guideline for hirarc

8/4/2019 Guideline for Hirarc

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Department o Occupational Saety and Health

Guidelines for Hazard Identication, Risk Assessment and Risk Control

Department o Occupational Saety and HealthMinistry o Human Resources

Malaysia

2008JKKP DP 127/789/4-47ISBN 978-983-2014-62-1

for HazardIdentification,

Risk Assessment

and Risk Control

( H I R A R C )

Guidelines


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Guidelines or Hazard Identifcation,

Risk Assessment and Risk Control(HIRARC)

Department o Occupational Saety and HealthMinistry o Human Resources

Malaysia

2008

JKKP DP 127/789/4-47ISBN 978-983-2014-62-1


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Preface

In recent years, Hazard Identication, Risk Assessment and Risk Control(HIRARC) has become undamental to the practice o planning, managementand the operation o a business as a basic o risk management. Te organizations

that have carried out risk assessment at the work place have noted numerous changesin their working practice. Tose who have already carried out risk assessment intheir work, have reported positive changes in their working practice, they recognizesubstandard act and working condition as they develop and take necessary correctiveaction. Legislation requires that this process should be systematic and be recorded

so that the results are reliable and the analysis complete. Te risk assessment processshould be continuous and should not be regarded as a one-o exercise.

In line with the Department approach o PREVENIVE MEASURES as a way oenorcing the law on Occupational Saety and Health (OSH), it seems that HIRARChas became extremely important. With HIRARC, one will be able to identiy hazard,analyze and assess its associated risk and then apply the suitable control measures

Tis Guideline is supposed to provide guidance on methodology o conducting

HIRARC, it should be simple enough to be used by small and medium industriesand should be versatile enough to be used by all in various economic sectors, eitherin the manuacturing sector, construction sectors or any other economic sectors.

Te methodology o HIRARC as proposed in this Guidelines is intended or theassessment o physical hazards. Tose who intend to assess health hazards in theirworkplaces, should make use o other risk assessment guidelines designed specicallyor such purposes.

Te Department would like to thank all the sta rom Major Hazard Division or

their eort and contribution in the preparation o this guideline.

Director GeneralDepartment o Occupational Saety and Health,Malaysia

2008

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Table ofContents

PREFACE

1. Purpose 5

2. erm and Defnitions

3. Basic Concepts

3.1 What is risk?

4. Planning And Conducting O HIRARC 6

4.1 Purpose o HIRARC

4.2 Planning o HIRARC Activities

4.3 Process o HIRARC

4.3.1 Classiy Work Activities 7

4.3.2 Hazard Identications

4.3.2.1 Health Hazards

4.3.2.2 Saety Hazards 8

4.3.2.3 Environmental Hazards

4.3.2.4 Hazard Identication echnique

4.3.2.5 Te hazard identication and

assessment methodology 9

4.3.3 Analyze and Estimate Risk

4.3.3.1 Probability o an Occurrence 10

4.3.3.2 Severity o Consequence 11

4.3.3.3 Risk assessment 12

5. Control

5.1 Selecting a Suitable Control13

5.2 ypes o Control

5.2.1 At the source o the hazard

5.2.2 Engineering control 14

5.2.3 Administrative controls

5.2.4 Personal Protective Equipment 15

5.3 Monitoring Controls

5.4 Sae work Procedures5.5 Personal Protective Equipment 16

Page Numbers

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6. Documenting HIRARC

6.1 Responsibility and Accountability 166.2 Documenting Process 17

7. Consultation 18

8. raining

APPENDIX A 19

Examples o Workplace Hazards

APPENDIX B 22

Checklist or Workplace Hazard ExamplesAPPENDIX C

HIRARC Form 23

APPENDIX D

Worked examples: Scenario 1

Worked examples: Scenario 2 25

APPENDIX E

Example o Hazard Identifcation echnique 26Example o Job Hazard Analysis 31

Table ofContents

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1.0 Purpose

Te purpose o this guideline is to provide a systematic and objective approach to assessinghazards and their associated risks that will provide an objective measure o an identiedhazard as well as provide a method to control the risk. It is one o the general duties asprescribed under the Occupational Saety and Health Act 1994 (Act 514) or the employerto provide a sae workplaces to their employees and other related person.

2.0 erm And Defnitions

Hazard means a source or a situation with a potential or harm in terms o human injuryor ill health, damage to property, damage to the environment or a combination o these.

Hazard control means the process o implementing measures to reduce the risk associated

with a hazard.

Hierarchy o control means the established priority order or the types o measures to beused to control risks.

Hazard identifcation means the identication o undesired events that lead to thematerialisation o the hazard and the mechanism by which those undesired events couldoccur.

Riskmeans a combination o the likelihood o an occurrence o a hazardous event with

specied period or in specied circumstances and the severity o injury or damage tothe health o people, property, environment or any combination o these caused by theevent.

Risk assessment means the process o evaluating the risks to saety and health arisingrom hazards at work.

Risk management means the total procedure associated with identiying a hazard,assessing the risk, putting in place control measures, and reviewing the outcomes.

3.0 Basic Concepts

3.1 What is risk?

Risk is something that we as individuals live with on a day-to-day basis. People are constantlymaking decisions based on risk. Simple decision in daily lie such as driving, crossing theroad and money investment all imply an acceptance risk. Risk is the combination o thelikelihood and severity o a specied hazardous event occurring. In mathematical term,risk can be calculated by the equation -

Risk = Likelihood x Severity

Where,

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Likelihood is an event likely to occur within the specic period or in specied circumstancesand,

Severityis outcome rom an event such as severity o injury or health o people, or damageto property, or insult to environment, or any combination o those caused by the event.

4.0 Planning And Conducting O HIRARC

4.1 Purpose o HIRARC

Te purpose o HIRARC are as ollows:-a. to identiy all the actors that may cause harm to employees and others (the

hazards);

b. to consider what the chances are o that harm actually be alling anyone in thecircumstances o a particular case and the possible severity that could come romit (the risks); and

c. to enable employers to plan, introduce and monitor preventive measures to ensurethat the risks are adequately controlled at all times.

4.2 Planning o HIRARC Activities

HIRARC activities shall be plan and conducted

a. or situation i. where hazard appear to pose signicant threat;ii. uncertain whether existing controls are adequate; or/andiii. beore implementing corrective or preventive measures.

b. by organization intending to continuously improve OSH Management System.

It should be the duty o the employer to assign a trained personnel to lead a team oemployees associated with one particular process or activity to conduct HIRARC.

4.3 Process o HIRARC

Process o HIRARC requires 4 simple steps -

a. classiy work activities;

b. identiy hazard;

c. conduct risk assessment (analyze and estimate risk rom each hazard), bycalculating or estimating -

i. likelihood o occurrence, and

ii. severity o hazard;

d. decide i risk is tolerable and apply control measures (i necessary).

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4.3.1 Classiy work activities

Classiy work activities in accordance with their similarity, such as -

i. geographical or physical areas within/outside premises;ii. stages in production/service process;

iii. not too big e.g. building a car;iv. not too small e.g. xing a nut; orv. dened task e.g. loading, packing, mixing, xing the door.

4.3.2 Hazard identifcation

Te purpose o hazard identication is to highlight the critical operations o tasks, that

is, those tasks posing signicant risks to the health and saety o employees as well ashighlighting those hazards pertaining to certain equipment due to energy sources, workingconditions or activities perormed. Hazards can be divided into three main groups, healthhazards, saety hazards, and environmental hazards.

4.3.2.1 Health hazards

An occupational health hazard is any agent that can cause illness to an individual. Ahealth hazard may produce serious and immediate (acute) aects, or may cause long-term(chronic) problems. All or part o the body may be aected. Someone with an occupational

illness may not recognize the symptoms immediately. For example, noise-induced hearingloss is oen dicult or the aected individual to detect until it is well advanced. Health

Flowchart o HIRARC Process

Classiy work activities

Consultation

Identiy Hazards

Risk Assessment

Implement

Prepare Risk Control Action Plan(I Necessary)

Employer Representative Worker Representative

R

eview

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hazards include chemicals (such as battery acid and solvents), biological hazards (such asbacteria, viruses, dusts and molds), physical agents (energy sources strong enough to harmthe body, such as electric currents, heat, light, vibration, noise and radiation) and workdesign (ergonomic) hazards.

4.3.2.2 Saety hazards

A saety hazard is any orce strong enough to cause injury, or damage to property. Aninjury caused by a saety hazard is usually obvious. For example, a worker may be badlycut. Saety hazards cause harm when workplace controls are not adequate.

Some examples o saety hazards include, but are not limited to -

i. slipping/tripping hazards (such as wires run across oors);ii. re hazards (rom ammable materials);

iii. moving parts o machinery, tools and equipment (such as pinch and nip points);iv. work at height (such as work done on scaolds);v. ejection o material (such as rom molding);

vi. pressure systems (such as steam boilers and pipes);vii. vehicles (such as orklis and trucks);

viii. liing and other manual handling operations; andix. working alone.

4.3.2.3 Environmental hazards

An environmental hazard is a release to the environment that may cause harm ordeleterious eects. An environmental release may not be obvious. For example, a workerwho drains a glycol system and releases the liquid to a storm sewer may not be aware, othe eect on the environment. Environmental hazards cause harm when controls andwork procedures are not ollowed.4.3.2.4 Hazard identifcation technique

Te employer shall develop a hazard identication and assessment methodology takinginto account the ollowing documents and inormation -

i. any hazardous occurrence investigation reports;ii. rst aid records and minor injury records;

iii. work place health protection programs;iv. any results o work place inspections;v. any employee complaints and comments;

vi. any government or employer reports, studies and tests concerning the health andsaety o employees;

vii. any reports made under the regulation o Occupational Saety and HealthAct,1994

viii. the record o hazardous substances; andix. any other relevant inormation.

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4.3.2.5 Te hazard identifcation and assessment methodology

Te hazard identication and assessment methodology shall include -a. Steps and time rame or identiying and assessing the hazards.

One must dene the steps or the identication o hazards and a time rame orthis identication. Te ollowing inormation should be included -

i. who will be responsible or the identication: or example, it may be the workplace health and saety committee, or an individual or individuals appointedby the committee;

ii. the way in which the identication reports are processed: or example,they may be compiled and processed by the commit tee, or by individualsappointed by the committee; and

iii. the identication time rame: or example, the identication o hazards orworkshop A must be completed in December, or workshop B in April andor workshop C in November.

b. Te keeping o a record o the hazards.

Aer having identied the hazards, one must establish and maintain anidentication record, either in print or electronic ormat.

c. A time rame or reviewing and, i necessary, revising the methodology.

Te date or the review o the identication: or example, the review o the identicationmethod will be carried out every three years.

o complete hazard identication, one can use techniques to identiy hazards. Someexamples o techniques include, but are not limited to -

i. work place inspections;ii. task saety analysis or job hazard analysis;

iii. preliminary investigations;iv. potential accident actors;

v. ailure analysis;vi. accident and incident investigations.

It is in your interest to adopt your own process and your own identication techniquesso that they match oner management procedures and the size o business. In act, theidentication method may vary depending on the size o the work place.

4.3.3 Analyze and estimate risk

Risk is the determination o likelihood and severity o the credible accident/eventsequences in order to determine magnitude and to priorities identied hazards. It can bedone by qualitative, quantitative or semi quantitative method.

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A qualitative analysis uses words to describe the magnitude o potential severity and thelikelihood that those severity will occur. Tese scales can be adapted or adjusted to suit thecircumstances and dierent descriptions may be used or dierent risks. Tis method usesexpert knowledge and experience to determine likelihood and severity category.

In semi-quantitative analysis, qualitative scales such as those described above are givenvalues. Te objective is to produce a more expanded ranking scale than is usually achievedin qualitative analysis, not to suggest realistic values or risk such as is attempted inquantitative analysis.

Quantitative analysis uses numerical values (rather than the descriptive scales used inqualitative and semi-quantitative analysis) or both severity and likelihood using datarom a variety o sources such as past accident experience and rom scientic research.

Severity may be determined by modeling the outcomes o an event or set o events, or byextrapolation rom experimental studies or past data. Severity may be expressed in termso monetary, technical or human impact criteria, or any o the other criteria. Te way inwhich severity and likelihood are expressed and the ways in which they are combined toprovide a level o risk will vary according to the type o risk and the purpose or which therisk assessment output is to be used.

In this guidelines qualitative and semi quantitative method uses as an example.4.3.3.1 Likelihood o an occurrence

Tis value is based on the likelihood o an event occurring. You may ask the questionHow many times has this event happened in the past? Assessing likelihood is basedworker experience, analysis or measurement. Likelihood levels range rom most likelyto inconceivable. For example, a small spill o bleach rom a container when lling aspray bottle is most likely to occur during every shi. Alternatively, a leak o diesel uelrom a secure holding tank may be less probable.

able A indicates likelihood using the ollowing values -

LIKELIHOOD (L) EXAMPLE RAING

Most likely Te most likely result o the hazard / event being realized 5

Possible Has a good chance o occurring and is not unusual 4

Conceivable Might be occur at sometime in uture 3

Remote Has not been known to occur aer many years 2

Inconceivable Is practically impossible and has never occurred 1

able A

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4.3.3.2 Severity o hazard

Severity can be divided into ve categories. Severity are based upon an increasing levelo severity to an individuals health, the environment, or to property. able B indicates

severity by using the ollowing table:

SEVERIY (S) EXAMPLE RAING

Catastrophic Numerous atalities, irrecoverable property damage 5and productivity

Fatal Approximately one single atality major property damage 4i hazard is realized

Serious Non-atal injury, permanent disability 3

Minor Disabling but not permanent injury 2

Negligible Minor abrasions, bruises, cuts, rst aid type injury 1

4.3.3.3 Risk assessment

Risk can be presented in variety o ways to communicate the results o analysis to makedecision on risk control. For risk analysis that uses likelihood and severity in qualitativemethod, presenting result in a risk matrix is a very eective way o communicating thedistribution o the risk throughout a plant and area in a workplace.

Risk can be calculated using the ollowing ormula:L x S = Relative Risk

L = Likelihood

S = Severity

able B

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An example o risk matrix (able C) is shown below:

able C

High

Medium

Low

o use this matrix, rst nd the severity column that best describes the outcome o risk.Ten ollow the likelihood row to nd the description that best suits the likelihood that theseverity will occur. Te risk level is given in the box where the row and column meet.

Te relative risk value can be used to prioritize necessary actions to eectively managework place hazards. able D determines priority based on the ollowing ranges:

RISK DESCRIPION ACION

15 - 25 HIGH

5 - 12 MEDIUM

1 - 4 LOW

A HIGH risk requires immediate action to control thehazard as detailed in the hierarchy o control. Actionstaken must be documented on the risk assessmentorm including date or completion.

A MEDIUM risk requires a planned approach tocontrolling the hazard and applies temporary measurei required. Actions taken must be documented on therisk assessment orm including date or completion.

A risk identied as LOW may be considered asacceptable and urther reduction may not be necessary.However, i the risk can be resolved quickly andeciently, control measures should be implementedand recorded.

able D

Severity (S)

Likelihood (L) 1 2 3 4 5

5 5 10 15 20 25

4 4 8 12 16 20

3 3 6 9 12 15

2 2 4 6 8 10

1 1 2 3 4 5

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Hazards assessed, as High Risk must have immediate actions, to resolve risk to lie saetyand or the environment. Individuals responsible or required action, including ollow upmust be clearly identied. A urther detail risk assessment method may require such asquantitative risk assessment as means o determine suitable controls measures.

5.0 ControlDefnition: Control is the elimination or inactivation o a hazard in a manner such thatthe hazard does not pose a risk to workers who have to enter into an area or work onequipment in the course o scheduled work.Hazards should be controlled at their source (where the problem is created). Te closera control to the source o the hazard is the better. Tis method is oen reerred to asapplying engineering controls. I this does not work, hazards can oen be controlled

along the path to the worker, between the source and the worker. Tis method can bereerred to as applying administrative controls. I this is not possible, hazards must becontrolled at the level o the worker through the use o personal protective equipment(PPE), although this is the least desirable control.

5.1 Selecting a suitable controlSelecting a control oen involves

a. evaluating and selecting short and long term controls;

b. implementing short-term measures to protect workers until permanent controlscan be put in place; and

c. implementing long term controls when reasonably practicable.

For example, suppose a noise hazard is identied. Short-term controls might requireworkers to use hearing protection. Long term, permanent controls might remove orisolate the noise source.

5.2 ypes o Control5.2.1 At the source o the hazard

a. Elimination - Getting rid o a hazardous job, tool, process, machine or substanceis perhaps the best way o protecting workers. For example, a salvage rm mightdecide to stop buying and cutting up scrapped bulk uel tanks due to explosionhazards.

b. Substitution - Sometimes doing the same work in a less hazardous way is possible.For example, a hazardous chemical can be replaced with a less hazardous one.Controls must protect workers rom any new hazards that are created.

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5.2.2 Engineering control

a. Redesign - Jobs and processes can be reworked to make them saer. For example,containers can be made easier to hold and li.

b. Isolation - I a hazard cannot be eliminated or replaced, it can some times beisolated, contained or otherwise kept away rom workers. For example, an insulatedand air-conditioned control room can protect operators rom a toxic chemical.

c. Automation - Dangerous processes can be automated or mechanized. Forexample, computer-controlled robots can handle spot welding operations in carplants. Care must be taken to protect workers rom robotic hazards.

d. Barriers - A hazard can be blocked beore it reaches workers. For example, specialcurtains can prevent eye injuries rom welding arc radiation. Proper equipment

guarding will protect workers rom con tacting moving parts.e. Absorption - Bafes can block or absorb noise. Lockout systems can isolate energy

sources during repair and maintenance. Usually, the urther a control keeps ahazard away rom workers, the more eective it is.

. Dilution - Some hazards can be diluted or dissipated. For example, ventilationsystems can dilute toxic gasses beore they reach operators.

5.2.3 Administrative controls

a. Sae work procedures - Workers can be required to use standardized saetypractices. Te employer is expected to ensure that workers ollow these practices.Work procedures must be periodically reviewed with workers and updated.

b. Supervision and training Initial training on sae work procedures and rereshertraining should be oered. Appropriate supervision to assist workers in identiyingpossible hazards and evaluating work procedures.

c. Job rotations and other procedures can reduce the time that workers are exposedto a hazard. For example, workers can be rotated through jobs requiring repetitive

tendon and muscle movements to prevent cumulative trauma injuries. Noisyprocesses can be scheduled when no one is in the workplace.

d. Housekeeping, repair and maintenance programs - Housekeeping includescleaning, waste disposal and spill cleanup. ools, equipment and machinery areless likely to cause injury i they are kept clean and well maintained.

e. Hygiene - Hygiene practices can reduce the risk o toxic materials being absorbedby workers or carried home to their amilies. Street clothing should be kept inseparate lockers to avoid being contaminated by work clothing. Eating areas must

be segregated rom toxic hazards. Eating should be orbidden in toxic work areas.Where applicable, workers should be required to shower and change clothes at theend o the shi.

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5.2.4 Personal protective equipmentPersonal protective equipment (PPE) and clothing is used when other controls measuresare not easible and where additional protection is needed. Workers must be trained touse and maintain equipment properly. Te employer and workers must understand thelimitations o the personal protective equipment. Te employer is expected to requireworkers to use their equipment whenever it is needed. Care must be taken to ensurethat equipment is working properly. Otherwise, PPE may endanger a workers health byproviding an illusion o protection.

5.3 Monitoring controlsTe eectiveness o controls must be checked regularly. Evaluate and monitor hazardcontrols during inspections, routine maintenance, and other activities. Ask the ollowing

questions

a. have the controls solved the problem?b. is any risk to workers posed by the controls contained?

c. are all new hazards being identied?

d. are signicant, new hazards appropriately controlled?

e. are accident reports being analyzed?

. are any other measures required?

Document control activities to track their eectiveness, i necessary re-evaluate hazardsand implement new control measures.

5.4 Sae work proceduresTrough the completion o a Job Hazard Analysis, sometimes hazards are identied andcannot be eliminated or engineered out o a particular task. Sae Work Procedures arestep by step instructions that allow workers to conduct their work saety when hazards are

present. A Sae Work Procedure identies the materials and equipment needed, and howand when to use them saety.

Sae Work Procedures are generally prepared or -

a. critical high risk jobs where accidents have or could result in severe injuries;b. hazardous work where accidents occur requently;c. new or altered tasks have been introduced;d. new equipment has been added to a process;e. a job that requires many detailed tasks;

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. where two or more workers required or a job, and each must perorm specictasks simultaneously; and

g. specic tasks are done inrequently.

Sae Work Procedures must include:a. regulatory requirements;

b. necessary personal protective equipment;

c. required training;

d. worker responsibilities;

e. specic sequence o steps to ollow to complete the work saely;

. required permits; and

g. emergency procedures.An example o a task that requires the development o a sae work procedure is connedspace entry. Individuals who must work within conned spaces must ensure that saework procedures are developed and ollowed to maximize lie saety.

5.5 Personal protective equipment (PPE)

Personal protective equipment means any equipment which is intended to be worn or

held by a person at work and which protects him against one or more risks to his health orsaety and any additional accessory designed to meet that objective;

PPE is usually chosen to provide protection appropriate to each o type o hazard present.Tere are specications or the types o PPE used or protecting an individuals head,eyes, ootwear, limb and body, re retardant clothing, respiratory, hearing, and personalotation devices.It may also include required apparel or example when trac hazards are present high

visible and distinguishable vests must be worn

6.0 Documenting HIRARC

6.1 Responsibility and accountabilityProper management o hazards sporadically identied in the workplace can be donethrough eective process. Ultimately, the individual or team who identied the hazardmust ensure proper communication o the hazard to the appropriate workplace authority

(manager, department head, or designated person). Each HIRARC must be ullydocumented. Te HIRARC orm must be completed by the HIRARC team and signed

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by the in charge personnel o the area. Departments responsible or the hazards and theircontrol are required to maintain all records o assessments or at least 3 years. (In somecases, legislative requirements will determine the minimum time to retain records).

Te appropriate authority is responsible or ensuring that eective and timely controls areapplied to the hazard and communicating the results back to the originator. Managementor employer must endorse and approve the HIRARC results. Employer must communicateall HIRARC to employees, monitor the ollow up action and keep the records. Te HIRARCForm (see APPENDIX C) is an example to document the HIRARC process.

6.2 Documenting process

Instructions to team leader and persons conducting HIRARC -

a. complete HIRARC Form. It is recommended to use a single orm or each workprocess;

b. record the names and designation o HIRAC team members;

c. outline the process workow and indicate in the orm under process/ locationcolumn;

e. list all activities ( routine and non-routine) or each work process under the WorkActivity column;

. identiy the hazards associated with each activity and record in Hazard column;

g. determine the eect o each hazard identied and record in Eect column;

h. record any existing hazard control measures;

i. determine likelihood (L) rom able A and severity (S) rom able B or eachhazard. Assign P and C rating in respectively column. Te existing controlmeasures should be take into consideration while determine (L) and (S);

j. by using Risk Matrix ( able C and D ) assign one risk and record in Riskcolumn;

k. based on the risk assigned, recommend appropriate risk control measures ( see

able D);

l. assign a suitable person to implement the recommended risk control and indicatethe ollow up action date and status;

m. repeat the HIRARC or other activities and process;

n. conduct another round o HIRARC aer control measures have been implemented;and

o. review HIRARC or every three years or whenever there are changes in process oractivities.

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7.0 Consultation

I practicable, there must be consultation with the relevant health and saetyrepresentative(s) when identiying, assessing and controlling risks. Consulting directlywith employees and drawing on their experience and knowledge is more eective inreducing risk.

8.0 raining

Inormation, instruction and training provide employees with the skills and knowledge toperorm their work in a manner that is sae and without risks to health. It enables themto -

a. ollow health and saety procedures;

b. use risk controls set in place or their protection; andc. have an appreciation o the nature o the hazard; the risks associated with their

use; and the reason why risk controls are used.

Managers, Supervisors Health and Saety Representatives and others who may be requiredto perorm risk assessments by agreement with management shall be trained in hazardidentication risk assessment and control methods. Tey must be trained in the riskassessment process and be amiliar with -

i. the regulations associated with the hazard;ii. have a practical understanding o the work hazards; and

iii. consult with the Health and Saety Representative.

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APPENDIX A

Examples o Workplace Hazards

Te Hazard Identication listed is to assist in the identication o hazards in the work place.

Tis table provides some additional explanation o the meaning o the hazard classications.

WORK ENVIRONMENT

Adequate Access Reers to adequate access to, rom and within theworkplace

Air Conditioning Reers to uncontaminated air in the work spaceConned Spaces Means enclosed work space where people do not normally

work (dened in standards)emperature Extremes:

a) Heat Tis includes contact with hot objects, hyperthermia, re(Not explosions)

b) Cold Tis includes contact with cold objects and hypothermiaLighting Reers to adequate illumination or the particular work

being doneMental Stress Includes bullying, workplace violence, shi work, excessive

work loadsDehydration Adequate water supply or the individuals while working

ENERGYElectrical Includes contact with exposed wires and contact with high

voltageGravity Includes alls, trips and slips o persons as well as objects

alling, working at heightsKinetic Energy:a) Te body hitting objects Hitting objects with part o the bodyb) Hit by moving objects Being hit by moving objects but excluding alling objectsc) Explosion An explosion may also include heat as a hazardd) Penetrating objects Tis includes all objects that can penetrate including

needlesVibration Includes vibration to parts or to the whole bodyAcoustic/Noise Includes exposure to single, sudden sound or long term

exposurePressure Pressure in hydraulic and pneumatic systems

MECHANICALVehicles Being caught between, struck by or against vehicles

(includes ork lis)

Mobile and Fixed Plant Being caught between, struck by or against plant (denedin legislation)

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Powered Equipment Includes electrical or uel powered equipment, tools andappliances

Non-Powered Equipment Includes non-powered hand tools, appliances andequipment

MANUAL HANDLINGMuscular Stressa) Liing, carrying Reers to muscular stress while liing, carrying, or putting

down objectsb) Other handling Reers to muscular stress while handling objects other than

abovec) Without handling Reers to muscular stress with no objects being handledd) Repetitive movement Reers to repetitive movement and low muscular loading

Ergonomics Includes atigue, stress or errors due to workplace designANIMAL / INSECTBites/ Stings Includes bites and stings rom animals and/or insects

BIOLOGICALBiological /Microbiological Includes bacterial, ungal, viral, parasitic or human/animal

tissue/fuids blood products

CHEMICAL Reers to single or long term contact with chemicals

Flammable Reers to chemicals which burnCorrosive Reers to chemicals which will corrode tissue or metalsoxic Reers to chemicals which will poison a workerOxidizers Reers to chemicals which will provide oxygen to a re, or

react readilyCompressed Gases Reers to gases which under high pressureIONIZING RADIATION

Reers to radioactive substances and radiation producingequipment like X-raysOTHER RADIATION

Laser Reers to coherent low divergent electromagnetic radiation. the Helium-Neonlasers used in the undergraduate Physics labs, or the laserpointers

Ultraviolet Reers to electromagnetic radiation rom 180 nm to 400 nmInrared Reers to electromagnetic radiation rom 700 nm to 1 mmRadiorequency Reers to electromagnetic radiation rom 100 kHz to 300

MHz

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Microwave Reers to electromagnetic radiation rom 0.3GHz to 300GHz

Electromagnetic Field Includes static magnetic elds and low requencies rom 0 to100kHz. Te NMR magnets used in research laboratories.ELF magnetic elds induce electric elds in the body whichresult in current fows and heating in biological tissue.

ENVIRONMENTALRelease Atmosphere, sanitary sewer, storm sewerContamination Ground water, resh water, soilMAJOR EVENT/ACTIVITY

OTHER EVENT/ACTIVITY Includes events such as sporting or public events on or ocampus

NATURAL EVENT/ ACTIVITYRain/Storm/Lightning/ Preparation is the key to being able to address these issuesFloodingOTHER EVENT/ACTIVITY

Working Alone Loss o personal security, unable to communicate withemergency services

PROPERTY EVENT/ACTIVITYStructure Collapse Loss o buildingStructure Damage Wall crumblingSystem Component Loss o monitoring system or suppression systemWater Damage Plumbing leak,Utility Disruption Loss o essential services - gas, electricity, water

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APPENDIX B

Checklist or Workplace Hazard Examples

EXAMPLES OF POENIALLY DAMAGING HAZARDS

WORK ENVIRONMEN

Adequate Access

Air Conditioning

Conned Spaces

emperature Extremes

(including skin contact)

Heat (inc. re, ames)

Cold

LightingMental Stress

Dehydration

Falls, trips, slips etc.

Falling objects

Working at Heights

Kinetic Energy

Te body hitting objects

Hit by moving objects

ExplosionPenetrating objects

Vibration

Pressure pneumatic,

hydraulic

Acoustic/Noise

ENERGY

Electrical

Gravity

MECHANICAL

Vehicles

Mobile and Fixed Plant

Powered Equipment

Non-Powered Equipment

MANUAL HANDLING

Muscular Stress

Liing, carrying

Other handling

Without handling

Repetitive movement

Ergonomics

CHEMICAL

Flammable

oxic

Corrosive

Oxidizer

Compressed Gases

BIOLOGICAL

MicrobiologicalAnimal tissue/uids

Human tissue

Human Blood and uids

Pathogenic

Zoonotic

ENVIRONMENAL

Air Release

Sewer ReleaseRelease to Property

PROPERY

Structural Collapse

Structural Damage

Utility Failure

Utility Disruption

Water Damage

IONIZING RADIAION

Radioactive Materials

OHER YPES OF

RADIAION

Laser

Ultraviolet

Inrared

RadiorequencyMicrowave

Electromagnetic Field

MAJOR EVEN

Student activities unction

Public event

Violence

Hold up

Intoxicated students

Firearms / Weapons

Food Poisoning

NAURAL

Lightning

Rain

Storm

FloodingSun

Wind

ANIMAL / INSEC

Bites/ Stings

Research Animals

OHER

Working AloneRemote location

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DepartmentofOccupati

onalSafetyandHealth

HIRARC Form

HIRARC FORM

Company:

Process / Location:

Approved by:

(Name, designation)

Date:

Conducted by:

(Name, designation)

Date: (rom... to ...)

Review Date: Ne

1. Hazard Identi i c ati on 2. R isk Ana lysis

No.

1

2

3

4

5

WorkAktivity Hazard Which can cause/eect

Existing RiskControl(i any)

Likelihood Severity Risk

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DepartmentofOccu

pationalSafetyandHealth

HIRARC FORM

Company:

Process / Location:

Approved by:

(Name, designation)

Date:

Conducted by:

(Name, designation)


Review Date:

2F Furniture Entp

Wood cutting/Panel Sect.

Mr. K

(Manager)

25 Julai 2007

Mr. S (Supervisor)

24 Jun 2007 to 28

1.

Worked example

Scenario 1: Wood panel cutting process

A team o two workers operates a cross-cut saw machine. Teir work includes loading wood panelwood and unloading the cut wood. Tey also need to repair and maintain the machine regularly a

o the machine. (Caution: Tis example may not be applicable to similar work in your workplace)

1. Hazard Identi i c ation 2. R isk Analysis

No.

1

2

3

4

Loading themachine with wood

Operating the

machine

Unloading cut wood

Repair andmaintenance o the

machine

Cuttingblades

Unguarded

machine

Flyingragments

Heavy load

Unguardemachine;

unsae workpractise

Sae work practice

Sae work practice, daily

pre-use check and regularmaintenance

Warning signs; raining,Saety goggles

Manual liing procedure

Cover on button Sae workpractice

4

4

4

3

4

4(Low)

12

(Medium)

12(Medium)

3(Low)

16(High)

Cuts / rst aid type injury

Hand get caught into rotating parts /

amputation

Serious cuts & eye injuries by yingragments o blades that break during cutting

Muscular strain / back pain

Serious cuts rom blade & getting coughtin rotating parts i machine is

accidentally started

WorkAktivity Hazard Which can cause/eect


Likelihood Severity Risk

1

3

3

1

4

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DepartmentofOccupati

onalSafetyandHealth

HIRARC FORM

Company:

Process / Location:

Approved by:

(Name, designation)

Date:

Conducted by:

(Name, designation)


Review Date:

3D Construction Eng. Entp.

Plastering Work/Exterior Wall.

Mr. J

(Site Manager)

25 Julai 2007

Mr. B (Supervisor

24 Jun 2007 to 30

1.

1. Hazard Identi ic ati on 2. Risk Analysis

No.

1

2

3

4

Erect workingplatorm

Loading concreteonto platorm

Plastering

Clearing unused material

Unguardedoor

Unevenoor

Heavy load

Deectiveplatorm

Hot weather

Sharp object

Saety helmet,housekeeping

Housekeeping,saety shoes

Manual liing procedure

Saety belt

Nil

Nil

4

4

3

4

3

3

5

3

1

5

1

1

20(High)

12(medium)

3 (low)

20(High)

3 (low)

3 (low)

1)

2)

Puslip

Us

1) 2)

Pr

Us

Head injury / atal

Fall o person / broken leg

Muscular strain / Back pain

Fall rom height / atal

Dehydrate

Finger cut

Work AktivityHazard Which can cause/eect


Likelihood Severity RiskR

Worked example

Scenario 2: Wall exterior plastering work

A group o three workers was instructed to do plastering work at exterior wall at rst oor o the erecting working platorm, wall plastering with concrete and do clearing work. (Caution: Tis exasimilar work in your workplace).

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APPENDIX E

Example o Hazard Identifcation echnique

A. Job Hazard AnalysisDefnition

Job Hazard Analysis (JHA) breaks a job or task into specic steps, analyzes each step orspecic hazards, develops sae work procedures to eliminate or reduce those hazards, andintegrates sae work procedures into saety and health programs. JHAs must be developedor each job or task. Supervisors and workers must complete the JHA together.Procedure

Basic Steps - Job Hazard Analysis is broken down into 6 major steps:

a. Select the job task to be analyzed.

Prioritize which job tasks to analyze. Tose job tasks where accidents and injuriesare occurring should be analyzed rst. Look at job tasks where there is a potential orserious injury. Look at new job tasks, these are important i a new process requires thedevelopment o new procedures and job tasks

b. Identiy the major sequence o steps or each step

(Specic job step Description).Once a job task has been chosen, it must be broken down into logical steps. Limit thenumber o steps in a JHA to a manageable number. Most jobs can be described in tenor less steps. Te job steps must be kept in their proper sequence to ensure a properanalysis. Te opportunity to make recommendations will come later in the analysis.

c. Identiy the potential hazards or each step (Hazard Identifcation)

Once the job steps have been chosen, the potential hazards or each step can be

identied. Whatever can go wrong may go wrong! What are the potential hazards as aresult o each task step? Is the worker exposed to hazardous chemicals? Is the workersubject to poor workstation design? Tere may only be one, or there may be a largenumber or each job step.

d. Determine preventative measures to protect against the hazards

(Required Precautions)

i. Te most important aspect o the job hazard analysis is to determine preventivemeasures to control or eliminate the identied hazards. What actions must be

taken to control or eliminate the hazard?

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ii. Eliminate the Hazard - Substitute with less hazardous substance/ material

iii. Contain/Enclose the Hazard - Use a ume hood or proper shielding

iv. Revise Sae Work Procedures - Adding additional steps

v. Reduce Worker Exposure - Tis is the least eective option in most cases, butmay have to be used when permanent work process change is impossible orimpracticable. Examples o this option include job rotation, where worker exposureis reduced, and the provision o personal protective equipment (PPE) to workers.

e. Develop a worker-training program

Reormat the job hazard analysis into a training program to help the employee

eliminate or reduce hazards.

. Re-evaluation

Re-evaluate the job descriptions and modiy the job hazard analysis accordingly

B. Example - Job Hazard Analysisa. Selecting Jobs or Analysis

A job hazard analysis can be perormed or all jobs in the workplace, whether thejob task is special (non-routine) or routine. Even one-step jobssuch as those inwhich only a button is pressedcan and perhaps should be analyzed by evaluatingsurrounding work conditions. o determine which jobs should be analyzed rst,review your job injury and illness reports. Obviously, a job hazard analysis shouldbe conducted rst or jobs with the highest rates o disabling injuries and illnesses.Also, jobs where close calls or near misses have occurred should be given priority.Analyses o new jobs and jobs where changes have been made in processes and

procedures should ollow. Eventually, a job hazard analysis should be conducted andmade available to employees or all jobs in the workplace.b. Involve the Employee

Once you have selected a job or analysis, discuss the procedure with the employeeperorming the job and explain its purpose. Point out that you are studying the jobitsel, not checking on the employees job perormance. Involve the employee in allphases o the analysisrom reviewing the job steps and procedures to discussingpotential hazards and recommended solutions. You also should talk to other workers

who have perormed the same job.

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c. Conducting the Job Hazard Analysis

Beore actually beginning the job hazard analysis, take a look at the general conditionsunder which the job is perormed and develop a checklist. Below are some samplequestions you might ask -

i. Are there materials on the oor that could trip a worker?

ii. Is lighting adequate?

iii. Are there any live electrical hazards at the jobsite?

iv. Are there any chemical, physical, biological, or radiation hazards associ ated withthe job or likely to develop?

v. Are toolsincluding hand tools, machines, and equipment - in need o repair?

vi. Is there excessive noise in the work area, hindering worker communication orcausing hearing loss?

vii. Are job procedures known and are they ollowed or modied?

viii. Are emergency exits clearly marked?

ix. Are trucks or motorized vehicles properly equipped with brakes, overhead guards,backup signals, horns, steering gear, and identication, as necessary?

x. Are all employees operating vehicles and equipment properly trained andauthorized?

xi. Are employees wearing proper personal protective equipment or the jobs they areperorming?

xii. Have any employees complained o headaches, breathing problems, dizziness, orstrong odors?

xiii. Is ventilation adequate, especially in conned or enclosed spaces?

xiv. Have tests been made or oxygen deciency and toxic umes in conned spacesbeore entry?

xv. Are work stations and tools designed to prevent back and wrist injuries?

xvi. Are employees trained in the event o a re, explosion, or toxic gas release?

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Naturally this list is by no means complete as each worksite has its own requirements andenvironmental conditions. You should add your own questions to the list. Photographs,i appropriate, may be used in creating a more detailed analysis o the work environment.

d. Breaking the Job DownNearly every job can be broken down into job tasks or steps. In the rst part o thejob hazard analysis, list each step o the job in order o occurrence as you watch theemployee perorming the job. Be sure to record enough inormation to describe eachjob action, but do not make the breakdown too detailed. Later, go over the job stepswith the employee.

e. Identiying Hazards

Aer you have recorded the job steps, next examine each step to determine the hazardsthat exist or that might occur. Ask yoursel these kinds o questions:

i. Is the worker wearing personal protective clothing and equipment, including

saety harnesses that are appropriate or the job?

ii. Are work positions, machinery, pits or holes, and hazardous operations adequatelyguarded?

iii. Are lockout procedures used or machinery deactivation during mainte nance

procedures?

iv. Is the worker wearing clothing or jewelry that could get caught in the machineryor otherwise cause a hazard?

v. Are there xed objects that may cause injury, such as sharp machine edges?

vi. Is the ow o work improperly organized (e.g., Is the worker required to makemovements that are too rapid)?

vii. Can the worker get caught in or between machine parts?

viii. Can the worker be injured by reaching over moving machinery parts ormaterials?

ix. Is the worker at any time in an o-balance position?

x. Is the worker positioned to the machine in a way that is potentially dangerous?

xi. Is the worker required to make movements that could lead to or cause hand oroot injuries, or strain rom liing the hazards o repetitive motions?

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xii. Can the worker be struck by an object or lean against or strike a machine part orobject?

xiii. Can the worker all rom one level to another?

xiv. Can the worker be injured rom liing or pulling objects, or rom carrying heavyobjects?

xv. Do environmental hazardsdust, chemicals, radiation, welding rays, heat, orexcessive noiseresult rom the perormance o the job?

Repeat the job observation as oen as necessary until all hazards have been identied.

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SEP HAZARD REQUIREMENS1. Determine

what is in thetank, whatprocess isgoing on inthe tank, andwhat hazardsthis can pose.

2. Selectand trainoperators.

3. Set upequipment

4. Install ladderin tank.

5. Prepare toenter tank.

Improper oxygen levelChemical exposure -Gas, dust, vapor -irritant, toxicLiquid - irritant, toxic,corrosive, heatedSolid - irritant,corrosiveMoving blades/

equipment

Operator withrespiratory or heartproblem; other physical

limitation. Untrainedoperator - ailure toperorm task

Hoses, cord, equipment- tripping hazards.Electrical - voltagetoo high, exposedconductors.Motors not locked outand tagged.

Ladder slipping.

Gas or liquid in tank.

Establish conned space entry procedures (Code oPractice or conne space). Obtain work permit signed by safety, maintenance,

and supervisors. Test air by qualied person. Ventilate to 19.5% -23.5% oxygen and less than 10%

LEL o any ammable gas. Steaming inside o tank,ushing and draining, then ventilating, as previouslydescribed, may be required.

Provide appropriate respiratory equipment - SCBA orair line respirator.

Provide protective clothing for head, eyes, body, andeet.

Provide harness and lifeline. (Reference: ......). Tanks should be cleaned from outside, if possible.

Examination by industrial physician for suitability towork.

Train operators.

Dry run. (Reference: ......).

Arrange hoses, cords, lines, and equipment in orderlyashion, with room to manoeuvre saely.

Use ground-fault circuit interrupter. Lockout and tag mixing motor, if present.

Secure to manhole top or rigid structure.

Empty tank through existing piping. Review emergency procedures. Open tank. Check of jobsite by industrial hygienist or safety

proessional. Install blanks in anges in piping to tank (isolate tank). Test atmosphere in tank by qualied person (long

probe).

C. Worked example Job Hazard Analysis

Cleaning Inside Surace o Chemical ank - op Manhole Entry

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SEP HAZARD REQUIREMEN S

6. Placeequipment

at tank-entryposition.

7. Enter tank.

8. Cleaningtank.

9. Cleaning up.

rip or all.

Reaction to chemicals,causing mist orexpulsion o aircontaminant.

Handling o equipment,causing injury.

Use mechanical-handling equipment. Provide guardrails around work positions at tank top.

Provide personal protective equipment for conditionsound. (Reerence:......).

Provide outside helper to watch, instruct, and guideoperator entering tank, with capability to li operatorrom tank in emergency.

Provide protective clothing and equipment or alloperators and helpers. Provide lighting for tank (Class I, Div. 1). Provide exhaust ventilation.

Provide air supply to interior of tank. Frequent monitoring of air in tank. Replace operator or provide rest periods. Provide means of communication to get help, if needed. Provide tow-man standby for any emergency.

Dry run. Use material-handling equipment.

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Ministry o Human Resources

guideline for hirarc

Documents