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HABITAT AND ADAPTATION

HABITATTHE SURROUNDINGS WHERE ORGANISMS LIVE IS CALLED A HABITAT.HABITAT HAS GOT TWO COMPONENTS

BIOTIC

ABIOTICPLANTSANIMALSROCKSSOILWATERAIRHABITATTERRESTRIAL AQUATIC MOUNTAINS OCEANS GRASS LAND PONDS AND LAKESDESERT RIVERSImagine yourself at a picnic in a park. It is a beautiful day, and everything is just great! You lay out your food, build a fire, and start roasting your hot dogs. Then, suddenly, the wind starts blowing, the sky gets cloudy, lightning flashes, thunder rolls, and rain starts pouring down. You, your food, and your fire, all start to get wet. What are you going to do?Well, you have some choices:You could do nothing, in which case, your food will get soaked, your fire will go out, and you will get cold and wet and probably hungry. You might even be struck by lightning!You could put on a big raincoat or put up a tarp to keep yourself, your food, and your fire dry while you finish your picnic. (Of course, you will still have to keep an eye on that pesky lightning.)You could pick up your stuff, go under a park shelter, and use the gas burners to cook your food and finish your picnic.You could just go home and have an indoor picnic.

If you choose to change: Yourself by putting on a raincoat, Your behavior by using a gas fire under a shelter rather than a wood fire out in the open, orYour location by going home, you will be changing or adapting to the changing weather so that you can continue to enjoy your picnic

On the other hand, if you choose to do nothing to adapt to the changing conditions, you will probably make yourself miserable, prevent yourself from finishing your picnic, and you might even make yourself extinct!

But environments change. Just as your picnic environment changed when the cloudburst came, environments around the world change over time. And as environments change, the plants and animals living in them must change and adapt to the new conditions. They must change the shape and function of their bodies (physical adaptation), or they must change their behavior (behavioral adaptation), or they must move to a different place that has the environment they need. Otherwise, they too become uncomfortable and possibly extinct!

ADAPTATIONAnything that helps an organism survive in its environment is an adaptation.

It also refers to the ability of living things to adjust to different conditions within their environments.

DESERT

ADAPTATIONS OF DESERT ANIMALScamels have long legs Which helps to keep their bodies away from the heat of sandThey excrete small amount of urineThey do not sweatAnimals like snakes and lizards stay in burrows during day time to escape the heatFennec fox have long ears to cool itself.ADAPTATION OF DESERT PLANTSLeaves modified to spines to reduce transpirationPhotosynthesis is carried out by stemsStem covered with waxy layer, helps to retain waterRoots grow deep into the soil to absorb water

Camels

Big, flat feetEnable camels to walk on the sandwithout sinking into it.HumpsCamel can store asupply of water so it doesnt have to stop to drinkLong eyelashesKeeps sand from storms and glaring sun fromcamels eyes.Long LegsANIMALS FOUND IN DESERT

MOUNTAIN REGIONS

Who would live here?

ADAPTATIONS OF PLANTS AND ANIMALSHave thick skin or fur to protect from coldEg: yak, tiger, angora rabbitStrong hoofs for running up rocky slopesEg: mountain goat

Cone shaped trees with sloping branches help snow to slide off easilyNeedle like leavesCone shape of trees help to withstand strong winds

GRASS LANDS

ADAPTATIONSPREDATORAbility to blend with the surroundings, eg: light brown color of lionEyes in front of face allow correct location of preyPREYStrong teeth for chewing hard plant stemsLong ears to hear movements of predatorEyes on the sides of head allow to look in all directionsGreat speed

AQUATIC HABITATSOCEANSPONDS AND LAKES

OCEANS

ADAPTATIONSStreamlined bodyGills to breathe dissolved oxygen in waterIn mammals, nostrils located on the upper parts of their heads helps to breathe in airCan stay under water for along time without breathing

PONDS AND LAKESPLANTSRoots are reduced in size, main function is to hold the plant in placeStems are hollow and lightThin ribbon like leaves, allow water to flow over them without damaging themWebbed feet as in duck and frog help in swimmingStream lined body and fins in fishes help them to swim

LIFE PROCESSESLooking at living thingsLiving thingsAlthough all living things look different from each other, they all have seven things in common.

These seven things are called life processes.

Something is only alive if it does all seven processes.

THE SEVEN LIFE PROCESSES1All living things moveAnimals move their whole bodies to get from one place to another.

Plants turn towards the light and their roots grow down into the soil.

2All living things reproduceAnimals have babies.

New plants grow from seeds.

3All living things are sensitiveAll living things respond to changes. Living things notice changes in their surroundings and react to them.

Eg. Plants grow towards the light.

Eg. People react to the temperature around them.

4All living things need nutritionFood is used to provide energy.

Green plants make their own food using sunlight.

Animals eat plants or other animals.

5All living things excreteWaste substances must be removed from the body.

Plants and animals both need to get rid of waste gas and water.

6All living things respirePlants and animals use the oxygen in the air to turn food into energy.

7All living things growBabies grow into adults.

Seedlings grow into plants.

The seven life processes1 Move2 Reproduce3 Sensitive4 Nutrition5 Excrete6 Respire7 GrowUse the first letter from each process to help you remember them. Move Reproduce Sensitive NutritionExcrete Respire Grow

They spell MRS NERGThis is MRS NERG !

Can you remember what each of the letters in her name stand for ?