Technical/Bulletin No. 1

Guidelines for QualitySeed Production and Certification in

Sindh

Edited by Muhammad Boota Arain Deputy Director FSC&RD

Agricultural Policies Research and Awareness Center (APRAC)6/B City Apartment, Hirabad, Hyderabad. Email: aprac02@hotmail.com

Contents

1. Introduction.

2. List of crop varieties approved for cultivation in Sindh

Province.

3. Schedule of seed certification activities in Sindh province.

4. Concise Field Standards (Pre-basic, Basic & Certified).

5. Concise Seed Standards (Pre-basic & Basic).

6. Concise Seed Standards (Certified & Truth-in-labeling).

7. Field and Seed Standards for Approved Category.

8. Norms of Seed Sampling.

9. Isolation requirements for seed crops.

10. Working hints for Seed Certification.

11. Comparative characters of wheat varieties.

12. Comparative characters of cotton varieties.

13. Comparative characters of rice varieties.

14. Quality cotton seed production in Sindh.

2

INTRODUCTION

This technical bulletin has been compiled to bring together necessary

information on various aspects of seed certification which may be helpful for seed

growers, seed companies and seed certification staff. Detailed procedures of field

inspection, seed sampling and seed analysis have been omitted in the bulletin for the sake

of conciseness.

It is duly acknowledged that all the material included in this document

has been taken from the official notifications of Federal Seed Certification and

Registration Department (FSC&RD) and recreated only to make the information brief

and handy. However FSC&RD is not responsible for any error or omission in this

bulletin and it is not a valid document for any legal proceeding.

Tables of “Comparative Characters” contain main characters of wheat,

cotton and rice varieties which are presently in certified seed production system. Full text

descriptions of all crop varieties approved for cultivation in Sindh are available as

separate publication.

Current taxonomic status of each scientific name included in this

document has been reviewed using database of Integrated Taxonomic Information

System (ITIS) of US Department of Agriculture (USDA).

We are thankful to Mr. Muhammad Azhar Sealing Inspector and Mr. Altaf

Hussain Laboratory Assistant for contributing in collection of related material and proof

reading. However it was constant encouragement of Dr. Syed Akhlaq Hussain, Director

General FSC&RD which made it possible to compile and publish this bulletin.

Criticism on the document will be appreciated to improve next editions.

Dated: 27th May, 2004 Editors

3

List of Crop Varieties Approved for Cultivation in Sindh Province(As on 27-05-2004)

1. WHEAT: ZA-77, TJ-83, Mehran-89, Anmol-91, Abadgar-93, Momal-2002, Jauhar-78, Sarsabz, Soghat-90, Kiran-95, Marvi-2000, TD-1 and Bhitai.

2. COTTON: Qalandri, Sarmast, Rehmani, Reshmi, Shahbaz-95, SKD 10/19, K 68/9, Shaheen, CRIS-9, Marvi (CRIS-5A), CRIS-134, Chandi-95, Sohni, CRIS-467, NIAB-78, CIM- 473, FH-901 and FH-1000.

3. RICE: IRRI-6, DR-82, DR-83, Lateefi, Sadahayat, DR-92, Kanwal-95, Shadab, Shua-92, Khushboo-95 and Sarshar.

4. SUGARCANE: BF-129, NIA-98 and Thatta-10.

5. MUNG BEAN: AEM-96 (Khalood).

6. CHICKPEA (GRAM): DG-89 and DG-92.

7. RAPE & MUSTARD: Agati sarhein.

8. SAFFLOWER: Thori-78.

9. LINSEED (FLAX): Ilsi-90.

10.CASTOR: DS-30.

11.BITTER GOURD: Nasarpuri.

4

Schedule of certification activities in Sindh province

CROP ACTIVITY LAST DATEWHEAT Submission of list of seed

fields.

Application for acceptance sampling.

Seed sampling after processing.

15th February

15th July

30th November

COTTON Submission of list of seed fields;

i) Upper Sindhii) Lower Sindh

Crop inspection;i) Upper Sindhii) Lower Sindh

Application for sampling.

31st July30th May

15th October31st August

28th FebruaryPADDY Submission of list of seed

fields.

Crop inspection.

31st July

30th September

5

Field Standards(Maximum %)

Crop Pre-basic Basic CertifiedOT OC OW OT OC OW OT OC OW

Barley, oat 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.05 0.0 0.0 0.10 0.05 0.02Wheat* 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.05 0.0 0.0 0.20 0.02 0.01Paddy 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.05 0.0 0.0 0.10 0.1* 0.02Maize-OP 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.50 0.0 0.0 1.00 0.00 0.00Cotton 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.10 0.0 0.0 0.20 0.00 0.00Alfalfa, clover 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.25 0.0 0.0 1.00 0.00 0.05Pearl millet 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.10 0.0 0.2 0.00 0.0 0.00Sorghum-OP 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.10 0.05* 0.0 0.20 0.1* 0.00Sorghum inbred 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.01 0.05* 0.0 0.05 0.1* 0.00Groundnut 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.20 0.0 0.0 0.50 0.0 0.00Rape, mustard 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.05 0.1* 0.0 0.20 0.2* 0.01Sesame 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.10 0.0 0.0 0.20 0.0 0.00Sunflower 0.02 0.0 0.0 0.05 0.0 0.0 0.10 0.0 0.00Soybean 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.20 0.0 0.0 0.50 0.0 0.00Safflower 0.01 0.0 0.0 0.05 0.01 0.0 0.10 0.03 0.01Gram 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.10 0.5* 0.0 0.50 1.0* 0.00Lentil 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.02 0.0 0.0 0.10 0.01 0.00Mung-mash-moth 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.02 0.01 0.0 0.10 0.01 0.00Onion 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.50 0.0 0.0 1.00 0.0 0.00Cabbages 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.10 0.1* 0.5** 0.50 0.5* 1.0**Cucurbits 0.0 0.01* 0.0 0.10 0.1* 0.1** 0.20 0.2* 0.5**Eggplant 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.10 0.1* 0.0 0.20 0.5* 0.0Pepper 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.10 0.1* 0.05** 0.30 0.5* 0.2**Okra 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.10 0.0 0.0 0.20 0.0 0.0Tomato 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.20 0.1* 0.0 0.50 0.5* 0.0Coriander 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.10 0.0 0.0 0.20 0.0 0.0Lettuce 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.10 0.1* 0.0 0.20 0.2* 0.1Spinach 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.10 0.05 0.0 0.20 0.1 0.0Peas 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.10 0.0 0.5** 0.50 0.0 1.0**Beans 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.10 0.5* 0.0 0.50 1.0* 0.0Beet root 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.10 0.0 0.0 0.20 0.0 0.0Carrot 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.10 0.0 0.0 0.20 0.0 0.0Turnip, radish 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.05 0.1* 0.1** 0.20 0.2* 0.2**Tobacco 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.01 0.0 0.0 0.10 0.0 0.0

Note: OT= Off-types, OC= Other crops, OW= Objectionable weeds.* Seed borne diseases, ** Virus & Mycoplasma diseases

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Seed Standards (Pre-basic & Basic)(G minimum%, all others maximum %)

Crop Pre-basic BasicO.V O.C 1.M O.W G % O.V O.C 1.M O.W G %

Barley, Oat 0.0 0.0 0.50 0.0 85 0.05 0.0 2.0 0.00 85Paddy 0.0 0.0 0.01 0.0 80 0.05 0.0 1.0 0.00 80Wheat 0.0 0.0 0.01 0.0 85 0.05 0.0 2.0 0.00 85Maize-OP 0.0 0.0 0.01 0.0 90 0.50 0.0 2.0 0.00 90Pearl Millet 0.0 0.0 0.50 0.0 75 0.10 0.0 2.0 0.00 75Sorghum-OP 0.0 0.0 0.50 0.0 80 0.10 0.0 2.0 0.00 80

Cotton 0.0 0.0 0.10 0.080, 75 0.10 0.0 2.0 0.00

80, 70

Clover, Alfalfa 0.1 0.01 0.50 0.0 85 0.25 0.20 2.0 0.00 80

Rape & mustard 0.0 0.0 0.10 0.0 85 0.05 0.05 2.0 0.00 85Sesame 0.0 0.0 0.50 0.0 75 0.10 0.05 4.0 0.10 75Sunflower 0.02 0.0 0.50 0.0 85 0.02 0.01 2.0 0.00 85Soybean 0.10 0.0 0.50 0.0 85 0.20 0.00 2.0 0.02 80Safflower 0.01 0.0 0.50 0.0 80 0.05 0.01 2.0 0.00 80Gram 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.0 75 0.10 0.00 2.0 0.00 75Mung, mash, moth 0.0 0.0 0.50 0.0 75 0.02

0.01 2.0 0.00 70

Lentils 0.0 0.0 0.50 0.0 75 0.02 0.00 2.0 0.00 70Okra 0.0 0.0 0.10 0.0 70 0.1 0.00 2.0 0.00 65Onion 0.0 0.0 0.10 0.0 70 0.5 0.05 2.0 0.00 70Cabbages 0.0 0.0 0.10 0.0 75 0.10 0.05 2.0 0.05 70Cucurbits 0.0 0.0 0.10 0.0 65 0.10 0.05 2.0 0.00 65Eggplant 0.0 0.0 0.10 0.0 70 0.10 0.00 2.0 0.00 70Capsicum 0.0 0.0 0.10 0.0 70 0.10 0.05 2.0 0.05 70Tomato 0.0 0.0 0.10 0.0 70 0.20 0.05 2.0 0.00 70Coriander 0.0 0.0 2.00 0.0 65 0.10 0.10 4.0 0.10 60Lettuce 0.0 0.0 0.10 0.0 75 0.10 0.00 2.0 0.00 70Spinach 0.0 0.0 1.00 0.0 70 0.10 0.05 3.5 0.10 65Peas 0.0 0.0 1.00 0.0 75 0.10 0.00 2.0 0.00 70Beans 0.0 0.0 1.00 0.0 75 0.10 0.00 2.0 0.00 75Carrot 0.0 0.0 2.00 0.0 65 0.10 0.05 3.0 0.05 60Turnip, Radish 0.0 0.0 0.10 0.0 70 0.05 0.05 2.0 0.05 70Tobacco 0.0 0.0 0.50 0.0 80 0.05 0.01 2.0 0.0 80

Note: OV=other varieties, OC=other crops, IM=inert matter,

OW=objectionable weeds, G=germination.

Seed Standards (Certified & Truth-in-labeling)

7

(G minimum%, all others maximum %)

Crop Certified Truth-in-labelingO.V O.C 1.M O.W G % Pure O.C 1.M O.W G %

Barley, Oat 0.20 0.1 2.0 0.05 85 97.0 0.10 2.1 0.05 75

Paddy 0.10 0.0 1.5 0.02 80 97.0 0.20 2.0 0.05 75Wheat 0.20 0.05 2.0 5/Kg 85 97.0 0.10 2.0 0.05 75Maize-OP 1.00 0.0 2.0 0.0 90 97.0 Nil 2.0 Nil 70Maize-H 0.50 0.0 2.0 0.0 90 97.0 Nil 2.0 Nil 75Pearl Millet-H 0.20 0.02 2.0 0.05 70 97.0 0.1 2.0 Nil 75Sorghum-OP 0.20 0.08 2.0 0.0 80 96.0 0.10 2.0 0.05 70Sorghum-H 0.05 0.05 2.0 0.05 80 96.0 0.10 2.0 0.05 70Cotton 0.20 0.0 2.0 0.0 75/70 96.0 0.20 2.0 0.10 65Clover, Alfalfa 1.00 0.50 2.0 0.05 80 97.0 0.10 2.0 Nil 70Rape & mustard

0.20 0.20 2.0 35/kg 80 97.0 0.20 2.0 0.01 70

Sesame 0.20 0.10 4.0 0.20 75 96.0 0.20 2.0 0.01 70Sunflower-H 0.10 0.02 2.0 0.0 80 97.0 0.10 2.0 Nil 70Sunflower-OP 0.10 0.02 2.0 0.0 80 97.0 0.20 2.0 Nil 70Soybean 0.50 0.0 2.0 0.05 80 96.0 0.20 3.0 0.05 70Safflower 0.10 0.03 2.0 0.01 75 97.0 0.20 2.0 0.01 70Gram 0.50 0.0 2.0 0.0 75 96.0 0.20 2.0 0.05 70Mung, mash, moth

0.10 0.01 2.0 0.10 70 97.0 0.20 2.0 0.01 70

Lentils 0.10 0.01 2.0 0.10 70 97.0 0.20 2.0 0.01 70Okra 0.20 0.05 2.0 0.0 65 97.0 0.10 2.0 0.01 65Onion 1.00 0.10 2.0 0.20 70 97.0 0.20 2.0 0.01 60Cabbages 0.50 0.10 2.0 0.20 70 97.0 0.20 2.0 0.01 65Cucurbits 0.20 0.10 2.0 0.0 60 97.0 Nil 2.0 Nil 70Eggplant 0.20 0.0 2.0 0.0 70 97.0 Nil 2.0 Nil 60Capsicum 0.30 0.10 2.0 0.10 65 97.0 0.20 2.0 0.01 60Tomato 0.50 0.10 2.0 0.0 70 98.0 Nil 2.0 Nil 60Coriander 0.20 0.20 4.0 0.20 60 96.0 0.20 3.0 0.02 60Lettuce 0.20 0.0 2.0 0.10 70 97.0 0.20 2.0 0.01 65Spinach 0.20 0.10 3.5 0.20 65 94.0 0.20 5.0 0.01 60Peas 0.50 0.0 2.0 0.0 70 97.0 0.10 2.0 0.01 65Beans 0.50 0.0 2.0 0.0 75 97.0 0.20 2.0 0.01 70Carrot 0.20 0.10 5.0 0.10 60 94.0 0.20 5.0 0.01 65Turnip, Radish 0.20 0.10 2.0 0.10 70 97.0 0.20 2.0 0.01 70Radish-H 98.0 Nil 2.0 Nil 70Tobacco 0.10 0.02 4.0 0.05 80Flowers 98.0 Nil 2.0 0.01 65

Note: OV=other varieties, OC=other crops, IM=inert matter, OW=objectionable weeds, G=germination.

Standards for Approved Category

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(G minimum%, all others maximum %)

Crop Field Standards Seed StandardsOT% OC% OW% OV% OC% IM% OW/kg G%

Barley 1.0 0.1 0.05 1.0 0.2 2.0 5 85Oats 1.0 0.1 0.05 1.0 0.2 2.0 10 85Maize 1.0 0.0 0.00 1.0 0.0 2.0 0 90Paddy 1.0 0.0 0.05 1.0 0.2 2.0 10 80Wheat 1.0 0.1 0.05 1.0 0.2 2.0 15 85Cotton 2.0 0.0 0.00 2.0 0.2 2.0 0 70Barseem 2.0 0.1 0.10 2.0 0.8 2.0 0.05% 80Alfalfa, clover 2.0 0.1 0.10 2.0 0.2 2.0 25 80Millet 1.0 0.0 0.00 1.0 0.2 2.0 0 70Sorghum 1.0 0.1 0.00 1.0 0.3 2.0 5 80Sodan grass 1.0 0.1 0.00 1.0 0.3 2.0 5 80Castor 1.0 0.0 0.00 2.0 0.0 2.0 0 80Groundnut 1.0 0.0 0.00 2.0 0.0 2.0 0 80Linseed 1.0 0.1 0.00 1.0 0.5 4.0 10 80Rape, mustard 1.0 0.1 0.05 1.0 0.5 2.0 10 80Sesame 1.0 0.1 0.00 1.0 0.5 4.0 5 75Sunflower 1.0 0.0 0.05 1.0 0.2 2.0 5 80Soybean 1.0 0.1 0.00 1.0 0.1 2.0 0 80Safflower 1.0 0.1 0.00 1.0 0.3 2.0 10 75Gram 1.0 0.0 0.00 2.0 0.0 2.0 0 75Lentils 1.0 0.1 0.00 1.0 0.2 2.0 10 70Mung/Mash/Moth 1.0 0.1 0.05 1.0 0.2 2.0 10 70Onion 2.0 0.0 0.00 2.0 0.4 2.0 0 70Cabbages 1.0 0.1 0.05 1.0 0.2 2.0 10 70Cucurbits 1.0 0.1 0.05 1.0 0.2 2.0 0 60Okra 1.0 0.0 0.00 1.0 0.2 2.0 0 65Eggplant 1.0 0.0 0.00 1.0 0.0 2.0 0 70Pepper 2.0 0.0 0.00 2.0 0.2 2.0 0 65Tomato 2.0 0.0 0.00 2.0 0.2 2.0 0 70Coriander 2.0 0.1 0.05 2.0 0.6 2.0 0 60Lettuce 2.0 0.1 0.20 2.0 0.2 2.0 10 70Spinach 2.0 0.1 0.05 2.0 0.4 2.0 5 65Peas 2.0 0.1 0.00 2.0 0.2 2.0 10 70Cowpea, beans 2.0 0.1 0.00 2.0 0.2 2.0 10 75Beet root 2.0 0.1 0.00 2.0 1.0 2.0 10 65Carrot 2.0 0.1 0.00 2.0 1.0 5.0 10 60Turnip 2.0 0.1 0.00 2.0 1.0 2.0 10 70Radish 2.0 0.1 0.05 2.0 1.0 2.0 10 70Potato 2.0 0.0 0.00 3.0 - - - -Tobacco 1.0 0.0 0.00 1.0 0.2 5.0 10 80Flowers 2.0 0.1 0.00 2.0 1.0 2.0 10 70Forest species 2.0 0.1 0.05 2.0 1.0 2.0 10 70Other crops 2.0 0.1 0.00 2.0 1.0 2.0 10 70

Note: OV=other varieties, OC=other crops, IM=inert matter, OW=objectionable weeds, G=germination.

NORMS OF SEED SAMPLING

9

SPECIES CROP Max: lot wt. MT

SubmittedSample.

Working sample.

Abelmoschus esculentus okra 20 1000g 140gAllium cepa onion 10 80 8Arachis hypogea peanut 20 1000 1000Brassica napus rape 10 70 7Brassica nigra mustard 10 40 4Capsicum annum pepper 10 150 15Carthamus tinctorius safflower 10 900 90Cicer arietinum chickpea 20 1000 1000Citrullus lanatus watermelon 20 1000 250Praecitrullus fistulosus tinda 10 150 70Cucumis melo muskmelon 10 150 70Coriandrum sativum coriander 20 500 50Cucumis sativus cucumber 10 150 70Cucurbita maxima Pumpkin 20 1000 700Cucurbita moschata Red gourd 10 350 180Cucurbita pepo marrow 20 1000 700Cyamopsis tetragonoloba Cluster bean 20 800 80Daucus carota carrot 10 30 3Glycine max soybean 20 1000 500Gossypium spp cotton 20 1000 350Lagenaria siceraria Bottle gourd 10 700 70Helianthus annus sunflower 20 1000 200Lactuca sativa lettuce 10 700 70Lens culinaris lentil 10 600 6Lycopersicon esculentumvar. esculentum

tomato 10 15 7

Medicago sativa lucerne 10 50 5Momordica charantia Bitter gourd 10 700 70Oryza sativa rice 25 400 40Pennisetum glaucum millet 10 150 15Pisum sativum pea 20 1000 900Raphanus sativus radish 10 300 30Ricinus communis castor 20 1000 500Sesamum orientale sesame 10 70 7Solanum melongena eggplant 10 150 15Sorghum bicolor sorghum 10 900 90Spinacia oleracea spinach 10 250 25Trifolium alexandrinum barseem 10 60 6Triticum aestivum wheat 25 1000 120Vigna radiata mung 20 1000 120Zea mays maize 40 1000 1000

10

Isolation Requirements for Seed Crops

Name of crop Pre-basic Basic Certified1. Wheat, Barley, Oats & Rice

10 m 10 m 3 m

2. Cotton 50 m 50 m 10 m3. Maize (OP) 400 m 400 m 200 m4. Barseem & Lucerne 400 m 200 m 50 m5. Pearl Millet(self pollinated varieties)

10 m 10 m 3 m

6. Pearl Millet(cross pollinated varieties)

400 m 400 m 200 m

7. Sorghum (OP) 300 m 300 m 200 m8. Groundnut & Soybean 10 m 10 m 10 m9. Rape and Mustard 400 m 400 m 200 m10. Sesame 50 m 50 m 25 m11. Sunflower (OP) 800 m 800 m 800 m12. Safflower 400 m 400 m 200 m13. Gram, Lentils 20 m 20 m 10 m14. Mung, Mash & Moth 5 m 5 m 3 m15. Onion 1600 m 1600 m 800 m16. Cabbages, Beet root, Carrot, Turnip, radish

1600 m 1600 m 1000 m

17. Cucurbits 800 m 800 m 400 m18. Eggplant, Pepper 400 m 400 m 200 m19. Okra 400 m 400 m 250 m20. Tomato 60 m 60 m 10 m21. Coriander 1000 m 1000 m 500 m22. Lettuce 50 m 50 m 25 m23. Spinach 400 m 400 m 300 m24. Peas and Beans 30 m 30 m 20 m25. Potato 10 m 10 m 5 m26. Tobacco 400 m 400 m 400 m

11

Working hints for seed certification

1. Please go through description of varieties at the start of each crop inspection season and verify variety before starting inspection of crop.

2. Verify source of seed sown from purchase voucher, certification tags and empty seed bags before inspection work.

3. Check cropping history for possibility of volunteer plants from last season crop.

4. Properly assess area under seed crop and must have access to all sides of the field for clear idea of the crop.

5. One fourth acre is practical unit of cultivation in Sindh; hence calculation of maximum number of permissible off-type or other crop plants for such unit will facilitate quick general evaluation.

6. Seeds of winter crops normally germinate at 20C and seeds of summer crops normally germinate at 25-30C.

7. Large and medium sized seeds best germinate between the papers (or towel sheets) whereas small seeds are best germinated on top of the paper. Disinfected sand can be used for germination test of all types of seeds.

8. Sun-drying of freshly ginned cotton seed is recommended to break temporary dormancy before germination test.

9. Regularly disinfect germination media and germination chamber, rotate sides of trays in germinator and ensure proper moisture & humidity level to get accurate results in germination test.

10.Endorse ‘Traces’ only in case no seed of other variety, other species or objectionable weed is found in working sample but observed in submitted sample. Give actual percentage of weight if above mentioned type of seeds are found in working sample. Use average weight of seed if weighing balance is not precise.

11.Insect damaged and broken seeds of more than half of original size are part of ‘pure seed’ and seed lots may not be rejected if germination is up to standard.

12.If seed samples are found contaminated with predominantly seed borne diseases, appropriate seed treatment may be recommended.

13. Accuracy of seed testing report depends upon accuracy of drawing submitted sample and preparing working sample.

12

Comparative Characters of Wheat Varieties of Sindh

Character TJ83 Kiran-95

Marvi-2000

Mehran-89

Anmol-91

Abadgar-93

Momal-2002

Sarsabz

1. Plant Height

85cm 105-110

85 100 100-105

108 100 100-105

2. Leaf color

green green darkgreen

darkgreen

darkgreen

darkgreen

green green

3. Stem wax

medium medium medium medium weak medium medium medium

4. F. leaf wax medium high high medium medium medium weak medium5. Ear wax weak weak medium high medium medium absent medium6.Auride pigments

absent absent absent weak weak weak absent absent

7. F. leaf attitude

semi-erect

semi-erect

semi-erect

erect horizontal erect erect recurved

8.F.leaf twist weak weak medium absent weak absent weak absent9. F. leafwidth

1.3cm 2.2 2.7 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.1 2.0

10. Ear color(m)

white Light red

lightred

white lightred

yellow white

off-white

white

11. Ear shape tapering tapering tapering tapering parallel parallel parallel tapering12. Ear density

lax lax mediumdense

mediumdense

mediumdense

mediumdense

mediumdense

lax

13. Ear pubescence

absent absent present absent absent absent absent absent

14. Kink medium medium weak weak absent absent absent weak15. Glume length

long long long medium medium long long medium

16.Shoulder

narrow elevated narrow indented medium medium narrow medium

17. Beak length

long short short medium medium medium long short

18. Beak spicules

present present present present present present absent present

19. Seed size 6.9x2.9x2.1mm

7x3x2.5 8x4x3 6.2x3.0x2.6

6x3x3 8x4.5x3 8x3.5x3 6x3x2.3

20. Seed shape

ovate ovate ovate ovate ovate ovate ovate ovate

21.Brush medium medium short medium medium medium medium medium22. Germ size medium medium

curvedlarge medium medium medium medium medium

23. Seed color amber Amber red

amber amber red

amber amber amber amber

24. Seedling color

green green darkgreen

dark green

darkgreen

darkgreen

green green

25. Seedlingpigments

absent absent absent absent absent absent absent absent

13

Comparative Characters of Cotton Varieties(A-1)

Character NIAB-78 CIM-473 FH-900 FH-901 FH-1000 CRIS-134Plant height 100-120 115 80-130 80-120 95cm 105 cmGrowth habit spreading compact c-med spreading medium mediumFlowering type single single single single single singleMonopodia, no.attitude

0-2s-erect

0-4s-erect

1-2s-erect

2s-erect

3.2s-erect

0-1

Sympodia, no.attitude

18-24spreading

26s-erect

16-17s-erect

22horizontal

20s-erect

16-18

Sympodia length long medium short mediumNodes/ sympodiaStem tip hair profuse medium medium medium mediumStem pigments medium weak weak weak mediumStem color red-greenFoliage density medium medium medium dense medium mediumLeaf type normal normal normal normal normal normalLeaf color green L-green green L-green green d-greenLeaf size-cm medium 14x17 12x14.5 13.1x15.3 12.8x15.7 11x14Leaf attitude s-erect horizon- horizontal s-erectLeaf nectries present present present present presentLeaf pubescence medium profuse sparse sparse mediumPetiole length 12.4 cm 10.2 cm 9.7 cm 12.7Flower size medium medium medium medium medium mediumPetal color cream cream cream cream cream creamPollen color cream cream cream cream cream creamPetal spot absent absent absent absent absent absentFlower nectries present present present present present presentStamen density s-dense s-dense s-dense s-dense s-denseStigma exertion 3-5 mm 2.6 mm 3.2 mm 3.2 mm 4.0mm 3.6 mmCalyx size medium medium medium medium medium mediumBracteole type normal normal normal normal normal normalBracteole length medium 4.2 cm medium medium mediumBracteole width 2.4 cm wide medium mediumB. teeth number 6-7B. teeth typePeduncle length 1.46 cm 2.5 cm 2.25 cmBoll shape r-oval round r-oval r-oval round roundBoll size medium large medium medium large mediumBeak size short short short short short

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Comparative Characters of Cotton Varieties (A-2)

Character NIAB-78 CIM-473 FH-900 FH-901 FH-1000 CRIS-134Beak spike mediumBoll length 4.3 cm 3.7 cm 4.0 cm 4.0 cm 4.5 cm 3.8 cmBoll width 3.1 cm 3.2 cm 3.5 cm 3.4 cm 3.6 cm 3.1 cmBoll surface smooth smooth smooth smooth smooth smoothBoll gossypol normal normal normal normal normal normalBoll opening good good good good good goodSeed size medium medium medium medium medium mediumSeed length 8-10 7.6 mm 9 mm 10 mm 9 mm 9-10 mmSeed width 4-5 mm 4.1 mm 5 mm 5 mm 5.2 mm 5-6 mmSeed fuzz fuzzy n-sf-fuzzy fuzzy Sf-fuzzy s-fuzzy d-fuzzyFuzz color dusky,

gr-tingedusky white

gr-tingewhite d-white dusky

Fiber color white white white white sh-white whiteStaple length 27 mm 29.1 mm 28.6 28 mm 27.5-28GOT 36-37 40.4 38.4 38.0 34.5Seed index 75-85 g 83.5 g 85 g 80 g 86-90 gBolls/plant 40 28 33 61 45-55Boll weight 3-3.5 g 4.46 g 4.1 g 4.2 g 2.9 gMaturity medium short medium medium mediumCLCV resistance absent present present present absentSeedlingCharactersHeight,14 daysLeaf spot present present presentColor L-green green greenAnthocyaninCot; leaf size1st true leaf sizeGossypol

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Comparative Characters of Cotton Varieties(B-1)

Character CRIS-9 Shaheen Shahbaz-95

Reshmi Chandi-95

Sohni

Plant height 120 cm 150 cm 120-125 cm 117 cm 110 cm 79 cmGrowth habit spreading spreading spreading medium mediumFlowering type single single single single single singleMonopodia, no.attitude

1-2S-spread

1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2

Sympodia, no.attitude

18S-spread

19 15-18semi-erect S. erect

18-20 16-18

Sympodia length medium shortNodes/ sympodiaStem tip hair medium medium sparse medium profuseStem pigments medium medium weak mediumStem colorFoliage density medium medium medium mediumLeaf color green L-green green D. green green greenLeaf type normal normal normal S. okra normal normalLeaf size-cm 14.5x18 10.5x12 12.1x12.4 10x11 10x11.5Leaf attitude s-erectLeaf nectries present present present presentLeaf pubescence medium medium medium sparse medium profusePetiole length 17.5 cmFlower size medium medium large medium mediumPetal color cream cream cream cream creamPetal spot absent absent absent absent absent absentPollen color cream cream cream cream cream creamFlower nectries present present present present present presentStamen density s-dense s-dense s-dense s-denseStigma exertion 8.0 mm 1.7-2.5 1.2 mm 3-5 mm 2-3 mm 0-1Calyx size medium medium medium mediumBracteole type normal normal normal normal normal normalBracteole length medium 4.1 cm 3.4 cm medium mediumBracteole widthB. teeth number 9-10 9-10B. teeth type medium

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Comparative Characters of Cotton Varieties (B-2)

Character CRIS-9 Shaheen Shahbaz-95 Reshmi Chandi-95 SohniPeduncle length 1.3 cm 4.0 cmBoll shape round Conical-b round conical round-oval roundBoll size medium medium large medium mediumBoll length-cm 3.3 4.6 3.8 3.5Boll width-cm 2.7 3.5 3.2 3.0Beak size short short medium shortBeak spikeBoll surface smooth smooth smooth smooth smoothBoll gossypol normal normal normal normal normal normalBoll opening good good good good good goodSeed size medium medium medium bold medium mediumSeed length-mm 8.0 8-11 7-9 9.5-10Seed width-mm 5.0 4-6 4-5 5.0Seed fuzz fuzzy fuzzy fuzzy fuzzy fuzzy fuzzySeed coat color d-brown brown brown brownFuzz color dusky greenish Dusky white white duskyFiber color white white white white white whiteStaple length 26.1 27.4 mm 27.5 mm 31.5 30 mm 26.5GOT % 34.6 35.1 33-33.5 35.2 35 38Fiber fineness 3.7 4.3 4-4.2 micron 4.0 4.0 4.5Seed index-gm 80-85 80-85 100-110 70Bolls/plant 20 39 25-30 30-40 100Boll weight-gm 2.6 3-4 3.5 5-6 4.2 3.36Maturity medium medium medium late medium shortCLCV resistance absent absent absent absent absent absentSeedlingCharactersHeight,14 daysLeaf spotColor Light green greenAnthocyaninCot; leaf size1st true leaf sizeGossypol

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Comparative Characteristics of Shua-92 (IR8-5), IRRI-8, IRRI-6, Shadab (IR6-18) and Sarshar (IR8-151).

Agronomic characters Shua-92 IRRI-8 IRRI-6 Shadab Sarshar 1. Leaves upright upright upright upright,

curved at tip

upright

2. Plant height (cm) 100 99 103 100 99.75 3. Lodging resistant resistant resistant resistant resistant 4. Optimum fertilizer, NPK

140-70-0 140-70-0 140-70-0 140-70-0 140-70-0

5. Stem borer resistance resistant susceptible susceptible resistant resistant 6. Kernel smut resistance resistant resistant resistant resistant resistant 7. Brown spot resistance resistant resistant 7. Days to flowering 122 118 121 120 8. Days to maturity 148 147 150 148 150 9. Productive tillers 18 14 19 21 20 10. Grains/ panicle 168 138 156 164 156 11. Yield (kg/ ha) 10239 8918 9258 7588 12. Yield (mds/acre) 77 72 73 83 Paddy seed characters: 1. Length (mm) 9.54 8.97 9.90 10.19 9.64 2. Width (mm) 2.13 3.13 2.07 2.39 2.57 3. Thickness (mm) 2.20 2.09 2.00 1.94 1.93 4. L/B ratio 4.47 2.86 4.80 4.30 3.57 5. 1000 grain weight (g) 24.5 29.0 26.5 24.1 28.8 Rice grain characters: 1. Length (mm) 7.09 6.77 6.91 7.52 7.11 2. Width (mm) 2.05 2.61 2.09 1.84 2.16 3. Thickness (mm) 1.73 1.83 1.71 1.66 1.74 4. L/B ratio 3.46 2.59 3.30 4.08 3.29 5. 1000 grain weight (g) 18.97 22.1 19.75 18.48 21.00 6. Size long long long extra long long 7. Shape slender medium slender slender slender Chemical composition: Amylose content high high high high high Chalkiness % 1.85 45.81 7.87 1.85 Protein % 7.76 7.62 8.49 9.56 7.22 Ca (mg/ 100g) 28.33 25.18 33.86 P (mg/ 100g) 229 210 245 Fe (mg/ 100g) 3.05 2.46 3.50 Na (mg/ 100g) 11.29 11.19 14.11 K (mg/ 100g) 99 112 147 Cooking characters: 1. Gel consistency (mm) medium medium medium medium medium

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Suggestions for Quality Cotton Seed Production

1. Use high-vigor and high-purity source seed for seed multiplication to get good quality crop and good seed maturity.

2. Plant population in seed crop may be kept 20% less than recommended for the specific variety to allow proper growth, aeration and rouging.

3. Nitrogen fertilizer may be applied 20% less than recommended dose, phosphorus fertilizer as per recommendation and potassium fertilizer 20% more than recommended dose in seed crop for better seed development.

4. Water stress may be avoided after boll formation to facilitate normal seed maturity.

5. Rouging of off-types may be done as soon as flowering is initiated to curtail pollination of other plants by insects.

6. First 2-3 bolls opened at the base of the plants may be picked separately and may not be used for seed production. Similarly the end picking may also not be used for seed production.

7. Proper pest control measures, especially against pink boll worm, are necessary for quality seed production.

8. Picking may not be delayed when sufficient bolls have opened in the field. Delay may result in seed deterioration.

9. Picking may not be started early in the morning so as dew is evaporated before start of picking operation.

10.Picked seed cotton may be properly dried before regular storage and preferably be stored under shade to avoid dew fall.

11.Seed cotton may not be pressed during storage.12.Ginning of seed cotton may be arranged as early as possible. After

ginning seed may be dried properly to bring seed moisture in the range of 6-8% and then stored in cool aerated store.

13.Proper stacking of seed bags and use of pallets may be ensured so as each seed bag is aerated, to avoid chance of seed heating.

14.During uncertain weather silica gel can be used to keep stores dry. 15.Fuzzy cotton seed may be graded before final bagging to separate

immature seeds.16.Cotton seed delinted with sulphuric acid must be neutralized with

proper alkali and immediately dried to safe limit. 17.Delinted seed can be graded using gravity table to separate low weight

seeds.

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Our Publications

1. Guidelines for Quality Seed Production and Certification in Sindh.

2. Full Text Descriptions of All Crop Varieties Approved for Cultivation in Sindh.

3. Guidelines for Early Generation True-to-type Seed Production.4. Guidelines for Seed Business under WTO-Regime.5. WTO-Farm Policies: New Risks, New Challenges (Urdu).6. WTO-Farm Policies and Our Options at State and Farm Level (Urdu).7. Updated Taxonomic Directory: Economic Plants of South Asia

(Magnoliophyta). All entries reviewed according to Current International Taxonomic System.

8. Under-utilized Genetic Resources of Sindh: Famine Foods, Spices, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants and Traditional Varieties.

9. In Situ Conservation of Biodiversity and Farmers Participatory Breeding Programs.

10.Crop Variety Descriptors for Cereal Crops: Bread Wheat, Durum Wheat, Barley, Oat, Corn, Rice, Sorghum, Millets, Triticale etc.

11.Crop Variety Descriptors for Industrial Crops: Sugarcane, Sugar beet, Cotton, Tobacco, Tea, Coffee, Cocoa, Cola, Rubber, Jute, Guar, Castor and others.

12.Crop Variety Descriptors for Vegetable and Melon Crops.13.Crop Variety Descriptors for Fodder Crops: Grasses, Crucifers,

Legumes, Fodder beet and others.14.Crop Variety Descriptors for Oilseed Crops: Crucifers, Sunflower,

Soybean, Sesame, Safflower, Groundnut, Flax, Oil palm, Coconut etc.15.Crop Variety Descriptors for Grain Legume Crops (Pulses):

Gram, Mung, Mash, Moth, Lens, Pigeon pea, Matri and others.16.Crop Variety Descriptors for Fruit Plants: Mango, Citrus, Banana,

Guava, Jujube, Litchi, Chiku, Plums and others.17.Crop Variety Descriptors for Spices Crops: Turmeric, Ginger,

Cumin, Fennel, Betel leaf, Betel nut, Kalonji and others.18.Crop Variety Descriptors for Ornamental and Aromatic Plants.19.Crop Variety Descriptors for Medicinal Plants.20.Protection of Genetic Resources and Traditional Knowledge Act

(Proposed).21. Ornamental Plants of South Asia (Magnoliophyta). All entries

reviewed according to Current International Taxonomic System.

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