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Guidelines for Estimating Capital Costs For Village Schemes

Guideline No. : NWSDB / RWS / GUI / 08

NATIONAL WATER SUPPLY AND DRAINAGE BOARD

Prepared by Third ADB Assisted Water Supply Sanitation Sector Project

December 2008

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Table of Contents Useful Conversion Rates 4 Preface 6 Introduction 7, 8 Part A Preface 6 Introduction 7 1 Basic Considerations in Estimation 8 1.1 The Process 8 1.2 Basic Considerations 9 2 Estimating Capital Cost – Initial Investigation Stage 11 2.1 Pipe Borne Water Supply Schemes 11 2.2 Dug Wells 14 2.3 Rain Water Harvesting Tanks 14 2.4 Tube Wells with Hand Pumps 14 2.5 Shallow Bore Holes with Locally Made Hand Pumps 15 2.6 Other Technologies 15 3 Estimating Capital Cost – Feasibility Study Stage 16 3.1 Piped Water Supply Schemes 16 3.2 Dug Wells 18 3.3 Rainwater Harvesting Tanks 19 3.4 Tube Wells with Hand Pumps 19 3.5 Shallow Wells with Locally Made Hand Pumps 19 3.6 Other Technologies 19 4 Estimating Capital Cost – Final Design Stage 20 4.1 Piped Water Supply Schemes 20 4.2 Dug Wells 21 4.3 Rainwater Harvesting Tanks 22 4.4 Deep Tube Wells 22 4.5 Final Estimate 22 5 Estimating the O&M Cost 23 5.1 Piped Water Supply Schemes 23 5.2 Dug Wells 24 5.3 Tube Wells with Hand Pump 24 5.4 Privately Owned Facilities 24

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Part B – Guidelines for Updating the Costing Tables 1.0 General 26 2.0 Updating Computer Files 27 2.1 Structure of the Files 27 2.2 Levels and Authority of Updating 28 2.3 Timing of Updating 28 Part C – Costing Tables Tables C 1 – Costs of Components – Village Water Supply Schemes Tables C 2 – Material and Labour Schedules of Components Tables C 3 – Basic Rates and Norms List of Annexes: Annex 1: Sample BOQ Formats

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Useful Conversion Rates 1m = 3.28 ft 1 ft = 0.3049 m 1 km = 0.6 miles

(approx)

1 mile = 1.6 km (approx)

1 m2 = 10.76 ft2 1 ft2 = 0.0929 m2 = 0.1076 sqr

1 Sqr

= 9.29 m2

1 m3 = 35.29 ft3 1ft3 = 0.0283 m3 = 0.35 cube 1

cube = 2.83 m3

1 lt = 0.220 gal 1 gal = 4.546 litre 1 m3 = 220 gal 1000 gal = 4.5 m3 1 kg = 2.204 lb 1 lb = 0.454 kg 1 M Tonne

= 1,000 kg I Ton = 2240 lb

= 2,204 lb = 1016 kg 1cwt = 112 lb

= 50 kg (approx) 1 bushel = 28 lb (approx)

= 25 kg

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PART A - GUIDELINES FOR FIELD STAFF

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Preface This document has been prepared at an early stage of the Third Water Supply and

Sanitation (Sector) Project, prior to the commencement of village sub-project

implementation. The document has been forwarded for comments to the District

Managers of the Project’s Project Implementation Units (PIU), to the AGM (RWS),

DGM (RWS) and RSCs. Some figures in the cost tables were not available at the time of

distribution. These figures will be provided in the final version.

The norms adopted in deriving the unit costs presented in this document are based on the

experience elsewhere and the prices are based on those obtained from suppliers. With the

experience gathered after the commencement of implementation of sub projects, it would

be possible to refine these norms and prices and thereby revising the unit rates in order to

derive the costs with better accuracy.

Hence, it is expected that the officers concerned, both in the district offices and PO’s staff

would monitor the costs involved during the implementation of the sub projects, and

notify any need of changes, revisions or refinements of the information contained in this

document. This will enable the PMU of the RWS to incorporate such refinements in

subsequent revisions of the document.

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Introduction The purpose of this Guideline is to guide Technical Assistants (TA) of the Partner

Organizations (PO) for preparing the cost estimates of water supply and sanitation in rural

village sub projects, and also to enable the EAs of the RWS to check the cost estimates

prepared by the POs and appraise the proposals.

The Guideline covers several aspects;

• Guidance to the TA of PO in cost comparison of options during the participatory

planning and designing process;

• Assistance to the TA in identifying appropriate components of the water supply

facilities to be provided to the community;

• Guidance to the TA in deriving the cost of construction of water supply facilities as

required at different stages with the appropriate level of accuracy, and assessing the

approximate cost of operation and maintenance of the same; and

• Guidance to the District Office staff for updating the basic prices and thereby the unit

costs of components periodically, so that the cost estimates prepared by the TA of the

PO are more realistic.

The unit costs presented in this guideline are mainly for the purpose of comparison of the

costs of the various technological. The unit costs used for the final estimates should be

those applicable to the particular area.

This Guideline is a complementary document to the “Field Manual for Technical

Assistants in Planning and Design of Village Schemes”, which has been prepared by the

RWS.

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This Guideline is in 3 parts; Part A – Guidelines for Field Staff Part B – Guidelines for Updating the Costing Tables Part C – Costing Tables C 1 - Cost of Components (to be used during investigation and feasibility stage) C 2 - Material and Labour Schedules of Components (to be used as reference during Feasibility Stage) C 3 - Basic Rate and Norms

1 Basic Considerations in Estimation 1.1 The Process The Technical Assistant (TA) of the Partner Organization (PO) is supposed to facilitate the community in the selection of the method for improving their existing water supply facilities out of several technological options and ser-vice levels considered by the community. During this process, the TA has to present the community the details regarding the options on three occasions;

• At the investigation stage, where the ideas put forward by the community, emerge during discussions and possibilities identified by the TA are formulated into possible options, and unsuitable options are screened out;

• At feasibility stage, where the options selected are studied further, and the most

suitable option is selected by the community; and • At final design stage, where the selected option is designed in detail, based on which

the construction activities of the sub project will be approved, the funds will be allocated, and the community contributions are determined.

In this process, the capital cost and O&M costs are important considerations for the community to make the correct selection. Hence, the community has to be made aware of the cost involvement (both capital & O&M) together with the details of other aspects, for each of the option under consideration.

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1.2 Basic Considerations There are certain basic considerations in preparing the estimates, which are briefly outlined below; Water Supply:

i. The TA should prepare the cost estimates for each of the options separately. In case one option consists of more than one system of supply (e.g. One part of the GND is suggested to be covered by a piped water scheme and another part by wells), cost of each of the systems should be estimated separately;

ii. The number of beneficiaries in each of the options (or each system of supply, if one

option contains several systems) should be assessed separately; iii. In each of the cost estimates, the unskilled labour component should be shown

separately, as this could be the community contribution, or a part of it; iv. The allowance for physical contingency in the cost estimate should be 10% of the

total cost estimate. An allowance would not be required for price escalation (price contingency) due to the short duration of the implementation;

v. The basic rates collected by the TA for the purpose of preparing final estimates

should include any cost of transport to the site by vehicles. Any head transport involved should be considered as an unskilled labour component;

vi. The cost of tools and implements required for construction should be assessed

separately, and indicated in the estimate at each stage. vii. When details are presented to the community, the capital cost estimates should be

presented as;

a. total cost for GND (with community contribution shown separately) b. total cost for each system of supply (with community contribution shown

separately) c. per HH cost for each system of supply (with community contribution shown

separately)

viii. The O&M cost of the options should be presented to the community at each stage, as per household cost per month (for any technology) and, in pipe borne water

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supply technology, as per household cost per month and as a total for each system.

ix. The project policy states that a minimum of 20% of the cost of construction or

the unskilled labour portion of the construction, which-ever is higher should be borne by the community.

x. If 20% of the cost cannot be covered only with unskilled labour, then the balance

should be covered by the community either with cash or kind or both. xi. The contribution from the community should be based on each type of

technology. The Project contribution will be based on the type of technology and will be assessed on the basis of the number of beneficiary households. This will be subject to a maximum amount as decided by the project, which could be revised periodically. The present levels of project contribution are shown in Table 1.

Sanitation:

The project subsidy for sanitation is Rs 3,000/- per beneficiary house-holds. The funds are payable to CBO. Table 1 – Technology Options and Subsidy Levels (subsidy levels to be provided in final version of this document)

No. Facility / Level of Service Max. Project Contribution (Rs. Per HH) Wet Zone Districts Dry Zone Districts

1 Private wells within the premises

2 Public Wells (half lined)

3 Piped water supply scheme - Gravity

4 Piped water supply scheme - pumping

5 Rainwater Harvesting

6 Tube well with hand pump

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2 Estimating Capital Cost – Initial Investigation Stage At this stage, the objectives in the planning process are:

• In a participatory manner, organize the expressed wishes and suggestions provided by the community and ideas of the TA into several distinct technological options for providing water supply; and

• To eliminate the unsuitable ones from further considerations. By this way, it is expected that the number of options to be considered in the next stage of the process could be narrowed down to 2 or 3. The process is described in detail in the “Field Manual for Technical Assistants for Planning and Designs of Village Schemes” In the above process, the Preliminary Cost Estimates of the capital cost and O&M cost are two important factors to be considered, among other factors. The accuracy of cost estimates prepared at this stage need not be very high. Accuracy in the order of 30% - 40% is considered reasonable. The process of preparing preliminary estimates is outlined in this chapter, in respect of the each type of facility, indicating the relevant unit costs to be used. At this stage, it is important for the TA to visualize typical possible schemes. For this purpose, some possible standard options are presented in Table 2. 2.1 Pipe Borne Water Supply Schemes For assessing the cost:

• Assess the capacities and sizes of the components, in accordance with the guidelines, “Field Manual for Technical Assistants for Planning and De-signs of Village Schemes”.

• Select the relevant cost from Table C - 1.1

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2.1.1. Intake Structure

• From the type drawings, select the suitable type of intake structure, and assess any changes required to it; and

• From the cost tables C - 1.1, select the relevant cost. If required, adjust it to suit

the changes required to the type drawing. Note - No detailed assessment of changes and calculation of quantities are needed at this stage. 2.1.2 Break Pressure Tanks (BPTs)

• Select the type of the BPT from the type drawings, in consideration of the soil conditions and availability of materials.

• Select the cost of the BPT from this Guidelines ( Ref. Table C - 1.1). If

required, make suitable adjustments depending on soil conditions. 2.1.3 Storage Tanks

• Assess the required capacity of the storage tank (ref. "Field Manual for Technical Assistants for Planning and Designs of Village Schemes").

• Select the type of tank (whether rubble masonry or ferrocement) based on field

observations and availability of materials. (ref. Above field manual) • Obtain the cost of the tank from Table C - 1.1 in this guideline.

2.1.4 Pumps and Pump Houses In case of pumping schemes, the TA should: Assess the type and capacity of pumps, as described in the “Field Manual for Technical Assistants for Planning and Designs of Village Schemes”. He should pay attention to the availability of electricity; Select the cost of pump from Table C - 1.2, which is suitable for the given conditions (Consider the need of stand-by pumps too); Select the cost of pump house, which is suitable to accommodate the pumps from Table C - 1.1.

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2.1.5 Other items (chlorinators if applicable, stand posts etc) Depending on the suitability for the area, select the costs of these from Table C - 1.1. 2.1.6 Pipe Lines

• Perform preliminary hydraulic designs. Derive pipe sizes and lengths based on this. (Ref. “Field Manual for Technical Assistants for Planning and Designs of Village Schemes”)

• Refer the Table C - 1.3 and determine the unit cost of pipes needed. • Assess the total cost of pipes.

(Note : The unit cost of pipes indicated in Table C - 1.3 include, in addition to the cost of pipes, the cost of excavation in normal soil, back filling, transport to the site, valves, valve chambers, anchor-age, supports and culvert crossings. However, cost of any excavation in rock requiring blasting or road reinstatement is not included.)

• If any rock blasting is envisaged, the quantity should be assessed separately. 2.1.7 Road Reinstatement.

• Observe whether pipelines need to be laid across any tarred roads or in the tarred section of roads;

• Assess the extent of length thus involved (a rough estimation of the percentage

from the total length is adequate at this stage). • Assess the approximate area of re-instatement required (assume the width of

re-instatement to be 0.5m). • Assess the cost of re-instatement using the unit rate given in Table C - 1.4.

Note: Consult the DIU for guidance regarding how to incorporate this cost in the cost estimate. This should be shown separately in the cost estimates. 2.1.8 Excavation in rock The amount of excavation in rock should be determined approximately along the pipelines, and at sites where the structures are to be constructed. The unit cost of excavation in rock as given in Table C - 1.4 shall be used to determine the cost.

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2.1.9 Any other costs.

• Assess any kind of other costs likely to be incurred. These may include e.g. supply of electricity, bridge crossings, and provision of any water treatment other than chlorination.

• Assess the costs separately, in consultation with relevant authorities and the

EA in the DIU. 2.2 Dug Wells

• Choose the appropriate types of wells, depending on the availability of materials, wishes of the community, soil conditions etc (ref. “Field Manual for Technical Assistants for Planning and Designs of Village Schemes”); and

• Select the relevant unit costs from the Table C - 1.1 (Note : The costs indicated in the Table are for normal soil conditions. For any excavation in rock requiring blasting, the cost should be added separately. Allowance for de-watering while excavating also should be made.)

2.3 Rain Water Harvesting Tanks • Assess the approximate number of tanks required from each type within the

community. (ferrocement, brick or HDPE). Discussions with community would help the TA in this matter; and

• Using Table C - 1.1, assess the cost involved.

2.4 Tube Wells with Hand Pumps • Assess the required number of tube wells within the area, guided by the criteria

indicated in "Field Manual for Technical Assistants for Planning and Designs of Village Schemes" and the outcome of discussions with the community; and

• Assess the cost involved, using the unit cost of tube wells indicated in Table C

- 1.1 Note: At this stage, a specialist opinion of a hydrogeologist is not required.

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2.5 Shallow Bore Holes with Locally Made Hand Pumps This is an option, which would be requested only in certain districts. In the assessment of costs, the TA should do the following: • Assess the number of shallow bore holes requested within the area, considering the soil

conditions; and • Assess the cost involved, using the unit cost for the facility, indicated in Table C - 1.1. 2.6 Other Technologies Other technologies suggested by the communities could include, pumps operated with solar power, pumps operated with wind power and community type rainwater harvesting, or rope pumps used with shallow wells. Costs of these should be prepared in consultation with the PIU.

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3 Estimating Capital Cost – Feasibility Study Stage The main objective of the planning and design process at this stage is to select the most suitable option from the previously selected few options. In this selection process, the capital cost and O&M costs are two important considerations among other factors. The level of accuracy of assessment should be moderate, which could be around 20%. Basically, the same cost tables used during the previous stage (Investigation Stage) could be used, but with more accurate field data. Hence, the adjustments could be made more accurately. Tables C -2 could be used in order to make any adjustments to the cost of components more accurately. 3.1 Piped Water Supply Schemes 3.1.1 Intake Structure The method of estimation should be similar to that adopted in the preliminary investigation stage, but with more accurate field data. The same Table indicating the unit costs (Table C -1.1) should be used. 3.1.2 Break Pressure Tanks The detailed surveys with better accuracy are conducted at this stage. The locations of BPTs required could be ascertained with better accuracy, and hence the number could be assessed correctly. For the purpose of costing, the same unit costs used for preliminary costing (Table C -1.1) could be used at this stage.

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3.1.3 Storage Tanks With the compilation of more field data and detailed surveys, the TA should assess the type, capacity and location of storage tanks more accurately. The costs of storage tanks could be determined by using the Table C -1.1. 3.1.4 Cost of Pumps and Pump House The TA should assess the capacity of pumps that may be required, as described in the "Field Manual for Technical Assistants for Planning and Designs of Village Schemes". The cost of pumps should be assessed based on the Table C - 1.2. Cost of pump house should be assessed separately, as given in Table C - 1.1 3.1.5 Other Structures (Chlorinators and Stand Posts) With collection of more field details and surveys conducted, the locations and numbers should be determined exactly, and modifications could be determined accurately to the standard drawings. The unit costs indicated in Table C - 1.1 could be used for costing of these items, with the adjustments of costs as required. 3.1.6 Pipe Lines As more accurate field surveys are conducted, the levels, lengths and ground conditions should be available more accurately at this stage. Accordingly, the TA should determine the types and sizes of pipes with better accuracy (ref. "Field Manual for Technical Assistants for Planning and Designs of Village Schemes"). The unit rates given in Table C - 1.3 should be used in this stage too for assessment of costs. Any need of excavation in rock and road re-instatement is not included in the rates and these should be assessed separately.

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3.1.7 Road Reinstatement

• Assess the cost of road re-instatement by using the rates obtained from above authorities, or by using the values given in Table C - 1.1.

( Note : Discuss with the DIU and obtain their advise prior to communicating with these authorities) 3.1.8 Excavation in Rock The amount of excavation in rock should be determined by close observation along the pipe line routes, and at sites where the structures are to be constructed. The cost of excavation in rock as given in Table C - 1.4 shall be used to determine the cost. 3.1.9 Any other costs

• Assess the costs separately, in consultation with relevant authorities and the EA in the DIU.

3.2 Dug Wells

• Visit all the proposed well sites and assess the soil conditions in detail including permeability and seasonal variations of the water table;

• Assess the required depth of well, by consulting the beneficiary households

and by inspecting the wells in neighbourhood; if the ground water table in the area has gone down over the past five years there is reason to consider some safety margin in the depth of the well.

• Determine the number of beneficiary households for each pro-posed well; • Select the diameter needed and assess the requirement of lining for each well; • Choose the type of well for each location, in consultation with the users, and

depending on the availability of construction materials; and • Select the relevant costs of wells from Table C - 1.1, and if needed, make any

adjustments based on details given in Tables C - 2. Note: The costs indicated in the Table are for normal soil conditions. For any excavation in rock requiring blasting, the cost should be

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added separately. Allowance for de-watering while excavating also should be made. 3.3 Rainwater Harvesting Tanks The TA should assess the required number of rain water harvesting tanks of each type more accurately, and use the unit cost indicated in Table C - 1.1 for assessing the cost. It should be noted that the estimates do not cover the cost of roofing or other collection media. 3.4 Tube Wells with Hand Pumps The Ta should tentatively identify the locations where the tube wells are re-quested; identify the beneficiary households for each well; and consult the DIU for obtaining expert advice from the hydro geologist, with a field inspection if the hydro geologist wishes so. Assess the cost involvement, by using the unit cost given in Table C - 1.1 3.5 Shallow Wells with Locally Made Hand Pumps The TA should identify the locations where the facilities are requested, and visit the locations; He should assess the suitability of option in consideration of the type and nature of the soil, prevalence and success of similar facilities in the locality; If necessary, consult the hydro geologist in the PIU through the DIU. Assess the cost involvement, using the unit cost given in Table C - 1.1 3.6 Other Technologies Assess the technical feasibility of using the technology more critically, and consult the DIU regarding any doubt; and Choose a suitable cost from Table C.1.1 and make required adjustments in consultation with the DIU.

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4 Estimating Capital Cost – Final Design Stage At this stage, the water supply facilities intended to be constructed have al-ready been identified. The preparation of cost estimates at this stage should be for the purpose of: • Obtaining approval for the construction of facilities; • Finalization of the cost contributions by the community and the project; and • Being used as the “Engineer’s Estimate” in awarding a contract for construction of the

facilities, if it is decided by the CBO. Hence, the cost estimates should be quite accurate, (say, within 10%) and the estimates should be fairly detailed. 4.1 Piped Water Supply Schemes At this stage, the TA has prepared accurate final drawings of the layout of the scheme, and identified any modifications required for the type drawings of the components of scheme. Further, any special drawings required also have been drawn. The detailed BOQs, and also lists of materials should be prepared at this stage. 4.1.1 Pipe Lines

• Ensure that all pipes, each of the fittings and specials required are listed (either in the BOQ or the material list).

• Use the unit rates given in Table C - 3.3 to C - 3.10 (Basic rates of pipes and

specials) for costing. Note : The TA should ensure that the rates contained therein are the most updated ones by the PIU.

• Any cost of manual transport (if relevant) within the scheme should be added to the estimate separately, as a labour component.

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4.1.2 Other Items

• Ensure that the drawings of the structures are complete and that type drawings are modified to suit the site conditions;

• Ensure that the BOQs (or material lists) are properly revised to suit the

modified drawings; • Collect the rates of the required materials locally, and obtain the approval of

the DIU before using them; • For materials which need to be purchased from outside (e.g. Wiremesh for

ferrocement tanks), use the rates given in Table C - 3.1. • In case of costing the material list, as minor construction items are not included

in the list, a suitable allowance should be made in the cost estimates. • Cost of the items such as supply and installation of pumps or sup-ply of

electricity should be included after consulting the suppliers and relevant authorities.

Note : Advise from DIU should be obtained in this regard if necessary. 4.1.3 Road Reinstatement

• The extent of any road reinstatement should be assessed on road by road basis accurately, differentiating the extents, which require the reinstatement of tarred surface and the gravel part.

• In consultation with the DIU, obtain the rates applicable for rein-statement

from the relevant road authorities, and assess the cost of reinstatement of roads.

Note : TA should consult the DIU regarding the cost component of road reimbursement, to ascertain whether any further negotiations with the road authorities are needed. 4.2 Dug Wells The TA should refine the assessments of costs made at feasibility stage, and modify the overall estimates and per household estimates accordingly.

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4.3 Rainwater Harvesting Tanks The TA should refine the assessment of costs made at feasibility stage, and modify the overall estimates and per household estimates accordingly. 4.4 Deep Tube Wells The TA should refine the assessments of costs made at feasibility stage, and modify the overall estimates and per household estimates accordingly. Note: If it is needed, an investigation by the hydro geologist should be arranged at this stage, in order to confirm the locations, please consult DIU/PIU 4.5 Final Estimate The preparation of final estimate should be in accordance with the guide lines given in the “Field Manual for Technical Assistants in Planning and Designs of Village Schemes”. The formats to be used with explanatory notes are given in the Annex 1. It should be noted that the construction works is supposed to be done by the Community Based Organization (CBO) on contract basis, with contracts awarded based on the final estimates prepared by the TA. The cost of unskilled labour component or the 20% of construction cost or any balance of cost after the contribution by the Project (subject to the relevant cost ceiling) will be borne by the community. In order to assess this for each different technology and for each scheme, the BOQs have to be developed separately, and consequently the Contract Documents will have to be prepared separately.

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5 Estimating the O&M Cost The estimation of Operation & Maintenance cost at different stages should be done by the TA and forwarded to the community along with the capital cost and other factors. The accuracy levels of estimation should increase at each stage. At the feasibility study stage and final design stage, this should be presented with details of involvement of operators, materials etc as applicable. It is of particular importance for the future financial viability of the schemes that the TA communicates and discusses with the communities two issues: Adjustment of tariffs/community payment for inflation

Replacement costs

The cost estimates presented here only consider the current cost level, not the level in three or ten years time. As costs in general, and electricity and labour wages in particular, increase every year the communities must realize that an-nual or bi-annual adjustments may be necessary. Similarly, the community should realize the concept of replacement costs and in the early stage discuss the implications of not contributing towards replacement. 5.1 Piped Water Supply Schemes The O&M cost of pipe borne water supply schemes depend on several factors. The main factors affecting the O&M cost are:

• Whether it is a gravity scheme or pumping scheme; • Whether a caretaker/operator is needed, and whether he should be a full time or part

time employee; • Whether treatment is needed;

The TA should assess the above requirement at each stage of estimation.

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The assessment of O&M cost is thus specific. However, Table C - 4 indicates certain cost figures which could be used for this purpose. 5.2 Dug Wells The O&M cost allowed in this case is only occasional for replacement of bucket and rope (or the rope, in the case of rope pump), and occasional structural repairs, mainly repairs to the external part.. Regular bailing of water and cleaning is expected to be done by the community, with free labour. 5.3 Tube Wells with Hand Pump The cost of repairs may be taken as Rs. 500/- per well per year. This is excluding the cost of flushing the borehole, the cost of which will be about Rs 5,000/= per well. Frequency of this will depend on the hydro geological conditions, but could be assumed as once in 5 years. 5.4 Privately Owned Facilities As the cost of operation and maintenance of privately owned facilities are borne by the respective owner, there will not be a collective expenditure from the community. Hence, this need not be specifically presented to the community.

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Part B - GUIDELINES FOR UPDATING THE COSTING

TABLES

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1 General The costing tables presented in Part C of this Guideline, which contain the unit rates of components in typical water supply systems, need to be updated periodically, with district-specific rates. The unit rates indicated have been developed on the following basis;

• The unit rates of different components of the water supply system are developed based on the BOQs or lists of materials of each of these components. Wherever possible, the amounts of quantities have been obtained from the actual previous constructions, while others are based on standard BSR.

• The norms used for pipe laying are those adopted in previous similar projects. It is

expected that these will be refined during the implementation, by using field data of actual usage.

• Basic unit rates of materials and labour have been used based on currently available

data. These also should be updated periodically, using district specific data. • For the convenience of updating, the basic unit rates, norms used, the BOQs /

Material Lists and the resulting unit costs of components are developed and included in a Computer File (in EXCELL), which is pro-vided to each district office. The details of this and the updating procedure are described in the following section.

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2 Updating Computer Files 2.1 Structure of the Files The computer package for costing consists of the file named as "Rates, Norms and BOQs". This file contains the worksheets with:

• Basic rates (of building materials, PVC pipes and GI pipes); • Work norms of pipe laying; • Bills of Quantities of various components; • Summary of costs of components of schemes; and • Different options of water supply and sanitation.

These sheets are arranged in such a way that the costs required at the investigation stage and at the feasibility stage can easily be obtained. As the work sheets are linked with one another, any updating of the basic rates or norms will automatically update the costs in the relevant sheets. The file is designed with the intention that the rates are updated periodically at district level, and the norms and BOQs are refined at the PMU level as and when required, based on field experience. In order to facilitate convenient updating, notes and remarks are included in the worksheets. In addition, on-screen comments are also included in the computer file. The files are kept write protected, so as to avoid any unauthorized changes.

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2.2 Levels and Authority of Updating The authority of updating the files is suggested as follows; Updating the basic rates - At the district level, by the Senior Engineer, with the concurrence of the District Manager. Refining the norms and BOQ quantities - At PMU level, by the Senior Rural Water Supply Engineer or the Technical Unit, with the concurrence of the Team Leader/AGM. Any revision/inclusion of components, options or other changes - At PMU level, by the Senior Rural Water Supply Engineer or the Technical Unit, with the concurrence of the Team Leader and AGM. Any suggestions for refining of norms, inclusion of components, options or any district-specific changes originated at the district levels should be conveyed to the PMU, in order to update the document and disseminate them to the other districts. 2.3 Timing of Updating The rates should be updated at the district level once in every six months. The refining of norms and BOQ quantities should be effected once a year, based on the feed back from the field. Any other revisions etc should be done as and when required.

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Part C - COSTING TABLES

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Tables C - 1

Costs of Components - Village Water Supply Schemes ( To be used for preparing cost estimates during

investigation stage and feasibility stage)

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UNIT COSTS - TYPICAL WATER SUPPLY FACILITIES - Wet Zone District

No. Type Basis / Assumptions Total Cost(Rs.)

Per HH Cost (Rs)

Per HH of Unskilled Labour(Rs)

1 Private Wells (Half Lined) Dia. 1.0m and av. Depth 5.5 m 17,600 17,600 2,635

2 Public Wells (Fully Lined) Dia. 1.5m and av. Depth 5.5 m , usage - 5 persons per well 33,600 6,720 1,995

3 Public Wells (Half Lined) Dia. 1.5m and av. Depth 5.5 m , usage - 5 persons per well 27,600 5,520 1,015

4 Gravity Scheme, with Yard taps A typical scheme assumed 10,900 4,800

5 Pumping Scheme,with Yard taps A typical scheme assumed 16,000 4,900

6 Rainwater Harveting tanks 5 m3 tank made out of ferrocement 15,300 15,300 2,635

7 Tube Wells with Hand Pumps 15 HH per well, depth less than 50 m assumed 114,000 7,600 100

UNIT COSTS - TYPICAL WATER SUPPLY FACILITIES - Dry Zone District

No. Type Basis / Assumptions Total

Cost(Rs.) Per HH

Cost (Rs) Per HH of Unskilled

Labour(Rs)

1 Private Wells (Half Lined) Dia. 1.0m and av. Depth 7 m 19,000 19,000 3,200

2 Public Wells (Fully Lined) Dia. 1.5m and av. Depth 7 m , usage - 5 persons per well 44,700 8,900 3,280

3 Public Wells (Half Lined) Dia. 1.5m and av. Depth 7 m , usage - 5 persons per well 30,000 6,000 1,240

4 Gravity Scheme, with Yard taps A typical scheme assumed

5 Pumping Scheme,with Yard taps A typical scheme assumed 19,300 4,500

6 Rainwater Harveting tanks 5 m3 tank made out of ferrocement 15,800 15,800 3,000

7 Tube Wells with Hand Pumps 15 HH per well, 60m deeep well assumed 120,000 8,000 100

32

No. Level of service Total

cost of facility

Total HH cost

Out of the HH cost Fixed max. project

contribution

Required HHcash

contributionRequired unskilled

labour

20% cost

80% cost

1 Wells – within premises (half-lined) Dia 1 and av.

depth 7m. 19000 19000 3200 3800 15200 6750 6300

2 Pub wells (Lined) Dia 1.5 and av. depth 7m 5

HHtoshare 44700 8900 3280 1780 7120 6750 20

3 Pub. wells (H.Lined) Dia. 1.5 and av. depth 7m5HHtoshare 30000 6000 1240 1200 4800 4750 10

4 Gravity – Main distribution

network only

Not Applicable

5 Pumping 19300 4500 3860 15440 10000 4800

6 Rain water harvesting 5m3 tank in ferrocement 15800 15800 3000 3160 12640 10000 2800

7 Tube well with hand pump 15 HH to share. 60m deep

120000 8000 100 1600 6400

6400 or 80% of actual cost or which ever

is less

1500

33

Tables C - 2 Material and Labour Schedules of Components

( To be used as reference documents in preparing cost estimates during feasibility stage)

34

ANNEX - 1 Sample BOQ Formats

(To be used during Final Design Stage)

35

36

37

38

Annex 1.1 SAMPLE FORMAT FOR BILL OF QUANTITIES - VILLAGE SCHEMESTechnology : ……………………………..( See Note 1 )

Bill No:- Component:- ………………….( See Note 2)

]

39

Tables C - 3 Basic Rates and Norms

(To be used as a basis for costing at Final Design Stage)