gujarat technological university be sem-viii · pdf file... discuss bucket types of energy...

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Seat No.: _____ Enrolment No.______

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY BE SEM-VIII Examination May 2012

Subject code: 180601 Subject Name: Design of Hydraulic Structures

Date:10/05/2012 Time: 10.30 am – 01.00 pm Total Marks: 70 Instructions:

1. Attempt all questions. 2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary. 3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.

Q.1 (a) Discuss in brief merits and demerits of various types of dams. 07

(b) Explain how you would account for earthquake effects in design of a gravity dam.

07

Q.2 (a) Why spillways are considered ‘safety valve’ for dams. Classify and write suitability of various spillways.

07

(b) Discuss in brief the causes of failure of earthen dams. 07

OR

(b) What is a fall in canal? Write necessity of a fall and governing factors in locating a fall.

07

Q.3 (a) Distinguish clearly between a low gravity dam and high gravity dam. Derive

an expression used for such a distinction. 07

(b) The figure 1 gives the profile of a gravity dam with reservoir level as shown. If the coefficient of friction is 0.75, is the dam safe against sliding? Take weight density of concrete = 2.4 tonnes/cum

07

OR

Q.3 (a) Enlist the various forces acting on gravity dam as per IS -6512 and discuss in detail uplift and wave pressure.

07

(b) Explain the step by step method of designing a high gravity dam. 07

Q.4 (a) Classify earthen dams with suitability of each. 07 (b) Discuss the Swedish slip circle method for checking the stability of down-

stream slop under steady seepage condition. 07

OR

Q.4 (a) What is meant by pore pressure and what is its significance in design of earthen dams?

07

(b) A flow-net is plotted for homogeneous earthen dam of height 22 m and free board 2.0 m. Number of potential drops and flow channels are 10 and 4 respectively. The dam has a horizontal filter of 30 m length at a downstream end and the coefficient of permeability of the dam material is 5 x 10-4 cm/sec. Calculate the discharge per m run of the dam.

07

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Q.5 (a) Write design principles of four major parts of an ogee spillway with governing

equations. 07

(b) Compute the discharge over an ogee weir with coefficient of discharge equal to 2.4 at a head of 2 m. The length of spillway is 100 m. The weir crest is 8 m above the bottom of the approach channel having the same width as that of the spillway. (consider velocity of approach)

07

OR

Q.5 (a) Write short notes on a) Sarda type fall b) Cross regulator 07

(b) Write short notes on a) World Commission on Dams b) Uses of flow-net for earthen dams

07

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Seat No.: ________ Enrolment No.______________

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY B.E. - SEMESTER – VIII EXAMINATION – OCTOBER 2012

Subject code: 180601 Date: 27/10/2012 Subject Name: Design of Hydraulic Structures Time: 02.30pm - 05.00pm Total Marks: 70 Instructions:

1. Attempt any five questions. 2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary. 3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.

Q.1 (a) (i) Discuss in detail factors affecting selection of dam type. 06 (ii) What is HR & CR? Enlist functions of each? 04 (b) Explain the following terms:

(i) Chute blocks (ii) Sills and Dentated Sills 04

Q.2 (a) Describe with neat sketches various methods adopted for controlling seepage

through the body of an embankment dam and through foundation. 07

(b) Explain different types of settlements in a rockfill dam. How they can be eliminated?

07

OR (b) Explain various conditions for which the stability of the side slopes of an earthen

dam needs to be analyzed. 07

Q.3 (a) (i) Write design features for good construction of embankment dam. 04 (ii) Show forces acting on a gravity dam with sketch. 03 (b) Write design principles of sarda type fall. 07 OR Q.3 (a) (i) Explain how construction operation is carried out in earthen dams? 04 (ii) Classify concrete dams. Briefly discuss each type. 03 (b) Write design principles of glacis type fall. 07 Q.4 (a) Discuss stepwise analytical procedure for analyzing the stability of gravity dam. 07 (b) Justify the statement ‘Roller compacted concrete gravity dam is more economical

than other dams.’ 07

OR Q.4 (a) (i) Draw a neat sketch of elementary profile of dam. 03 (ii) Discuss the properties of concrete used in the construction of a gravity dam. 04 (b) Write a short note on ‘cracking of concrete during the construction of gravity dam

& its remedial measures’. 07

Q.5 (a) Define spillway. What is the purpose to provide it? What are the essential

requirements? Where the spillway is located? 07

(b) Differentiate Jump Height Curve (J.H.C.) and Tail Water Curve (T.W.C.). What are the different possibilities of occurrence of J.H.C. and T.W.C.?

07

OR Q.5 (a) Discuss Bucket types of energy dissipators with neat sketches. 07 (b) (i) Define ‘Energy dissipators’. What are the needs to provide it? 03 (ii) What is stilling basin? Why they are provided? Enlist the components of it. 04

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Subject code: 180602 Subject Name: Dock Harbour & Airport Engineering

Date: 12/05/2012 Time: 10.30 am – 01.00 pm Total Marks: 70 Instructions:


Q.1 (a) Explain in detail advantages and disadvantages of air transport. 07

(b) Draw the schematic diagram of harbour layout showing all components.

07

Q.2 (a) What are functions of director general of civil aviation? 07

(b) Enlist the major sea ports in India and in Gujarat also. 07 OR (b) What is the significance of water transportation compare to other

modes of transportation? Explain in detail. 07

Q.3 (a) (i) define terms:- tides, turning basin breakwater, draft

(ii) draw sketch of floating buoy 04 03

(b) Give the classification of airports as per I.C.A.O. 07 OR

Q.3 (a) How the water waves are generated? Explain by drawing sketch shallow waves and deep waves.

07

(b) Describe aeroplane components parts draw sketch. 07

Q.4 (a) What is function of taxiway in airports? Draw cross sections of taxiway showing all components.

07

(b) What are dry docks? Draw sketch of dry graving dry dock. 07 OR

Q.4 (a) The length of runway at sea level under standard condition at zero gradient is 1500.m The airport site is at an elevation of 900.m the reference temperature is 20°c the proposed runway permits ascending gradient of 0.5 % design the longitudinal profile of runway

07

(b) Why fenders are provided on docking platform? Draw the sketch of wooden and rubber fenders.

07

Q.5 (a) Explain by drawing sketch wind rose diagram type II showing

direction, duration and intensity of wind. 07

(b) What are the purposes of airport terminal building? draw layout of airport terminal building

07

OR Q.5 (a) What is necessity of dredging? explain mechanical dredgers 07

(b) Describe airport master planning process as per ICAO recommendations

07

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Seat No.: ________ Enrolment No.______________

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY B.E. - SEMESTER – VIII EXAMINATION – OCTOBER 2012

Subject code: 180602 Date: 29/10/2012 Subject Name: Dock Harbour & Airport Engineering Time: 02.30pm - 05.00pm Total Marks: 70 Instructions:


Q.1 (a) Define the following terms

(1) Harbour, (2) Port, (3) Neap tides, (4) Waves, (5) Clapotis, (6) Fenders, (7) Tidal Basin

07

(b) What is the basic unit of wind speed? Give its relation with mile. Explain Beaufort scale and wind rose diagram in brief.

07

Q.2 (a) What is the function of a hanger? Explain the Nose hangers and T hangers with

neat sketch. 07

(b) Differentiate between mound type breakwater and wall type breakwater. 07 OR (b) What is dredging? Classify the different types of dredging works. List the different

types of dredgers. 07

Q.3 (a) Explain transit shed with neat sketch. 07

(b) Draw neat sketch showing the general features of a harbour. Describe piers and wharf in detail.

07

OR Q.3 (a) Differentiate between a jetty and a wharf. State the conditions under which

you will prefer their construction. 07

(b) Discuss the necessity of dry docks. Write advantages and disadvantages of floating dry docks.

07

Q.4 (a) Explain airport architecture covering various important points. 07

(b) An Airport is proposed at an elevation of 410 m above mean sea level where the mean of maximum and mean of average daily temperatures of the hottest month are 45˚C and 26˚C respectively. The maximum elevation difference along the proposed profile of runway is 6.5 m. If the basic length of runway is 1270 m, determine the actual length of runway to be provided.

07

OR Q.4 (a) Explain in brief about different runway patterns with neat sketches. 07 Q.4 (b) Write short note on – 1) Environmental impact assessment (EIA)

2) Environmental impact statement (EIS) 07

Q.5 (a) Explain runway marking of airport markings for the assistance of pilot to

guide the aircraft on runway. 07

(b) Give the classification of aerodromes and airports. 07 OR

Q.5 (a) Explain various geometric standards for Taxiway in brief. 07 (b) Explain the general requirements of grading. 07

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Seat No.: ________ Enrolment No.___________

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY BE - SEMESTER–VIII • EXAMINATION – SUMMER 2013

Subject Code: 180602 Date: 13/05/2013 Subject Name: Dock, Harbour and Airport Engineering Time: 10:30 am TO 01:00 pm Total Marks: 70 Instructions:


Q.1 (a) What are the requirements of a good harbour? Enumerate eight major ports of India. 07

(b) Enlist the constituents of harbour. Draw the sketch of a typical artificial harbour. 07

Q.2 (a) What facilities are necessary for a major port? Describe each in detail. 07 (b) Define harbour. What are the points to be kept in mind while designing a harbour? 07 OR (b) How the characteristics of a ship affect the design of harbour. Draw a typical layout

of harbour. 07

Q.3 (a) Explain the terms:

i) Littoral drift ii) lock and passages iii) Wharves & fenders iv) Quays & Jetties 07

(b) Describe the types of signals used for navigation. What are the different types of dredging devices?

07

OR Q.3 (a) Enumerate different types of breakwater. What factors would guide the selection of a

particular type?

07

(b) Discuss the points to be considered in the geometric design of a runway.

07

Q.4 (a) What are the main requirements for airport pavements?

07

b) Discuss the measures adopted to control noise at airport. OR

07

Q.4 (a) Classify airports according to I.C.A.O. And write the aircraft characteristics which are useful in the design of runways.

07

(b) Define airport capacity. What are the points to be considered in the selection of a site for an airport?

07

Q.5 (a) Discuss the functions of airport drainage. Describe surface and sub-surface drainage

systems. 07

(b) What are the main components of a terminal building? Explain each in brief. 07 OR

Q.5 (a) What are the passenger requirements of the terminal building? 07 (b) Explain the terms:

i) Orientation of runway ii) fuel storage area iii) Holding apron

07

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Subject code: 180603 Subject Name: Professional Practice and Valuation



Q.1 The plan of a residential building is shown in Figure-1. Calculate quantity of following items in a quantity sheet. Adopt suitable brief specifications.

1. Excavation in foundation. 2. Plain Cement Concrete (P.C.C.) in foundation in 1:3:6. 3. Brickwork in foundation 4. Brickwork in super structure in cement mortar 1:4. 5. R.C.C. work in Slab, Chhajja and Lintel (bearing 15cm). 6. 2cm thick Marble flooring. 7. Earth filling in plinth.

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Q.2 (a) Adopt suitable rates and prepare abstract sheet for the items calculated in Question 1. Also list the factors affecting the rate of items at any place.

07

(b) Write detailed specifications of following items (Any two) 1. Earthwork in excavation. 2. First class brickwork in cement mortar 1:4 in super structure. 3. Plastering on walls. 4. Reinforced Cement Concreting (1:1.5:3)

07

OR (b) What are the objectives of preparing specifications? Give classification of

specifications and explain. 07

Q.3 (a) Find the rate of Plain Cement Concrete (1:2:4) per cu. m. by Rate analysis. Assume suitable rates of material and labour.

07

(b) What is task work ? On which factors does it depend? Write task work for, 1. Excavation in ordinary soil up to 1.5m depth 2. Cement Concrete at ground level. 3. Plastering in single coat up to 3m. height. 4. Brickwork up to plinth.

07

OR Q.3 (a) List and explain the factors that affect rate analysis. 07

(b) Calculate following. 1. No. of bricks required for 1 cu.m. brickwork. 2. No. of cement bags for 1 cu.m. brickwork in cement mortar 1:4. 3. Quantity of sand for 1 cu.m. PCC in Cement mortar 1:1.5:3

07

Q.4 (a) Define contract. List different types of contracts and explain percent rate

contract. 07

(b) What is tender? Give detailed classification of tenders. 07 OR

Q.4 (a) Differentiate between departmental execution and contract system. 07 (b) Write short note on material at site (MAS) account and muster roll. 07

2

Q.5 (a) Enlist and explain different methods of valuation. 07 (b) Workout the rent per annum of a property from following details:

1. Cost of Land : Rs. 6,00,000/-. 2. Cost of Construction: Rs. 25,00,000/-. 3. Required return on land : 6%. 4. Required return on building : 8%. 5. Estimated life of building : 50 years. 6. Rate of interest on sinking fund : 6%. 7. Annual repairs : Rs. 15,000/-. 8. All other outgoings : 30% of gross rent. Take scrap value of building as 10%.

07

OR Q.5 Write short notes on following (Any four)

1. Purposes of valuation. 2. Difference between Depreciation and Obsolescence. 3. Difference between Freehold property and Leasehold property. 4. Different types of value. 5. Importance of Tender fee, Earnest money deposit and Security

deposit. 6. Valuation tables.

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Subject code: 180604 Subject Name : Structural Design-II


1. Attempt all questions. 2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary. 3. Figures to the right indicate full marks. 4. Use of IS:800, IS:875,IS:456,IS:3370,SP-16 and steel table is permitted. 5. Material is M20 grade concrete and Fe 415 Steel for RCC and fy=250 Mpa

for steel if not specified. Q.1 (a) Estimate wind forces for a water tank for the following data. Total height

of tank = 27 m, Which includes height of the supporting shaft=20 m , height of the bottom conical portion= 2m , height of cylindrical portion = 4 m and rise of top spherical dome= 1 m, diameter of supporting shaft= 4 m and diameter of cylindrical portion= 10 m, location is Ahmedabad, Terrain Category= II and class= B, Ground slope= 1 vertical to 7 horizontal, hill height= 280 m, location from crest 100 m windward, Design life 100 years.

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Q.2 (a) Define plate girder. Explain the tension field action in plate girder? 03

(b) Explain different type of loads acting on transmission line tower. 04 (c) Fix the basic dimensions of Intz type container of an elevated water tank

to store 7.5 lacs liter of water and design the top dome. 07

OR (c) Design a circular tank for the following data. Diameter of tank= 6 m,

Depth of water= 3.75 m. The tank rests on ground. The wall and base slab are not monolithic.

07

Q.3 (a) For the cantilever retaining wall of height 4m, fix the basic dimensions of

the various elements. Angle of repose of soil is 30o. SBC of soil is 150 kN/m2 and density of soil is 17 kN/m3. Friction coefficient between soil and concrete is 0.55. Design heel of the retaining wall. Stability check for sliding and overturning are not required.

14

ORQ.3 (a) Prepare a typical structural lay out for G+3 storey building having 3

bays 0f 4m in X –direction and 4 bays 0f 5 m in Y-direction. Design a two way slab with one short edge discontinuous. Floor height is 3 m. Draw neat sketch of reinforcement detailing.

14

Q.4 (a) Design a welded plate girder with a clear span of 16 m simply supported

at the ends subjected to following. Dead load including self weight= 25 kN/m

14

2

Imposed Load = 15 kN/m Two Moving Loads = 200 kN each spaced 2 m apart Assume that the top compression flange of the plate girder is restrained laterally and prevented from rotating. Design as an unstiffened plate girder with thick webs.

OR Q.4 (a) Suggest a suitable section for the Gantry girder without lateral restraint

along its span carrying an overhead travelling crane for the following data. Centre to centre distance between columns (i.e. Span of Gantry Girder)=8 m Crane Capacity=250 kN Self weight of the crane girder excluding trolley = 200 kN Self weight of the trolley, electric motor, hook etc. = 50 kN Minimum Hook Approach = 1 m Distance between wheel centre = 3 m c/c Distance between gantry rails (i.e Span of Crane)= 15 m Self weight of the rail section = 300 N/m Yield stress of steel = 250 Mpa

14

Q.5 (a) Roofing system of an industrial shed consists of trusses spaced at 5 m

apart. The span of roof truss id 20 m and rise is 4 m. The level of eaves is 6.5 m above the ground. Assume suitable configuration of truss. Design one inclined member of principle rafter only. Choose suitable section for the inclined member no need to show any check. The shade is situated on flat terrain with sparsely populated buildings. The shed has less than 20% permeability.

14

OR Q.5 (a) A through type foot over truss bridge of span 30 m and width 3m carries a

live load of 5 kN/m2. Assume suitable configuration of bridge and design One member of bottom chord.

14

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Subject Code: 180604 Date: 10/05/2013 Subject Name: Structural Design-II Time: 10:30 am TO 01:00 pm Total Marks: 70 Instructions:

1. Attempt all questions. 2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary. 3. Figures to the right indicate full marks. 4. Use of IS:456, IS:800, IS:875, SP:16 and Steel Table is permitted.

Q.1 A simply supported welded plate girder of span 27m is subjected to service load of 50kN/m

UDL and two fixed point loads of 200 kN each spaced at 9m from each supports. Design the plate girder cross section using the fy 250 steel plates. Perform all required checks for cross section as per IS code provisions. Apply curtailment of flanges.

14

Q.2 (a) Design stiffener under concentrated loads for plate girder designed in Q.1. 07 (b) Design bearing stiffener at support for plate girder designed in Q.1 07 OR (b) Design web slice for plate girder design in Q.1 at 10m from the support using

fillet weld. 07

Q.3 A gantry girder of 6.2m span is to be designed for crane capacity of 250kN. The effective span of crane girder is 18m. Weight of crane girder excluding crab is 135kN and weight of crab is 65kN. Take clearance as 1m and wheel base as 3.0m. Choose suitable section and check the bending stresses and deflection.

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OR Q.3 A foot over bridge is of span 20m and pedestrian load of 4 kN/m2. The clear distance between

two trusses is 3.0m and truss height is 2.0m. Take dead weight of truss is 1.10kN/m. Assume suitable configuration of truss and design & detail a cross beam and a top chord near centre.

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Q.4 A eight storeyed building in AHMEDABAD on plane ground has 4 bay of 5m in length and 4 bay of 4m in width. Height of each storey is 3.2m. Plot wind pressure diagram and compute nodal force at storey level, as per provisions of to IS:875(part-III).

14

OR Q.4 Draw a typical layout of a G+3 residential building. Prepare structural layout and plot

load distribution diagrams for typical floor. Design and detail a typical continuous beam or a typical column of the chosen building.

14

Q.5 For a cantilever retaining wall of height 5.0m, fix the basic dimension of structural elements and carryout stability analysis. Design and detail only stem of the retaining wall. The unit weight of soil to be retained is 16 kN/m2. The SBC of foundation soil is 22 kN/m2. Take angle of repose as 28o and friction between foundation soil & base concrete as 0.4.

14

OR Q.5 Decide the suitable shape of container for an Elevated Storage Reservoir (ESR) to

store 3.0 lakhs liters water. Fix the basic dimension of chosen container. Design and detail the wall of the container.

14

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Subject code: 180606 Subject Name: Irrigation water management



Q.1 (a) Classify the methods of surface irrigation and discuss any one in detail. 07

(b) Discuss the causes of water logging. 07

Q.2 (a) What are the special field situations in which sub surface irrigation is suitable?

07

(b) Discuss the applications of remote sensing in the field of irrigation. 07 OR (b) What are the parameters in the design of furrow irrigation? 07

Q.3 (a) Compare drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation. 07 (b) Explain the design procedure for sprinkler irrigation system 07 OR

Q.3 (a) How the automation is achieved in drip irrigation? 07 (b) What are the major factors influencing the design capacity of a drip

irrigation system?p 07

Q.4 (a) How the saline land can be reclaimed? 07

(b) Discuss the commonly used irrigation indices in scheduling irrigation. 07 OR

Q.4 (a) Explain the design procedure for drip irrigation system. 07 (b) How the salinity in the coastal area can be prevented? 07

Q.5 (a) Define and explain Irrigation Scheduling. 07 (b) How will you calculate the amount of water required to be applied in

irrigation? 07

OR Q.5 (a) How does the soil moisture content influence evaporation from land

surface? 07

(b) Discuss the role of community participation in irrigation water management.

07

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Seat No.: ________ Enrolment No.______________ GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY B.E. - SEMESTER – VIII EXAMINATION – OCTOBER 2012

Subject code: 180606 Date: 25/10/2012 Subject Name: : Irrigation Water Management (Department Elective-II) Time: 02.30pm - 05.00pm Total Marks: 70 Instructions:


Q.1 (a) Explain how RS & GIS is useful for irrigated area? 07 (b) Discuss phases of land levelling operation in detail. Enlist & discuss in detail, the

land levelling criteria. 07

Q.2 (a) (i) Which are the problems associates with drip irrigation system? (ii) Discuss operation & maintenance of sprinkler irrigation system.

04 03

(b) Write the steps to design a drip irrigation system. 07 OR (b) Write the steps to design a sprinkler irrigation system. 07 Q.3 (a) (i) Draw a typical layout of sprinkler irrigation system indicating all components. 03 (ii) Explain in detail rotating head system and perforated type system. 03 (b) What are the needs of proper regulation and management of canal irrigation

system? Discuss the parameters of evaluation performance of canal irrigation system in detail.

08

OR Q.3 (a) (i) Draw a typical layout of drip irrigation system showing all components. 03 (ii) Write a short note on ‘Application of fertilizers and chemicals through drip

irrigation system’. 03

(b) Discuss in detail the operation & maintenance of canal irrigation system. 08 Q.4 (a) An area of 2.5 ha. of Maize crop was irrigated by a stream of 54 lit/sec for 8 hr. The

irrigation was applied at 40% soil water depletion. The available water holding capacity of the soil was 15 cm/m depth. The soil water estimation 2 days after irrigation, when the soil sampling in the field could be done, showed that the 2.5 ha. of Maize stored 10 cm depth of water in the 80cm root zone. Estimate the water application and water storage efficiencies.

06

(b) Explain in detail following terms: (i) Water conveyance efficiency (ii) Water application efficiency (iii) Time of Irrigation (iv) Irrigation Interval & Depth of Irrigation

08

OR Q.4 (a) Calculate the farm conveyance efficiency and field water application efficiency

when a stream of 72 lit/sec received at the farm gate after being diverted from a canal delivered 54 lit/sec to the field. During irrigation to Wheat crop for 8 hr, 300 m3 and 150 m3 of water respectively were lost by runoff and deep percolation.

06

(b) Explain in detail following irrigation efficiencies: (i) Water use efficiency (ii) Water storage efficiency

04

(c) What are the effects of saline water on irrigated land? Which precautions should be taken during use of saline water?

04

Q.5 (a) Define ‘frequency of irrigation’. Explain factors affecting frequency of irrigation. 04 (b) Define ‘waterlogging’. How it will affect irrigated land? Discuss in detail the causes

of it. 07

(c) Write a short note on ‘Water User Organization (WUO)’. 03 OR Q.5 (a) Define Leaching. How the leaching requirement can be calculated? 04 (b) (i) Classify the drainage systems with neat sketches. 04 (ii)What measures can be taken to prevent high water table and waterlogging? 03 (c) Write a short note on ‘Farmer’s participation in irrigation management’. 03

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Subject Code: 180606 Date: 09/05/2013 Subject Name: Irrigation Water Management (Department Elective-II) Time: 10:30 am TO 01:00 pm Total Marks: 70 Instructions:


Q.1 (a) Write short note on “Irrigation Scheduling”. 07

(b) What is mean by “Water Logging”? How does water logging occur? – Explain in brief.

07

Q.2 (a) Classify the irrigation systems in India. Discuss it. 07

(b) What are procedures for layout of fields and irrigation systems? 07 OR (b) Give difference between Border strip Irrigation and Check basin Irrigation. 07

Q.3 (a) List out components of the sprinkler irrigation system. Discuss any three components of the system.

07

(b) What are step-by-step procedures for the hydraulic design of sprinkler irrigation system?

07

OR Q.3 (a) Which problems occur from using poor quality irrigation water? 07

(b) Write short note on “Reclamation of saline soils by leaching method”. 07

Q.4 (a) What are the specific advantages of drip irrigation system over sprinkler irrigation system?

07

(b) Plan a suitable drip irrigation system for an orchard on a nearly flat land with medium heavy soil. The dimensions of the field are 360 x 140 m. The source of water is a tube well located at the top corner of the farm. The tree spacing is 6x4m. Emitters are spaced 1m apart in each lateral. The monthly evaporation rate observed with a Class A pan is 240mm. Irrigation is to be applied daily. Determine the discharge capacity of the drip irrigation system. Take, Maximum diameter of wetted circle form by a dripper= 2.7m; Crop co-efficient for orchard=0.8; Pan factor=0.8; Water application efficiency is 90%.

07

OR Q.4 (a) Give classification of Drainage in brief. 07

(b) What are ill effects of water logging in irrigation? 07

Q.5 (a) What are the factors influencing land leveling requirement? 07 (b) Classify the different methods of surface irrigation and their sub-groups. 07 OR

Q.5 (a) Explain merit and demerit of water users organizations. 07 (b) A Persian wheel discharge at the rate of 12,000 liters per hour and works

for eight hours each day. Estimate the area commanded by the water lift if average depth of irrigation is 10 cm and irrigation interval is 12days.

07

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gujarat technological university be sem-viii · pdf file... discuss bucket types of energy...

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