h h chapter 1: neurons as the building blocks of behavior h h measuring behavior h h in a natural...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: H H chapter 1: neurons as the building blocks of behavior H H measuring behavior H H in a natural setting H H in a laboratory setting H H chapter 1: neurons](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020922/56649e115503460f94afe0ba/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
chapter 1: neurons as the building blocks of behavior
measuring behavior
in a natural setting
in a laboratory setting
chapter 1: neurons as the building blocks of behavior
measuring behavior
in a natural setting
in a laboratory setting
#02: BEHAVIORAL ANALYSIS
![Page 2: H H chapter 1: neurons as the building blocks of behavior H H measuring behavior H H in a natural setting H H in a laboratory setting H H chapter 1: neurons](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020922/56649e115503460f94afe0ba/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Pavlov & Thorndike
LABORATORY SETTING
![Page 3: H H chapter 1: neurons as the building blocks of behavior H H measuring behavior H H in a natural setting H H in a laboratory setting H H chapter 1: neurons](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020922/56649e115503460f94afe0ba/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
learn temporal relationships value of CS changes, predicts occurrence of US
p.10 fig.1.4
food = unconditioned stimulus (US)... salivation = unconditioned response (UR) to US bell = conditioned stimulus (CS)... CS (naïve) 0 response CS + US pairing = training CS (trained) salivation = conditioned response (CR)
Pavlov: classical or Pavlovian conditioning, dogs stimulus “value” changes when paired with another
LABORATORY SETTING
![Page 4: H H chapter 1: neurons as the building blocks of behavior H H measuring behavior H H in a natural setting H H in a laboratory setting H H chapter 1: neurons](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020922/56649e115503460f94afe0ba/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
cat associates own escape behavior with box features food in view outside box (motivation) levels of difficulty (e.g., pull string to excape) record time for escape
p.10 fig.1.4
Thorndike: instrumental or operant conditioning hungry cats, puzzle boxes
LABORATORY SETTING
![Page 5: H H chapter 1: neurons as the building blocks of behavior H H measuring behavior H H in a natural setting H H in a laboratory setting H H chapter 1: neurons](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020922/56649e115503460f94afe0ba/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
in both, animals learn... existence of stimuli temporal relationships among stimuli
in operant only, animals learn... relationships between stimuli & their own behavior
in classical, animals receive... measured stimulus, controlled by experimenter
in operant, animals receive... stimulus determined by time to elicit behavior
learning is usually a combination of classical & operant
LABORATORY SETTING
![Page 6: H H chapter 1: neurons as the building blocks of behavior H H measuring behavior H H in a natural setting H H in a laboratory setting H H chapter 1: neurons](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020922/56649e115503460f94afe0ba/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
test: previously unseen pairs able to transfer the “rule” to new situations did not simply learn pattern of cards learned that relationship between stimuli is critial
p.12 fig.1.5
train: food reward for turning right if top lighter left if top darker
what do animals associate in associative learning ? rats, radial arm maze (B)
left & right choices paired light & dark stimuli (A)
LABORATORY SETTING
![Page 7: H H chapter 1: neurons as the building blocks of behavior H H measuring behavior H H in a natural setting H H in a laboratory setting H H chapter 1: neurons](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020922/56649e115503460f94afe0ba/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
other tests using the radial arm maze
p.12 fig.1.5
trained to retrieve food from each arm, no revisits remember which arms visited within each trial no need to remember info from trial to trial uses working memory
trained with food in some arms memory from trial to trial uses reference memory
LABORATORY SETTING
![Page 8: H H chapter 1: neurons as the building blocks of behavior H H measuring behavior H H in a natural setting H H in a laboratory setting H H chapter 1: neurons](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020922/56649e115503460f94afe0ba/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
development physiology behavior
STRUCTURE ... ... FUNCTION
Neurobiology
LABORATORY SETTING
![Page 9: H H chapter 1: neurons as the building blocks of behavior H H measuring behavior H H in a natural setting H H in a laboratory setting H H chapter 1: neurons](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020922/56649e115503460f94afe0ba/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
E1 E2
G1
G2
components of phenotypes
MEASURING BEHAVIOR – VARIATION
![Page 10: H H chapter 1: neurons as the building blocks of behavior H H measuring behavior H H in a natural setting H H in a laboratory setting H H chapter 1: neurons](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020922/56649e115503460f94afe0ba/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
components of phenotypes (e.g., behavior)
P = G + E + G*E genotype (heredity) environment (experience) interaction
... for our purposes this could be ...
behavior = instinct + learning + ... ?
MEASURING BEHAVIOR – VARIATION
![Page 11: H H chapter 1: neurons as the building blocks of behavior H H measuring behavior H H in a natural setting H H in a laboratory setting H H chapter 1: neurons](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020922/56649e115503460f94afe0ba/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
G1
G2
PHENOTYPE
G
ENVIRONMENT
E1
E2
E1
E2
G+E
E
E1
E2
E1
E2
G*E
MEASURING BEHAVIOR – VARIATION
![Page 12: H H chapter 1: neurons as the building blocks of behavior H H measuring behavior H H in a natural setting H H in a laboratory setting H H chapter 1: neurons](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020922/56649e115503460f94afe0ba/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
components of phenotypes (e.g., behavior)
P = G + E + G*E genotype (heredity) environment (experience) interaction
where does E come from ?
MEASURING BEHAVIOR – VARIATION
![Page 13: H H chapter 1: neurons as the building blocks of behavior H H measuring behavior H H in a natural setting H H in a laboratory setting H H chapter 1: neurons](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020922/56649e115503460f94afe0ba/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
GENESMESSAGESPEPTIDESPROTEINS
PROTEIN COMPLEXESORGANELLES
NEURONSASSEMBLIESSTRUCTURES
CIRCUITSNERVOUS SYSTEM
WHOLE ANIMALBEHAVIOR
EXPERIENCE
ENVIRONMENT
PLASTICITY
verticalintegration
INFORMATION FLOW
EN
VIR
ON
ME
NT
![Page 14: H H chapter 1: neurons as the building blocks of behavior H H measuring behavior H H in a natural setting H H in a laboratory setting H H chapter 1: neurons](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020922/56649e115503460f94afe0ba/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
components of phenotypes (e.g., behavior)
P = G + E + G*E genotype (heredity) environment (experience) interaction
where does E come from ? what aspects of E would you try to control
in your behavior experiment ? what would you need to include ?
MEASURING BEHAVIOR – VARIATION
![Page 15: H H chapter 1: neurons as the building blocks of behavior H H measuring behavior H H in a natural setting H H in a laboratory setting H H chapter 1: neurons](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020922/56649e115503460f94afe0ba/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
components of phenotypes (e.g., behavior)
P = G + E + G*E genotype (heredity) environment (experience) interaction
where does E come from ?
where does G come from ?
MEASURING BEHAVIOR – VARIATION
![Page 16: H H chapter 1: neurons as the building blocks of behavior H H measuring behavior H H in a natural setting H H in a laboratory setting H H chapter 1: neurons](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020922/56649e115503460f94afe0ba/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
GENESMESSAGESPEPTIDESPROTEINS
PROTEIN COMPLEXESORGANELLES
NEURONSASSEMBLIESSTRUCTURES
CIRCUITSNERVOUS SYSTEM
WHOLE ANIMALBEHAVIOR
EXPERIENCE
ENVIRONMENT
PLASTICITY
verticalintegration
INFORMATION FLOW
![Page 17: H H chapter 1: neurons as the building blocks of behavior H H measuring behavior H H in a natural setting H H in a laboratory setting H H chapter 1: neurons](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020922/56649e115503460f94afe0ba/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
GENESMESSAGESPEPTIDESPROTEINS
PROTEIN COMPLEXESORGANELLES
NEURONSASSEMBLIESSTRUCTURES
CIRCUITSNERVOUS SYSTEM
WHOLE ANIMALBEHAVIOR
EXPERIENCE
ENVIRONMENT
PLASTICITY
verticalintegration
INFORMATION FLOW
![Page 18: H H chapter 1: neurons as the building blocks of behavior H H measuring behavior H H in a natural setting H H in a laboratory setting H H chapter 1: neurons](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020922/56649e115503460f94afe0ba/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
how to identify natural sources: gene # / influence from F2 phenotype ratios
SOURCES OF GENETIC VARIATION
![Page 19: H H chapter 1: neurons as the building blocks of behavior H H measuring behavior H H in a natural setting H H in a laboratory setting H H chapter 1: neurons](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020922/56649e115503460f94afe0ba/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
0
1
FREQUENCY
PHENOTYPE
1 gene1 allele( = 0)
GENETIC PHENOTYPIC VARIATION
![Page 20: H H chapter 1: neurons as the building blocks of behavior H H measuring behavior H H in a natural setting H H in a laboratory setting H H chapter 1: neurons](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020922/56649e115503460f94afe0ba/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
FREQUENCY
PHENOTYPE
1 gene2 allelesno dominance
GENETIC PHENOTYPIC VARIATION
![Page 21: H H chapter 1: neurons as the building blocks of behavior H H measuring behavior H H in a natural setting H H in a laboratory setting H H chapter 1: neurons](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020922/56649e115503460f94afe0ba/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
FREQUENCY
PHENOTYPE
GENETIC PHENOTYPIC VARIATION
2 additive genes2 alleles eachno dominance
![Page 22: H H chapter 1: neurons as the building blocks of behavior H H measuring behavior H H in a natural setting H H in a laboratory setting H H chapter 1: neurons](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020922/56649e115503460f94afe0ba/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
FREQUENCY
PHENOTYPE
164
3 genes
14n
GENETIC PHENOTYPIC VARIATION
3 additive genes2 alleles eachno dominance
![Page 23: H H chapter 1: neurons as the building blocks of behavior H H measuring behavior H H in a natural setting H H in a laboratory setting H H chapter 1: neurons](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020922/56649e115503460f94afe0ba/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
how to identify natural sources: gene # / influence from F2 phenotype ratios
artificial selection
SOURCES OF GENETIC VARIATION
![Page 24: H H chapter 1: neurons as the building blocks of behavior H H measuring behavior H H in a natural setting H H in a laboratory setting H H chapter 1: neurons](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020922/56649e115503460f94afe0ba/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
FREQUENCY
PHENOTYPE
GENETIC PHENOTYPIC VARIATION
n additive genes2 alleles eachno dominance
![Page 25: H H chapter 1: neurons as the building blocks of behavior H H measuring behavior H H in a natural setting H H in a laboratory setting H H chapter 1: neurons](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020922/56649e115503460f94afe0ba/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
xx0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
FREQUENCY
0.00
PHENOTYPE
MEASURING BEHAVIOR – ARTIFICIAL SELECTION
![Page 26: H H chapter 1: neurons as the building blocks of behavior H H measuring behavior H H in a natural setting H H in a laboratory setting H H chapter 1: neurons](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020922/56649e115503460f94afe0ba/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
ARTIFICIAL SELECTION – LEARNING IN FLIES
![Page 27: H H chapter 1: neurons as the building blocks of behavior H H measuring behavior H H in a natural setting H H in a laboratory setting H H chapter 1: neurons](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020922/56649e115503460f94afe0ba/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
relaxselection
10 15
fixed
not
ARTIFICIAL SELECTION – LEARNING IN FLIES
![Page 28: H H chapter 1: neurons as the building blocks of behavior H H measuring behavior H H in a natural setting H H in a laboratory setting H H chapter 1: neurons](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020922/56649e115503460f94afe0ba/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
speed things up with induced sources: chemical mutagens – “point” mutations ionizing radiation – chromosome rearrangements transposon insertions – disrupt gene activity transgene expression – block / add / change gene function
– qualitative / quantitative – spatial / temporal control
how to identify natural sources: gene # / influence from F2 phenotype ratios
artificial selection
SOURCES OF GENETIC VARIATION
![Page 29: H H chapter 1: neurons as the building blocks of behavior H H measuring behavior H H in a natural setting H H in a laboratory setting H H chapter 1: neurons](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020922/56649e115503460f94afe0ba/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
induced sources of genetic variation:+ : rapid gain toward understanding mechanism− : may find a subset of the genes evolution “designed” to
control behavior
natural sources of genetic variation: + : the genes evolution “designed” to control of behavior− : lots of effort, little gain toward understanding mechanism
SOURCES OF GENETIC VARIATION
![Page 30: H H chapter 1: neurons as the building blocks of behavior H H measuring behavior H H in a natural setting H H in a laboratory setting H H chapter 1: neurons](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020922/56649e115503460f94afe0ba/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
1 GENE
![Page 31: H H chapter 1: neurons as the building blocks of behavior H H measuring behavior H H in a natural setting H H in a laboratory setting H H chapter 1: neurons](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020922/56649e115503460f94afe0ba/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
POLYGENY
![Page 32: H H chapter 1: neurons as the building blocks of behavior H H measuring behavior H H in a natural setting H H in a laboratory setting H H chapter 1: neurons](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020922/56649e115503460f94afe0ba/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
PLEIOTROPY
![Page 33: H H chapter 1: neurons as the building blocks of behavior H H measuring behavior H H in a natural setting H H in a laboratory setting H H chapter 1: neurons](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020922/56649e115503460f94afe0ba/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
![Page 34: H H chapter 1: neurons as the building blocks of behavior H H measuring behavior H H in a natural setting H H in a laboratory setting H H chapter 1: neurons](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020922/56649e115503460f94afe0ba/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
development physiology behavior
STRUCTURE ... ... FUNCTION
Neurobiology
LABORATORY SETTING
![Page 35: H H chapter 1: neurons as the building blocks of behavior H H measuring behavior H H in a natural setting H H in a laboratory setting H H chapter 1: neurons](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020922/56649e115503460f94afe0ba/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
behavior significance interesting invariant
convenience cost sample size maintenance disease
research tools genetics / genomics molecular biology cell biology pharmacology physiology anatomy
ethical issues organisms research questions homology ?
A GOOD BEHAVIOR MODEL ORGANISM ?