Guidelines to measure Guidelines to measure emigration through emigration through immigration dataimmigration data

Margaret MichalowskiMargaret Michalowski

Joint UNECE/Eurostat Work Session on Migration Statistics Joint UNECE/Eurostat Work Session on Migration Statistics organized in collaboration with UNFPAorganized in collaboration with UNFPANov. 20-22, 2006, Edinburgh, Scotland Nov. 20-22, 2006, Edinburgh, Scotland

OutlineOutline

Why guidelinesWhy guidelines Typology and uses of emigration dataTypology and uses of emigration data Data gapsData gaps Improving emigration data availability Improving emigration data availability

within the existing national data within the existing national data systemssystems

Longer-term proposalsLonger-term proposals

Why guidelinesWhy guidelines

Increasingly, countries are Increasingly, countries are simultaneously origin, transit and simultaneously origin, transit and destination for migrantsdestination for migrants

Asymmetry between availability of Asymmetry between availability of data on immigration and emigrationdata on immigration and emigration Arrivals’ monitoring receives more Arrivals’ monitoring receives more

attentionattention Difficulties with recording departuresDifficulties with recording departures

Guidelines objectiveGuidelines objective

To propose activities, which would To propose activities, which would lead to increased availability of lead to increased availability of emigration dataemigration data

The proposal is based on the empirical analysis of The proposal is based on the empirical analysis of immigration and emigration data from 19 ECE immigration and emigration data from 19 ECE countriescountries

Typology of emigration Typology of emigration flowsflows

(simplified)(simplified) Native-born vs. foreign-bornNative-born vs. foreign-born

Nationals vs. non-nationalsNationals vs. non-nationals (including naturalized foreigners)(including naturalized foreigners)

Long-term departures vs. short-term departuresLong-term departures vs. short-term departures

Permanent residents vs. temporary residentsPermanent residents vs. temporary residents

Economic vs. family reunification vs. humanitarian Economic vs. family reunification vs. humanitarian (departures of immigrants by their admission category)(departures of immigrants by their admission category)

Legal vs. illegalLegal vs. illegal

The most important uses The most important uses of emigration dataof emigration data

Population estimates/national demographic Population estimates/national demographic accountsaccounts

Development and evaluation of immigrant policyDevelopment and evaluation of immigrant policy Integration of immigrants into the receiving Integration of immigrants into the receiving

societysociety Information on expatriates (nationals residing Information on expatriates (nationals residing

abroad)abroad) Assessment of economic losses due to Assessment of economic losses due to

emigrationemigration Temporary emigrationTemporary emigration

““Ideal” emigration Ideal” emigration statisticsstatistics

ComprehensiveComprehensiveall groups of immigrants (natives and foreigners)all groups of immigrants (natives and foreigners)

all types of migrations (long-term/short-term, all types of migrations (long-term/short-term,

legal/illegal)legal/illegal) TimelyTimely

available on annual basis available on annual basis

Provide information on emigrant’s Provide information on emigrant’s characteristicscharacteristics

Improving availability of Improving availability of emigration data within emigration data within existing national data existing national data systemssystems

Tabulate existing immigration Tabulate existing immigration statistics using standardized tablesstatistics using standardized tables

Make standardized tables easily Make standardized tables easily accessible internationallyaccessible internationally

Tabulation of Tabulation of immigration statisticsimmigration statistics

To be based on a data source, which To be based on a data source, which provides the best coverage for all provides the best coverage for all groups of arrivals into the countrygroups of arrivals into the country

alternatively alternatively To be based on a several To be based on a several

complimentary data sources so complimentary data sources so together they provide the best together they provide the best possible coverage for all arrivalspossible coverage for all arrivals

Preparation of the Preparation of the standardized tablesstandardized tables

Step 1Step 1 Annually, tabulate data on all arrivals using Annually, tabulate data on all arrivals using

a concept of residence 1 year beforea concept of residence 1 year beforeIf not availableIf not available

Step 2Step 2 Annually, tabulate data on all arrivals Annually, tabulate data on all arrivals

based on country of previous residencebased on country of previous residence If not availableIf not available , , basedbased on country of citizenshipon country of citizenship

If not availableIf not available, , based on country of birthbased on country of birth

Preparation of the Preparation of the standardized tables standardized tables (cont.)(cont.)

Step 3Step 3 Tabulate stock data for the country’ Tabulate stock data for the country’

population by: population by: country of birth and citizenshipcountry of birth and citizenship

andandcountry of birth and country of birth of country of birth and country of birth of parentsparents

Step 4Step 4 For each table, provide a detailed For each table, provide a detailed

description of data source useddescription of data source used

Example of the templateExample of the template(table produced by Canada for France)(table produced by Canada for France)

Table 1. Population of Canada by sex, place of birth and place of Table 1. Population of Canada by sex, place of birth and place of residence 1 year before data collectionresidence 1 year before data collection

Residence 1 year before France Residence 1 year before Canada Residence 1 year before other

Total Total Place of birth Total Place of birth Total Place of birth

France Canada Other France Canada Other France Canada Other

Total

Males

Females

Dissemination of Dissemination of standardized tablesstandardized tables

Expand existing data collections by Expand existing data collections by international organizations for the proposed international organizations for the proposed templatestemplatesexamples: EU MS and UNECE Joint questionnaire, ILOexamples: EU MS and UNECE Joint questionnaire, ILO

Create a new database, which will include Create a new database, which will include national standardized tables produced on national standardized tables produced on annual basis annual basis examples of good practise: OECD database on high-skilled, examples of good practise: OECD database on high-skilled, the THESIM projectthe THESIM project

Improving availability of Improving availability of emigration data – a longer-emigration data – a longer-term perspectiveterm perspective

Continuous efforts toward a harmonized Continuous efforts toward a harmonized system of international statisticssystem of international statisticsWide implementation of the 2010 census Wide implementation of the 2010 census Inter-institutional cooperation Inter-institutional cooperation

Extensive use of national household Extensive use of national household surveys as a vehicle for a collection of surveys as a vehicle for a collection of data on migrants and their data on migrants and their characteristicscharacteristicsDevelopment of a “standard migration module”Development of a “standard migration module”

World Migration Survey?World Migration Survey?