gwen a. frishkoff department of psychologyneuroinformatics center
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Mental Functioning is Neural Functioning: Towards a Unified Ontology of Mind, Brain, and Behavior. Gwen A. Frishkoff Department of PsychologyNeuroInformatics Center Georgia State UniversityUniversity of Oregon. Outline of Talk. What is a mental process? - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Mental Functioning is Neural Functioning: Towards a Unified Ontology of
Mind, Brain, and Behavior
Gwen A. Frishkoff
Department of Psychology NeuroInformatics CenterGeorgia State University University of Oregon
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Outline of Talk• What is a mental process?
– A view from cognitive psychology– The Mind–Brain problem and three proposed
solutions (ontology views)
• A neurophsysiological framework for understanding mental processes– Levels of brain, levels of mind– What are mental representations “about”?
(Proposed solution to problems of subjectivity, aboutness)
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Outline of Talk• What is a mental process?
– A view from cognitive psychology– The Mind–Brain problem (redux) and three
proposed solutions (ontology views)
• A neurophsysiological framework for understanding mental processes– Levels of brain, levels of mind– What are mental representations “about”?
(Proposed solution to problems of subjectivity, aboutness)
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What is a Mental Process? A view from cognitive psychology
Short-term memory Cognitive control
Motor control,Action
Sensation, Perception
Long-term MemoryHabits & Skills
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How do we know any of this?
That is, where did the components of the standard model come from?
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mental processes
• Mental processes cannot be observed.* • They must be inferred based on what we can observe.
What can we observe?...
*We can revise this assumption later (if Mind = Brain)
The mind as a black box
X
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• Physical processes in body Behavior (response type, accuracy, reaction time)
• Physiological processes in brain Neural activity and correlates of neural activity (blood flow to brain regions)
What we can observe… and How
A schematic of Helmholtz’s apparatus for measuring the time course of muscle contraction and the propagation velocity of the nerve impulse. Source: Bennett, 1999.
A 256-channel electrode “net” that is used to measure brain electrical activity (EEG)
CogPO!
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What IS a mental process*?
* “process” and “function” are used interchangeably in this talk
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What IS a mental process?
NOTE: Dotted line designates indirect link within subsumption hierarchy
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Three proposed solutions
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Outline of Talk• What is a mental process?
– A view from cognitive psychology– The Mind–Brain problem (redux) and three
proposed solutions (ontology views)
• A neurophsysiological framework for understanding mental processes– Levels of brain, levels of mind– What are mental representations “about”?
(Proposed solution to problems of subjectivity, aboutness)
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“A mental process is NOT necessarily a physical process.”
⇒ Mental processes could be something qualitatively different from bodily and brain processes; aka Dualism (Mind ≠ Brain)
• Can accommodate lay view• Can explain properties of mind:
subjectivity aboutness
• Imprecise (what kind of process…?)• Unclear how Mind and Brain are related• Unnecessarily complex
ARGUMENTS IN FAVOR ARGUMENTS AGAINST
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“A mental process is a physical process, but is NOT necessarily a neural process.”
• Avoids Mind-Body dualism• More precise than Solution #1
ARGUMENTS IN FAVOR
• Still somewhat imprecise (what kind of bodily process…?)
• Does not make explicit the relationship between mental and neurophysiological processes
ARGUMENTS AGAINST
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“A mental process is a neural process.”
• Avoids Mind-Body dualism• More precise than other two
solutions• Gives ready framework for
comparative neurophysiology & comparative cognition
• Knowledge of brain structure & function informs understanding of mental function (and dysfunction)
ARGUMENTS IN FAVOR
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Outline of Talk• What is a mental process?
– A view from cognitive psychology– The Mind–Brain problem (redux) and three
proposed solutions (ontology views)
• A neurophsysiological framework for understanding mental processes– Levels of brain, levels of mind– What are mental representations “about”?
(Proposed solution to problems of subjectivity, aboutness)
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A neurophysiological framework for understanding types of mental process
• Unimodal regions: sensory and motor cortex
• Hetermodal regions Heteromodal association
cortex: “cognitive” functions Paralimbic regions: emotion
and motivation, self-regulatory functions
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Levels of brain, levels of mind
Mesulam, 1990
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Representation, monitoring and control of internal environment
(“self”)
Representation, monitoring and control of bodily interface to
external environment(“real world”)
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Mental representations: What are they “about”?
Peripheral (sensory-motor) parts of the body are “mapped” to (represented by) an orderly set of discrete regions within sensory and motor cortex.
Sensoy-motor maps in the brain
The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) Axis monitors and controls internal bodily functions, such as blood circulation, breathing, digestion, stress, and arousal.
Maps of the internal milieux
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Perception of internal (bodily)
environment(“self”)
Perception of external
environment/sensory input(“real world”)
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Mental processes, states, and representations
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Summary• What is a mental process?
– A view from cognitive psychology– The Mind–Brain problem (redux) and three
proposed solutions (ontology views)
• A neurophsysiological framework for understanding mental processes– Levels of brain, levels of mind– What are mental representations “about”?
(Proposed solution to problems of subjectivity, aboutness)
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Acknowledgements
Funding from the National Institutes of Health (NIBIB), R01-MH084812
(Dou, Frishkoff, Malony)