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GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE FOR RDBMS

PROJECT REPORT

Submitted In Partial fulfillment of the requirement

for the award of the degree of

Master of Computer ApplicationsOf Calicut University

SUBMITTED BY

ROOPA SREE.K.P

MCA CENTRE MERCY COLLEGE

(Affiliated to Calicut University)

PALAKKAD MARCH 2004

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COMPUTERCENTER,UNIVERSITYOFCALICUT

THENHIPPALAM

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that this project work entitled GRAPHICAL USERINTERFACE FOR RDBMS is a bonafide record of the project work done byMiss. Roopa Sree K.P at U.S.SOFTWARE Pvt. LTD, NILA,TECHNOPARK,THIRUVANANTHAPURAM, submitted in partial fulfilment of therequirements for the award of the degree of Master of ComputerApplications,awarded by University of Calicut during the academic year 2004.

Associative Co-ordinator Lecturer- in-charge

Submitted for viva voce on

External Examiner

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DEDICATEDTO MY

PARENTS

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ACKNOWLEDGEME

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I sincerely express my deep and heartfelt gratitude to all those who have helped us

in the completion of my project entitled Graphical User Interface for RDBMS.

At the outset I would sincerely like to thank Mr.MuraliGopal,Chief Operating Officer,U.S.Software,TechnoPark, Thiruvananthapuram,for

providing me an opportunity to undertake a project in this esteemed organization,

and the staff there who provided the necessary facilities for doing the project. I alsothank Mr.Rajagopal for his timely help and guidance inspite of his busy schedule.

My heartfelt gratitude to Mr.Pratheesh K.P ,for his support andguidance throughout the project. I also acknowledge the help and guidance provided

by Mr.Nikhil,Mr.Santhosh Kumar,Mr.Shiju Cherian and Mr.Unnikrishnan.I am

greatly indebted to them for their enthusiastic deliberation and instruction.

A word of gratitude to Mr.Rameshan, Director ,Computer Center,Calicut University

and my teachers for their guidance and councel.

I express my sincere thanks to my parents ,whose blessings,cooperation and supporthas made this project a success .Last but not the least, my heartfelt gratitude to all

my friends for their goodwill and cooperation at every stage of the work.

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Synopsis

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SYNOPSIS

The product entitled GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE FOR RDBMS isdeveloped for U. S. Software , Nila ,Technopark,Trivandrum. The product is developedusing Java as front end using MSSQL Server and Oracle.

The product is developed with the keen intention of creating a Graphical User Interface forany Relational Database Management System. This is a general-level GUI, which can beconnected to any database residing on the system. As a result, any database manipulation

can be performed using a single product. Moreover, the queries can be executed veryeasily, since the user need not type any queries, but can simply select the appropriateoptions according to their requirements. Thus, this product can be used by a person with noknowledge of SQL.The product is developed using Java as front end and MSSQL Serveras backend.

The main features integrated in this product are:

Database Creation

Database Login

Database Profile

Database Objects

Relationships

Security

SQL Query Analyzer

A form of security has been imposed on the system, so that only the authorized users canaccess the software and work with it. The system is user friendly and generate all therequired reports.

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CONTENTS

1. Introduction

1.1 Project Overview 11.2 Organization Profile 1

2. System Analysis

2.1 The Existing System 52.2 Feasibility Study 52.3 The Proposed System 62.4 System Objectives 8

3. System Design

3.1 Logical Design3.1.1 Data Flow Diagram

3.2 Physical Design3.2.1 Page Design

3.2.1.1 Input Design

3.2.1.2 Output Design

4. System Reqiurements Analysis

4.1 Hardware Reqiurements4.2 Software Reqirements

4.2.1 Software Features

5. System Development

5.1 Coding Structure

5.2 User Interface Specifiaction

6. System Testing And Implementation

6.1 Testing6.2 Implementation

7. Conclusion

7.1 System Evaluation

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7.2 Merits And Scope For Future Development7.3 Drawbacks

8. Bibliography

9. Appendices

Appendix 1 Data Flow DiagramAppendix 2 Screen Layouts

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CONTENTS

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Introduction

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INTRODUCTIONDatabase Management Systems or DBMS has evolved from a specialized computerapplication to a central component of modern computing environment. DBMS consists of acollection of interrelated data and a set of programs to access those data. These collection ofdata is referred to as a database. Database Management System involves both the definition ofstructures for the storage of information and provision of mechanisms for the manipulation ofinformation.

A collection of conceptual tools for describing data ,datarelationships ,data semantics and consistency constraints is called a data model. There are

different data models,among which Relational Database Management System(RDBMS) is themost popular choice for large scale application.

The RDBMS uses a collection of tables to represent both dataand the relationships among those data. Each table has multiple columns and each column hasunique name and fixed datatype.Each table in the database has a unique name assigned to it.

The RDBMS has established itself as the primary data modelfor commercial data processing applications. RDBMS is now being used in numerousapplications outside the domain of traditional data processing.

To interact with with the database and work with the tables in it,oneneed to use Structured Query Language (SQL) which includes features on defining structure ofthe data,for modifying data in the database and for specifying security constraints.

1.1PROJECT OVERVIEW

The project entitled Graphical user interface for RDBMS is aimed atproviding a user friendly and single interface for working with different RDBMS like SQLServer,Oracle etc.The main objective of the system is to enable a user work with the databasesand tables in a RDBMS even if he doesnt have any knowledge of SQL .

The product is aimed at accomplishing the following: Create, rename and drop databases in an RDBMS View and work with database objects like tables, queries, forms and reports View the database profile and table that exists in a particular RDBMS Preparing and printing various reports containing information about existingdatabases and objects in a database,if needed Providing security to the databases by encryption/Decryption algorithms Provide a provision i.e a SQL query analyzer for executing queries in SQL mode, ifrequired

1.2 ORGANIZATION PROFILE

US Technology Resources, L.L.C. is a California-based limited liabilitycorporation. They provide high quality Application Development, Application Maintenance,Application Reengineering,Application Integration, Staff Augmentation,ITConsulting Services,

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Product Development, Process Consultiing and E-Commerce to industry verticals like Retail,Healthcare, Utilities,Telecommunications, Shipping and Transportation, Airlines, Banking andFinancial Services, Manufacturing and Airlines. Their customers include several Fortune 500corporations.

US Technology employs qualified engineers and managers in offices around the globe. Theiroffices in the United States are at Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Cincinnati, Colorado Springs,Houston, New York, Los Angeles, Minneapolis, Phoenix, San Diego, Tampa, Seattle, San Joseand Washington DC. Outside the United States, they have offices at locations in Canada, India,Austria, UK, Australia and the UAE. US Technology is part of the Comcraft Group, which has

$4 billion in annual revenues and holdings in over 50 countries.FACILITIES:U.S.Tecnologies Resources have customers in North America, Europe, Australia and

Asia.They have customers in North America, Europe, Australia and Asia. Their offshoredevelopment centers are located in India. Their world-class development facility is located on alush hillside on the outskirts of Trivandrum.

The physical facilities, promotional avenues, and operational support offered byTechnopark create significant synergy facilitating quick setting up and fast growth ofcompanies. The large number of start-ups, which have successfully come up in the campus,corroborates the confidence that the campus has been able to generate in the investor.US Technology has many years of US IT market experience in custom applicationdevelopment. Their offshore development centers are located in India. India is a nation wherean increasing number of multi-national companies is outsourcing its software requirements toretain a competitive advantage. India offers the following advantages for offshore softwaredevelopment:

Large pool of highly skilled English-speaking professionals

Familiarity with a wide range of hardware and software platforms Internationally acknowledged academic institutions

Exporter-friendly government policies

High-speed data-communication and video-conferencing links

Easy air, rail, and road access

Infrastructure on the campus includes built-up space, reliable power, water, telecom,convention facilities, restaurants, a guest house, clubs, banks and libraries in a self-containedcampus.

KEY DIFFERENTIATORS:

As a global player with world class quality in their solutions and relationships, US Technologyis fully committed to the customers. The key to success in today's world is to be unique in whatthey do, and if you are in search of a different kind of solution for your business, theiruniqueness can help you meet your business needs:

All senior managers in US Technology have vast experience working in internationalenvironments particularly in the US. This global exposure equips them to understand andprovide effective solutions for international business. Ensuring effective transfer of technologyand better answers for the customer.

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At US Technology, customer is the King. Every customer is treated as if they are their onlycustomer. The organization believes in building long-term relationship with the customers.Assessed at SEI-CMM Level 5 in December 2001, both offshore and onsite units of USTechnology have the highest level of process maturity. Predictable, refined processes help toensure that US Technology delivers high quality solutions, on time - every time.

SERVICES:

At US Technology, the approach is to help customers achieve their strategic goals and meettheir demands. In a dynamic marketplace, their focus on emerging technologies has made us afront-runner in delivering fixed price, guaranteed time-line and quality services. U.S Technology offerservices personalized to each customer's unique business requirements.They provide services in following areas:

Application Development

Application Maintenance

Application Re-engineering

Application Integration

Staff Augmentation E-Commerce

IT Consulting

Process Consulting

Training

Product Development

Research & Development

POS Applications

Testing ServicesEXPERTISE:

US Technology addresses varied customer demands by providing quality solutions andservices.

Their expertise spreads over the following domains:

Retail

Healthcare

E-Commerce

Utilities

Telecommunications

Shipping and Transportation

Banking and Financial Services

Manufacturing

Airlines

US Technology possesses world-class talent spanning multiple technologies. This includesmainframe, web commerce, J2EE, customer/server, web enabled wireless technologies,network provisioning, network management, network control, order entry, point of sale, retailmarketing, and back office systems.

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INDUSTRY DOMAINS :

At US Technology, the focus is to provide world class business solutions to a wide range ofbusinesses using cutting edge IT components. US Technology has wide range of domainexpertise in the following areas.

Retail

Healthcare

Utilities

Telecommunications

Shipping and Transportation

Banking and Financial Services

Manufacturing

Airlines... and more.

PRODUCTS:

eTime Resource Allocation Tool :

eTime is an easy-to-use web-based time management system for better projectmanagement and effective project cost accounting.

Resource Allocation Tool :Resource allocation tool is an online tool, which automates the process of resource allocationfor the RAG of the company.Online Examination System :

This product takes care of all the needs for conducting an examination effectively over theweb, including random selection of questions for the various examinees and effectiveand customizable time control for exams.Conference Call Scheduler:

Conference Call Scheduler (CCS) is a web based scheduling application that allows users toschedule conferences and has a built-in e-mail interface. It offers a simple and easy-to-useinterface and enables the user to utilize his time effectively.Trans-e:

Trans-e (Corporate Intranet and Knowledge Management Platform) is an easy to customizeIntranet platform, which enables organizations to improve the quality and timeliness ofinformation access.Acado :

Acado (The Academic Intranet with Integrated Course Management System) is an Intranetsolution designed to meet the unique needs of academic institutions, with a focuson enhancing the quality of teaching and learning.Customizable Screen Saver:

The US Technology screensaver is an exciting addition to your Windows system and willprovide hours of entertainment, in addition to protecting your monitor from burn-out.

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System Analysis

SYSTEM ANALYSIS

System analysis is the process of identification of the objectives and requirements ,evaluation ofalternative solutions and recommentation for a more feasible solution.In other words, systemanalysis is the step by step process of gathering ,recording and interpreting facts. It is thereduction of an entire system by studying the various operations. It includes studying theproblems encountered in the present system and introducing a new computer system into anorganization. The main aim of analysis is to determine problem areas and decide on solutions toreduce or eliminate them.

System analysis itself breaks into two stages.Preliminary and Detailed.During preliminary

analysis the analyst list the objectives of the proposed system.These findings come together inthe preliminary report.

Once the preliminary report is approved ,the system analysis phase adavanes into a secondstage.During detailed analysis required data and information are collected and a detailedstudy is made.

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During analysis ,data are collected on the available files,decision points,and transactions of thesystem using various tools like data flow diagram.

2.1 THE EXISTING SYSTEM

We have many database management systems available in the market,many of them with

friendly Graphical User Interfaces, using which the users can execute queries and handle tablesand other objects. However, the GUIs provided by each database server is exclusive to its owndatabase. Moreover, a person with little technical knowledge will find it difficult to use one.

LIMITATIONS OF THE EXISTING SYSTEM

GUIs provided by most of the database is exclusive to its own database

Working with different databases through a single friendly interface isimpossible

The features and functionality provided by each GUIs differ from one RDBMSto another

A GUI that provides a friendly environment to a user with little knowledge ofSQL in such a way that he can work with more than one type of databases is hard

to find

2.2 FEASIBILITY STUDY

In any project,feasibilityanalysis is a very important stage.Feasibility study is systemproposal according to its workability, impact on the operation, ability to meet user needs andefficient use of resources.Any project may face scarcity in resources,time or workforce. Animportant outcome of the preliminary investigation is the determination whether the systemrequested is feasible or not. The key considerations involved in the feasibility analysis aretechnical,operational ,economic .

Technical Feasibility

Technical feasibility is the most important of all types of feasibility analysis. Technicalfeasibility deals with hardware as well as software requirements.An idea from the outline design tosystem requirements in terms of of inputs outputs,files and procedures is drawn and the type ofhardware, software, and the methods required for running the system areanalysed.Keeping in mind of the above considerations,the resource availability at this company wasobserved.It was found that the company has the company has the sufficient resources to develop thecurrent project;hence the system is technically feasible.

Economic Feasibility

Economic analysis is the most frequently used method for evaluating the effectiveness of thesoftware, more commonly known as the cost /benefit analysis. The procedure is to determine thebenefits and savings that are expected from a candidate system and compare them with costs.Ifthe benefits outweigh cost, the decision is made to design and implement the system,otherwise further alternatives have to be made.Here it is seen that no new hardware or software isneeded for the development of the system. Hence the project is economically feasible fordevelopment in this company.

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Schedule Feasibility :

Schedule feasibility is concerned with the completion of the project developmentwithin the fixed time span.It is an important factor as it can affect other factors like machineavailability ,tools,cost development and delay in the development of other systems.Besidesthese,this project is assigned to the student as an academic exercise to be completed within a fixedperiod of time.

Operational Feasibility

The purpose of the operational feasibility study was to determine whether the new system will be used if it is developed and implemented? Will there be resistance from users that willundermine the possible application benefits? From the outputs of the meeting that was held with thesystem users , it was found that all of them support the development of new system. Thepositive response from them encouraged in building such a system.

2.3 THE PROPOSED SYSTEMThe product entitled GUI For RDBMS is developed with the keen intention of creating a

Graphical User Interface for commonly used Relational Database Management System like MSSQLServer ,Oracle etc. This is a general-level GUI, which can be connected to more than one database

residing on the system. As a result, any database manipulation can be performed using a singleproduct. Moreover, the queries can be executed very easily, since the user need not type anyqueries, but can simply select the appropriate options according to their requirements. Thus, thisproduct can be used by a person with no knowledge of SQL.

1. Database Creation

In case of MS SQL Server ,by clicking on the corresponding icon, a new database can becreated.

2. Database Login

Once a database is created, a user can login to his/her database and, after which he/she canwork with the objects in the database.In case of Oracle ,we are always automically logged

into the default database of Oracle and we can login into the same as different users.

3. Database RenameA database in MSSQL server can be renamed by selecting the corresponding option.

4. Database Drop

There is an option provided for dropping an already existing database when the GUI isconnected to the MSSQL Server.

5 .Database Profile

The user can monitor and view the database properties, like name, owner, size, date ofcreation, status and contents.

6.Objects

The user can access the opened database through a Graphical User Interface. Through thisinterface, the user can view and work with the database objects like tables, queries andreports.

Create TableThe user can create tables in the selected database. A design view is provided, throughwhich the user can simply enter the field name, select the data type from a select list . There

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are separate options for setting a field as primary ,unique,or not null. There is also an optionfor adding checking constraint on a field or a default value in a field .

View TableThis option enables the user to view the contents(rows) in a table.

Execute QueriesThe user can execute any query on the database using the user-friendly graphical interface.

All the tables in the database is listed, from which the user can select the one(s) in which he/she hasto execute the query. The user can select the type of query to be executed (like select, update,append, make-table and delete). The field(s) in the table(s) in which the query has to be executedcan be selected from a list and the conditions can be input, all using the graphical interface. Theconditions can include sorting (ascending, descending or none), fields to be displayed, criteria andany other specification, if any. The result of the query action is exhibited.

SELECT

User can first select a table ,then execute select queries on it.Select query can beexecuted in different ways:

o Specific fields or all fields in a table can be displayed.o Only distinct fields can be displayed if required

o Aggregate function can be applied to a field selected

o Field or fields satisfying a specific condition can be selected

o Selection can also be made using Order by or Group by clause

ALTER

Any alteration on the table can be made on a selected table using thisoption.Alterations that can be made includes the following

o Alter the datatype of a existing field in the selected table

o Altering the selected table by adding a new field to the tableo Altering the selected table by dropping an existing field in the table

o Altering the selected table by adding a constraint to a field in the table

o Altering the selected table by dropping a constraint specified on the field

in the table UPDATE

This option is used for making any updation on a selected table.Anycondition for updation can also be specified if required.

DELETE

This option is used for deleting rows from a seleted table.Deletion canalso be performed by specifying condition so that only rows satisfying

that condition is deleted.

DROP

This option allows an user to drop an already existing table from adatabase

INSERT

Using this option the user can insert rows into an existing table.

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Reports

The user, using the icons and tools provided, can prepare reports of table generation orquery executions. These reports can also be converted to a printable version andthenbe printed. The reports can include:

List existing databasesA database can be selected and the existing tables and their properties can be displayed.

List objects in a database

The user can select a database and then view the tables, queries and other objects in it.7. Security

The user can ensure security of his/her database and prevent unauthorized access, by thefollowing means:

Encryption/Decryption

By using suitable algorithms, the database can be encrypted and saved. For retrieval, it canbe decoded.

8. SQL Query Analyzer

If required, the user can execute queries in SQL mode, not using the graphical interface. A

separate workspace is provided, where the query can be typed and executed. 2.4 SYSTEM OBJECTIVES

The system is developed in view of creating a general level user friendlyinterface for some of the the most commonly used RDBMS like MS SQL Server ,Oracleetc.Certain objectives of the system that are of paramount importance are:

To develop a general level GUI that provides a single interface for more than one typeof RDBMS so that any data manipulation can be performed using a single product.

To enable users work with any type of RDBMS even if they have no knowledge of SQL

Reducing the time for executing queries by enabling the user to select the appropriateoptions instead of typing the queries

Providing a user friendly interface that is not exclusive to any particular type ofRDBMS

Eliminate the overhead that is needed to connect to a different type of interface whenwe want to connect to a RDBMS different from the one we are working with.

The proposed system is developed with the aim of meeting all the above said objectives.

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System Design

SYSTEM DESIGNAfter the system analysis is carried out,system design is done to arrive at the specificationsderived during the analysis. Design is the most creative and challenging phase of the systemlifecycle.It is the process of translating the requirements uncovered in analysis into possibleways of meeting them. Design is essentially a creative activity.It doesnt mean that it containssimply a series of bright ideas. The design of the system is concerned with the interfacebetween the computer and the user of the system.During this phase, the desired activities arescheduled,how data will flow through the system is planned and program specifications arewritten.System design transforms a logical representation of what a given is required to do inthe physical design.The specifications are converted into physical reality duringdevelopment.Designing of the system requires a full understanding of the problems.

There are two levels of system design-logical design and physical design.

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3.1 LOGICAL DESIGN

In the logical design ,descripton of the inputs,databases and procedures are given

in a format that meets the requirements.3.1.1 DATA FLOW DIAGRAM

The Data Flow Diagram(DFD) was first developed by Larry Constantine as a way of

expressing system requirements in a graphical form .A DFD also known as the Bubble Charthas the purpose of clarifying the system requirements and identifying the major transformationsthat will become programs in system design, i.e ,a DFD shows the movement of data throughthe different transformations or processes on the system.A DFD has the following features:

The information flow is gathered on time consuming basis

Control information is passed throughout the system and associated control processing

Multiple instances of the same transformation,which are sometimes encountered inmultitasking situations

System states and the mechanism that causes transition between states.

In the normal convention,a DFD can be completed using four notations.

: A square defines a source or destination of the systemdata.

: An arrow identifies data flow data in motion. It is apipeline through which information flows.

: A circle or a bubble represents a process that transforms inincoming data flows into outgoing data flows

:An open rectangle is a data store- data at rest or a temporaryrepository of data .

The DFD at the simplest level is reffered to as the Context Analysis Diagram.These areexpanded by level,each explaining its process in detail.Processes are numbered for easyidentification and the data stores and source and destination of data are normally labeled in blockletters.Each data flow is labeled for easy understanding.Data Flow Diagram for the abovementioned system is shown in appendix 1.3.2 PHYSICAL DESIGN

Following the logical design is the physical design.This produces the working system by

defining the design specifications that tell programmers exactly what the candidate system must do.Inturn,the programmer writes necessary programs or modifies the software package that accepts inputfrom the user ,performs the necessary calculations through the existing file or database,produces thereport on a hard copy or displays it on a screen and maintains an updated database at all times.

A main stage involved in physical design is the page design(input and output design).3.2.1 PAGE DESIGN

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The primary consideration is to provide a design that help the user to work smoothly witheither MSSQL Server or Oracle even he doesnt have any knowledge of SQL.In order toprovide the user with an organized way to use the application,screens are developed in auser-friendly way.There are several options provided ,so that the user can simply selectthe required one to obtain the necessary information or to perform the necessary

operations.3.2.1.1 INPUT DESIGN

The input design associated with the system includes user_friendly interface screenformat,which reduces the burden of the end users ,who are not highly proficient in usingcomputers.The important screens associated with the system are:

1.Login Section:

This is the first input screen which the user uses to log into the GUI.The user has to enterthe corerect login name and the password inorder to get access to the software.

2.Connection section:

After correctly logging into the system ,the user selects the connection section for

connecting to a particular RDBMS.The user has to give the necessary details like the name ofthe RDBMS to connect ,server name of the RDBMS,user name and password if any.Theconnection to the specified RDBMS will be successfully established if all the aboveinformation is correctly given.3.Disconnect Section:

This screen is used when the user want to disconnect from a RDBMS.4.Create database:

Using this option a new database can be created.A input dialog box appears to enter thename of the databse to be created .This option is valid only only in the case of MSSQL Server.5.Create table

The user can create tables in the selected database using this. A design view isprovided, through which the user can simply enter the field name, select the data type from a

select list . There are separate options for setting a field as primary ,unique,or not null. There isalso an option for adding checking constraint on a field.6.Rename Database:

A database in MSSQL server can be renamed by selecting this option.The new name shouldbe provided through the interface.

7.Drop Database

This is an option provided for dropping an already existing database when the GUI isconnected to the MSSQL Server.

8. Drop Table

The user can drop a selected table from the database using this option .9. View Table This option is used to view the contents (rows) in an already existing table.10.Table Insert

A separate screen is provided so that the user can insert a new row into a selectedtable .

11. Table Selection

This option is used to select rows or columns from an already existing table.

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Select query can be executed in different ways:o Specific fields or all fields in a table can be displayed.

o Only distinct fields can be displayed if required

o Aggregate function can be applied to a field selected

o Field or fields satisfying a specific condition can be selected

o Selection can also be made using Order by or Group by clause12.Table Alter

Any alteration on the table can be made on a selected table using this option.The usercan alter the datatype of a field,add or drop a field ,add or drop a constraint on a field ina table.

13. Table Update

This option is used for making any updation on a selected table.Any conditionfor updation can also be specified if required.

14. Table DeleteThis option is used for deleting rows from a seleted table.Deletion can also beperformed by specifying condition so that only rows satisfying that condition isdeleted.

Appropriate error messages are generated during all the above operations in case aerror occurs.Customized messages are given in place of system messages.Enforcing integrityconstraints,data validation are done in such a way that the end user is free from such chores.

3.2.1.2 Output Design:Computer Output is the most important and direct source of information to the user . Efficient design ointelligible output willimprove the systems relationships with the user and help in decision making. major form of output is a hard copy from the printer. Printouts should be designed around the outputrequirements of the user. Printers ,CRT screen display are the examples for providing computer basedoutput.

The output design is associated with the system includes the various reports of table

generations and query executions. These reports can also be converted to a printable version andthen be printed. The reports can include:

List existing databases

A database can be selected and the existing tables and their properties can be displayed List objects in a database

The user can select a database and then view the tables, queries and other objects in it.

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System Requirements Analysis

SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS

4.1 HARDWARE REQIUREMENTS

System PC Wipro Make

Processor Pentium III Celeron or higherMain Memory 64 MBCache Memory 512 KBKeyboard 104 standard keyboardHDD 40 GB or moreFDD 1.44 MBMonitor Wipro 15 SVGA ColorMouse Logitech Mouse

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4.2 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

Operating System Windows 2000Back End SQL Server7.0 and Oracle 8iFront End JAVA

4.2.1 Software Features

Java Overview

The best thing about Java is that it is object oriented and architecture neutral. The promise of

object-oriented programming (OOP) is the capability to reuse code. With Java, we no longer have to

develop separate applications for different platforms. Large corporations use Java's platform

independence to save millions of dollars on a single project. Java has captivated much more than the

imaginations.

Java is two things:

1. Java is a high level programming language.

Java is both compiled and interpreted. With compiler, you can translate a Java program into

an intermediate language called Java Byte codes the platform independent codes interpreted by

the Java interpreter. With an interpreter, each Java Byte codes instruction is parsed and run on a

computer. Compilation happens just once; interpretation occurs each time the program is executed.

2. A platform.

A platform is the hardware or software environment in which each a program runs. The Java

platform differs from most other platform in that it is software only platform that runs on top

other, hardware based platforms. Its two components are

A) Java virtual machine (Java VM)

b) Java application programming interface (Java API)

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Java is modeled after C and C++. Java also borrows extensions from Objective C. These

extensions allow for extremely dynamic method resolution. This makes it very easy for current C,

Objective C, and C++ developers to transition to Java. Java gets rid of pointers, automatically

manages memory, and even features a garbage-collection routine that runs in the background.

Because of its intended use on the Web, where even the smallest security vulnerability could

potentially be exploited and cause global mayhem, Java was designed with multiple layers of

security countermeasures embedded in the compiler, runtime system, and in browsers that support

Java, known as Java-enabled browsers. These countermeasures make Java inherently more secure

for developing any type of trusted application software.

Java is a sound choice for developing software where reliability is of utmost concern, such

as mission-critical applications. Java's object-oriented nature combined with numerous, compile-

time and runtime integrity checks eliminate many difficult-to-find programming errors. The Java

language has removed many of the dangerous programming capabilities, such as modifiable

pointers, unchecked type conversion, and relaxed bounds checking, that are commonly found in

other programming languages, such as C and C++.

The Java API provides full support of multithreaded programming. Multithreaded programs

can be developed in a single, consistent manner, independent of the vagaries of the host operatingsystem interface.

The Java API provides extensive support of windowing and graphical user interface

development without the complexities associated with maintaining multiple window class libraries.

Java TAPI (Telephone Application Programmers Interface) provides facilities for

accessing modem and Telephone line. It has built in classes for Modem operation.

Java Features

Some of the important features of Java are as follows:

Simplicity

Object oriented

Platform Independent

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Security

High Performance

Mutlithreading

Garbage Collection

Distributed

Dynamic Linking

Robust

Portable

Interpreted

Swings

In Java ,we buid user interfaces using a separate class called Abstract Wondow Toolkit

or AWT.But there is a supercharged alternative called Swing .Swing is a set of classes that

provides more powerful and flexible components than are possible with the AWT. Swings

supply several exciting additions that includes tabbed panes,scrollpanes,trees and ta2bles.

Unlike AWT components,Swing componenets are entirely written in Java and therefore

are platform-independent.The term lightweight is used to describe such elements.Swing class

provides toolbars,tooltips and progress bars.Swing components can provide a pluggable look

and feel,which means that it is easy to substitute another appearance and behavior for an

element.The proposed software is makes extensive use of a number of swing components.

JDBC Overview

JDBC is a Java TM API for executing SQL statements. It consists of a set of classes and

interfaces written in the Java programming language that makes it easy to send SQL

statements virtually to any relational database. In other words, with the JDBC API, it is not

necessary to write one program to access a Sybase database, another program to access an

Oracle Database, another program to access MySQL database and so on. On can write a single

program using the JDBC API and the program will be able to send SQL statements to the

appropriate database. And, with a program written in the Java programming language one also

doesnt have to worry about writing different programs to run on different platforms. The

combination of Java and JDBC lets a programmer write it once and run it anywhere.

Java, being robust, secures, easy to use, easy to understand and automatically down

loadable on a network is an excellent language basis for database applications. What is needed

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is a way for Java application to talk to variety of different databases JDBC is the mechanism for

doing this.

JDBC extends what you can do in Java. for e.g., with Java and the JDBC API it is

possible to publish a web page containing an applet that uses information obtained from a

remote database . Or an enterprise can use JDBC to connect all it employees (even if they are

using a conglomeration of Windows, Macintosh and UNIX machines) to one or more internal

database via an intra net. With more and more programmers using the accesses from java is

continuing to grow.

MIS managers like the combination of Java because it makes disseminating information

easy and economical. Business can continue to use their installed databases and access

information easily even if it is stored on different database management systems.

Development time for new applications is short. Installation and version controls are greatly

simplified. Here a programmer can write an application or update once, put it on the server

and everybody has access to the latest version. And for business selling information services,

Java and JDBC offers better way of getting out information updates to external customers.

JDBC makes it possible to do four things:

1. Establishes a connection to databases.

2. Send SQL statements

3. Process the results.

4. Close the connection

As the proposed system aims at communicating with different type of RDBMS ,JDBC is

an important part in its development.

The proposed system is desgned to work as an interface to type of RDBMS ,SQL Server

and Oracle 8i.So it has two backends.When it is working as an interface for MSSQL Server ,its

backend is SQLServer and when its serves as an interface for Oracle,Oracle 8i is its backend.

ABOUT ORACLE

It is the most widely used back end for the web. It gained this much of popularity

because of the features like its more fast and high availability. It also provides high security in

the query programming.

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Oracle basically does three things

Let you put data into it

Keep the data

Lets you get the data and work with it.

An ORDBMS extends the capability of RDBMS to support object-oriented concepts.We can use

Oracle as an RDBMS or take the advantage of its object-oriented features.

Advantages of using Oracle - 8i

This database management system contains many advantages:

Oracle-8i is an object relational database management system Oracle-8i database offers capabilities of both relational and object

oriented database system Oracle-8i supports very large databases that could contain hundreds of

terabytes of information.

It provides access to many concurrent users to the order of thousands orten thousand users.

Managing large amount of data could present administrative and

performance challenges. Its data partitioning features help to minimizethe problem.

It supports multi-threaded server. It has an advanced queuing feature.

It provides ten-fold size improvement It up to ten times faster. Fast and simple recovery mechanism It provides a new utility , DB_VARIFY, which ensures the logical integrity

of the data in an oracle-8i database. It provide better security It support both object oriented concepts and relational data base

concepts It supports object - oriented concepts such as encapsulation,

polymorphism and inheritance. Oracle products are based on a concept called client / server

technology

About MS SQL Server 7.0

SQL Server is a Structured Query Language(SQL) based,client,server relational database.Weuse SQL Server to manage two types of databases-online transaction processing(OLTP)

databases,and online analytical processing(OLAP) databases.Typically,separate clients access

the databases by communicating over a network.

We can use SQL Server as a family of products and technologies that meets the data storage

requirements of OLTP and OLAP environments.SQL Server is a relational database

management system (RDBMS) that:

Manages data storage for transactions and analysis

Responds to requests from client applications.

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Uses Transact-SQL ,Extensible Markup language (XML),multidimensional

expressions(MDX),or SQL Distributed Management Objects(SQL-DMO) tosend requests between a client and SQL Server.

The RDBMS of SQL Server is responsible for:

Maintaining the relationships among data in a database

Ensuring that data is stored correctly and that the rules defining the relationships

among data are not violated. Recovering all data to a point of known consistency, in the event of a system failure.

Some of the important features of SQL Server are:

Ease of installation

Many databases capable of supporting all the processing needs of anenterprise are complex and difficult to administer.SQLServer includesmany tools andfeaturesthat simplify the ability to install,deploy,manage and usedatabases.SQL Server providesdatabase administrators with all the tools required to fine-tune SQLServer installations running

production online system.SQLServer is also capable of operating efficiently on a small ,single-user system with minimal administrative overhead.

Scalability

The SQL Server version 7.0 database engine operates on Microsoft Windows95/98,Microsoft Windows NT Server Enterprise Edition.The database engine is a robust server

that can manage terabyte database being accessed by thousands of users.At the sametime,when running at its default settings,SQL Server 7.0 has features such as dynamic self-

tuning that let it work effectively on laptops and desktops without burdening users with

administrative tasks.

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SystemDevelopment

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SYSTEM DEVELOPMENTSystem development is a series of operations performed to manipulate data to produce

output from a computer system.This is highly dependent on the programming languageused.During the system development phase,the system is constructed from thespecifications prepared in the design phase.The principal activities performed during the

development phase can be divided into two major related sequence.They are :

External system development(to the computer program component)

Internal system development(to the computer program component)The major external system development activities are:

Implementation

Planning

Equipment acquisition

Installation

The major internal system development activities are:

Computer program development Performance testing

5.1 CODING STRUCTRUE

Coding structure transalates detailed design representation of software into aprogramming language realization.

Front end tool has been seleted after analyzing:

Ease of design to code translation

Availabilty of development tools

Maintainability

Code design has been implemented giving priority to understandability,simplicity, and

clarity.Java 2.0 has been selected as the front tool for software development.As the system aims atcreating an user friendly interface ,the swing class of JAVA is of much use in its

development.Eventhough we can buid interfaces using the Abstract WindowToolkit(AWT)classes of Java,the Swing classes provides more powerful and flexible

components than are possible with AWT.In addition to the familiar components ,Swingsupplies several additions,including tabbed panes,scroll panes,trees and tables.Even familiar

components have more capabilities in Swing,which helps in making the proposed system userfriendly to the maximum extend .Swing components can provide a pluggable look and feel

i.e.it is easy to substitute another appearnce for an element.And as the proposed system has to communicate with more than one

type of RDBMS using the query language SQL,JDBC (Java Database connection) in Java is theright choice for making database connections .Every database has its own Application Program

Interface(API) that we must know to write programs that interact with the database.Thismeans that writing code capable of interfacing with databases from more than one vendor has

been a daunting challenge.The JDBC API provides Java applications with midlevel access tomost database systems via SQL.JDBC is a key enterprise API.JDBC is Suns attempt to create

a platform-neutral interface between databases and Java.The JDBC API defines a set of

database functionality,including running queries,processing results, and determiningconfiguration information.JDBC driver is a set of classes that implements interface for a

particular database

systems.An application can use a number of drivers interchangeably.

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5.2 USERINTERFACE SPECIFIACTION

Access to the application is restricted through a login name and a password.Onlythose who have given correct login name and password in the login section can have access tothe connection section ,where the connection with a particular RDBMS is established.After

establishing the connection only ,theappropriate options for various operations in database andits objects are enabled.The login window and connection section is given in appendix2.

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TESTINGTesting is the process of executing the program with the intent of finding errors. Testing

cannot show the absence of defects, it can only show that software errors are present.The testing principles used are

1. Tests are traceable to customer requirements.

2. 80% of errors will likely be traceable to 20 % of program modules

3.Testing should begin in-small and progress towards testing in large

System testing is vital for the success of any software system .In this phase,several tests and validations will be carried out on modules to check for theirfunctionality. Testing and debugging is a very critical in system development. The

quality of the system is confirmed by the thoroughness of its testing. Duration and cost

of testing and debugging is a significant fraction of the system development life cycleand hence influences overall productivity during the system development .In this phase

the errors in the program or module are localized and modifications are done toeliminate them.

Some of the methods of system testing are given below:White Box Testing:

This test is conducted during the code generation phase itself. All theerrors were rectified at the moment of its discovery. During this testing, it is

ensured that

1. All independent paths within a module have been exercised at least once.

2. Exercise all logical decisions on their true or false side.

3. Execute all loops at their boundaries.Black Box Testing:

It is focused on the functional requirements of the software. It is not analternative to White Box Testing; rather, it is a complementary approach that is likely to

uncover a different class of errors than White Box methods. It is attempted to finderrors in the following categories

1. Incorrect or missing functions

2. Interface errors

3. Errors in data structures or external database access

4. Performance errors and

5. Initialization errors.Unit Testing:

Unit testing is carried out to screen wise,each screen being identified as

anobject.Attention is diverted to individual modules,independently to one

another to locate errors.in coding and logic.

In unit testing,

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Module interface is tested to ensure that information properly flows into and

out of the program under test.

Local data structures are examined to ensure that data stored temporarily

maintains its integrity during all steps in algorithm execution.

Boundary condition is tested to ensure that the module operates properly at

boundaries established to limit or restrict processing.

All independent paths through the control structures are executed to ensure

that all statements in the module have been executed at least once.

Error handling paths are also tested

This test focuses verification effort on the smallest unit of software unit of

software design, the module .Here, the module interfaces ,boundary

conditions ,and all independent paths were verified by inputting false data

.Each single operation is tested individually for its correct functionality.

Intergration testing

Integration testing is a systematic technique for constructing the program structure

while at the same time conducting tests to uncover errors associated with interfacing.Unit

tested module were taken and a single program structure was built that has been dictated by

the design.Incremental integration has adopted here.The entire software was developed and

tested in small segments,where errors were easy to locate and rectify.Each database or table

manipulation operation was written as a single java class files and separately tested and

combined to form a single program .After integration,the single program was tested again

with numerous test data to check for its functionality.

The integration can be performed in two ways-Top down integration and Bottom up

integration.Here bottom up integration is performed. This strategy is implemented with the

following steps.

1. Low-level modules are combined to form clusters that perform a specific software

sub function.

2. The cluster is tested.

3. Drivers are removed and clusters are combined moving upward in the program

structure.Alpha Testing:

A series of Acceptance tests were conducted to enable the employees of the firm to

validate requirements. The end user conducted it. The suggestions, along with the additional

requirements of the end user were included in the project.

Beta Testing:

It is to be conducted by the end-user without the presence of the developer. It can be

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conducted over a period of weeks or month. Since it is a long time consuming activity, its

result is out of scope of this project report. But its result will help to enhance the product at a

later time.

6.2 IMPLEMENTATION

Implementation is the process of bringing a newly developed system or revisedinto operational one. it is the practical job of putting a theoretical design into practice. It may

involve the complete implementation of a computer complex or the introduction of one smallsubsystem.The new system and its components are to be tested in a structured and planned

manner. The implementation stage of a project is often very complex and time consuming andmany more people are involved in the earlier stages. This involves careful

planning,investigation of the current system and constraints of implementation ,creatingcomputer-compatible files, installing hardware, training the operating staff in the

changeover procedures before the system is setup and running. A critical factor in theconversion is not disrupting the functioning of the organization.

The implementation phase of a project covers the period from the

acceptance of the tested design to its satisfactory operations, supported by the appropriate

user and operations manual. It is a major operation across the whole organizational structure

and requires a great deal of planning. The implementation plan involves the following:

Testing to confirm effectiveness

Detection and correction of errors

Making necessary changes so as to satisfy the requirements

The systemGraphical User Interface For RDBMS has been tested and implemented

successfully by the officials and concerned staff of U.S.SOFTWARE Pvt.Ltd,Nila, Technopark,

Thiruvananthapuram.

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CONCLUSION

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CONCLUSION8.1 SYSTEM EVALUATION

The system is developed aiming at helping a user easily access and work with databases

in different RDBMS,even he have little knowledge of SQL.Also the developed system providesa single interface for communicating with more than one type of RDBMS..The new system is

developed in Java using MS SQLServer and Oracle. MS SQL Server and Oracle are twocommonly used RDBMS, very efficient back end tool for handling databases.The Swing class of

Java helped to create many user friendly features like menus,buttons,messages etc in thesystem.All these can provide better service to the users of this software .So the system

succesfully serves the purpose it is aimed at.

8.2MERITS AND SCOPE FOR FUTURE DEVELOPMENT The Swing class of Java provides many tools that allows to design more user friendlyinterface such as menus,buttons,dialog boxes,text areas etc.As the system is menu driven ,a

user can use it with little training.The user just want to click on certain buttons or select a

menu to work with a database and its objects; he doesnt have to type the queries ,nor does

he have to possess any knowledge of SQL to work with different databases.For making thesystem adaptive to the changing environment,it will be necessary that the system will berequired to handle some more functions in the future to satisfy the requirements,we can write

separate program modules and combine them to the main program.For eg: the system can befurther enhanced to handle nested queries,sub queries etc .An option for backing up databases

and restoring them is another enhancement.Or the system can be further developed to workas an interface for the MySQL Server ,with some modifications.Thus the number of RDBMS it

supports can be incremented,which helps the system to be a more general level GUI (GraphicalUser Interface).8.3DRAWBACKS

Eventhough the proposed system succeeded in creating a general level

Graphical User Interface for most of the commonly used RDBMSs, it still has certaindisadvantages.The following are the some of the main disadvantages of the system:

User cannot create,rename or drop a new database in Oracle .All that he canwork with is the default database in Oracle.

Two tables cannot be related using the interface;i.e while creating a table

through this interface ,foreign key cannot be set on a field

Table level check constraints cannot be applied to a table in a database

Nested queries cannot be handled by the system

Backing up or restoring a database cannot be done using the system

Eventhough the system is developed to communicate with different type ofRDBMS residing in a system,still we cannot say that work with every RDBMS in system

without any modifiction.

Creating new user in Oracle cannot be done through this interface.

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APPENDICES

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Data flow Diagrams

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0-LEVEL-DFD

TABLE Table STRUCTUREDetails Table

Structure

Data

Records TABLESDATA

DDL

COMMANDGui

Process

DML

COMMAND

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II-LEVEL DFDRDBMS SELECTION PROCESS

SERVER FILE

RDBMS

Details

ServerDetails USER

RDBMS User Name

AndPassword

Permission

Connection

USER

1.1

RDBMS

Selection

1.2Security

Checking

USE

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I-LE V EL DFDSERVER FILE META DATA FILE

Table OrDatabase Structure

RDBMS DetailsServer

Details Reports

Server

Reports

Table

Data

DATA FILE

USER

1

RDBMS

Selection2

DDL

Process

3

DML

Process

USER

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II-level DFDDDL PROCESS

Database

Details DatabaseStructure

Reports

Table Meta Data

META DATA

Details Table

Structure

Table Reports

Alteration

Details

Table Structure

Reports

USER

2.1

Database

Creation Or

Deletion

2.2

Table

Creation

Or

Deletion

2.3Table

Structure

Alteration

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Screen Layouts

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LOGIN SECTION

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RDBMS CONNECTION SECTION

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TABLE VIEW

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DATABASE PROFILE

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DATABASE CREATION

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DATABASE DROP

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TABLE CREATION

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RENAME DATABASE

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TABLE INSERTION

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TABLE ALTERATION

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TABLE UPDATION

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TABLE DELETION

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TABLE SELECTION

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TABLE DROP

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TABLE RENAME

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. JAVA Developer's Guide by Jamie Jaworski

2. Peter Norton's Guide to Java Programming3. Oracle - 8i -The Complete Reference4. System Analysis And Design by Elias M. Awad

5. System Analysis And Design by Lee6. Java 2 Black Book by Steven Holzner

7. Software Engineering, A Practitioners Approach by Rogger Pressman8. SQL Server 7.0 ,BPB Publications 2000 by Mike Gunderloy and Joseh L.Jorden

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SQL QUERY ANALYZER

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II-LEVEL DFD DML PROCESS

Data Records

DATA FILE Reports DATAFILE

Record Details

Record Details Reports Reports

UpdationCondition Record

Details Reports

Selection Table

Condition AndCondition

RecordsTableView

USER

3.1

Data

Insertion

3.2Data

Deletion

3.3Data

Updation

3.4Record

Selection

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Testing and Implementaton