guido del prete and patrizio e. tressoldi- anomalous cognition in hypnagogic state with obe...

8/3/2019 Guido Del Prete and Patrizio E. Tressoldi- Anomalous Cognition in Hypnagogic State with OBE Induction: An Experim…

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AnomAlous cognition in hypnAgogic

stAte With oBe induction: AnexperimentAl study

Guido Del Prete* and Patrizio E. Tressoldi**

ABSTRACT: The main question addressed with this experiment is whether thehypnagogic state is a special mental state conducive o anomalous cognitive processes.Twelve volunteers with high scores on the transliminality or the absorption scale

participated in a guessing-like task alternating trials in hypnotic and relaxed stateso consciousness. Each participant contributed to 10 trials in a hypnagogic state and10 trials in a sel-induced relaxed state. Participants were shown 20 dierent serieso 4 emotionally neutral fgures presented in sequence one at a time or about 1min on a PC monitor and successively presented all 4 to guess which one could bethe target. Beore the participant’s choice, the target, chosen by a pseudorandomalgorithm, was simultaneously presented on a monitor in a dierent isolatedroom connected with the apparatus installed in the subject’s room. With hypnoticinduction emphasising OBE in the hypnagogic state, the mean hits score was 37.5% whereas in the sel-relaxation state it was at chance level, 25%. Further support

or the hypothesis that the hypnagogic state is psi-conductive was obtained by thesignifcant correlation between ESP perormance in the hypnagogic state and thescore on transliminality (.71) and absorption scales (.76). Induced hypnagogicimagery associated with a high level o transliminality and/or absorption is proving to be a special mental state conducive to ESP phenomena.

A -a a a , -avab a. i vw a,a, a a -avab , Wa Ba(2002) a a aa a w

a a wa av aa, b,ab, a, a a v a b a av aa a w a espa (Ba, W, & Ba, 1975; gz, 1983; r, ha, &Bak, 1997; sa & K, 1975). m a, a/ a a b aa w esp, aa,a w a, a ---b (oBe)(gk, 1989; mava & ra, 1984; pa & lba,1975). F a vw aa v aa w

a/ a, sw (2002). Avaa’ (1998) a vw a

bw esp a a a a a b aaa a a aavab esp. i 1969, h a K vw



330 The Journal of Parapsychology

a a a 9 12 w wa a a , b .

sa a s (1994) vw b a a a-aa

a va esp 1945 1993. t a aw 25 , 23 w - ak, vaa z π = .524 (SD = .035), a z 8.77 , a a z π = .505 (SD = .031) , a z .34 (mce = .50).

t v v v a a a a a esp va aab az b a aaz faw , a a a v a , a kw b

, aa a, f a aza, a ak baa bw a a .

o wa a a a a a b a a a faw a w a a b.

A a a, w ab (t,1981; t & Ak, 1974) a aa (la, tab,ha, & s, 2000; tab, 2000) w a aa

v aa w esp a. A tab (1998)ba a r = .72 a bw w a, a a a a a a aa, w b.

B a av b aaa a aaa aa (.., tab, 1996, 2004). t aa a, a, 14% a aaa. A a v a bw aa a a a a a a

wa ba b sa, tab, a d (2000) wa aa aa w a k a a I Ching (s & tab, 1999).

Ab a w oBe (da, Z, & Avaa, 1999) a aa (K, Kaaa,& pa, 1994) a w a w zab (gk, taa, tba,K, & mck, 1991). F a w aa a a.

A b m , a aa

w a a w a aa a a a wa qa abv a .

A a a a, w a a a --b (oBe). W k a pa a lba (1975), w



331Anomalous Cognition in Hypnagogic State With OBE Induction

oBe b a a v aa q wb a a a az. u a avaak a a , w a - oBe aa a a,

b a a a oBe b a b ab a a.

uk pa a lba (1975) , b a wa wa a b sa & s (1994), w a - a a ak.

Method

Participants

twv aa (9 a, 3 a; a a = 35.08) w aa a v b a. tt Ab sa (t & Ak, 1974) a rvtaa sa (la, tab, ha, & s, 2000) wb aa. t w w abv9 ( 25.7 a a 37.3 ) rv taa sa1 a/ abv 23 (v 2/3 a,0-34) t Ab sa, w w a aba

“esp v” aa.

Task

t ak wa v a a ab-k ak. tw a a 2 ( aa, aa,b, fw, .) w q a a pc ab 1 a v a aa w b a. A a ,

a, b a a a,3 wa j a a a w aaa a

A w w awa a ha,tab, a la (2003) w wa 29- av a b 17 v a. hwv, aa w , k -a va. t v a a wa a b ak 10 j a a a 10- a 0 ( ) 10 ( v ). t a wa 1.5, SD = .5.

t aa a b d™ a a-a a wa . Bf, a a a b w a 1-4 ( ) aa aa w a a va ba k. t qa b 1 4 wa χ ² a a wa -a.




w bj wa a. d w w a. t a aa a aa wa wa w aja .

Procedure

ea aa wa w w a wa aa a wa v w a a ,a va . t ak wa a a w:

W w b a a a - aa a a, w a a ab 1

a, . t w a a w av a. rb v a ba a b a a a. B a , w w a a aja w a w aa awb. o a, w a a w .

t aw a a a w a bak.

s- aa a b a aaa b a aa. n wa a -aa q. i a b aïv.

t a a wa b a, a . t a w a Jab q(20-30 ) w b 15-20 a w

f , a ek , a oBe , a a “a ” wb aa wa a wa a oBe a bv a.4 t aa a a waba bava bv b . t a a: a aa, w a a ba, a a, w a v, a a a aaa.

t aa wa v a

a a. Fw , aa w w b a a ak a .

t a a b q a.




ea aa 10 a a a a a 10a a - a a v a a b. i v wa a b -a a a a. t b a-v ,

bw 2 a wa baa w wa: a aa w 5 -a w b aa 5 a w b -a aa q(10 2 a a).

Results Absorption and Transliminality Scores

ma a aa va ab a aa a w, v, 25.5 (6.3) a 9.8 (2.7).

Hits Scores

t 12 aa ba a aa -a a, 1 aa ba a qa , a a 1 ba a -a a aa ( tab 1).

t w aa ba -a b a a a (z = .26; p =. 79; w-a) a a b a a s-a (z = .42; p = .67; w-a).

T able 1

R aw HiTs scoRes (M ax = 10; Mce: 2.5) of e acH P aRTiciPanT in THe

self-R elaxed and H yPnagogic condiTions

paa s-ra ha F

A 2 5 s-rB 1 4 s-rc 3 5 s-rd 3 2 s-re 3 4 s-rF 2 3 s-rg 3 3 ha

h 2 4 hai 2 3 hal 3 5 ham 2 3 han 3 4 ha




t a a ba b 12 aa 2a a a F 1 (mce = 25%).

Figure 1. ma a a 95% va -a a a a a

t aa a bw w w a at a aa a t (11) = 4.00; p = .002, w-a); e sz d = -2.41; ci 95% [-4.80 -.71]. t ab

, aa w aaz ba sa™ wa (péaa & la, 1993). t v a t a 100 a a, ma = -4.45; p = .001 (w-a); ci95% [-8.74 –2.04].

If we would express the effect size using π (Rosenthal & Rubin, 1989),

the result in the hypnagogic condition would be: π = .64; CI: .55-.72; Contrast:

∆π .14.

Correlations With the Absorption and Transliminality Scales

ca a ba -a aa a a ba ab aaa a a tab 2.

T able 2

coRRelaTion V alues R and coRResPonding ci, 95%, beTween HiTs and

a bsoRPTion and TRansliMinaliTy scoRes

Ab taa

s-ra -.14 [-.64 .44] .19 [-.41 .66]

ha .76* [.32 .92] .71* [.23 .90]

* p <.01

37.5

24.2

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

SELF RELAX HYPNAGOGIC

% H

i t s




B ab a aa a a 50% vaa w b w aa a a. t a a w a a a q a a, r = .70. t a

w .

Discussion

t a ba a aa a b a va z a b ba w az a q. F a, v az b B, pa, a B (2001) a va a

30.1%, s Z = 2.59, p = .0048, -a, wa saa s (1994) a-aa a z π = .524 (SD = .035), a z 8.77.

t a 10 12 aa w abv a b a, a a bw a ab a aa a vw a bw a a aa aa a . t aa a

a bw ab a aa a a a a aa aa (a a a ) a a aa w av a a a a esp aa a a a a w . t kw v aa,a v a a a a b av a a.

W a w a

aa a a a a a aa v aa. m a a a a a a a a a -v, a h (1977) a s, a tab (2001)av . hwv, w k a -av - a a a a a a ba a a w az .

A oBe

, v 2 aa oBea, .., a a k w “av” b a vba a b, w k a a a aa av a oBe a av b va b a a a b ab a.




t az, v a q a az a q a ba , w k a w aa, .., w v ab aa, a a

aa ba a a a aa

v w a . p wa a aa b av , , a w va kw a av w a , a a av.

(tab, 2000, . 5)

A a a a wa b K (2005), w a a a z aa a a bw a a , a a a ,a a ba , a a a w a a b.

F, a a a a

a a esp a. o oBe a w a a a .

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*Advanced Mind Development Center “Shambhala” Frattamaggiore, Naples, Italy [email protected]




**Department of Psychology The University of Padova Padova, Italy [email protected]

Acknowledgments

W aa a w a, ma tab, a , aa, a v a.

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