ENVIRONMENTAL INNOVATION

Bio plastic

What Is bio plastic ?

• Bioplastics are a form of plastics derived from renewable biomass sources, such as

•  Vegetable facts •  Oils•  Corn starch• Pea starch•  rather than fossil-fuel plastics which are derived 

from petroleum• These Bioplastics are designed to biodegrade

                 Biodegradable plastics are `environment-friendly'

Types ofBio Plastics Major Plastics and their common uses include….

• Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET or PETE) : Beverage Bottles, Food Containers, Luggage, Carpet, Furniture

• High Density Polyethylene (HDPE): Liquid Chemical Containers, Grocery Bags, Milk Cartons

• Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC): Pipes, Windows, Siding, Insulation Film, Blood Bags, Medical Tubing

• Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE): Produce Bags, Film, Flexible Lids

• Polypropylene (PP): Packaging, Ketchup Bottles, Automobile Battery Casings, Medicine Bottles

• Polystyrene (PS): Egg Crates, Fast-Food Restaurant Trays

• Other Plastics: Nylon in toothbrush bristles and clothing, Teflon in non-stick coating for frying pans, PMMA in contact lenses and rear light covers for vehicles,

How it will be applied

• Biodegradable Bioplastics are used for disposable items, such as packaging and catering items

• Like  (crockery, cutlery, pots, bowls, straws etc ). • Biodegradable Bioplastics are also often used for organic waste bags, where 

they can be composted together with the food or green waste• Some trays and containers for fruit, vegetables, eggs and meat, bottles for soft 

drinks and dairy products and blister foils for fruit and vegetables are manufactured from Bioplastics.

Environmental impact

• The production and use of Bioplastics is generally regarded as a more sustainable activity when compared with plastic production from petroleum (petro plastic)

• Because it relies less on fossil fuel as a carbon source and also introduces fewer, net-new greenhouse emissions if it biodegrades

• They significantly reduce hazardous waste caused by oil-derived plastics.

Extracted from

…..

Bio plastics

living beings

Micro organisms

Renewable 

resources

Process to make bio product

process 3 main steps• 1. resource allocation• 2.Makes in to raw material• 3.product  consumption 

Cost • most Bioplastics technology is relatively new and is

currently not cost competitive with petro plastics. • Bioplastics do not yet reach the fossil fuel parity on fossil

fuel-derived energy for their manufacturing, reducing the cost advantage over petroleum-based plastic.

• For example, medical implants made of PLA, which dissolve in the body, save patients a second operation.

• There are five different kinds of degradable plastic:  •  Biodegradable•  Compostable •  Hydro-biodegradable  •  Photo-degradable  • Bioerodable.   • These can be either organically based from renewable 

resources or synthetic with a petroleum base

Environmental benefits of biodegradable plastics

Reduces chemical input

Controls pollution

Lower cost

Lower energy required for production

Bio products

Challenges ahead

• Acceptance of biodegradable plastics is likely to depend on four unknowns:…..

• Customer response to costs that today is generally 2 to 4 times higher than for conventional plastics.

• Possible legislation (particularly concerning water-soluble polymers).

• The achievement of total biodegradability.

• The development of an infrastructure to collect, accepts, and process

• biodegradable plastics as a generally available option for waste disposal

How to make bio plastic out of potato ?

• You will need – • potato and • glycerin or  premade potato starch• baking soda• white vinegar• potato peeler• knife and a blender.

Instructions

• Wash, peel and dice the potato. Now put it in the blender till it blends into an even paste.

• Now strain with a tea strainer or coffee filter.You can use the starch right away or dry it.

• To make the plastic you need to add 7 tablespoons of water, 1 table spoon of the potato starch, 2.5 teaspoons of vinegar and 1.5 teaspoons of glycerin.

• Put this on the stove and cook it. When it begins to boil add a solution of 2 tablespoons of water and half a spoon of baking soda. Put the pot to heat and continue to stir until it starts getting drier.

• You can pour this mixture on a flat baking sheet or in a mold of your favorite shape. 

• To dry out the plastic you can put it in the oven at low heat for one or two hours or leave it out in the sun for the air to take away the moisture.

• Once the plastic is dried it will become harder but will also retain a lot of its flexibility. 

• The plastic may not look like much right now but it had a potential to replace the plastic made from petroleum.

• We use potato starch because potato starch is a polymer. Polymers are large chains of molecules just like plastics.

•  There is pectin in the potato starch which is broken down by the acidic vinegar. And the glycerin was used to make the plastic more flexible and soft. You could use this as a truly unique science or hobby project.

Which companies suffer from high plastic prices?

• Companies that depend heavily on plastics in production suffer the most. The largest consumers of plastics (26% of market) is the packaging industry, which include bottles, bag, and food container manufacturers.

•  Beverage companies like Coca-Cola Enterprises (CCE) and Pepsi Bottling Group (PBG) pay more to buy plastics needed to manufacture bottles.

•  Automotive manufacturers, including General Motors (GM), Toyota Motor (TM), and Ford Motor Company (F), use plastics in engine tubes, tires, panels, and windows. 

• Food and beverage processors, like Tyson Foods (TSN), Smithfield Foods (SFD), Kellogg Company (K), and Coca-Cola Company (KO) suffer from high plastic prices, because rising plastic prices support production of bioplastics.

• This manufacturing process demands sugars and or vegetable oils, so any company that uses these sources will face greater demand for the same resource.

•  These food and beverage bottlers compete for the same corn that it uses for livestock feed as DuPont (DD) or BASF SE (BASFY) would use to manufacture bioplastics, so they pay more for agricultural products, which cuts into operating margins

Findings • Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) will be the first state in India to have a fully 

dedicated Bioplastics product manufacturing facility with an installed capacity of about 960 metric tonnes per year.

• The J&K Agro Industries Ltd is going for a joint venture with EARTHSOULfor the manufacture of 100 per cent bio-degradable and compostable products. This would be India’s first integrated biopolymer facility

• India, the third largest consumer of plastics.In India, a law introduced in 2003 has banned 20 micron plastic bags in Mumbai and Delhi.

•  The states of Maharashtra, Kerala and J&K have banned the use of plastic bags.

References 

• www.google.com• www.youtube.com• www.earthlife.com• www.wikipedia.com• Environmental studies guidance book

•  byJ.Jahnavi-1234108110G.B.Anjali-1234108107P.Lohith-1234108121

GITAM institute of managementContact number-8885614086                               8801763980

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