ˆy¦þ#�# �#îöìlîû x!™†þy‚¢ ¤ôëûîûy�÷ìl!•þ†þ G ™ô#Åëû öl•þy !¥¤yöìîèþyîûöì•þîû ߺy™#l•þy ¤‚@ýÌyô þ›!îû‹þy¡ly†þöìîûlÐ !•þ!l¥z ¤•þÄy@ýÌöì¥îû ²Ìî_«y Gßiyëû#èþyöìî x!¥‚¤ xyöì¨y¡l²Ì!•þÛþy †þöìîû èþyîûöì•þ civil rights²Ì!•þÛþyîû öë ˜¢Ål ¤,!ÜT †þöìîûöìSél•þy þ›,!íî# ‡Äy•þÐ ˆy¦þ#�# !¥¨%c öíöì†þ ¢!_«¤Méþëû †þöìîû !löì�¥z îöì¡öìSél éŸé“My religion is Hinduismwhich, for me, is Religionof humanity .......... I ambeing led to my religionthough Truth and Non-vio-lence i.e. love in thebroadest sense...........”. Socio-Political ¤‚ßñyöìîûîû �lÄ•þíy x!¥‚¤ þ›öìí ߺy™#l•þy ¤‚@ýÌyôþ›!îû‹þy¡lyëû þ›,!íî#îû î,¥_ô !î!èþ§¬™ôÅyî¡Áº#öì˜îû !löìëû èþyîû•þîöì£ìÅ öl•,þc!˜öìëû!Séöì¡lÐ •þyîû þ›)öìîÅ ¡[þl G ˜!Çþ”xy!æÊþ†þy öíöì†þ !†þS%é x!èþKþ•þy ¤Méþëû†þöìîûlÐ ö�¡ G xl¢l �lˆöì”îû ߺyöìíŲÌöìëûyˆ †þöìîû !•þ!l ²Ìíô ˜!Çþ”xy!æÊþ†þyöì•þ¥z èþy¡ æþ¡ öþ›öìëûöìSélÐîûyôyëû”– ô¥yèþyîû•þ– îy¥zöìî¡– ö†þyîûyl–’þzþ›!l£ì˜– @ýÌsi=!¡ !•þ!l !¥!¨– •þy!ô¡–’þz˜%Å– =�îûy�þ# G ¥z‚öìîû�#öì•þ x™Äëûl

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ˆy¦þ#�# Contradictionîy ߺ!îöìîûy™# îÄ!_«c /éŸé ~†þ�l Saint îy Self Pro-claimed Sinner èþy¡îy¤yîû ²Ì‹þyîû†þ!¥¤yöìî x�ßË ßº#†þyöìîûy!_« !l� ßf# G¤hsýyl– ™l#éŸé˜!îûöìoîû ’þzþ›öìîû ¤!e«ëûèþyöìî²Ìöìëûyˆ †þöìîû!Séöì¡lÐ ˆy¦þ#�#îû 70 ‡[þ þ›%hßì†þ ëy¥y 50–000 þ›y•þyëû ö¡‡y– öî¢#îû èþyˆ¥z!‹þ!‘þéŸéþ›e ëy xô)¡Ä ¤Á›˜ G ˜!¡¡!¥¤yöìî þ›,!íî#îû ¥z!•þ¥yöì¤ xy�G!îöìî!‹þ•þ G ˆöìî£ì”yîû !î£ìëûÐ ˆy¦þ#�# !‡¡yæþ•þ xyöì¨y¡löì†þ¤ôíÅl †þîûyëû xöìlöì†þ¥z •þyöì†þ ö˜y£ì#¤yîhßì †þöìîûl †þyîû” þ›%öìîûy�þy¥z ö˜¢îÄyþ›#ô%¤!¡ô ¤‚ˆ‘þlÐ ˆy¦þ#�# ö‹þöìëû!Séöì¡l!‡¡yæþ•þ xyöì¨y¡l Œ1919éŸé1921Š¤ôíÅl †þöìîû !¥ %̈éŸéô%¤!¡ô †þySéy†þy!Sé ~öì¤ßºy™#l•þy ¤‚@ýÌyô !îÊ!�þ¢öì̃ îû ’þzþ›îû xy‰y•þ¥ylyîû ¤%öìëyˆ !¥¤yöìî @ýÌ¥” †þîû&†þÐ ˆy¦þ#�# �l�#îöìl Œ1913éŸé1948Š ˜%¥zîyîû ˜!Çþ” xy!æÊþ†þy¤¥ 20îyöìîûîû öî¢# xl¢l †þöìîûöìSélÐ •„þyîû†þíyëû xl¢l ¥öìFSé Self Purificationîy xydÖ!kþÐ ¤y™yîûöì”îû ߺyöìíÅ !•þ!l (1908-1942) 15 îyîû ö�öì¡ öˆöìSél •þ§Ãöì™Ä6 îyîû ˜!Çþ” xy!æÊþ†þyîû ö�öì¡Ð L. Fis-cher éŸé~îû †þíyëû éŸé “Imprisionmentwas a basic part of his doctrineof Non-Co-operation.” ™ôÅyhsý!îû•þ †þöìîû ë!˜G ˜!Çþ”xy!æÊþ†þyëû ˆy¦þ#�#îû ~†þ î¦%þ ‡,ÜTyl†þîûöì•þ ö‹þöìëû!Séöì¡l •þî%G !•þ!l !¥¨%¥zöíöì†þ!Séöì¡lÐ ë‡l !•þ!l 1888 ¤yöì¡¡[þöìl ~öì¡l •þ‡l¥z !•þ!l !¥ %̈c ¤Áºöì¦þ¤öì‹þ•þl †þöìîû!Séöì¡lÐ ²Ìíô ˆy¦þ#�#îû xyd�#îl# ö¡‡†þ1909 ¤yöì¡ Revd-Joseph J.Doke (1861-1913) ö�y¥ylîyéŸé öìˆÅîûîÄyþ›!�þÜT ߺ#†þyîû †þöìîûöìSél öë– ˆy¦þ#�#îû†þÄyí!¡†þ ¤Áºöì¦þ ~•þ ¤%¨îû ™yîû”y†þÒly•þ#•þÐ èþyîû•þ#ëû öl•þyîû ¥*˜ëû ô¥c–ߺFSé•þy– xyl%ˆ•þÄ !îö옢#öì˜îû xy†,þÜT†þöìîûÐ þ›![þ•þ G xyþ›y˜ôhßì†þ aristocrat�¥îû¡y¡ öl¥îû&G þ›îûî•þ#Åöì•þ ˆy¦þ#�#îû�#îlëyeyëû ²Ìèþy!î•þ ¥öìëû ¤y™yîû” �#îlëyþ›l †þöìîûlÐ èþyîûöì•þîû ²Ìíô ²Ì™ylôsf# öl¥îû&îöì¡!Séöì¡l éŸé “I have been at-tracted by Gandhiji’s stress onright means and I think one ofthe greatest contributions to ourpublic life has been this empha-sis ....” (Ref. The Discovery ofIndia) ¤öìlîû xyöìˆ æÊþyöìªîû þ›![þ•þ–¤y!¥öì•þÄ ölyöìî¡ þ›%îûßñyîû ²Ìy® (1915)öîûyôy öîû„y¡y ˆy¦þ# ¤Áºöì¦þ !¡öì‡öìSél éŸé“One thing is certain, eitherGandhi’s spirit sprint will tri-umph, or it will mainifest againas were manifested centuriesbefore, the Messiah and theBuddha.” þ›,!íî#îû !î‡Äy•þ þ›˜yíÅ! ˜y¢Å!l†þG ôylî•þyîy˜# xy¡îy�Åþ xy¥zlÜTy¥zl

(1879-1955) �yôyÅl#öì•þ �öì§Ãxyöìô!îû†þyîû lyˆ!îû†þc @ýÌ¥” †þöìîûGˆy¦þ#�#îû 1944 ¤öìl 75 •þô �§Ã!˜öìlëy îöì¡öìSél /éŸ “Generations to

come, it may be noted, willscarcely believe that such a oneas this ever in flesh and bloodwalked upon this earth.”é •„þyîûî_«îÄ 18¥z �%l 1950 ¤öìl ²Ì‹þy!îû•þ¥ëû ëy “Gandhi held the most en-lightened views of all politialmen in our time.” ˆy¦þ#�# xß›,¢Ä•þy x¤yÁ±˜y!ëû†þîûy�l#!•þ– ¥!îû�l xyöì¨y¡l †þîûöì•þ!ˆöìëûG öîyôy !îöìß³þyîû” öíöì†þöî„öì‹þ!Séöì¡l (1934) 14 îSéîû þ›îû þ›%”yîÊyáþöì”îû î%öì¡öì�þù=!¡öì•þ !¥¨%öì˜îû!îÙ»y¤ ‰y•þ†þ xy‡Äy !˜öìëû ˆy¦þ# ¥•þÄy

xy�öì†þîû !˜öìl (30.01.48) ¥öìëû!Sé¡Ðxq$•þ èþyöìî Pantagonists of Pak-istan ˆy¦þ#�#îû ˆyöìëû •þ†þôy !˜öìëû!Sé¡“The Enemy Number One ifIslam.” ëy ¤•þÄ¥z ˜%/‡�l†þ– xyöì¡y‹þÄ!î£ìöìëû x!™•þ xyöì¡y‹þly xö쥕%þ†þ†þöì¡îîû î,!kþ ¥öìîÐ ˆy¦þ#�#îû ¤yîÅ�l#l ¡î” ¤•þÄy@ýÌ¥Œ12¥z ôy‹Åþ– 1930Š– î,!�þ¢ îûyöì�îû ‰%ôö†þöì’þü!Sé¡– îy¥zöìî¡ þ›%hßì†þy!˜ !î•þîû”–ߺy™#l•þy ¤‚@ýÌyöìôîû ~¥z ö˜¢öì²Ì!ô†þ–ôylîéŸéôylî#öì˜îû !löìëû ¤yîûy èþyîûöì•þ¤yôy!�†þ öÇþe ²ÌÝ•þ G öô¡î¦þl ¤•þÄ¥zxè)þ•þþ›)îÅ– x�ßË ë%îöì†þîûy •„þyîû !löì˜Å¢þ›y¡l †þîûöì•þ !m™y †þöìîûl !l ö¤¥zîÄ!_«cöì†þ xy•þ•þyëû# ö†þöì’þü !löì¡lÐèþyîû•þ ¤îû†þyîû ô,•%þÄ !˜î¤!�þ �y•þ#ëû¤‚¥!•þ !˜î¤ !¥¤yöìî !‹þ!¥«•þ †þöìîûöìSélÐþ›!îûöì¢öì£ì î¡öìîy Golbal Citizen¥öì•þ ¥öì¡ †þÒly¢!_« G Kþyöìlîû ̂ èþ#îû•þy²Ìöìëûy�lÐ •þySéy’þüy !î²Õîyd†þ Œx!¥‚¤Š–˜y!ëûcöìîy™ lyˆ!îû†þ– ¤!e«ëû ™ô#Åëû�#îlëyey– ¤yîçÅ�l#l ¤ôy�öì¤îy ëy¤†þöì¡îû ô%!_« G !îÙ»¢y!hsý ‰�þöìî •þöìî¥zGlobal Citizen xy‡Äy ¡yèþ ¥öìîЈy¦þ#�#¥z ¤îçņþyöì¡îû ö×Ûþ !îÙ»�l#llyˆ!îû†þ !¥¤yöìî !‹þ!¥«•þ G ߺ#†,þ•þ ~î‚þ›)!�•þÐ òòˆy¦þ#�# !îÙ»�l#l lyˆ!îû†þ îyGandhiji as Global Citizen” ~îû¢#£ìņþ xyöì¡y‹þlyîû ¤yôylÄ•þô ö�þöìlSéyeéŸéSéye#öì˜îû èþ!î£ìÄ•þ ‹þ!îûeˆ‘þl G¤ôy�öì¤îyëû ’þzm%kþ ¥Gëûyîû ’þz̃ y_ xy¥´yl�y!löìëû xyöì¡y‹þlyîû ¤)eþ›y•þ ¤ôíÅöìl!†þS%é •þíÄ !î˜?þ�öìlîû !l†þ�þ öþ›¢†þîû¡yôÐ

ˆy¦þ#�#öì†þ ö†þl !îÙ» lyˆ!îû†þî¡y ¥öìî •þyîû ¤ôíÅöìl î¡y ëyëû/韟Ÿé� �y•þ#ëû ߺy™#l•þy xyöì¨y¡öìlx@ý̈lÄÐ� •þÄyˆ– !•þ!•þÇþy– xy¢y !löìëûߺy™#l•þy xyöì¨y¡lÐ� ˆy¦þ#�#îû ôöì•þy !îöìÙ»îû îöìîû”Äô¥yþ›%îû&£ìöì̃ îû xyd˜yl öëôl éŸé ¤öìe«!�þ¢–îûyhßìyëû ‹þ¡öì•þ ‹þ¡öì•þ !î¼y!hsý ˜)îû†þîûöì•þlÐ @ýÌ#†þ ¤èþë•þyîû þ›•þl ¥ëûÐþ›yÙ‹þy•þÄ !¢Çþyîû ²Ìöìî¢ ‰öì�þ– ’þzöì˜Äy_«y¤öìe«!�þ¢– •„þyîû !î£ì ²Ìöìëûyöìˆ ô,•%þÄ 399îSéîû þ›)öìîÅ Œ‡Ê#öìÜTîû �§ÃŠ ¥ëûÐ� ë#Ö‡Ê#ÜTG x@ý̈!•þ ö‹þöìëû!Séöì¡l–¼yhsý öˆy„’þüy!ôîû !îîû&öìkþ ¤‚@ýÌyô †þöìîûöìSélÐæþ¡×&!•þ e%«¢!îkþ ¥öìëû ô,•%þÄÐ� ¥�îû•þ ô¥Á¿˜– lÄyëû G ¤öì•þÄîû �lÄxydà!•þ ö˜lÐ� xyîÊy¥yô !¡Bþl éŸé xyöìô!îû†þyöì•þ’þzþ›!löìî¢ ßiyþ›l †þöìîûlÐ •„þyöì†þGߺy™#l•þyîû �lÄ xyfd˜y !˜öì•þ ¥ëûÐ� ô¥yô!•þ ö¡!ll– �yöìîûîû ÷î£ìôÄô)¡†þ ¢y¤l– îû&¢ !î²Õöìîîû ’þzöì˜Äy_«yö¡!llöì†þ 1918 ¤öìl =!¡ †þîûy ¥ëû éŸéߺyèþy!î†þ �#îl ëyþ›l †þîûöì•þ þ›yöìîûl !lÐ� xyëûyîû¡Äyöì[þîû ߺy™#l•þyîû �lÄôy¥zöì†þ¡ ö†þy!¡l 1922 ¤öìl xydà!•þö˜lÐ� ˆy¦þ#�# 30ƒ01ƒ1948 xy•þ•þyëû#îû=!¡öì•þ xydà!•þ ö˜lÐ •„þyöì†þ 12 îyîû

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