the potential for route overlap with the Dogger Bank is considered to be low. The percentages of Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations exposed to potential barrier effects were less than 1% for most species considered, but greater than 1% for 17 species’ populations (see Table 6.25 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). For the few birds migrating to sites from the north west (e.g. from Iceland), the potential barrier formed by the wind farm development would, if birds were to deviate around the wind farm, represent less than 4% of the route across the North Sea (see Section 6.6 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). Additionally, birds could increase flight height in order to avoid the windfarm and any potential increase in energetic costs that deviation might present. Consequently, it is concluded that the potential barrier posed by wind farm development would be unlikely to have a detrimental impact upon the energetics of these migratory birds such that an effect at either the population or individual protected site level would arise.








Identified impact


Duinen en Lage Land Texel SPA




















Identified impact


Duinen Vlieland SPA








Project alone – using an avoidance rate of 98% an annual collision total of 33 birds, based on a mean of survey data, was attributed to the suite of SPAs. Dogger Bank Teesside A & B is outside the mean maximum foraging range of any protected sites designated for breeding populations of this species. Apportioning of the annual collision estimate therefore relates to non-breeding birds, with a loss of 1 bird apportioned to this SPA (0.01% of the SPA population and an increase in background mortality of 0.12%) – see Table A9.36d in Appendix 9 of Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES. This predicted magnitude of impact is considered to be negligible and not significant in relation to the SPA’s lesser black-backed gull population.












Identified impact


Krammer Volkerak SPA








Project alone - specific collision mortality for this SPA and Ramsar site is not calculated. However, Dogger Bank Teesside A & B is outside the maximum foraging range of any protected sites designated for breeding populations of this species. The calculated annual collision estimate for all lesser black-backed gull therefore relates to non-breeding birds. The calculated maximum of the non-breeding population affected by collision and attributable to any individual SPA and/or Ramsar site is 0.01% of their lesser black-backed gull population (see Table A9.36d in Appendix 9 of Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES). This predicted magnitude of impact is considered to be negligible and not significant in relation to the SPA and Ramsar site’s lesser black-backed gull population.


In combination - specific collision mortality for this SPA and Ramsar site is not calculated. In combination - Table 7.29 shows that a total of 2,536 annual collision losses are predicted for lesser black-backed gull from the projects screened into the in-combination assessment. The very small collision loss of non-breeding birds attributed to this SPA from Dogger Bank Teesside A & B alone (see above) indicates that any contribution of lesser black-backed gull collision losses during the operation of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B wind farm would be non-significant. None of the other projects examined apportioned collision losses to this SPA / Ramsar population.










Identified impact


Krammer Volkerak SPA (continued from above)

Passage and wintering waterbirds - Black-tailed godwit, common goldeneye, common pochard, common redshank, common ringed plover, common shelduck, Eurasian coot, Eurasian teal, Eurasian wigeon, gadwall, great-crested grebe, mallard, northern pintail, northern shoveler, red-breasted merganser, and tufted duck.







Identified impact



Passage and wintering waterbirds - Black-tailed godwit, common goldeneye, common pochard, common redshank, common ringed plover, common shelduck, Eurasian coot, Eurasian teal, Eurasian wigeon, gadwall, great-crested grebe, mallard, northern pintail, northern shoveler, red-breasted merganser, and tufted duck. (continued from above)








Identified impact


Krammer Volkerak Ramsar


Displacement As Krammer Volkerak SPA above. No adverse effect on integrity

Collision risk As Krammer Volkerak SPA above. No adverse effect on integrity

Barrier effects As Krammer Volkerak SPA above. No adverse effect on integrity

Passage and wintering waterbirds - Black-tailed godwit, common goldeneye, common pochard, common redshank, common ringed plover, common shelduck, Eurasian coot, Eurasian teal, Eurasian wigeon, gadwall, great-crested grebe, mallard, northern pintail, northern shoveler, red-breasted merganser, and tufted duck.

Collision risk As Krammer Volkerak SPA above. No adverse effect on integrity

Barrier effects As Krammer Volkerak SPA above. No adverse effect on integrity





Identified impact


Veerse Meer SPA Breeding – Lesser black-backed gull.







Project alone - specific collision mortality for this SPA and Ramsar site is not calculated. However, Dogger Bank Teesside A & B is outside the maximum foraging range of any protected sites designated for breeding populations of this species. The calculated annual collision estimate for all lesser black-backed gull therefore relates to non-breeding birds. The calculated maximum of the non-breeding population affected by collision and attributable to any individual SPA (or Ramsar site) is 0.01% (see Table A9.36d in Appendix 9 of Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES). This predicted magnitude of impact is considered to be negligible and not significant in relation to the SPA and Ramsar site’s lesser black-backed gull population.


In combination - specific collision mortality for this SPA and Ramsar site is not calculated. In combination - Table 7.29 shows that a total of 2,536 annual collision losses are predicted for lesser black-backed gull from the projects screened into the in-combination assessment. The very small collision loss of non-breeding birds attributed to this SPA from Dogger Bank Teesside A & B alone (see above) indicates that any contribution of lesser black-backed gull collision losses during the operation of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B wind farm would be non-significant. None of the other projects examined apportioned collision losses to this SPA population.










Identified impact


Veerse Meer SPA (continued from above)

Passage and wintering waterbird assemblage – Common goldeneye, Eurasian coot, Eurasian wigeon, European golden plover, gadwall, great-crested grebe, mallard, northern pintail, northern shoveler, red-breasted merganser, and tufted duck.







Identified impact



Passage and wintering waterbird assemblage – Common goldeneye, Eurasian coot, Eurasian wigeon, European golden plover, gadwall, great-crested grebe, mallard, northern pintail, northern shoveler, red-breasted merganser, and tufted duck. (continued from above)








Identified impact


Veerse Meer Ramsar


Displacement As Veerse Meer SPA above. No adverse effect on integrity

Collision risk As Veerse Meer SPA above. No adverse effect on integrity

Barrier effects As Veerse Meer SPA above. No adverse effect on integrity

Passage and wintering waterbird assemblage – Common goldeneye, Eurasian coot, Eurasian wigeon, European golden plover, gadwall, great-crested grebe, mallard, northern pintail, northern shoveler, red-breasted merganser, and tufted duck.

Collision risk As Veerse Meer SPA above. No adverse effect on integrity

Barrier effects As Veerse Meer SPA above. No adverse effect on integrity





Identified impact


Waddenzee SPA Breeding – Lesser black-backed gull.







Project alone – using an avoidance rate of 98% an annual collision total of 33 birds, based on a mean of survey data, was attributed to the suite of SPAs. Dogger Bank Teesside A & B is outside the mean maximum foraging range of any protected sites designated for breeding populations of this species. Apportioning of the annual collision estimate therefore relates to non-breeding birds, with a loss of 7.9 birds apportioned to this SPA (0.01% of the SPA population and an increase in background mortality of 0.12%) – see Table A9.36d in Appendix 9 of Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES. This predicted magnitude of impact is considered to be negligible and not significant in relation to the SPA and Ramsar site’s lesser black-backed gull population.












Identified impact


Waddenzee SPA (continued from above)

Wintering waterbird species and assemblage – Bar-tailed godwit, black-tailed godwit, common goldeneye, common greenshank, common redshank, common ringed plover, common shelduck, dunlin, Eurasian teal, Eurasian wigeon, European golden plover, gadwall, goosander, great-crested grebe, grey plover, mallard, northern lapwing, northern pintail, northern shoveler, red knot, red-breasted merganser, ruddy turnstone, and sanderling.







Identified impact



Wintering waterbird species and assemblage – Bar-tailed godwit, black-tailed godwit, common goldeneye, common greenshank, common redshank, common ringed plover, common shelduck, dunlin, Eurasian teal, Eurasian wigeon, European golden plover, gadwall, goosander, great-crested grebe, grey plover, mallard, northern lapwing, northern pintail, northern shoveler, red knot, red-breasted merganser, ruddy turnstone, and sanderling. (continued from above)








Identified impact


Waddenzee Ramsar


Displacement As Waddenzee SPA above. No adverse effect on integrity

Collision risk As Waddenzee SPA above. No adverse effect on integrity

Barrier effects As Waddenzee SPA above. No adverse effect on integrity

Wintering waterbird species and assemblage – Bar-tailed godwit, black-tailed godwit, common goldeneye, common greenshank, common redshank, common ringed plover, common shelduck, dunlin, Eurasian teal, Eurasian wigeon, European golden plover, gadwall, goosander, great-crested grebe, grey plover, mallard, northern lapwing, northern pintail, northern shoveler, red knot, red-breasted merganser, ruddy turnstone, and sanderling.

Collision risk As Waddenzee SPA above. No adverse effect on integrity

Barrier effects As Waddenzee SPA above. No adverse effect on integrity





Identified impact


Zwanenwater SPA Breeding - Lesser black-backed gull







Project alone – using an avoidance rate of 98% an annual collision total of 33 birds, based on a mean of survey data, was attributed to the suite of SPAs. Dogger Bank Teesside A & B is outside the mean maximum foraging range of any protected sites designated for breeding populations of this species. Apportioning of the annual collision estimate therefore relates to non-breeding birds, with a loss of 0.05 birds apportioned to this SPA (0.01% of the SPA population and an increase in background mortality of 0.12%) – see Table A9.36d in Appendix 9 of Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES. This predicted magnitude of impact is considered to be negligible and not significant in relation to the SPA and Ramsar site’s lesser black-backed gull population.












Identified impact


Zwanenwater Ramsar


Displacement As Zwanenwater SPA above. No adverse effect on integrity

Collision risk As Zwanenwater SPA above. No adverse effect on integrity

Barrier effects As Zwanenwater SPA above. No adverse effect on integrity



Table D7 Summary of appropriate assessment outcomes for SPAs and Ramsar sites in Norway



Identified impact


Jaeren Wetland System Ramsar

Passage - Common goldeneye, dunlin, Eurasian wigeon, European golden plover, grey plover, hen harrier, northern lapwing, red knot, and tufted duck.

Collision risk Project alone – the migration routes and information presented in Wright et al. (2012) demonstrate that for many species there is significant movement of migratory birds between continental sites and the UK. The majority of migratory birds on passage in Norway will arrive via routes that would not impinge upon the Dogger Bank Zone. Unless there is onward movement of these birds to the UK across the central and northern sectors of the North Sea, then no potential collision risk would arise. However, given interchange and/or onward movement of birds to the UK, part of the populations that are present at this site could be affected by collision. As such, the results of the migrant collision analysis in respect of the percentage of the GB and Ireland population also apply to continental SPAs that form staging posts for onward migration to the UK or sites used by birds on return migration from the UK For all species for which migration zones overlap with the development area it is calculated that on an annual basis the potential mortality associated with collision risk is likely to represent significantly less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland population (i.e. prior to apportioning to individual SPAs) - see Section 6.6 and Table 6.28 in Appendix B of the HRA Report. Based on this, impacts at migratory population or individual designated site levels are considered highly unlikely.






Identified impact


Jaeren Wetland System Ramsar (continued from above)

Passage - Common goldeneye, dunlin, Eurasian wigeon, European golden plover, grey plover, hen harrier, northern lapwing, red knot, and tufted duck. (continued from above)








Identified impact


Jaeren Wetland System Ramsar (continued from above)

Passage - Common goldeneye, dunlin, Eurasian wigeon, European golden plover, grey plover, hen harrier, northern lapwing, red knot, and tufted duck. (continued from above)

Barrier effects Project alone –Potentially wind farm development on Dogger Bank would only act as a barrier to designated bird populations of this site when undertaking return migration from the UK or via the North Sea. An indication of the effect on migratory populations can be gained from the analysis of the impact on the GB populations. The percentages of Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations exposed to potential barrier effects were less than 1% for most species considered, but greater than 1% for 17 species’ populations (see Table 6.25 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). Potentially, the barrier effect may not arise as birds could increase flight height in order to avoid the windfarm and any potential increase in energetic costs that deviation might present. Consequently, it is concluded that the potential barrier posed by wind farm development would be unlikely to have a detrimental impact upon the energetics of these migratory birds such that an effect at either the population or individual protected site level would arise.








Identified impact


Lista Wetlands System Ramsar

Breeding – lesser black-backed gull







Project alone - specific collision mortality for this Ramsar site is not calculated. However, Dogger Bank Teesside A & B is outside the maximum foraging range of any protected sites designated for breeding populations of this species. The calculated annual collision estimate for all lesser black-backed gull therefore relates to non-breeding birds. The calculated maximum of the non-breeding population affected by collision and attributable to any individual SPA and/or Ramsar site is 0.01% (see Table A9.36d in Appendix 9 of Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES). This predicted magnitude of impact is considered to be negligible and not significant in relation to the Ramsar’s lesser black-backed gull population.


In combination - specific collision mortality for this Ramsar site is not calculated. In combination - Table 7.29 shows that a total of 2,536 annual collision losses are predicted for lesser black-backed gull from the projects screened into the in-combination assessment. The very small collision loss of non-breeding birds attributed to this SPA from Dogger Bank Teesside A & B alone (see above) indicates that any contribution of lesser black-backed gull collision losses during the operation of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B wind farm would be non-significant. None of the other projects examined apportioned collision losses to this Ramsar population.










Identified impact


Lista Wetlands System Ramsar (continued from above)

Passage - Common pochard, common ringed plover, common scoter, dunlin, starling, and tufted duck.

Collision risk Project alone – the migration routes and information presented in Wright et al. (2012) demonstrate that for many species there is significant movement of migratory birds between continental sites and the UK. The majority of migratory birds on passage in Norway will arrive via routes that would not impinge upon the Dogger Bank Zone. Unless there is onward movement of these birds to the UK across the central and northern sectors of the North Sea, then no potential collision risk would arise. However, given interchange and/or onward movement of birds to the UK, part of the populations that are present at this site could be affected by collision. As such, the results of the migrant collision analysis in respect of the percentage of the GB and Ireland population also apply to continental SPAs that form staging posts for onward migration to the UK or sites used by birds on return migration from the UK For all species for which migration zones overlap with the development area it is calculated that on an annual basis the potential mortality associated with collision risk is likely to represent significantly less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland population (i.e. prior to apportioning to individual SPAs) - see Section 6.6 and Table 6.28 in Appendix B of the HRA Report. Based on this, impacts at migratory population or individual designated site levels are considered highly unlikely.






Identified impact



Passage - Common pochard, common ringed plover, common scoter, dunlin, starling, and tufted duck. (continued from above)








Identified impact



Passage - Common pochard, common ringed plover, common scoter, dunlin, starling, and tufted duck. (continued from above)

Barrier effects Project alone – Potentially wind farm development on Dogger Bank would only act as a barrier to designated bird populations of this site when undertaking return migration from the UK or via the North Sea. An indication of the effect on migratory populations can be gained from the analysis of the impact on the GB populations. The percentages of Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations exposed to potential barrier effects were less than 1% for most species considered, but greater than 1% for 17 species’ populations (see Table 6.25 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). Potentially, the barrier effect may not arise as birds could increase flight height in order to avoid the windfarm and any potential increase in energetic costs that deviation might present. Consequently, it is concluded that the potential barrier posed by wind farm development would be unlikely to have a detrimental impact upon the energetics of these migratory birds such that an effect at either the population or individual protected site level would arise.








Identified impact


Rott-Hastein Kjor Ramsar

Breeding – Black-legged kittiwake, common guillemot, and Atlantic puffin.







Project alone - assuming a 98% avoidance rate, the number of collisions predicted based on mean population estimates is 134 birds – see Table 6.26 in Appendix B of the HRA Report. Of these collisions 108 are assigned to the suite of SPAs/Ramsar sites considered in the assessment. Dogger Bank Teesside A & B is outside the maximum foraging range of black-legged kittiwake that could derive from this Ramsar site. No specific apportioning of collision mortalities to this site has been undertaken. However, on the basis of the predicted increase in background mortality (0.17%) across all of the sites screened into the assessment (see Table A9.35d in Appendix 9 of Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES) also applying to this site the predicted magnitude of impact is not considered to be significant at the population level.



In combination – data on predicted collision estimates for black-legged kittiwake are available for 20 additional projects. The cumulative collision estimate for black-legged kittiwake is estimated as 2,157 birds per year from these projects (see Table 7.29 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). None of the projects examined apportioned collision losses during the non-breeding season to this SPA. No in-combination impact is therefore predicted.






Identified impact


Rott-Hastein Kjor Ramsar (continued from above)

Breeding – Black-legged kittiwake, lesser black-backed gull, common guillemot, and Atlantic puffin. (continued from above)


Project alone – the distance between Dogger Bank Teesside A & B and this SPA is greater than the maximum foraging range of black-legged kittiwake. Therefore no birds from this Ramsar site would be expected to occur in the area during the breeding season. No barrier effect is therefore predicted.









Project alone - specific collision mortality for this Ramsar site is not calculated. However, Dogger Bank Teesside A & B is outside the maximum foraging range of any protected sites designated for breeding populations of this species. The calculated annual collision estimate for all lesser black-backed gull therefore relates to non-breeding birds. The calculated maximum of the non-breeding population affected by collision and attributable to any individual SPA and/or Ramsar site is 0.01% (see Table A9.36d in Appendix 9 of Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES) which equates to a 0.12% increase in the rate of background mortality. This predicted magnitude of impact is considered to be negligible and not significant in relation to the Ramsar’s lesser black-backed gull population.


In combination - specific collision mortality for this Ramsar site is not calculated. Table 7.29 shows that a total of 2,536 annual collision losses are predicted for lesser black-backed gull from the projects screened into the in-combination assessment. The very small collision loss of non-breeding birds attributed to this SPA from Dogger Bank Teesside A & B alone (see above) indicates that any contribution of lesser black-backed gull collision losses during the operation of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B wind farm would be non-significant. None of the other projects examined apportioned collision losses to this Ramsar population. Therefore, no in-combination impact would arise.






Identified impact





Project alone - Dogger Bank Teesside A & B is located beyond the mean maximum foraging range of lesser black-backed gull and therefore no birds from this Ramsar site would be expected to occur in the area during the breeding season. No barrier effect is therefore predicted.




Project alone - specific mean data, disturbance and displacement analysis for this Ramsar site is not calculated. However, using a 50% displacement rate provides a figure of 5,511 displaced birds (1,108 during breeding months, 4,403 during other months of the year). A precautionary mortality rate of 5% has been assigned to this species based on knowledge of the foraging ecology of this species and the magnitude of the habitat loss that could occur as a result of displacement from within the site of the operational wind farm development. Taking account of potential mortality, displacement could result in the loss of 276 birds (37 during the breeding season) across all of the SPAs in the greater North Sea region (see Tables A9.39a-d in Appendix 9 of Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES). The calculated displacement estimate for common guillemot relates to non-breeding birds, as the Ramsar site is outside the foraging range during the breeding seasons for this species. The calculated maximum of the non-breeding population affected by displacement and attributable to any individual SPA and/or Ramsar site’s population that would be affected is 0.02% (see Table A9.39d in Appendix 9 in Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES). This predicted magnitude of impact is considered to be negligible and not significant in relation to this Ramsar’s common guillemot population.






Identified impact





In combination – predictions of the numbers of common guillemot potentially displaced were available for 16 other projects (see Table 7.20 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). The cumulative number of birds estimated to be displaced across these projects was 64,557. A combined total of 1,888 birds are predicted to be lost through mortality following displacement from the projects considered in the assessment (see Table 7.22 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). Apportioning of the affected birds to individual SPAs is presented in Table 7.23 in Appendix B of the HRA Report. No displacement mortalities were apportioned to this Ramsar site. However, for Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D the calculated cumulative loss would represent 0.11% of any SPA or Ramsar site’s non-breeding population (see Table A9.56d in Appendix 9 in Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES. No other projects apportioned displacement mortalities to this SPA. This predicted magnitude of impact is not considered to be significant at the population level.








Project alone – the distance between Dogger Bank Teesside A & B and this Ramsar site is greater than the maximum foraging range of common guillemot. Therefore no birds from this Ramsar site would be expected to occur in the area during the breeding season. No barrier effect is therefore predicted.







Identified impact





Project alone - based on the mean data, disturbance and displacement analysis (50% displacement rate) undertaken provides a mean of 168 displaced birds (all non-breeders). A precautionary mortality rate of 5% has been assigned to this species based on knowledge of the foraging ecology of this species and the magnitude of the habitat loss that could occur as a result of displacement from within the site of the operational wind farm development. Therefore, in total, a predicted eight birds could die as a result of displacement from the wind farm area (see Tables A9.45a-d in Appendix 9 in Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES for a breakdown of the annual data). In total, this species is a feature of 16 SPAs situated around the North Sea. Dogger Bank Teesside A & B is outside the mean maximum foraging range during the breeding season of any SPAs/Ramsar sites supporting qualifying populations of this species. Attribution of predicted losses to this Ramsar site would result in a population impact <0.01%. This predicted magnitude of impact is not considered to be significant at the population level.


In combination - predictions of the numbers of Atlantic puffin potentially displaced were available for 13 other projects (see Table 7.20 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). The cumulative number of birds estimated to be displaced across these projects was 11,119. A combined total of 524 birds are predicted to be lost through mortality following displacement from the projects considered in the assessment (see Table 7.27 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). Apportioning of the affected birds to individual SPAs/Ramsar sites is presented in Table 7.28 in Appendix B of the HRA Report. The relatively small number (37) of puffin affected by all three Dogger Bank projects results in a near zero percentage impact on relevant SPA/Ramsar site populations screened into the assessment (see Table A9.62d in Appendix 9 of Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES). No birds affected by other projects were apportioned to this Ramsar. This predicted magnitude of impact is not considered to be significant at the population level.






Identified impact










Project alone – the distance between Dogger Bank Teesside A & B and this Ramsar site is greater than the mean maximum foraging range of Atlantic puffin. Therefore no birds from this Ramsar site would be expected to occur in the area during the breeding season. No barrier effect is therefore predicted.





Table D8 Summary of appropriate assessment outcomes for SPAs and Ramsar sites in Sweden



Identified impact


Falsterbo-Foteviken SPA Galto lera-Algo lera SPA Gamla Kopstad SPA Getterons fagelreservat SPA Kungsbackafjorden SPA Loddeans mynning SPA Lommaomradet SPA Lundakrabukten SPA Morups tange SPA Nidingen SPA Nordre alvs Estuarium SPA Skalderviken SPA Tylon SPA


Collision risk Project alone – the migration routes and information presented in Wright et al. (2012) demonstrate that for many species there is significant movement of migratory birds between continental sites and the UK. The majority of migratory birds on passage and wintering in Sweden will arrive via routes that would not impinge upon the Dogger Bank Zone. Unless there is onward movement of these birds to the UK across the central and northern sectors of the North Sea, then no potential collision risk would arise. However, given interchange and/or onward movement of birds to the UK, part of the populations that are present at this site could be affected by collision. As such, the results of the migrant collision analysis in respect of the percentage of the GB and Ireland population also apply to continental SPAs that form staging posts for onward migration to the UK or sites used by birds on return migration from the UK For all species for which migration zones overlap with the development area it is calculated that on an annual basis the potential mortality associated with collision risk is likely to represent significantly less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland population (i.e. prior to apportioning to individual SPAs) - see Section 6.6 and Table 6.28 in Appendix B of the HRA Report. Based on this, impacts at migratory population or individual designated site levels are considered highly unlikely.






Identified impact





In combination - see comments and conclusions for project alone above. Collision risk estimates for migratory species were available for eight further projects (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report), including Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D. For Dogger Bank Teesside A & B, Dogger Bank Creyke Beck A & B, and Dogger Bank Teesside C & D the collision risk is likely to represent significantly less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). For Hornsea Project One, potential collision risk and mortality estimates were calculated for twelve selected species of waterbird (seven waders and five waterfowl) based on a relatively high proportion of birds occurring within the regional SPAs close to the proposed Hornsea Project One wind farm development. The migratory paths of all twelve species also overlap with the Dogger Bank Zone and therefore potential cumulative impacts on migratory populations could occur. A number of migratory species with flight paths that overlap with the Dogger Bank Zone were also assessed for the Inch Cape project. For the other projects considered, only two species (barnacle goose and common scoter) had migratory paths that overlapped with the Dogger Bank Zone. For all species for which migration zones overlap with the development area and other project areas it is calculated that on an annual basis the potential mortality associated with collision risk would represent less than 0.1% of the Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations (see Table 7.38 in Appendix B of the HRA Report).






Identified impact




Barrier effects Project alone – Potentially wind farm development on Dogger Bank would only act as a barrier to designated bird populations of these sites when undertaking return migration from the UK or via the North Sea. An indication of the effect on migratory populations can be gained from the analysis of the impact on the GB populations. The percentages of Great Britain or Great Britain and Ireland populations exposed to potential barrier effects were less than 1% for most species considered, but greater than 1% for 17 species’ populations (see Table 6.25 in Appendix B of the HRA Report). Potentially, the barrier effect may not arise as birds could increase flight height in order to avoid the windfarm and any potential increase in energetic costs that deviation might present. Consequently, it is concluded that the potential barrier posed by wind farm development would be unlikely to have a detrimental impact upon the energetics of these migratory birds such that an effect at either the population or individual protected site level would arise.








Identified impact


Hallands Vadero SPA




















Identified impact


Hallands Vadero SPA (continued from above)

Breeding – Common guillemot.


Project alone - based on mean data, disturbance and displacement analysis (using a 50% displacement rate) provides a figure of 5,511 displaced birds (1,108 during breeding months, 4,403 during other months of the year). A precautionary mortality rate of 5% has been assigned to this species based on knowledge of the foraging ecology of this species and the magnitude of the habitat loss that could occur as a result of displacement from within the site of the operational wind farm development. Taking account of potential mortality, displacement could result in the loss of 276 birds (37 during the breeding season) across all of the SPAs in the greater North Sea region (see Tables A9.39a-d in Appendix 9 of Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES). Dogger Bank Teesside A & B is located outside the maximum foraging range of common guillemot that could derive from this SPA. Through attribution of the displacement impact it is estimated that close to zero non-breeding birds from this SPA would be affected, representing 0.02% of the SPA population (see Table A9.39d in Appendix 9 in Appendix 11A of the Dogger Bank Teesside A & B ES). This predicted magnitude of impact is not considered to be significant at the population level.








Identified impact


Hallands Vadero SPA (continued from above)

Breeding – Common guillemot. (continued from above)










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